Relevant bibliographies by topics / Middle distance runners

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Middle distance runners'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Middle distance runners"

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Cunningham, Ruthann, Iain Hunter, Matthew K. Seeley, and Brent Feland. "Variations in running technique between female sprinters, middle, and distance runners." International Journal of Exercise Science 6, no. 1 (2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.70252/xvrs8993.

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In the sport of track and field, runners excel not only due to physiological characteristics but also aspects in running technique. Optimal technique allows runners the perfect the balance between running speed and economy. The ideal movement pattern may vary between events as the goal goes from economy of movement in the long-distance events to speed and power in the sprints. Understanding how each type of runner moves differently will help coaches more effectively train their athletes for each specific running event. This study was conducted to determine if sprinters, middle-distance, and long-distance runners would exhibit differences in form while running at the same speeds. Thirty female Division I collegiate runners participated in this study. Runners were separated into categories based on the events for which they were currently training in: 10 sprinters, 10 middle-distance, and 10 long-distance runners. Participants were asked to run twenty-two steps at five selected speeds. Knee angles, ground contact time, center of mass separation, and stride length were measured using a Vicon Nexus motion analysis system. Data was processed using analysis of variance and a Tukey post hoc analysis. Significant differences (p < .05) occurred between long-distance runners and the other two groups (middle-distance and sprinters) for knee range, ground contact time, center of mass separation, and stride length at all five speeds. While running at the same speeds, there are specific characteristics of technique that distinguish long-distance runners from middle-distance and sprinters.
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Vesković, Ana, Marija Čolić, Nenad Janković, and Marija Regodić. "A comparative analysis of state anxiety and coping in sprint and middle-and long-distance runners." Fizicka kultura 74, no. 2 (2020): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fizkul74-32871.

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Competitive anxiety and coping with competitive stress determine successful athletic performance in important ways. The first goal of this study was to investigate the intensity and potential differences in state anxiety (somatic and cognitive) and self-confidence between sprinters and middleand long-distance runners, as well as to compare their use of coping strategies and/ or coping dimensions. The second goal was to define which coping strategies runners use most frequently in general. The third aim was to examine if there is a relationship between competitive anxiety and coping dimensions in runners. A sample of 52 runners, 44.2% sprinters and 55.8% long-distance runners, (Mage = 24.25; Msp.exp .= 9.78) completed the SCAI-2 and CICS. Compared to middleand long-distance runners, sprinters scored higher on somatic and cognitive anxiety and lower on self-confidence. In total, runners most frequently use task-oriented coping strategies. There are no differences between sprinters and middleand long-distance runners in coping dimensions and strategies except in mental distraction, which is more frequently used by middleand long-distance runners. Task-oriented coping was positively related to self-confidence and negatively to cognitive anxiety. Disengagement-oriented coping is positively related to both somatic and cognitive anxiety and negatively to self-confidence. The study results highlight the possible directions for further research and provide a basis for several practical recommendations.
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Billat, Véronique, Bernard Auvinet, Claude Courreau, et al. "Comparaison de l’athlète humain (demi-fondeur) et équin (trotteur) des modifications de la foulée entre la vitesse au seuil lactique et la vitesse maximale atteinte lors d’une épreuve triangulaire." STAPS 20, no. 50 (1999): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/staps.1999.1145.

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Comparison of the stride pattern modification between the velocity at the lactate threshold and maximal velocity in an incremental test in middle distance runners and trotters This study compared the influence of the lactate threshold on the stride pattern modification with speed, in trotters (n = 19) and middle distance runners (n = 10). Moreover, this study focuses on relationship between this stride modifications at lactate threshold velocity and performance in competition. Incremental tests performed on track and using stages of 4 min for horses and 3 min for middle-distance runners allowed to determine velocity at the lactate threshold corresponding to an increase of lactatemia of more than 1 mM around 4 mM. Relative velocity at the lactate threshold (expressed in % of the maximal velocity) was not different between middle distance runners and trotters (85.3 ± 4.3 and 83.5 ± 4.3 % respectively, t = -0.792, p = 0.43). Increase of velocity between the velocity at the lactate threshold and the maximal velocity is accomplished by the increase of stride frequency in the majority of horses (78 %) and for almost half of the middle distance runners (45 %). However, the increase of speed is correlated with the increase of the stride frequency for horses and the increase of stride length in middle distance runners. Moreover, for the horses, the stride frequency increased and maximal value of stride frequency and stride length were correlated with the maximal velocity. In human, the stride length only correlated the maximal velocity.
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Haugen, Thomas, Øyvind Sandbakk, Eystein Enoksen, Stephen Seiler, and Espen Tønnessen. "Crossing the Golden Training Divide: The Science and Practice of Training World-Class 800- and 1500-m Runners." Sports Medicine 51, no. 9 (2021): 1835–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01481-2.

