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1

Oludiran, O. O., and P. F. A. Umebese. "Pattern and outcome of children admitted for burns in Benin City, mid-western Nigeria." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 42, no. 02 (July 2009): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699342.

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ABSTRACTChildren are a vulnerable to burns, an injury, which is often preventable. A study of the profile of cases of children admitted for burns will provide background information to suggest locally doable preventive strategies as well as supply basic information for future reference. We studied the records of 62 children aged 0-16 years, admitted for burns, at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, between January 2002 and December 2006. There were 34 male and 28 female children. Children under three years constituted 56.5%. Whereas the leading cause of burns in all the children was flame burns from kerosene explosions (52%), scalds were responsible for 68.6% of cases in those under three. The extent of burn injury ranged from 6 to 50% and most of them presented late. 64.6% were discharged within three weeks. Wound sepsis and post burn contractures were the most frequently encountered complications (19.4% and 9.7% respectively). There were two deaths (3.2%) related to sepsis. Particular attention to burn safety precautions in children (especially, in the >3 years age group), safer storage and dispensing of combustible chemicals particularly petroleum products is advocated. Fire safety awareness, correct first aid measures and early presentation in the hospital will reduce morbidity and mortality. Early physiotherapy and splinting strategies will reduce contractures. There is the need locally for the establishment of specialized burn centres both to treat these children and to stimulate interest in burn management.
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Oludiran, OO, and PF A. Umebese. "Pattern and outcome of children admitted for burns in Benin City, mid-western Nigeria." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 42, no. 2 (2009): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.59279.

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3

Adejuwon, Joseph O. "A spectral analysis of rainfall in Edo and Delta States (formerly Mid-Western Region), Nigeria." International Journal of Climatology 31, no. 15 (December 9, 2010): 2365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2248.

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4

Fourchard, Laurent. "A New Name for an Old Practice: Vigilantes in South-Western Nigeria." Africa 78, no. 1 (February 2008): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e000197200800003x.

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It is often considered probable that the recent rise of vigilante groups in Nigeria means an erosion of the state monopoly of legitimate violence as well as a marked decline in state sovereignty over the national territory. However, this conclusion does not take into consideration the fact that in Nigeria ‘vigilante’ is a term initially proposed by the police in the mid-1980s as a substitute for an older practice known in the western part of the country since the colonial period as the ‘hunter guard’ or ‘night guard’ system. Hence, instead of looking at vigilante groups as a response to a supposed increase in crime or a supposed decline of the police force, we should consider them – initially at least – as a first attempt to introduce forms of community policing in order to improve the appalling image of the police. As such, in south-western Nigeria ‘vigilante’ is a new name for an old practice of policing that should be considered in an extended timeframe (from the 1930s onward), a period in which violent crime has been perceived as a potential danger. Finally, within the ongoing debate on the ‘privatization of the state’ in Africa, non-state policing in Nigeria testifies to a continuum existing since the colonial period rather than to the appearance of new phenomena in the 1980s or the 1990s.
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Onifade, Oyepeju Mary, Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo, Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi, Titus Ayodeji Oyedele, and Ademola Richard Akinlade. "Nutritional status as a determinant of cognitive development among preschool children in South-Western Nigeria." British Food Journal 118, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 1568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2015-0445.

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Purpose – Improving the health of children under the age of five is one of the main objectives of primary healthcare services in most developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the nutritional status of children under the age of five and its impact on cognitive function. Design/methodology/approach – The cross-sectional study was carried out in a semi-urban community in south-western Nigeria. The sample consisted of 220 school children under the age of five. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and mid arm circumference were carried out to determine the nutritional status of the children. Cognitive function of the children was assessed using a developmental checklist developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and their performance was graded as good, fair and poor. Findings – The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was low with stunting, underweight and wasting recording 8.2, 6.8 and 1.8 percent, respectively thereby making stunting the most common malnutrition indicator in this study. A large proportion of the children (88.6 percent) had good cognitive performance while 11.4 and 5.5 percent had fair and poor cognitive performance, respectively. Among the various malnutrition indicators measured in this study, stunting was found to have a statistically significant association with cognitive development (p=0.005).Stunted children have multiple functional disadvantages that persist throughout childhood and poor nutrition almost certainly plays a role. This paper calls for a need for the Nigerian Government to intervene by ensuring that policies are implemented that will ensure that health and nutritional needs of preschool children are guaranteed right from conception. Originality/value – In view of the importance of nutrition for cognition in children, this research has shown that the cognitive function of preschool children can be affected by stunting and it has contributed to global data on nutrition and cognition particularly in South-Western Nigeria.
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6

Zachernuk, Philip S. "Of Origins and Colonial Order: Southern Nigerian Historians and the ‘Hamitic Hypothesis’ c. 1870–1970." Journal of African History 35, no. 3 (November 1994): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700026785.

