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1
Findley, Carter Vaughn. "The Middle East in World History: Spatial and Temporal Reorderings." Review of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (June 2020): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2020.23.
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In addition to my primary research specialty in Ottoman history, I prepared to teach the history of the Islamic Middle East from my first year in graduate school onward, and I did so throughout my academic career, including preparing graduate students to teach Ottoman and modern Middle Eastern history. My start in world history came later. Around the time I got tenure, my department decided, for comically bad reasons, to create a single world history course on the twentieth century. Having never witnessed creation ex nihilo in a department meeting before, I volunteered for the course. The department's reasons for creating the course were farcical, but I recognized it as a valuable intellectual property. In the existing state of the pedagogical literature, no one had paused to analyze the issues that made the twentieth century into more than the last chapter of a comprehensive world history book. A couple of years later, just as we finished teaching the course for the first time, an editor came along and asked if I had ever thought about writing a textbook. Yes, I had thought about it. Only I had assumed many years would pass before anyone would ask. Such were the origins of my coauthored Twentieth-Century World, having gone through seven editions from 1986 until 2010. It would be an understatement to say that radical revisions were required for each new edition, given not only the lengthening chronology but also the often radical revisions and improvements in the literature. If this presentation sounds more like a memoir than a research paper, the reason is that my dual lives in Middle Eastern and world history interacted in the pedagogical realm, raising issues that redirected my basic research and theoretical inquiries along the way.
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Beem, Lucas H., Duncan A. Young, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Jingxue Guo, and Sun Bo. "Aerogeophysical characterization of Titan Dome, East Antarctica, and potential as an ice core target." Cryosphere 15, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 1719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1719-2021.
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Abstract. Based on sparse data, Titan Dome has been identified as having a higher probability of containing ice that would capture the middle Pleistocene transition (1.25 to 0.7 Ma). New aerogeophysical observations (radar and laser altimetry) collected over Titan Dome, located about 200 km from the South Pole within the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, were used to characterize the region (e.g., geometry, internal structure, bed reflectivity, and flow history) and assess its suitability as a paleoclimate ice core site. The radar coupled with an available ice core chronology enabled the tracing of dated internal reflecting horizons throughout the region, which also served as constraints on basal ice age modeling. The results of the survey revealed new basal topographic detail and better constrain the ice topographical location of Titan Dome, which differs between community datasets. Titan Dome is not expected to be relevant to the study of the middle Pleistocene transition due to a combination of past fast flow dynamics, the basal ice likely being too young, and the temporal resolution likely being too coarse if 1 Ma ice were to exist.
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Teslenko, Irina. "Ceramics of the Middle East from the Excavation of the Eski-Kermen Site." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.5.
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Introduction. Three exemplars of Middle Eastern fritware of the 12th–13th centuries, which were first discovered on the territory of a Byzantine town on the Eski-Kermen plateau during the excavations in 2018 and 2019, are presented in the article. They belong to the three different decorative groups, which had not been found in the Crimea before and are rather rare in the archaeological sites of Eastern Europe in general. Methods. The methods of archaeology and art history are involved in the study. First of all these are a stratigraphic method for the chronology of the contexts and artifacts, as well as a comparative method to identify the origin of finds. Analysis. The vessels under study belong to different decorative and stylistic groups of oriental ceramics. The plate and one jug find parallels among the products of the Raqqa workshops from the first half to mid 12th century and late 12th to mid 13th century. Another jug most likely comes from Iran and can be dated to the 12th–13th centuries. Results. These kinds of vessels were not very common outside the region of their production. At least we have very little information about these facts now. So the finds from Eski-Kermen are important for expanding the area of distribution of these types of fritwares. In addition, their presence in a small provincial Byzantine town indicates the residence there in the 12th–13th centuries of the local elites, who could get and own such expensive and quite rare things.
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Мимоход, Р. А. "THE ASSAULT OF THE LIVENTSOVKA-KARATAEVO FORTRESS: THE WAR OF THE WORLDS OR THE WAR WITHIN THE WORLD?" Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 266 (October 4, 2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.266.79-96.
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Статья посвящена анализу материалов Ливенцовско-Каратаевской крепости, которые свидетельствуют, что в финале среднего бронзового века она пала в результате массированного штурма. Приводится историографический анализ подходов к решению проблемы на предмет культурной атрибуции осаждавших ее отрядов. Анализ кремневых наконечников, которыми усеян памятник, показывает, что стрелы не могли принадлежать воинам колесничных культур начала поздней бронзы. События, развернувшиеся вокруг крепости, связаны с набегом носителей южных предкавказских традиций культурного круга Лола. Этот факт подтверждают данные стратиграфии и культурно-типологические сопоставления в контексте системы восточноевропейской хронологии конца средней - начала поздней бронзы. The paper analyzes materials from the Liventsovka-Karataevo fortress which indicate that during the final stage of the Middle Bronze Age the fortress fell during a massive assault. The paper contains historiographic analysis of the approaches used to address the issue regarding cultural attribution of the besieging troops. The analysis of flint arrowheads scattered all over the site shows that they could not belong to the warriors of the chariot-using cultures dated to the early period of the Late Bronze Age. The events that unfolded around the fortress are linked to an incursion of the people associated with the southern Fore-Caucasus traditions developed within the Lola cultural circle. This fact is confirmed by the stratigraphic data and cultural and typological comparison in the system of the East European chronology of the end of the Middle Bronze Age - beginning of the Late Bronze Age.
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Manning, Sturt W., David A. Sewell, and Ellen Herscher. "Late Cypriot I A maritime trade in action: underwater survey at MaroniTsaroukkasand the contemporary east Mediterranean trading system." Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (November 2002): 97–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017354.