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AbstractDespite an increasing amount of research devoted to middle-distance training (herein the 800 and 1500 m events), information regarding the training methodologies of world-class runners is limited. Therefore, the objective of this review was to integrate scientific and best practice literature and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite middle-distance performance. Herein, we describe how well-known training principles and fundamental training characteristics are applied by world-leading middle-distance coaches and athletes to meet the physiological and neuromuscular demands of 800 and 1500 m. Large diversities in physiological profiles and training emerge among middle-distance runners, justifying a categorization into types across a continuum (400–800 m types, 800 m specialists, 800–1500 m types, 1500 m specialists and 1500–5000 m types). Larger running volumes (120–170 vs. 50–120 km·week−1 during the preparation period) and higher aerobic/anaerobic training distribution (90/10 vs. 60/40% of the annual running sessions below vs. at or above anaerobic threshold) distinguish 1500- and 800-m runners. Lactate tolerance and lactate production training are regularly included interval sessions by middle-distance runners, particularly among 800-m athletes. In addition, 800-m runners perform more strength, power and plyometric training than 1500-m runners. Although the literature is biased towards men and “long-distance thinking,” this review provides a point of departure for scientists and practitioners to further explore and quantify the training and development of elite 800- and 1500-m running performance and serves as a position statement for outlining current state-of-the-art middle-distance training recommendations.
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Ghosh, Soumyadip, Sayan Jyoti Bera, Kingshuk Ghosh, Pritee Singha, Atanu Jana, and Indranil Manna. "Impact of short term training on morphological, physical fitness and physiological variables of middle distance runners." Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 2, no. 4 (2023): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/babf3856.

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Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of short term training on morphological, physical fitness and physiological determinants of middle distance runners. Method: Total of 97 male volunteers (age: 18-20 yrs.) (40- sedentary control, and 57- middle distance runners) were included randomly, and 17 middle distance runners were excluded. The rest were divided into (a) Sedentary Control Group (SCG, n = 40) and (b) Middle Distance Runners Group (MDR, n = 40). The volunteers of MDR followed a training schedule of 2 hrs/d, 5days/wk., for 6 wks.; no training was given in SCG. Results: A significant (p < .05) increase in strength (of grip, back, leg, upper body strength, abdominal), anaerobic power, flexibility, VO2max, FEV1, FVC, PEFR; and decrease (p < .05) in body mass, body fat and sprint time, heart rate (during rest, sub-maximal exercise and recovery) among the volunteers of MDR after 6 weeks of training. This study showed positive correlation between standing broad jump and height (r = +0.51, p < .05); and between speed and leg strength (r = +0.52, p < .05). Conclusion: Training have a positive impact on morphological, physical fitness and physiological variables of middle distance runners. Further research would provide conclusive results that can be extrapolated to general population.
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Bobrovnyk, V. I., M. L. Tkachenko, and D. O. Puhachov. "Modern technology for training qualified runners for middle distances (800, 1500 m) based on the development of model training microcycles of the stages of spring-summer preparatory and summer competition periods of the third year of training of the stage." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(179) (June 21, 2024): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.6(179).08.

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The modern sports calendar enables qualified middle-distance runners, starting from the spring-summer preparatory and summer competition period, to actively participate in competitions starting from April and ending in October. A feature of the spring-summer competitive period is currently the participation of athletes in competitions 1-2 times a week, therefore the development of model weekly microcycles associated with the maximum manifestation of the necessary physical abilities (speed, strength and special endurance) should be based on the performance of special exercises in intensity zones (95-98% of the personal result) in the training process. In this regard, the development of training microcycles in the spring- summer competitive period is relevant. Based on the generalization of advanced theoretical and practical experience, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the analysis of individual training plans for middle-distance runners, and a questionnaire survey of leading Ukrainian endurance running coaches (medium and long distances) and radio telemetry, running exercises were selected for development (general endurance, special endurance, speed qualities) and adjusted the methodology of their application for middle-distance runners at the stage of specialized basic training, 7 model weekly training microcycles of middle-distance runners in the spring-summer preparatory and summer competitive period of the third year of training at the stage of specialized training were also developed basic training.
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Manning, J., and L. Pickup. "Symmetry and Performance in Middle Distance Runners." International Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 03 (1998): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971905.

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KEYNO, Aleksandr Yu, Svetlana A. ZAGUZOVA, and Vera B. BOLDYREVA. "Main factors determining the growth of results among middle-distance runners." Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, no. 4 (2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2019-1-4-48-55.

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The relevance of this topic is due to the constantly increasing level of sports achievements in the middle distance race, which puts new qualitative requirements to physical training of athletes. Running at 800 m refers to submaximal power exercises, where work is performed mainly in anaerobic power supply conditions. A sufficiently high running speed, which must be for about two minutes, leads to significant changes in the activity of the runner's body systems, putting him in extremely unfavourable conditions of functioning. Maintaining a high running speed in such conditions depends on the ability to perform work in conditions of high oxygen debt and significant accumulation of lactic acid in working muscles and blood, i.e. on special endurance. On this basis, the training of runners on 800 m is primarily related to the development of speed and special endurance, which are in contradictory relations. Supposedly that organization of training of runners on 800 m on the basis of fulfillment of factors limiting growth of their achievements at different levels of skill, will contribute to improvement of quality of training of athletes. We carried out the pedagogical experiment in the experimental group, analyzed the results in comparison with the results of the control group (the experiment was in the athletics section of Tambov SSOR no. 2).
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Hussain, Gaffor, and Dr Lokendra Bahadur Kathayat. "Comparative analysis of body composition profiles between middle distance runners and long distance runners athletes." International Journal of Physiology, Sports and Physical Education 6, no. 2 (2024): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26647710.2024.v6.i2a.77.