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The professional Nigerian nationalist historiography which emerged in reaction against the imperialist Hamitic Hypothesis – the assertion that Africa's history had been made only by foreigners – is rooted in a complex West African tradition of critical dialogue with European ideas. From the mid-nineteenth century, western-educated Africans have re-worked European ideas into distinctive Hamitic Hypotheses suited to their colonial location. This account developed within the constraints set by changing European and African-American ideas about West African origins and the evolving character of the Nigerian intelligentsia. West Africans first identified themselves not as victims of Hamitic invasion but as the degenerate heirs of classical civilizations, to establish their potential to create a modern, Christian society. At the turn of the century various authors argued for past development within West Africa rather than mere degeneration. Edward Blyden appropriated African-American thought to posit a distinct racial history. Samuel Johnson elaborated on Yoruba traditions of a golden age. Inter-war writers such as J. O. Lucas and Ladipo Solanke built on both arguments, but as race science declined they again invoked universal historical patterns. Facing the arrival of Nigeria as a nation-state, later writers such as S. O. Biobaku developed these ideas to argue that Hamitic invasions had created Nigeria's proto-national culture. In the heightened identity politics of the 1950s, local historians adopted Hamites to compete for historical primacy among Nigerian communities. The Hamitic Hypothesis declined in post-colonial conditions, in part because the concern to define ultimate identities along a colonial axis was displaced by the need to understand identity politics within the Nigerian sphere. The Nigerian Hamitic Hypothesis had a complex career, promoting élite ambitions, Christian identities, Nigerian nationalism and communal rivalries. New treatments of African colonial historiography – and intellectual history – must incorporate the complexities illus-trated here.
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7

Nwalutu, Michael O., and Felicia I. Nwalutu. "The Shifting Feminine Statuses among Indigenous Peoples: Rethinking Colonization and Gender Roles among the WeppaWanno People of Mid-Western Nigeria." Sociology Mind 09, no. 03 (2019): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sm.2019.93012.

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8

Adetunji, Adewale Elijah, Kayode Adesoye Adeniran, Sylvia Chinwendu Olomu, Angela Ifeoma Odike, Rosemary Omonigho Ewah-Odiase, Irekpono Ukhueleigbe Omoike, and George Obozokhale Akpede. "Socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity among primary school children in semi-urban areas of mid-western Nigeria." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): e0214570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214570.

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9

Kane, Ousmane. "ARABIC SOURCES AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW HISTORIOGRAPHY IN IBADAN IN THE 1960s." Africa 86, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000097.

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According to the late Ali Mazrui, modern Africa is the product of a triple civilizational legacy: African, Arabo-Islamic, and Western (Mazrui 1986). Each civilization left Africa with bodies of knowledge rooted in particular epistemologies and transmitted in written and/or oral form. In the first half of the twentieth century, what became known as the colonial library (Mudimbe 1988: x) had provided the sources and conceptual apparatus for studying African history, but from the mid-twentieth century onwards, nationalist intellectuals sought to deconstruct European colonial intellectual hegemony through the search for alternative sources and interpretations of African history. Notable among these intellectuals is Cheikh Anta Diop, whose work highlighted the close connections between Egypt and the rest of the continent to claim Ancient Egypt's historical legacy for the continent. Nigeria's first university – University College Ibadan, which later became the University of Ibadan – provided a forum for talented Africans and Europeans to pursue the project of decolonizing African history. Jeremiah Arowosegbe's survey provides insights into the rise and decline of academic commitment in the African continent, with particular reference to South Africa and Nigeria.
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10

IDOWU, E. O., and Y. L. FABIYI. "SMALL RUMINANT LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AND ALLEY FARMING IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA: A Case Study of Some Selected Communities." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 22, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v22i1.2036.