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The period from the late Middle Bronze Age to the start of the Late Bronze Age in the Levant, largely coeval with the Canaanite, ‘Hyksos“, 15th Dynasty of Egypt, is characterized by the appearance of Late Cypriot I A ceramics at a number of key sites in the east Mediterranean. The exact absolute dates to apply to this period have been the subject of controversy, in part inter-linked with debate over the date of the eruption of Thera, but scholarship recognises that this visible horizon of international trade must have been of considerable significance, especially on Cyprus itself. Here a dramatic shift in settlement to the coastal areas of the island at the beginning of the Late Cypriot period has long been recognized; this is also the time period of the formation of larger complex socio-political entities at the sites on Cyprus which go on to comprise the Late Cypriot ‘urban“ civilisation. Tombs of the relevant Middle Cypriot III–Late Cypriot I period are well known on Cyprus, but stratified settlement contexts on Cyprus, yet alone contexts directly related to such international trade, are scarce to non-existent. We report finds of just such direct relevance from a (currently) unique deposit as a result of an initial investigation of the seabed off the Late Cypriot site of MaroniTsaroukkason the south coast of Cyprus (MTSB Site 1). Consideration of these finds provides important new evidence for the Late Cypriot I A period; they also indicate routes to more sophisticated analyses of Cypriot–east Mediterranean interaction and the resolution of current problems in chronology. In particular, a review of Late Cypriot I A connections highlights the need to emphasise the central importance of the Canaanite pre-18th Dynasty (late Middle Bronze Age) world to the formative development of both Late Bronze Age Cyprus, and the Late Bronze Age Aegean.
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Mason, Robert B. "Early mediaeval Iraqi Lustre-painted and associated wares: typology in a multidisciplinary study." Iraq 59 (1997): 15–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900003338.
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The study of ceramics in the mediaeval Middle East has traditionally been divided into two separate fields, those of archaeology and art history. Archaeologists have generally focused on the finds from their own sites, seeking only precise comparanda for publication. High-quality glazed ceramics such as lustre-wares were made in a restricted number of centres and distributed over a very large area, and thus may be a small percentage of the total ceramic assemblage. No archaeologist constrained to analysis of material from their own site has ever had the opportunity to examine the fine wares as a complete corpus. Broad all-encompassing approaches to the fine wares have only been attempted by art historians utilizing traditional connoisseurship techniques and focusing on the whole vessels which have appeared on the art market since the nineteenth century.This paper represents the reporting of a component of a larger study that is the first attempt at providing a chronology for Middle Eastern élite glazed wares dating from about 700 to 1340 (all dates are in the “common era” or AD) based on the methodologies of archaeological ceramic study. This forms part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study, including the application of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X-ray spectroscopy and petrographic analysis.
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Epimakhov, Andrey V. "RADIOCARBON ARGUMENTS FOR THE ABASHEVO ORIGIN OF THE SINTASHTA TRADITIONS IN THE BRONZE AGE." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-51-60.
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The article compares the chronology of some Bronze Age cultural traditions in the Volga river region and Southern Urals. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis of oncoming migration flows of carriers of the Abashevo and Seima-Turbino traditions by determination of chronological positions for territorial groups based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates series. The groups were formed according to the cultural and territorial principle (Abashevo sites in the Volga and Ural regions, Sintashta sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals, Seima-Turbino sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals). A critical analysis and statistical verification of the reliability for the series were carried out. It made possible to abandon the use of some dates (outliers) and form intervals for all possible cases. As a result, an acute shortage of quality dating for the Pre-Urals Abashevo, Sintashta and Seima-Turbino traditions, as well as the need to check the available results for the distortion of the reservoir effect was noted. The latter was reliably diagnosed in a number of cases when the full study procedure was carried out. The earliest were the Abashevo materials of the Middle Volga and, apparently, the Seima-Turbino of Western Siberia (the last third of the 3rd millennium сal BC). Other groups form similar intervals (end of the 21st–18th centuries cal BC). This indirectly confirms the version of two oncoming migration flows, the Urals became the zone of contact and interaction of them. The first flow is the Abashevo movement from west to east and further to south and southeast, the second one is Seima-Turbino — from east to west. Archaeological traces of the interaction are well captured, but the chronological determination of the contacts and their duration requires an increase in all series sufficient for applying statistical procedures (with the exception of the Trans-Ural Sintashta series).
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Boone, Samuel C., Barry P. Kohn, Andrew J. W. Gleadow, Christopher K. Morley, Christian Seiler, and David A. Foster. "Birth of the East African Rift System: Nucleation of magmatism and strain in the Turkana Depression." Geology 47, no. 9 (August 12, 2019): 886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46468.1.
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Abstract The Turkana Depression of northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia contains voluminous plume-related basalts that mark the onset of the Paleogene–recent East African Rift System (EARS) at ca. 45 Ma. Thus, the Turkana Depression is crucial to understanding the inception of intracontinental rifting. However, the precise chronology of early rift-basin formation in Turkana is poorly constrained. We present apatite fission-track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology data from basement rocks from the margins of the north-south–trending Lokichar Basin that constrain the onset of rift-related cooling. Thermal history modeling of these data documents pronounced Eocene to Miocene denudational cooling of the basin-bounding Lokichar fault footwall. These results, along with ∼7 km of Paleogene to middle Miocene syn-rift strata preserved in the Lokichar fault hanging wall, suggest that formation of the Lokichar Basin began as early as ca. 45–40 Ma. Preexisting lithospheric heterogeneities inherited from earlier Mesozoic rifting and Eocene plume magmatism likely facilitated the broadly concurrent nucleation of strain in the Turkana Depression, up to ∼15 m.y. earlier than EARS initiation elsewhere. Late Paleogene extension in the Lokichar Basin and other parts of Turkana significantly predate the Miocene creation of pronounced plume-related topography in East Africa, suggesting that other mechanism(s), such as far-field stresses or mantle basal drag, likely played a critical role during EARS inception.
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Cohen, Ariel. "Teaching The Astronomical Visualization Used For The Explanation Of The Ancient Ein-Gedi Archaeological Zodiac And Its Related Inscription." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v9i2.10415.
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In teaching the history of astronomy, mosaics found at ancient synagogues in the Middle East are invaluable. The ancient Zodiac signs forming such mosaics are related to the seasons indicating the fact that the precession of the Earth axis had been neglected or even unknown. We demonstrate that the sage’s derivations of the patriarch’s ages in the chronology of the Septuagint version of the bible correspond to the signs of the zodiac, an assumption supported, for example, by the inscription found in the ruins of the Jewish synagogue in Ein-Gedi. Through our astronomical calculations we solve the sun-moon conjunctions occurring at the beginning of the zodiac signs – at the Vernal Equinox - considering the real sun's orbit. Since the Septuagint version of the bible is assumed to have been translated into Greek in the 3rd century BC from an earlier existing Hebrew source, the fact that the ages of the patriarchs correspond to the observations of the real sun's motion, leads to the conclusion that the Septuagint version is an important book of the history of science. As a result of our findings, the bible can, thus, be regarded as one of the most ancient detailed scientific teaching sources leading to improved astronomical models which determined the planetary orbits.