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Bobrovnyk, V. I., and D. O. Puhachov. "The tasks of the stages of the annual cycle, the solution of which is the basis for improving physical qualities, which ensures the effectiveness of middle-distance running of athletes at the stage of specialized basic training." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(181) (August 23, 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.8(181).04.

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The current training method focuses on the athlete at the stage of specialized basic training to further achieve a consistent level of development of special strength, as well as basic strength and strength abilities, It is fundamentally necessary to thoroughly understand the technical and tactical abilities of a mid-distance runner in the minds of a high level for The highest level of basic tasks is to achieve a high level of diversity and the interconnection of all types of preparation - physical, technical, tactical, psychological, moral-volitional, etc. Based on periodization systems, we improved the annual training macrocycle for middle-distance runners in the third year of specialized basic training, which includes: 2 autumn-winter and spring-summer macrocycles, 6 main periods and 16 training stages, which include 18 mesocycles and 52 microcycles. Considering the stages of preparation of the annual training cycle as the basis of the training process of middle-distance runners at the stage of specialized basic training, we developed groups of exercises with different predominant orientation, and on this basis, model microcycles of each stage were built depending on the tasks. On the basis of the annual training macrocycle of qualified middle-distance runners in the third year of training at the stage of specialized basic training, the main tasks of the stages of the annual training cycle of different predominant orientations were developed, which are the basis for improving the components of physical qualities. The developed tasks of the stages of the annual training cycle are aimed at increasing the capabilities of the aerobic system, the aerobic-anaerobic system, as well as the anaerobic energy supply system, which will make it possible to lay an aerobic-anaerobic base on which middle-distance runners will successfully perform large volumes of special work, carry loads more easily, and recover faster after them at the stage of specialized basic training.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Middle distance runners"

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Arena, Gina Elizabeth. "Racing plans of elite middle distance runners." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ28885.pdf.

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Kilding, Andrew E. "Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in middle-and long-distance runners." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20739/.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the importance of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO[2]) kinetics, in the moderate-domain, in the assessment of endurance-trained runners. Accordingly, there were five objectives: 1) to quantify the reproducibility of measures of VO[2] kinetics; 2) to characterise and compare VO[2] kinetics during the on-and off-transients in middle-distance (MD) and long-distance (LD) runners; 3) to assess the relationship between VO[2] kinetics and maximal VO[2] (VO[2Max]), ventilatory threshold (V[T]) and running economy (RE); 4) to determine the relationship between VO[2] kinetics and running performance and 5) to assess whether VO[2] kinetics is a determinant of running performance. Twelve participants performed two assessments of VO[2] kinetics on separate days to determine the reproducibility. Paired t-tests showed that parameters from test 1 and test 2 did not differ (P > 0.05). Furthermore, narrow 95% limits of agreement (LOA), low measurement and method error suggested that the on- and off-transient time-constants (pion and pioff), mean response times (MRT[on] and MRT[off]) and amplitudes (A[on] and A[off]) were reproducible and could be used for the assessment of runners. Subsequently, VO[2] kinetics were compared in 10 MD and 10 LD runners. There was a tendency for pion (12.5 +/- 2.3 s vs. 14.2 +/- 3.1 s, P = 0.178) and pioff (24.1 +/- 2.3 s vs. 27.1 +/- 3.0 s, P = 0.023) to be shorter in LD than MD runners respectively, despite similar VO[2Max] (MD = 60.0 +/- 4.9 ml-kg[-1]min[-1]; LD = 59.0 +/- 6.3 ml-kg[-1]-min[-1], P = 0.689). Differences in VO[2] kinetics between MD and LD runners were attributed to approaches to training since the volume of training was greater in LD (64.0 +/- 15.7 km-wk[-1]) than MD (47.5 +/- 15.7 km-wk[-1]) runners (P = 0.047). To detail the relationships between VO[2] kinetics and other measures of aerobic function (VO[2max], V[t] and RE), 16 MD and 16 LD runners were assessed. Relationships existed between pion and VO[2max] (r = -0.72, P = 0.002), V[t] (r = -0.66, P = 0.006) and RE (r = -0.59, P = 0.016) in LD runners, but not in MD runners (P >0.05). In addition, pion was related to the volume of training in MD (r = -0.63 , P = 0.009) and LD runners (r = -0.65, P = 0.006).The importance of VO[2] kinetics for 5 km running performance was investigated in 36 endurance trained runners. Runners were categorised as high n=10), low (n=10) and combined [MD + LD (n=36)] performers according to running ability after performing a self-paced 5 km time-trial. Mean (+/-SD) speed for the 5 km time-trial was 5.2 +/-1.0 m-s[-1] (high), 4.5 +/- 0.2 m-s[-1] (low) and 4.9 +/- 0.3 m-s[-1] (combined). Measures of on- and off- transient VO[2] kinetics, VO[2max], V[t] and RE were also determined. Data were explored using bi-variate correlations, ANCOVA and multiple regression techniques. In high and low performers, V0[2] kinetic parameters were not related to running performance. In combined runners, pion, pioff, MRT[on] and MRT[off] were related (r = -0.54, P = 0.001; r = -0.36, P = 0.030; r = -0.50, P = 0.002; r = -0.63, P = 0.003) to running performance. Stepwise multiple regression models were used to identify the primary determinant(s) of 5 km running performance for each group. In high performers, VO[2Max] and RE were included in the model (r = 0.92, R = 0.85, SEE = 0.08 m-s[-1]; SEE% = 1.5). In low performers, VO[2Max] was included in the model (r = 0.76, R[2] = 0.57, SEE = 0.15 m-s[-1], SEE% = 3.3). In combined runners, V0[2Max] RE and MR[off] were included in the model (r = 0.87, R-2 = 0.75, SEE = 0.17 m-s[-1], SEE% = 3.5).Collectively, the results suggest that: 1) VO[2] kinetics can be reproducibly determined using a single visit protocol; 2) measures of VO[2] kinetics are sensitive enough to differentiate MD and LD runners; 3) relationships between VO[2] kinetics and other measures of aerobic function exist in LD runners, but not in MD runners; 4) VO[2] kinetics differ between high and low performers, but do not relate to running performance and 5) VO[2] kinetics discriminate between high and low performers but only contribute minimally to the prediction of running performance in a multiple regression model for combined MD and LD runners.
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Di, Michele Rocco <1981&gt. "Relationships between running economy and mechanics in middle-distance runners." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/783/1/Tesi_Di_Michele_Rocco.pdf.