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The adoption potential of alley farming as an agro-intervention system capable of providing fodder to small ruminant livestock in southern parts of Nigeria is evaluated in this paper. Data were collected from a total of 240 respondents through the use of structured questionnaire in some selected communities of the south-western (SW) and south-eastern (SE) parts of Nigeria where the agro-intervention had been introduced in the past. Data analysis showed that ownership of small ruminants is more popular among households in savannah zone than forest zone, and among current and former alley farmers than non-alley farmers with browse being the most preferred feed given to the livestock. The management indicators showed that the care of the animals is generally the responsibility of all family members. The data suggest that the introduction of alley farming to produce supplemental feed for livestock may not gain quick adoption in areas with local sources of browse notably in the forest zone. The paper then concluded that the introduction of alley farming to produce supplemental fodder may be an innovation more suited to livestock owners' needs in the mid-term future, rather than immediately.
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11

McDonnell, Erin Metz. "Patchwork Leviathan: How Pockets of Bureaucratic Governance Flourish within Institutionally Diverse Developing States." American Sociological Review 82, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 476–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122417705874.

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Within seemingly weak states, exceptionally effective subunits lie hidden. These high-performing niches exhibit organizational characteristics distinct from poor-performing peer organizations, but also distinct from high-functioning organizations in Western countries. This article develops the concept of interstitial bureaucracy to explain how and why unusually high-performing state organizations in developing countries invert canonical features of Weberian bureaucracy. Interstices are distinct-yet-embedded subsystems characterized by practices inconsistent with those of the dominant institution. This interstitial position poses particular challenges and requires unique solutions. Interstices cluster together scarce proto-bureaucratic resources to cultivate durable distinction from the status quo, while managing disruptions arising from interdependencies with the wider neopatrimonial field. I propose a framework for how bureaucratic interstices respond to those challenges, generalizing from organizational comparisons within the Ghanaian state and abbreviated historical comparison cases from the nineteenth-century United States, early-twentieth-century China, mid-twentieth-century Kenya, and early-twenty-first-century Nigeria.
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12

Oladipo, A., and J. A. Onifade. "Prevalence Of Urinary Tract Infections (Utis) Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic At Ile –Ife, Southwestern Nigeria." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.291.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective This is a prospective study that reports the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and the bacteriological causative agents among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a Secondary Care Hospital in Ile Ife, South western Nigeria. 335 mid-stream clean catch urine samples were collected from pregnant women between April -July 2017. Methods These were cultured for the presence of bacterial pathogens. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing on Mueller Hinton agar by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique using CLSI, guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows version 16 and WHONET 5. Results A total of 190 showed significant bacterial growth while 145 showed no significant bacterial growth. Bacterial agents isolated included Klebsiella spp. showing the highest occurrence of [60(31.5%) followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with prevalences of [49(25.7%) and [32(16.8%) respectively. Other organisms implicated are Proteus mirabilis [20(10.5%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci [24(12.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the least prevalence of [5(2.6%). Resistant to antibiotics such as amoxycilin 64%, gentamicin 52.6%, erythromycin 62.5%, ceftazidime 69%, cefotaxime 74%, ceftriaxone 79.6% while a high sensitivity to tetracycline (88.5%), nitrofurantoin (96.3%), imipenem (100%) respectively. Conclusion This study indicated a high prevalence of UTIs (56.7%) in pregnant women though most of them showed no clinical manifestation.
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13

Osalusi, Bamidele Sanya, Lukman Ogunjimi, Joseph Yaria, Ayotunde Ale, Olawale Ogunsemi, Alabi Akinyinka, and Adesola Ogunniyi. "THE HORMONAL CHANGES AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN WITH EPILEPSY." African Journal of Science and Nature 10 (November 10, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v10i0.173.

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This study aims to compare the sex hormones between women with epilepsy (WWE) and their agematched controls. We postulated that a difference in etiology, may be associated with an unexpected hormonal profile. A case control study carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, South western, Nigeria involving seventy-five WWE and age-matched controls. Blood samples for hormonal evaluation follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, progesterone and testosterone were taken twice from all the participants during their menstrual cycle. WWE had lower BMI (p: 0.004), cycle length (p: 0.014) and more menstrual pattern irregularities (p< 0.001.) In the pre-ovulatory phase, WWE had lower FSH levels when compared with controls, (p: 0.012). Further stratification shows a higher FSH levels among WWE on medication, (p: 0.003).In the mid-luteal phase, FSH level was lowest in WWE not on medication, WWE on medication had higher levels but lower when compared to the control group, p: 0.002. FWE had lower progesterone levels when compared with the control group, (p: 0.004) with no difference with use of AEDs. Testosterone levels were lower among those with symptomatic epilepsy, (p:0.012)WWE had lower progesterone, lower FSH and more menstrual abnormalities, compare to controls in our population.
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14

Amimo, Floriano, Ben Lambert, Anthony Magit, Jahit Sacarlal, Masahiro Hashizume, and Kenji Shibuya. "Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Africa: a systematic analysis of national trends." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 11 (November 2020): e003217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003217.