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Dr Rizwana Naqvi. "MASOOD SAAD SALMAN." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i2.123.
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Masood Saad Salman was a great but unfortunate poet of Lahore. He saw the ruling period of six Ghaznvi sovereigns but passed almost 20 years of his life in prison faultlessly. Masood was a genius of his era who suffered a lot of adversities but didn’t give up, rather than these calamities embellished his art. His ancestors were related to Afghanistan & Middle East but he was born in the lap of Punjab’s heart the ‘Lahore’ so feels like an amorous & loving son of this soil in his poetry. He was the choicest poet of encomium (Qaseeda) yet he has practiced in all pieces of poetry but his afflicted odes which are called ‘Jassiyat’ are masterworks. His encomium and ‘Jassiyat’ are not only a masterpiece of poetry but also become authentic sources of history by their chronology, another special aspect of these ‘Jassiyat’ is the love for r homeland where the poet pulsator like Blackbird in the detachment of his homeland Lahore. His poetry has such artistic qualities that it has bewitched not only the east but western poets & critics are also admirers of him especially prof Brown and Eliot who have translated his poetry and written books on his great art. In Urdu literature he has considered the foremost poet of the Urdu language on the account of Mohammad Oofi and Ameer Khusro however his Urdu Deewan is not available. This article throws light upon the life and art of Masood Saad Salman.
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Vatseba, R. "The Rise of the White Serbia in the Light of the Merovingians’ Thuringia Policy." Problems of World History, no. 17 (January 27, 2022): 42–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-17-2.
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The study offers an analytical overview of the international relations in the territory of the Middle Elbe basin from the 530s until the early 8th century, specifically concerned with the policy of the Merovingian kings towards the former Thuringian kingdom lands and the issue of the rise of White Serbia. The author considers Frankish policy as an influencing factor in slavisation of the discussed region while examining the impact of a wider spectrum of possible factors, in particular, the changes in ecology and the Avar presence in the Middle Danube region. The chronology of the Serbian settlers’ arrival into the Middle Elbe valley as well as their political & legal status in that land are specified. The author discusses the issue of the White Serbs’ initial foreign policy orientation and investigates the causes, direction, time & consequences of its change. The main research content is complemented by the excurses on the climatic crisis of the Late Antique Little Ice Age and chosen aspects of the Avars’ & the White Serbs’ early ethnic history.
The author develops W. Fritze’s hypothesis of the Merovingians’ active involvement and support of the Serbian immigration into the Middle Elbe and Saale region together with an idea of anti-Avar direction of this measure. Whereas, the results of the study have rejected the assumptions, that the Elbe Germans abandonment of the area to the east of the Elbe and Saale at the end of the third quarter of the 6th century was caused by the Frankish-Avar agreement or Slavic pressure. The author concludes that the first group of the Serbian settlers arrived to the Middle Elbe and Saale from the North-Western Bohemia during the Austrasian king Theudebert ІІ’s reign, probably, at the invitation of the famous Brunhilda, receiving the lands in Thuringia’s border zone as the Frankish foederati. The interconnection between the initial successes of the Merovingians’ Serbian policy in the east of Thuringia during the first decades of the 7th century and the settlement of the Croats & Serbs in the Balkans by the emperor Heraclius is revealed. It has been demonstrated that further expansion of the White Serbia’s territory from the 630s was of spontaneous nature and took place under the circumstances of the collapsed Merovingian control over Thuringia.
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Panyushkina, Irina P., Steven W. Leavitt, Todd A. Thompson, Allan F. Schneider, and Todd Lange. "Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings." Quaternary Research 70, no. 3 (November 2008): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.08.006.
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AbstractUntil now, availability of wood from the Younger Dryas abrupt cooling event (YDE) in N. America ca. 12.9 to 11.6 ka has been insufficient to develop high-resolution chronologies for refining our understanding of YDE conditions. Here we present a multi-proxy tree-ring chronology (ring widths, “events” evidenced by microanatomy and macro features, stable isotopes) from a buried black spruce forest in the Great Lakes area (Liverpool East site), spanning 116 yr at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP. During this largely cold and wet period, the proxies convey a coherent and precise forest history including frost events, tilting, drowning and burial in estuarine sands as the Laurentide Ice Sheet deteriorated. In the middle of the period, a short mild interval appears to have launched the final and largest episode of tree recruitment. Ultimately the tops of the trees were sheared off after death, perhaps by wind-driven ice floes, culminating an interval of rising water and sediment deposition around the base of the trees. Although relative influences of the continental ice sheet and local effects from ancestral Lake Michigan are indeterminate, the tree-ring proxies provide important insight into environment and ecology of a N. American YDE boreal forest stand.
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Grushin, S. P., I. V. Merts, V. K. Merts, V. V. Ilyushina, and A. V. Fribus. "Semiyarka IV burial complex of the Middle Bronze Age (Eastern Kazakhstan)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(53) (May 28, 2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-53-2-5.
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The paper is aimed at the analysis of the Middle Bronze Age materials from the Semiyarka IV burial ground in East Kazakhstan. In 2016–2018, two stone fences on the site were investigated by a joint expedition of the Altai and Pavlodar State Universities. The two fences contained human burials, inhumed in a wooden structure and in a composite stone cist box. The purpose of this work is to determine regional features and chronology of the Semiyarka IV funerary complex, as well as details of the ethnocultural development of the local population in the Middle Bronze Age. The research methodology includes analyses of the planigraphy and stratigraphy, compara-tive and typological study of the artifacts, anthropological investigation, examination of the pottery manufacturing technology, and radiocarbon dating. The technical and technological analysis of the pottery production was car-ried out using the method of A.A. Bobrinsky. Radiocarbon dates from wood and human bone samples were ob-tained by the liquid scintillation method in the archaeological technology laboratory of the Institute for the History of the Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The dates were then calibrated using CALIB 8.2 program and IntCal 20 calibration curve. The body of collected data allows us to conclude that the Andronovo burial ground of Semiyarka IV is distinguished by its syncretism which is manifested in two different cultural com-ponents. The first component, ‘Central Kazakhstan’, is represented by the architectural traditions of building stone fences and graves cemented with a clay mortar, as well as by the presence of chamotte in the pottery containing additives traditional for the population of Central Kazakhstan. The second component, ‘Siberian’, is represented by the tradition of building wooden crypts, and in the ceramics complex, by some peculiar ornamental patterns typical of the eastern Ob River valley. The site is dated to the turn of the 18th/17th –16th c. BC. The architectural similarities of the Semiyarka IV burial ground structures with the Yenisei sites suggest that their origin is associ-ated with the Irtysh River region. The migration period of the mobile Andronovo communities to the northeast is dated to the 17th c. BC.