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Running economy (RE), i.e. the oxygen consumption at a given submaximal speed, is an important determinant of endurance running performance. So far, investigators have widely attempted to individuate the factors affecting RE in competitive athletes, focusing mainly on the relationships between RE and running biomechanics. However, the current results are inconsistent and a clear mechanical profile of an economic runner has not been yet established. The present work aimed to better understand how the running technique influences RE in sub-elite middle-distance runners by investigating the biomechanical parameters acting on RE and the underlying mechanisms. Special emphasis was given to accounting for intra-individual variability in RE at different speeds and to assessing track running rather than treadmill running. In Study One, a factor analysis was used to reduce the 30 considered mechanical parameters to few global descriptors of the running mechanics. Then, a biomechanical comparison between economic and non economic runners and a multiple regression analysis (with RE as criterion variable and mechanical indices as independent variables) were performed. It was found that a better RE was associated to higher knee and ankle flexion in the support phase, and that the combination of seven individuated mechanical measures explains ∼72% of the variability in RE. In Study Two, a mathematical model predicting RE a priori from the rate of force production, originally developed and used in the field of comparative biology, was adapted and tested in competitive athletes. The model showed a very good fit (R2=0.86). In conclusion, the results of this dissertation suggest that the very complex interrelationships among the mechanical parameters affecting RE may be successfully dealt with through multivariate statistical analyses and the application of theoretical mathematical models. Thanks to these results, coaches are provided with useful tools to assess the biomechanical profile of their athletes. Thus, individual weaknesses in the running technique may be identified and removed, with the ultimate goal to improve RE.
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Di, Michele Rocco <1981&gt. "Relationships between running economy and mechanics in middle-distance runners." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/783/.

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Running economy (RE), i.e. the oxygen consumption at a given submaximal speed, is an important determinant of endurance running performance. So far, investigators have widely attempted to individuate the factors affecting RE in competitive athletes, focusing mainly on the relationships between RE and running biomechanics. However, the current results are inconsistent and a clear mechanical profile of an economic runner has not been yet established. The present work aimed to better understand how the running technique influences RE in sub-elite middle-distance runners by investigating the biomechanical parameters acting on RE and the underlying mechanisms. Special emphasis was given to accounting for intra-individual variability in RE at different speeds and to assessing track running rather than treadmill running. In Study One, a factor analysis was used to reduce the 30 considered mechanical parameters to few global descriptors of the running mechanics. Then, a biomechanical comparison between economic and non economic runners and a multiple regression analysis (with RE as criterion variable and mechanical indices as independent variables) were performed. It was found that a better RE was associated to higher knee and ankle flexion in the support phase, and that the combination of seven individuated mechanical measures explains ∼72% of the variability in RE. In Study Two, a mathematical model predicting RE a priori from the rate of force production, originally developed and used in the field of comparative biology, was adapted and tested in competitive athletes. The model showed a very good fit (R2=0.86). In conclusion, the results of this dissertation suggest that the very complex interrelationships among the mechanical parameters affecting RE may be successfully dealt with through multivariate statistical analyses and the application of theoretical mathematical models. Thanks to these results, coaches are provided with useful tools to assess the biomechanical profile of their athletes. Thus, individual weaknesses in the running technique may be identified and removed, with the ultimate goal to improve RE.
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Walters, William A. "Longitudinal kinematic study of master's aged distance runners." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902480.