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IntroductionThe rising burden of drug resistance is a major challenge to the global fight against malaria. We estimated national Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) across Africa, from 2000 to 2020.MethodsWe assembled molecular, clinical and endemicity data covering malaria-endemic African countries up to December 2018. Subsequently, we reconstructed georeferenced patient data, using pfdhps540E and pfdhps581G to measure mid-level and high-level SP resistance. Gaussian process regression was applied to model spatiotemporal standardised prevalence.ResultsIn eastern Africa, mid-level SP resistance increased by 64.0% (95% uncertainty interval, 30.7%–69.8%) in Tanzania, 55.4% (31.3%–65.2%) in Sudan, 45.7% (16.8%–54.3%) in Mozambique, 29.7% (10.0%–45.2%) in Kenya and 8.7% (1.4%–36.8%) in Malawi from 2000 to 2010. This was followed by a steady decline of 76.0% (39.6%–92.6%) in Sudan, 65.7% (25.5%–85.6%) in Kenya and 17.4% (2.6%–37.5%) in Tanzania from 2010 to 2020. In central Africa, the levels increased by 28.9% (7.2%–62.5%) in Equatorial Guinea and 85.3% (54.0%–95.9%) in the Congo from 2000 to 2020, while in the other countries remained largely unchanged. In western Africa, the levels have remained low from 2000 to 2020, except for Nigeria, with a reduction of 14.4% (0.7%–67.5%) and Mali, with an increase of 7.0% (0.8%–25.6%). High-level SP resistance increased by 5.5% (1.0%–20.0%) in Malawi, 4.7% (0.5%–25.4%) in Kenya and 2.0% (0.1%–39.2%) in Tanzania, from 2000 to 2020.ConclusionUnder the WHO protocols, SP is no longer effective for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy and infancy in most of eastern Africa and parts of central Africa. Strengthening health systems capacity to monitor drug resistance at subnational levels across the endemicity spectrum is critical to achieve the global target to end the epidemic.
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15

Mada, S. B., K. D. Bawa, M. A. Saliu, A. Garba, M. M. Abarshi, A. Muhammad, and I. Garba. "Evidence of Malnutrition and its Associated Factors among Under-five Children in Danko-Wasagu Kebbi State, North-western Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 28, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v28i1.8.

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Malnutrition is a major health problem worldwide and causes about 2.3 million deaths among under-5 children in low- and middle-income countries annually including Nigeria. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the nutritional status of under-five children (0-59 months) and associated factors in Danko-Wasagu. The socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence of childhood diseases, anthropometric parameters and dietary pattern of the children were evaluated. The results indicated that 54.8% of the caregivers are young adults within 20 to 24 years of age with 41.7% having two living children. In addition, 58% of the caregivers have monthly family income below ₦20,000 with no any formal education. The Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and Weight-for-Height (WFH) indices indicated that none of the children had Severe-Acute-Malnutrition (SAM). However, there was 65.5% prevalence of diarrhea, 45.2% with dermatitis and 25.0% with acute respiratory infections. In addition, stunting, underweight and wasting among the children investigated were 72.7%, 29.8% and 11.9% respectively. Consumption of cereals based diet by the children was 92.7% while 28.6% and 31.0% of the children met the minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency respectively. Caregiver’s age was observed to associate significantly (p<0.05) with wasting, underweight and stunting among the children. Altogether, the presentstudy demonstrated a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition and childhood diseases even though without any case of SAM in the study area. Keywords: Malnutrition, Nutritional status, Under-five-children, Childhood diseases, Dietary pattern
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16

Nfor BN, Eigbike CO. "Physico Chemical Investigations and Health Implications of Geophagial Clays of Edo State, Mid-Western Nigeria." Journal of Geology & Geosciences 03, no. 01 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6755.1000140.

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17

Odjugo, PAO. "The effect of tillage types on microclimatic condition and yield of inter-cropped vegetables in Mid Western Nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 14, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v5i1.2287.