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Klepikov, Valeriy, and Alexandr Djachenko. "To Anatoly Stepanovich Skripkin – Scientist, Teacher and Friend." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (October 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.4.1.
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Anatoly S. Skripkin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor is turning 80 this year. Anatoly S. Skripkin is one of the prominent experts in the field of Sarmatian archaeology. He has started his research in the 60s of the 20th century and made a huge contribution to the study of Early, Middle and Late Sarmatian cultures. His articles and monographs are well known in the scientific world. Having carefully studied the features of the funeral rite, accompanying inventory, and built the chronology and periodization of Sarmatian history, he consistently moved to ethnohistorical reconstructions, offering a complex and logical picture of the history of Iranian-speaking nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes in the Early Iron Age. At the same time, Anatoly S. Skripkin became one of the founders of Volgograd archaeology, forming a close-knit team of scientists involved in various areas of Sarmatian history, including interdisciplinary research. He was also one of the first teachers and organizers of young Volgograd State University. The scientist s achievements were appreciated by the management and scientific community – Anatoly S. Skripkin is an Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation, an Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, and has received many awards. Despite his age, the researcher actively participates in science projects, supervises the training of postgraduate students, and takes part in expeditions. He is a tireless traveler. His visit to India, teaching in China and his travels in Egypt have given precise observations to lectures on the history of the Ancient East, and have given a different perspective to his works on the contacts of the Sarmatian world with eastern countries. We congratulate the dear anniversary celebrant on his birthday, wish him strength, health and new creative achievements.
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Wengrow, David, Robert Carter, Gareth Brereton, Mary Shepperson, Sami Jamil Hamarashi, Saber Ahmed Saber, Andrew Bevan, et al. "GURGA CHIYA AND TEPE MARANI: NEW EXCAVATIONS IN THE SHAHRIZOR PLAIN, IRAQI KURDISTAN." Iraq 78 (November 3, 2016): 253–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2016.6.
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Gurga Chiya and Tepe Marani are small, adjacent mounds located close to the town of Halabja in the southern part of the Shahrizor Plain, one of the most fertile regions of Iraqi Kurdistan. Survey and excavation at these previously unexplored sites is beginning to produce evidence for human settlement spanning the sixth to the fourth millennia, c. 5600–3300 cal. b.c. In Mesopotamian chronology this corresponds to the Late Neolithic through to Chalcolithic periods; the Halaf, Ubaid, and Uruk phases of conventional culture history. In Iraqi Kurdistan, documentation of these periods—which witnessed many important transformations in prehistoric village life—is currently very thin. Here we offer a preliminary report on the emerging results from the Shahrizor Plain, with a particular focus on the description of material culture (ceramic and lithic assemblages), in order to establish a benchmark for further research. We also provide a detailed report on botanical remains and accompanying radiocarbon dates, which allow us to place this new evidence in a wider comparative framework. A further, brief account is given of Late Bronze Age material culture from the upper layers at Gurga Chiya. We conclude with observations on the significance of the Shahrizor Plain for wider research into the later prehistory of the Middle East, and the importance of preserving and investigating its archaeological record.
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Clague, John J., and William H. Mathews. "The sedimentary record and Neoglacial history of Tide Lake, northwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-186.
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Tide Lake was the largest glacier-dammed lake in British Columbia before its demise in the early twentieth century. Situated in the northern Coast Mountains, the lake was impounded by Frank Mackie Glacier and its Neoglacial end moraine. A study of Tide Lake has provided information on styles of glaciolacustrine sedimentation and the chronology of the Neoglacial interval.Much of the sediment underlying the floor of Tide Lake was transported by subglacial and proglacial meltwater streams flowing from nearby glaciers. During the last phase of the lake, large subaqueous fans were built in front of Berendon and Frank Mackie glaciers, and deltas formed on the east side of the basin. Rhythmically bedded fine sediments, which cover much of the lake floor but are almost completely lacking on the slopes above, were deposited from underflows originating on deltas and subaqueous fans and by fallout from interflows and overflows.Three major and one minor lake phases are recognized from stratigraphic, geomorphic, radiocarbon, and dendrochronological data: the earliest phase is undated, but older than 3000 BP (1300 B.C.); the second phase has yielded radiocarbon ages of 2600–2700 BP (800–1000 B.C.); a third, minor phase, during which Tide Lake was restricted to the northern part of the basin, began before 1600 BP (A.D. 350–550) and probably ended a few hundred years later; the last phase may have begun as early as 1000 BP (A.D. 1000–1150), peaked in the seventeenth century, and ended in the early twentieth century. During each of the four phases, Tide Lake fluctuated in a complex fashion and at times was empty. The second phase corresponds to a widely recognized middle Neoglacial advance in western North America; the last phase is coincident with the Little Ice Age. Outburst floods from Tide Lake in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries devastated Bowser River valley as far downstream as Bowser Lake. The last of the floods occurred around A.D. 1930 when the Frank Mackie moraine was breached and the lake emptied for the last time.
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Zander, A., and A. Hilgers. "Testing the potential of OSL, TT-OSL, IRSL and post-IR IRSL luminescence dating on a Middle Pleistocene sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Russia." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 5 (September 28, 2012): 4779–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-4779-2012.
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Abstract. Lake El'gygytgyn is a 12 km wide crater lake located in remote Chukotka in the far East Russian Arctic about 100 km to the north of the Arctic Circle. It was formed by a meteorite impact about 3.58 Ma ago. This study tests the paleomagnetic and proxy data-based Mid- to Late-Pleistocene sediment deposition history using novel luminescence dating techniques of sediment cores taken from the centre of the 175 m deep lake. For dating polymineral and quartz fine grains (4–11 μm grain size range) were extracted from nine different levels from the upper 28 m of sediment cores 5011-1A and 5011-1B. Polymineral sub-samples were analysed by infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and post-IR infra-red stimulated luminescence (post-IR IRSL) using single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) sequences. SAR protocols were further applied to measure the blue light optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermally-transferred OSL (TT-OSL) of fine-grained quartz supplemented by a multiple aliquot TT-OSL approach. According to an independent age model, the lowest sample from 27.8–27.9 m below lake bottom level correlates to the Brunhes-Matuyama (B/M) reversal. Finally, the SAR post-IR-IRSL protocol applied to polymineral fine grains was the only luminescence technique able to provide dating results of acceptable accuracy up to ca. 700 ka. Major factors limiting precision and accuracy of the luminescence chronology are, for some samples, natural signals already approaching saturation level, and overall the uncertainty related to the sediment water content and its variations over geological times.