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The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic characteristics of distance runners over a twenty year period. The subjects in the investigation were 14 long distance runners who at the time of the first observation were considered highly trained (running more than 50 miles per week). The second observation occurred approximately 20-23 years after the first observation. At this time the average weekly mileage per runner had decreased to 37 miles per week. The first observation's data were collected with a Locam camera at film speeds ranging from 60 to 120 frames/second. The film data were digitized at the same time as the second observation's data. The second observation's data were collected with a Panasonic 5000 shutter video camera. The Peak Performance Motion Measurement System video interface allowed a 60 frame/second field rate. Ten subjects ran at a speed of 3.4 m/s; two subjects at the speeds of 3.1 and 3.6 m/s; and one subject at each of the following speeds: 4.0, 4.5, and 4.9 m/s. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) of the stride length, stride frequency, support and non-support time, and joint angular displacement indicated no significant difference (p > .05) between the first observation and the second observation. The results of this study indicated that the kinematics of continually active long distance runners do not change with an increase in age.<br>School of Physical Education
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Dvorak, Linda. "Dietary intake and iron deficiency in middle age female distance runners." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/471158.

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The role of food intake and nutrition in athletic performance has gained much recognition in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess whether female runners who consumed a modified vegetarian diet had different iron parameters than female runners who consumed a diet that included red meat. Methods: Two groups of female runners (n=18) volunteered as subjects for this study. One group was composed of women who regularly consumed a modified vegetarian diet (V group) and the other group was composed of women who consumed a diet which included red meat (RM group). The groups were comparable in age, weight, aerobic capacity, number of pregnancies and years since last pregnancy. Dietary analyses and biochemical analyses for the three stages of iron deficiency characterized by iron depletion, iron deficient erythropoiesis and iron deficiency anemia were performed to compare iron status of the two groups of athletes. Results: Serum ferritin values of the V group were significantly lower (p=.001) than those of the RM group. Of all the athletes examined, 56% had serum ferritin values indicative of storage iron depletion. Mean values for serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and percent transferrin saturation were in the normal range for both groups, but TIBC values of the V group were significantly higher (p=.02) than the TIBC values of the RM group. Individually, four of the subjects, 22%, (3 V group and 1 RM group), had iron values indicative of iron deficient erythropoiesis. None of the other iron parameters was significantly different between the groups and none of the subjects was clinically anemic. The mean daily iron intake was not significantly different between the groups, but both groups averaged less than the RDA. The total caloric intake of both groups averaged less than 1800 kcals/day with 50% of the athletes consuming less than 1800 kcals/day, and another 28% consumed between 1800-2100 kcals/day. The V group consumed significantly more carbohydrate (p=.02) and less protein (p=.001) than the RM group, but none of the other dietary variables were significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The two groups of subjects ingested almost the same amount of iron/day, however, the bioavailability of the iron in the diets may have affected iron absorption as the iron stores of the V group were lower than those of the RM group.
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Cunningham, Ruthann. "Variations in Running Form Among Female Sprinters, Middle, and Distance Runners." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3128.pdf.

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Olson, Jordan T. "Changes in bone mineral density of collegiate middle distance and long distance runners across an indoor season." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1469096419.

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Greene, David, and res cand@acu edu au. "Exercise Type, Musculoskeletal Health and Injury Risk Factors in Adolescent Middle-Distance Runners." Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp80.25092005.