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18

Asonye, CC, JI Akhindeno, and GC Agu. "ASSESSMENT OF PLASMA ZINC STATUS OF SENILE CATARACT AND NON-CATARACT ELDERLY PATIENTS IN MID-WESTERN NIGERIA- A CASE STUDYOF EDO AND DELTA STATES OF NIGERIA." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 4, no. 2 (February 25, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v4i2.19161.

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19

Adebiyi, A. D., S. O. Ilugbo, O. E. Bamidele, and T. Egunjobi. "Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis around Akure Industrial Estate, Akure, Southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, January 4, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2018/v3i316874.

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This study is aimed at evaluating of aquifer vulnerability in a typical basement complex environment of Akure industrial estate, Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. A multi-criteria model is developed for achieving this aim; the vulnerability model which is based on topsoil resistivity, longitudinal conductance, thickness of layer overlying aquifer, and hydraulic conductivity of each sounding point across the study area is successfully used to evaluate the aquifer vulnerability of the area for future groundwater development programme in the area. Geophysical investigation involving vertical electrical sounding is carried out across the study area. A total of thirty one (31) vertical electrical soundings (VES) data were acquired using Schlumberger array with maximum half-current electrode separation of 100 m. Three to five geoelectric layers were delineated across the study area. The curve types obtained are the A, H, K, KH, HA, AA, QHA and KHA.The map of topsoil resistivity, longitudinal conductance, thickness of layer overlying aquifer, and hydraulic conductivity were generated and synthesized to producing the vulnerability map. The vulnerability map shows that the area is characterized by five zones; very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The mid-western, southeastern and closure at the northern part of the study area are delineated to be very low to low vulnerable zones, followed by the eastern and part of the western and central part of the study area which are categorized as moderate vulnerable zones, and finally the southern and northern part of the study area which are characterized by high and very high vulnerable zone.
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20

Aliyu, Shakirat Bukola, Abbass Adebayo Adetona, Rafiu Abdulwaheed Adewuyi, Ejepu Jude, and Taiwo Adewumi. "Delineating and Interpreting the Gold Veins Within Bida and Zungeru Area, Niger State Nigeria, Using Aeromagnetic and Radiometric Data." Pakistan Journal of Geology, May 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjg-2021-0006.

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Abstract Both Airborne Magnetic and Radiometric datasets were employed to interpret the geology and geological structures that serve as host to gold and associated minerals within the Bida and Zungeru, Niger State, Nigeria. An area of 55 by 110km2, contained within the cretaceous sediments of Bida Basin and the meta-sediments of Zungeru-sarkin-pawa schist belt. Data interpretation involve the application of a mathematical algorithm for data enhancing such as, Reduce to the Equator, Analytical signal, First Vertical Derivative, and Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) to the magnetic data, and Ternary imaging to the radiometric data, with a sole aim of mapping geological structures such as faults fracture folds joints and geological boundaries and possible gold mineralization veins that arise from hydrothermally altered zones. Two major geological units inhibit the study area, the cretaceous sediment, and the meta-sediments, major feature identifies within the Cretaceous sediment are the folds majority of which are located within the contacts. The result of the 1VD display is the vivid picture of the observed structural features such as faults fractures folds’ contacts labeled F1 to F8 both within the high region of magnetic susceptibility (in red) and low regions (in blue) geology contacts (yellow), folds (bold yellow) all across the field. Prominently at the North-Western corner of the study area are sets of linear structure that trend NE-SW, located within the contacts between the mylonites and the amphibolites and the belt-type meta-sediments located around Katakwo, Gindei, Kwange, Gabas and Akusu villages. Equallyworth mentioning are sets of lineament (in blue) trend E-W all across the mid-region of the study area, precisely at the Eastern corner within and below the Federal University of Technology Minna around Kata-eregi, Sabon-Dagan, Kakaki down Minkwoigi, Sunbwagi, Kakagi, Sabon dagga, and Bobo-shiri towns, where the majority of volcanic activities must have been recorded. The airborne radiometric show mobilization of the immobile thorium Th, concentration, and this also indicated hydrothermally altered zones. The increase in potassium concentration and decrease in K/Th relation observed from radiometric interpretation are very pinpointing of hydrothermal activities within the study area. The gold mineralisations are found within this vein and in the adjacent, highly deformed host rock located below the Federal University of Technology Minna Campus. The deformation seems to comprise principally of pebbly schist, amphibolites along fine-grained and magnetite.
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