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Gadjiev, Murtazali S., Arsen L. Budaychiev, Abdula M. Abdulaev, and Askerkhan K. Abiev. "EXCAVATION OF DERBENT SETTLEMENT IN 2019." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 519–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch182519-542.
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The article is dedicated to the results of 2019 season excavations of Derbent settlement which existed before construction of the Derbent defensive complex at the end of 560-s. This settlement was gradually left after the construction of a new city given the new name Derbent (Darband). The cultural layers and the construction remains (rooms No. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) of the 5-th – 6-th centuries AD, the medieval Muslim burials (No. 31-37) which have been dug in the layer of the settlement were open in the southern sector of the excavation area XXV.
The revealed complex of inhabited and economic constructions including 11 rooms is dated the 5th century AD on the basis of chronological indicators (bronze belt buckles, fibula) and other archeological finds (including, Sasanian pottery). Authors consider that this complex has stopped existence during the military-political events of the middle of the 5th century or of the beginning of the 6th century, namely in the period of an anti-Sasanian revolt of 450-451 or Iran-Savir war of 503-508 AD.
The materials obtained during excavations shed new light on issues of historical topography and layout, stratigraphy and chronology, architecture and construction, economic activity, culture and life of the inhabitants of the Derbent settlement which is identified with the city-fortress of Chor/Chol known for ancient Armenian, Georgian, Syrian, Early Byzantine and Arab authors and which was the important administrative, military and religious center of East Caucasus. The received materials characterize culture.
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SHPYK, Igor. "PERIODIZATION OF SOUTH-EAST SLAVIC RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE MIDDLE AGES: OVERVIEW OF MAIN APPROACHES." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3073.
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Background:The deepening of knowledge about the religious and cultural links between the southern and eastern Slavs during the Middle Ages requires deep scientific reflection, comprehensive understanding of all the best practices, especially from the point of view of modern methodological approaches. It has been done a lot at the level of narrow specializations, codicology, philology, paleography, art criticism, but in general, the significant changes have not happened in summarizing the results of these various studies, which makes it impossible to create a clearer picture of the process as a whole, in motion and variety of manifestations. An important step in this direction should be the development of general periodization, which would take into considerationthe key phenomena not only of literary and literary life, but also of all other spheres of these relations. An important step in this direction should be the development of general periodization, which would take into consideration the key phenomena not only of book and literary life, but also of all other spheres of these relations. Purpose: Taking into account the vastness of the research topic, it is worth noting that the author does not aim to deeply and comprehensively analyze all the works that in one way or another determine the chronology of the main stages of medieval religious and cultural relations between the Orthodox Slavs. Many of these publications, moreover, express their views on the temporal markers of the process in question, which largely coincide with already established periodization (sometimes partially modified by binding to the turning points of the history of the Balkan countries, or Rus, or taking into consideration specific features of the interaction process itself). Therefore, the object of our consideration was only those works that were most important for the development, supplementation, concretization or change of the periodization of the Southeastern Slavic relations in the Middle Ages as a whole or in some of its stages; as well as those that contain important considerations and remarks regarding the dating of the underlying phenomena of the process. Results: The problem of the periodization of South-East Slavic religious-cultural interaction during the Middle Ages remains actual and needs special and priority attention. The criteria and, in general, the schemes of chronological systematization of the material, developed by previous generations of scientists, are largely outdated and contain conflicting and incompatible points. Their productive revision is possible only if a comprehensive comparison and generalization of the results of the study of all major points of contact between the religious and cultural life of Rus and the South Slavic countries. In addition, in this context, time periods are particularly noticeable, such as the second half of the IX–X c., the second half of the XI – the end of the XII c.,the second half of the XIII–the first half of the XIV c., the second half of the XV – the beginning of the XVI c. of which we have too little information, so they seem to be partly lost, fall out of general narratives. Accordingly, a more thorough study of them is potentially able to adjust and refine the stages of this complex and time-consuming process. And, importantly, when it comes to Rus, especially during the late Middle Ages, it is also very important to take into account the local features of its development, in accordance with the borders of the states (Moscow State, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom) that existed in its territory as well as the jurisdictional boundaries of the divided Kyiv Metropolitanate. Keywords: periodization schemes, religious and cultural relations, the Middle Ages, the southern and eastern Slavs, Rus, Bulgaria, Serbia.
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Celka, Zbigniew. "Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-011-0011-0.
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Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castlesThis monograph presents results of research on relics of cultivation and the present vascular flora of sites of medieval fortified settlements and castles in Central Europe. Special attention was paid to 109 West Slavic sites located in Poland, northeastern Germany, and the Czech Republic. For comparison, floristic data were collected also at 21 sites of medieval settlements and castles of Baltic tribes, East Slavs, and Teutonic knights. Results of this study confirm the hypothesis that remnants of medieval fortified settlements and castles are valuable habitat islands in the agricultural landscape, and are refuges of the plants that have accompanied West Slavs since the Middle Ages. At the 109 West Slavic archaeological sites, 876 vascular plant species were recorded. The present flora of the study sites is highly specific, clearly distinct from the surrounding natural environment, as shown by results of analyses of taxonomic composition, geographical-historical and synecological groups, indices of anthropogenic changes of the flora, and degrees of hemeroby (i.e. human influence) at the studied habitats. The sites of fortified settlements and castles are centres of concentration and sources of dispersal of alien species. Aliens account for nearly 21% of the vascular flora of the study sites. Among them, a major role is played by archaeophytes (101 species). Some archaeological sites are characterized by a high contribution of so-called species of old deciduous forests (98 species). Despite many features in common, floras of archaeological sites vary significantly, depending on their geographical location, size, typology, and chronology of their origin. Historical sites occupied in the past by West Slavs differ in the current vascular flora from the sites occupied in the Middle Ages by East Slavs or Baltic tribes and from Teutonic castles. West Slavic archaeological sites are primarily refuges for 22 relics of cultivation. Considering the time of cultivation, 3 groups of relics were distinguished: (i) relics of medieval cultivation (plants cultivated till the late 15thcentury); (ii) relics of cultivation in the modern era (introduced into cultivation in the 16thcentury or later), and (iii) relics of medieval-modern cultivation. These species play a special role in research on the history of the flora of Central Europe and thus also of the world flora. Thus the best-preserved sites of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles should be protected as our both cultural and natural heritage. This work is a key contribution to geobotanical research on transformation of the vegetation associated with human activity. Considering the problem of relics of cultivation it corresponds also to basic ethnobotanical issues.