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Adolescent growth provides a unique opportunity for the growing body to adapt to external stimuli. A positive association between site-specific mechanical loading and increases in regional bone mineral content (BMC) during adolescence is established. Mechanical loads associated with middle-distance running expose the skeleton to a combination of compressive ground reaction forces and muscular contraction. Previous studies concerning musculoskeletal health in active adolescents are largely limited to planar, two-dimensional measures of bone mineral status, using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Intrinsic bone material properties are accurately measured using DXA. However, the interaction between bone material and structural properties that reflects the mechanical integrity of bone require a combination of imaging modalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a three-dimensional geometric and biomechanical assessment of bone. When MRI is integrated with DXA technology, an effective non-invasive method of assessing in vivo bone strength is achieved. The impact of high training volumes on musculoskeletal development of male and female adolescent athletes engaged in repetitive, high magnitude mechanical loading has not been investigated. Specifically, differences in total body and regional bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, bone biomechanical indices and bone strength at differentially-loaded skeletal sites have not been compared between adolescent middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched non-athletic controls. Objectives: (i) to investigate the effects of intense sports participation involving mechanical loading patterns on bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, biomechanical indices and estimated regional bone strength between elite adolescent male and female middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched controls (ii) to examine factors predictive of total body BMC, distal tibial bone geometry, distal tibial bone strength, and Hip Strength Analysis (HSA)- derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck. Methods: Four groups of 20 adolescents were comprised of male (mean (SD) age 16.8 ± 0.6 yr, physical activity 14.1 ± 5.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 ± 1.7 yr, physical activity 8.9 ± 2.1 hr.wk-1) middle-distance runners, and male (16.4 ± 0.7 yr, physical activity 2.2 ± 0.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 ± 1.8 yr, physical activity 2.0 ± 0.07 hr.wk-1) controls. Total body and regional BMC were calculated using DXA. Distal tibial bone and muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) were assessed using MRI. To calculate distal tibial bone strength index (BSI), a region of interest representing 10% of the mid distal tibia was analysed for DXA-derived bone mineral and was combined with bone geometry and biomechanical properties from MRI assessments. Calculations for femoral neck strength were acquired from DXA-derived HSA software. Results: No differences were found between male athletes and controls for unadjusted BMC at total body or regional sites. After covarying for fat mass (kg), male athletes displayed greater BMC at the lumbar spine (p = 0.001), dominant proximal femur (p = 0.001) and dominant leg (p = 0.03) than male controls. No differences were found in distal tibial bone geometry, bone strength at the distal tibia or HSA-derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck between male athletes and controls. Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 0.71), total muscle CSA explained 43.5% of variance in BSI at the distal tibia, and femur length and neck of femur CSA explained 33.4% of variance at the femoral neck. In females, athletes displayed greater unadjusted BMC at the proximal femur (+3.9 ±1.4 g, p = 0.01), dominant femoral neck (+0.5 ± 0.12 g, p = 0.01) and dominant tibia (+4.1 ± 2.1 g, p = 0.05) than female controls. After covarying for fat mass (kg), female athletes displayed greater (p = 0.001) total body, dominant proximal femur and dominant leg BMC than female controls. Female athletes also showed greater distal tibial cortical CSA (+30.9 ± 9.5 mm2, p = 0.003), total muscle (+240.2 ± 86.4 mm2, p = 0.03) and extensor muscle (+46.9 ±19.5 mm2, p = 0.02) CSA, smaller medullary cavity (-32.3 ± 14.7 mm2, p = 0.03) CSA and greater BSI at the distal tibia (+28037 ± 8214.7 g/cm3.mm4, p = 0.002) than female controls. Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 65), hours of physical weekly activity and total muscle CSA explained 58.3% of the variance of distal tibial BSI, and neck of femur CSA accounted for 64.6% of the variance in a marker of femoral neck HSA. Conclusion: High training loads are associated with positive musculoskeletal outcomes in adolescent middle-distance runners compared to non-athletic controls. Exposure to similar high training loads may advantage female adolescent athletes, more than male adolescent athletes compared with less active peers in bone strength at the distal tibia.
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Greene, David. "Exercise type, musculoskeletal health and injury risk factors in adolescent middle-distance runners." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2005. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/20c126266dc3e703ede019fdb5ca4fa7a4da311765824692f2ab323fca88bfc9/7737634/02whole.pdf.

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Adolescent growth provides a unique opportunity for the growing body to adapt to external stimuli. A positive association between site-specific mechanical loading and increases in regional bone mineral content (BMC) during adolescence is established. Mechanical loads associated with middle-distance running expose the skeleton to a combination of compressive ground reaction forces and muscular contraction. Previous studies concerning musculoskeletal health in active adolescents are largely limited to planar, two-dimensional measures of bone mineral status, using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Intrinsic bone material properties are accurately measured using DXA. However, the interaction between bone material and structural properties that reflects the mechanical integrity of bone require a combination of imaging modalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a three-dimensional geometric and biomechanical assessment of bone. When MRI is integrated with DXA technology, an effective non-invasive method of assessing in vivo bone strength is achieved. The impact of high training volumes on musculoskeletal development of male and female adolescent athletes engaged in repetitive, high magnitude mechanical loading has not been investigated. Specifically, differences in total body and regional bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, bone biomechanical indices and bone strength at differentially-loaded skeletal sites have not been compared between adolescent middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched non-athletic controls.;Objectives: (i) to investigate the effects of intense sports participation involving mechanical loading patterns on bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, biomechanical indices and estimated regional bone strength between elite adolescent male and female middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched controls (ii) to examine factors predictive of total body BMC, distal tibial bone geometry, distal tibial bone strength, and Hip Strength Analysis (HSA)- derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck. Methods: Four groups of 20 adolescents were comprised of male (mean (SD) age 16.8 REPLACE2 0.6 yr, physical activity 14.1 REPLACE2 5.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 REPLACE2 1.7 yr, physical activity 8.9 REPLACE2 2.1 hr.wk-1) middle-distance runners, and male (16.4 REPLACE2 0.7 yr, physical activity 2.2 REPLACE2 0.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 REPLACE2 1.8 yr, physical activity 2.0 REPLACE2 0.07 hr.wk-1) controls. Total body and regional BMC were calculated using DXA. Distal tibial bone and muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) were assessed using MRI. To calculate distal tibial bone strength index (BSI), a region of interest representing 10% of the mid distal tibia was analysed for DXA-derived bone mineral and was combined with bone geometry and biomechanical properties from MRI assessments. Calculations for femoral neck strength were acquired from DXA-derived HSA software. Results: No differences were found between male athletes and controls for unadjusted BMC at total body or regional sites. After covarying for fat mass (kg), male athletes displayed greater BMC at the lumbar spine (p = 0.001), dominant proximal femur (p = 0.001) and dominant leg (p = 0.03) than male controls. No differences were found in distal tibial bone geometry, bone strength at the distal tibia or HSA-derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck between male athletes and controls.;Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 0.71), total muscle CSA explained 43.5% of variance in BSI at the distal tibia, and femur length and neck of femur CSA explained 33.4% of variance at the femoral neck. In females, athletes displayed greater unadjusted BMC at the proximal femur (+3.9 REPLACE21.4 g, p = 0.01), dominant femoral neck (+0.5 REPLACE2 0.12 g, p = 0.01) and dominant tibia (+4.1 REPLACE2 2.1 g, p = 0.05) than female controls. After covarying for fat mass (kg), female athletes displayed greater (p = 0.001) total body, dominant proximal femur and dominant leg BMC than female controls. Female athletes also showed greater distal tibial cortical CSA (+30.9 REPLACE2 9.5 mm2, p = 0.003), total muscle (+240.2 REPLACE2 86.4 mm2, p = 0.03) and extensor muscle (+46.9 REPLACE219.5 mm2, p = 0.02) CSA, smaller medullary cavity (-32.3 REPLACE2 14.7 mm2, p = 0.03) CSA and greater BSI at the distal tibia (+28037 REPLACE2 8214.7 g/cm3.mm4, p = 0.002) than female controls. Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 65), hours of physical weekly activity and total muscle CSA explained 58.3% of the variance of distal tibial BSI, and neck of femur CSA accounted for 64.6% of the variance in a marker of femoral neck HSA. Conclusion: High training loads are associated with positive musculoskeletal outcomes in adolescent middle-distance runners compared to non-athletic controls. Exposure to similar high training loads may advantage female adolescent athletes, more than male adolescent athletes compared with less active peers in bone strength at the distal tibia.
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Books on the topic "Middle distance runners"