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BASHTANNIK, Sergey V. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES ON THE TERRITORY OF GORNAYA SHORIA: PALEOSOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RESEARCH." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 6/1 (January 18, 2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-6/1-78-83.
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The aim of this article is a historical and sociological understanding of materials from the era of stone and bronze, accumulated so far as a result of research of the settlement monuments of Gornaya Shoria. The direct subject of paleosociological reconstructions in this work are the migrations of the ancient population. Gornaya Shoria is a historical and cultural region, located in the southern part of the Kuznetsk Basin. In the east and north-east it adjoins the Abakan ridge and the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the south - to the Altai, in the west it is separated from the Salair ridge by the NenyaChumysh ridge. This article is devoted to the cultural and historical interpretation of the archaeological data of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, accumulated to this day as a result of the study of the settlement monuments of the Gornaya Shoria. The first information about the ancient fortifications, mounds and places of worship on the territory of Mountain Shoria was left by military engineers in the 18th century. Archaeological research on the territory of Gornaya Shoria intensified in the late 1970s.The vast majority of monuments of archeology, known in the territory of Gornaya Shoria, have been revealed over the past 30 years. Unfortunately, in the interfluve of the rivers Mrassu and Kondoma, on tributaries of the second and third orders, archaeological reconnaissance has not yet been conducted. Virtually unknown monuments of the early Holocene era (Mesolithic - Neolithic).The study of archaeological monuments of this region was carried out, mainly, on the basis of local museums and they not putting special research aims. Therefore, in this article on the materials of archaeological monuments of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, is considered the interaction of the population of Gornaya Shoria as a historical and cultural region with archaeological cultures of the middle flowing of the river Ob’, the Tom basin, and the Tobol-Irtysh region. Cultural complexes associated with ancient migrations are singled out. Archaeological monuments with pottery of Novokuskovo, Krokhalievo, Mundybash, and comb-pit pottery types are characterized, their relative chronology is suggested. A brief history of archaeological research in Gornaya Shoria is given.
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Diachenko, Dmytro. "Interpretation of T-shaped Antler Artefact from Ostriv Burial Ground." Arheologia, no. 4 (December 23, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.04.072.
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The paper is devoted to one of the categories of equipment of a warrior of the 11th century, discovered at the Western Baltic Ostriv burial ground in Porossia (Middle Dnipro region). The red deer antler item has a T-shaped form, the distance between two longitudinal sections is 13.3 cm, and between the upper hole and the solid wall of the object is 11.3 cm. The lateral holes are not symmetrical: the diameter of the larger one is 4.7 cm, the smaller one — 4 cm, and the upper one — 2.8 cm. Two small drilled holes are located near the last one for fixing a stopper made of organic materials, with the subsequent suspension to the belt with a rope. Near the smaller lateral hole was found an iron plate and the remains of the fabric in which it was wrapped. The weight of the artefact is 190 gr. We assume the sample from Ostriv is a container made from antler. The T-shaped form of the item when suspended by small holes on the upper channel provided for the direction of the main load of the contents on the lower solid wall of the object. The fabric-wrapped metal plate provided a much better sidewall overlap density and could withstand more weight pressure than organic material tires. The contents of the container had to meet the needs of a person whose daily life is directly related to certain military activities, possibly far from the place of permanent residence and regardless of weather conditions. The study history, area of distribution, chronology, and interpretation of the functional purpose of this category of objects are considered. From the given analogies, it is obvious that such a thing was not common, maybe even considered prestigious. We believe that the container from Ostriv was used for compact storage of loose organic and mineral substances — salt, spices, medicinal herbs, etc., preventing the ingress of moisture. The issue of the container origin is debatable, as such artefacts are not typical for the South-East Baltic. Therefore, the Baltic warrior could have obtained it in one of the distribution zones of antler containers at the end of the 10th — the beginning of the 12th century: within the settlement of the Western Slavs in the Elbe and Oder rivers in the north of modern Germany; adopted from the Turkic population of the Eastern European steppes; or it should be connected with the workshop discovered in the Voin stronghold in the Middle Dnipro River. We claim the last case to be the most promising.
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VANYUKOVA, Darya. "2022 Expedition to Mali." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021414-3.
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The 2022 field season (January 23 – February 23) turned out to be very productive: we managed to clarify the history of Dogon migrations from the Mande Country to the Bandiagara Highlands. We received quite complete information on the prophet Abirɛ, who predicted the return of Dogon to their historical homeland and completely new information about Bozo and Bambara puppets. Finally, we acquired many interesting artifacts for the State Museum of Oriental Arts. Due to the inability to arrive to the Dogon Country, it was decided to focus on the area of the city of Bougouni (Sikasso region) in southern Mali and on the Mande Country (regions of Koulikoro and Kayes, from the city of Kangaba in the west to Bamako in the east). Two magnificent, beautifully attributed works of traditional Bambara art were acquired in Bougouni for the collection of the State Museum of Oriental Arts: “Monkey” (Warabilen) and “Wild buffalo” (Sigi; Sigifin) masks. During the expedition, new and very significant data were obtained on the migrations of the Dogon from the Mande Country to the Bandiagara Highlands. A lot of information has now been accumulated regarding how the Dogon came to their new homeland. They were published, including in Russian. But the Manding oral traditions about the exodus of Dogon are still little known. We have partially succeeded in making up for this shortcoming. Oral historical traditions about the exodus of the Dogon from the Mande Country are changeable, internally contradictory and extremely unstable narratives with confused chronology, filled with omissions and vague allusions. However, some conclusions can still be drawn: there is almost no doubt that the root cause of the Dogon leaving for the lifeless rocks of Bandiagara was some kind of difficult and bloody conflict, accompanied by numerous victims. It is also clear that there were several waves of resettlement, and the last Dogon left for the highlands in the middle of the second half of the 19th century. It was also possible to find out that the Bambara and Bozo puppets are not at all a secularized popular theater. The puppet society is associated with the Koré secret society, and is perhaps one of the most powerful Bambara societies, which in this case refers to three ethnic groups: the Bambara proper, the Bozo (Dogon partners in a marriage-prohibitive joking relations) and the Marka (Soninké). Ceremonies involving puppets are completely sacred (only members of the Society take part in them), semi-sacred (only men take part in them), and, finally, publicly available — everyone, including women and children, takes part in them.
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Karolyi, Paul. "Chronology." Journal of Palestine Studies 48, no. 1 (2018): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2018.48.1.s3.
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This is part 139 of a chronology begun by JPS in Spring 1984, and covers events from 16 May to 15 August 2018 on the ground in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) and in the diplomatic sphere, regionally and internationally. The end of the quarter saw the Great March of Return approach its fifth consecutive month of protests along Gaza's border fence with Israel. Palestinian protesters' use of incendiary balloons and devices was the source of much consternation and disproportionate retaliatory force by Israel; and the cessation of these devices eventually became the crux on which a cease-fire agreement hinged. After several failed attempts, a tenuous Egyptian- and UN-backed cease-fire between Israel and Hamas was reached on the last day of the quarter. Meanwhile, U.S. senior advisor Jared Kushner and U.S. special representative Jason Greenblatt toured the Middle East to promote a plan to raise money for the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and to promote their U.S. Palestinian-Israeli peace initiative. The plan was seen by many Palestinians as an effort to delegitimize Palestinian refugees' right to aid and return.
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Gáll, Erwin. "Gergely Csiky, Avar-Age Polearms and Edged Weapons: Classification, Typology, Chronology and Technology. (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 32.) Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015. Pp. xxxi, 529; many black-and-white figures, maps, and diagrams. $250. ISBN: 978-90-04-22661-6." Speculum 93, no. 1 (January 2018): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696087.
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Delvoie, Louis A. "Review: Middle East: A History of the Modern Middle East." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 55, no. 4 (December 2000): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200005500411.
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Brockett, Gavin D. "Middle East History Is Social History." International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, no. 2 (April 10, 2014): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381400018x.
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My engagement with the social history of the Middle East, as I embarked on graduate studies, coincided with Judith Tucker's lamentation in 1990 that it was a field understudied to the point of being largely ignored. I came to the study of this new region with training in the native history of Canada, which had introduced me to the challenges and rewards of reconstructing the stories of people who had been denied agency in a narrative dominated by European conquest and nation-building.
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Gehrels, George, Dominique Giesler, Paul Olsen, Dennis Kent, Adam Marsh, William Parker, Cornelia Rasmussen, et al. "LA-ICPMS U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircon grains from the Coconino, Moenkopi, and Chinle formations in the Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona)." Geochronology 2, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-257-2020.
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Abstract. Uranium–lead (U–Pb) geochronology was conducted by laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) on 7175 detrital zircon grains from 29 samples from the Coconino Sandstone, Moenkopi Formation, and Chinle Formation. These samples were recovered from ∼ 520 m of drill core that was acquired during the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP), located in Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona). A sample from the lower Permian Coconino Sandstone yields a broad distribution of Proterozoic and Paleozoic ages that are consistent with derivation from the Appalachian and Ouachita orogens, with little input from local basement or Ancestral Rocky Mountain sources. Four samples from the Holbrook Member of the Moenkopi Formation yield a different set of Precambrian and Paleozoic age groups, indicating derivation from the Ouachita orogen, the East Mexico arc, and the Permo-Triassic arc built along the Cordilleran margin. A total of 23 samples from the Chinle Formation contain variable proportions of Proterozoic and Paleozoic zircon grains but are dominated by Late Triassic grains. LA-ICPMS ages of these grains belong to five main groups that correspond to the Mesa Redondo Member, Blue Mesa Member and lower part of the Sonsela Member, upper part of the Sonsela Member, middle part of the Petrified Forest Member, and upper part of the Petrified Forest Member. The ages of pre-Triassic grains also correspond to these chronostratigraphic units and are interpreted to reflect varying contributions from the Appalachian orogen to the east, Ouachita orogen to the southeast, Precambrian basement exposed in the ancestral Mogollon Highlands to the south, East Mexico arc, and Permian–Triassic arc built along the southern Cordilleran margin. Triassic grains in each chronostratigraphic unit also have distinct U and thorium (Th) concentrations, which are interpreted to reflect temporal changes in the chemistry of arc magmatism. Comparison of our LA-ICPMS ages with available chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) ages and new magnetostratigraphic data provides new insights into the depositional history of the Chinle Formation, as well as methods utilized to determine depositional ages of fluvial strata. For parts of the Chinle Formation that are dominated by fine-grained clastic strata (e.g., mudstone and siltstone), such as the Blue Mesa Member and Petrified Forest Member, all three chronometers agree (to within ∼ 1 Myr), and robust depositional chronologies have been determined. In contrast, for stratigraphic intervals dominated by coarse-grained clastic strata (e.g., sandstone), such as most of the Sonsela Member, the three chronologic records disagree due to recycling of older zircon grains and variable dilution of syn-depositional-age grains. This results in LA-ICPMS ages that significantly predate deposition and CA-TIMS ages that range between the other two chronometers. These complications challenge attempts to establish a well-defined chronostratigraphic age model for the Chinle Formation.
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Karolyi, Paul. "Chronology." Journal of Palestine Studies 46, no. 3 (2017): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2017.46.3.s3.
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This is part 133 of a chronology begun by the Journal of Palestine Studies in Spring 1984, and covers events from 16 November 2016 to 15 February 2017 on the ground in the occupied Palestinian territories and in the diplomatic sphere, regionally and internationally. Neither the Palestinians nor the Israelis made any effort to resume peace negotiations this quarter. The Palestinians opted to work with outgoing U.S. pres. Barack Obama on a new UN Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements, while the Israelis looked to incoming U.S. pres. Donald Trump for a new regional approach to Middle East peace. Before Trump took office and began backpedaling on his pledge to move the U.S. Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, U.S. secy. of state John Kerry presented six principles for a Palestinian-Israeli peace deal, and the French government hosted an international peace conference in Paris. Meanwhile, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu continued his efforts to marginalize the Palestinian minority and his political opponents to placate the right-wing members of his ruling coalition, who were upset about the evacuation of the illegal Amona settlement outpost. The settler leaders used their leverage with Netanyahu to pass a sweeping new bill retroactively authorizing settlement outposts. For a more comprehensive overview of regional and international developments related to the peace process, see the quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy in JPS 46 (3).