1

Alex, Reid, ed. Running from middle distance to marathon. A & C Black, 2009.

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Modern Training and Physiology for Middle and Long-Distance Runners. Running Writings, 2013.

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Jones, J. Graham. Antecedents of multidimensional competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in elite intercollegiate middle-distance runners. 1990.

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The effects of orally ingested sodium bicarbonate on short duration maximal exercise in trained middle distance runners. 1985.

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Youth and Teen Running Encyclopedia: A Complete Guide for Middle and Long Distance Runners Ages 6 To 18. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.

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Run with the Best: A Coach's Guide to Training Middle & Long Distance Runners (Based on the Cervtty & Lydiard Models). 2nd ed. Tafnews Pr, 2001.

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The effect of caffeine on the respiratory exchange ratio of separate submaximal arms and legs exercise of middle distance runners. 1985.

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The effect of caffeine on the respiratory exchange ratio of separate submaximal arms and legs exercise of middle distance runners. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Middle distance runners"

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Borenstein, Hannah. "Naturalised East African Long-Distance Runners in the Middle East." In Routledge Handbook of Sport in the Middle East. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003032915-35.

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Vemula, Chennakeshavulu, Tamali Mondal, Aishwarya Andugula, Maheshwar Mekam, and Suresh Challa. "Evaluation of Physical and Physiological Parameters Among Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8297-0_16.

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Blagrove, Richard C., Philip E. Kearney, and Karla L. Drew. "Nurturing Young Distance Runners." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-22.

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Cole, Matthew, Richard C. Blagrove, Meghan A. Brown, Jennie Carter, and Justin D. Roberts. "Nutritional Requirements for Distance Runners." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-5.

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Galbraith, Andy. "Physiological Assessment of Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-8.

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Diss, Ceri E., and Arran Parmar. "Performance Decline in Master Endurance Runners." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-24.

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Bramah, Christopher A. "Common Overuse Injuries in Runners and Injury Risk Factors." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-4.

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Maughan, Ronald J., and Michael Gleeson. "The endurance athlete." In The Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199208289.003.0005.

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This chapter assesses the energy and oxygen cost of prolonged submaximal exercise, looking at the endurance athlete. Based on the physiological and biochemical demands of the events, the runners' distinction between middle-distance and long distance is a realistic one. At the longer distances, lasting about thirty minutes or more, anaerobic metabolism plays only a small role in energy supply. In the longer events, successful performers are characterized by a high capacity to use fat as a fuel. This requires a highly developed cardiovascular system to supply oxygen to the working muscles and a high activity in the muscles of the enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism. The chapter then considers fat oxidation, the metabolism of pyruvate derived from glycolysis, and the mechanisms of fatigue in prolonged submaximal exercise.
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Casado, Arturo, and Leif Inge Tjelta. "Training Volume and Intensity Distribution among Elite Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." In The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088912-10.

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Mse, Elizabeth, Edwin K. Wamukoya, Roselyne A. Odiango, and Victor O. Ashiali. "Investigating the Practices of Supplements as Performance Enhancing Substances among Kenyan Elite Middle and Long Distance Runners." In Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v6/2157f.

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Conference papers on the topic "Middle distance runners"

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Kuznetsova, Zinaida, Alexander Morozov, and Alexander Kuznetsov. "The Experimental Method of Middle Distance Runners Hypoxic Training." In 6th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006874300840090.

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Dmitrieva, Iunna Viktorovna. "Development of special endurance in highly qualified middle distance runners." In International Research-to-practice conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-112915.

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Das, Nantu, and Sumanta Kumar Mandal. "Data Analysis and Qualitative Assessment of 1500-meter Female Middle Distance Runners." In 2021 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation (ComPE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compe53109.2021.9751939.

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"Methods and Characteristics of Physical Training in College Middle and Long-distance Runners." In 2018 4th International Conference on Education, Management and Information Technology. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icemit.2018.014.

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Ghermanov, Ghenady, Yuri Kuptsov, Ekaterina Tsukanova та Victoria Bocharova. "Планирование тренировочных заданий в микроциклах подготовки юных бегунов на средние дистанции при развитии локальной выносливости". У Congresul Ştiinţific Internaţional "Sport. Olimpism. Sănătate". State University of Physical Education and Sport, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52449/soh22.57.

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The article includes scientific and practical recommendations for middle-distance runners of local muscle endurance perfection by means of purposeful influence on the muscle system. This is to be done through exercise using training equipment in different oppressive regimes with effort quantity and load parameters assigned.
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Marko, David. "Comparison of results of spiroergometry on running and bicycle ergometer of athletes with running and cycling specialization." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-17.

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Purpose: A choice between a running or bicycle ergometer is not possible in every labora-tory. Significant differences may appear in measuring results of ergometers with different load specificity. The objective of our paper is to determine a difference in values measured during a spiroergometry test on a bicycle ergometer and a running ergometer in adolescent endurance sportsmen, with different specializations, for mountain cyclists and middle- and long-distance runners. Methods:The experiment involved 10 cyclists and 10 runnersat the national top level. The cyclists and runners were dividedin two groups: one half of the tested group completed the first test on a running ergometer and the other on a bicycle ergometer. The test on the other ergometer was taken after three days’ time. The progressed load test up to “vita maxima” was used for both ergometers. The examined parameters included values of VO2max, VT, VE, BF, HRmax and WRmax. Results were evaluated in terms of both statistical and substantial significance. Statistical significance was ascertained by means of t-test at the level α = 0.05. Cohen’s d was used to evaluate substantial significance. Results: The results showed substantially significant differences for runners in all examined pa-rameters. Asubstantially significant difference in measurement results of cyclists was discovered for parameters VO2max, V , VE and WRmax. In runners, the mean of values for the most important parameter VO2max reached 60.6 ± 4.24 ml.min-1.kg-1 when running, and 56.0 ± 5.34 ml.min-1.kg-1 when cycling; values reached by cyclists were 56.6 ± 5.16 ml.min-1.kg-1 when running, and 61.30 ± 4.47 ml.min-1.kg-1 when cycling. The only parameter not to correspond with the sportsmen’s specializations was VT, as it revealed larger values on a bicycle also for runners. Conclusion: Results confirmed the correspondence between the load specificity according to the ergometer selected and the specificity of sports pursued. It was proven that it is nec-essary to select a suitable type of appliance for determining VO2max according to the sports pursued.
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QIN, Lang, and Jin YIN. "Physiological and Biochemical Effect of Endurance Training of Altitude Training on Fixed Maximal Oxygen Expenditure in Middle and Long Distance Runners." In 2nd International Conference on Biomedical and Biological Engineering 2017 (BBE 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bbe-17.2017.50.

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Bonova, Iveta, Yulian Karabiberov, Velizar Mihajlov, Borislava Petrova, Georgi Maximov, and Kostadin Kisiov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGES IN THE CARDIO-PULMONARY TEST FOLLOWING A PROLONGED INTERVAL NORMOBARIC HYPOXIC TRAINING OF TRACK AND FIELD MIDDLE AND LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. National Sports Academy "Vassil Levski", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2017/11.

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Tsukanova, Ekaterina, Victoria Bocharova, Yuri Kuptsov та Ghenady Ghermanov. "Структура тренировочных нагрузок девушек-бегуний на 800 метров на этапе предсоревновательной подготовки". У Congresul Ştiinţific Internaţional "Sport. Olimpism. Sănătate". State University of Physical Education and Sport, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52449/soh22.78.

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The effectiveness of increasing the sportsmanship of junior girls in middle distance running is largely determined by the degree of management of training loads. The system of training loads of juniors and young athlete athletes is covered by the general principles of their construction, adopted in sports training, such as the systemic alternation of loads and rest, increased developmental and training effects and the balance of their dynamics, unity of progression and tendency to maximum loads, wave-like dynamics of loads. The leading position of the system for managing the preparation of runners of the athletics reserve provides that the loads should, on the one hand, be adequate to the age characteristics of girls, juniors, young athletes, and on the other, be oriented to the level characteristic of higher sportsmanship. In this case, the total volumes of training load at certain stages of long-term training should be correlated with the stage of higher sportsmanship, its first phase - the norms of loads of masters of sports.
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Ma, Xiangqian, and Xinghai Zhang. "Research on the Nutrition Ways for High Level Middle-Distance Runner." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515763.

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