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Norton, Augustus Richard. "Clinton’s Middle East Legacy." Current History 97, no. 615 (January 1, 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1998.97.615.1.
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Francaviglia, Richard. "Mapping the Middle East." Terrae Incognitae 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2019.1574025.
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Norton, Augustus Richard. "Obama's Middle East Headaches." Current History 113, no. 767 (December 1, 2014): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.767.369.
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Lape, Peter V. "Chronology of Fortified Settlements in East Timor." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 1, no. 2 (December 2006): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564890600939409.
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Weinstein, James. "A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: How the High Chronology Became the Middle Chronology." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304 (November 1996): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357440.
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Kyle, Keith. "A history of the Middle East." International Affairs 69, no. 1 (January 1993): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621176.
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Botman, Selma, and Peter Mansfield. "A History of the Middle East." History Teacher 26, no. 1 (November 1992): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494097.
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Mariscotti, Cathlyn. "The Modern Middle East: A History." History: Reviews of New Books 33, no. 3 (January 2005): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2005.10526592.
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Gallagher, Nancy E. "Middle East History: a Review Essay." Digest of Middle East Studies 14, no. 2 (October 2005): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2005.tb00906.x.
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Eum, Ikran. "Family History in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i4.1760.
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The study of families and their histories opens up a cross-disciplinary dialogueamong anthropologists, historians, and other social scientists, includingarea specialists. The content of Doumani’s edited book, Family Historyin the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender, falls convincinglyinto such disciplines as history, anthropology, Middle East studies,women’s/gender studies, and Islamic studies, since the collection of articlesprovides various indepth case studies drawn both from Islam and frompolitical, economic, legal, and social perspectives.The anthology’s main theme suggests that the family is an entity that,along with the progression of history, evolves continuously. By reconstructingthe family histories of elites and ordinary people in the Middle East fromthe seventeenth to the early twentieth century, the book challenges prevailingassumptions about the monolithic “traditional” Middle Eastern familytype. Instead, it argues cogently that the structure and boundaries of thesefamilies have always been flexible and dynamic.The book is divided into four sections that explore issues concerningthe family from the perspective of politics, economics, and law. In the firstsection, “Family and Household,” Philippe Fargues, Tomoki Okawara, andMary Ann Fay analyze the structure of the nineteenth-century family andhousehold and illustrate how its formation was influenced by changes in the ...
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Norton, Augustus Richard. "America's Middle East Peace Crisis." Current History 100, no. 642 (January 1, 2001): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2001.100.642.3.
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Over the past decade it has become fashionable in Washington to believe that only when a situation is ‘ripe’—that is, when the belligerents are ‘hurting’—should the United States expend diplomatic capital, and especially the scarcest resource of all, the president's time, to seek a solution. This perspective exhibits common-sense wisdom, but it also harbors a rationale for avoiding tough, complex issues.
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Hudson, Michael C. "The Middle East in Flux." Current History 110, no. 740 (December 1, 2011): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2011.110.740.364.
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Telhami, Shibley. "Trump's Reckless Middle East Gambles." Current History 117, no. 803 (December 1, 2018): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2018.117.803.359.
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Gualtieri, S. "Revisioning the Colonial Middle East." Radical History Review 2003, no. 86 (April 1, 2003): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-86-193.
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Karmanov, Victor N. "PROBLEMS OF THE FAR NORTH-EAST OF EUROPE ENEOLITHIC CHRONOLOGY." Ural Historical Journal 60, no. 3 (2018): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2018-3(60)-115-125.
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Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., Alexander A. Vasilevski, Sergei V. Gorbunov, G. S. Burr, A. J. Timothy Jull, Lyobov A. Orlova, and Olga A. Shubina. "Chronology of Prehistoric Cultural Complexes of Sakhalin Island (Russian Far East)." Radiocarbon 46, no. 1 (2004): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200039655.
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A chronological framework for the prehistoric cultural complexes of Sakhalin Island is presented based on 160 radiocarbon dates from 74 sites. The earliest 14C-dated site, Ogonki 5, corresponds to the Upper Paleolithic, about 19,500–17,800 BP. According to the 14C data, since about 8800 BP, there is a continuous sequence of Neolithic, Early Iron Age, and Medieval complexes. The Neolithic existed during approximately 8800–2800 BP. Transitional Neolithic-Early Iron Age complexes are dated to about 2800–2300 BP. The Early Iron Age may be dated to about 2500–1300 BP. The Middle Ages period is dated to approximately 1300–300 BP (VII–XVII centuries AD).
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Zhang, Yong, Xiaohua Gou, Fahu Chen, Qinhua Tian, Meilin Yang, Jianfeng Peng, and Keyan Fang. "A 1232-YEAR TREE-RING RECORD OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE QILIAN MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CHINA." IAWA Journal 30, no. 4 (2009): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000228.
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A millennium-long tree-ring width chronology for the middle Qilian Mountains in northwestern China has been developed back to A.D. 775. Correlation analysis indicates that the tree-ring width reflects growingseason moisture variability. Our chronology reveals three distinct periods based on the prevailing moisture anomalies: A.D. 775–1101 (wetness persistence), 1101–1831 (dryness persistence) and 1831–2006 (wetness persistence). A 31-year running mean through the tree-ring index series clearly shows seven obvious dry spells and eight wet spells. Compared with the proxies associated with the East Asian monsoon and the westerlies in the past millennium, our moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronology revealed that the East Asian summer monsoon had a strong influence on tree growth before A.D. 1300. From about A.D. 1450–1750, the westerlies strongly affected the Qilian Mountains. After A.D. 1750, a combined influence of both East Asian monsoon and westerlies was apparent. In the past century, the effect of westerlies has become stronger. Our results suggest that tree rings can preserve the information on the advance and retreats of the westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon. Additionally, this research is helpful for understanding the driving mechanism of the Asian monsoon and the westerlies in northwestern China over the past thousand years.
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Belli, Meriam N. "Zayde Antrim, Mapping the Middle East." Canadian Journal of History 54, no. 1-2 (August 2019): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.54.1-2.11-br31.
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Katz, Mark N. "Soviet Policy in the Middle East." Current History 87, no. 526 (February 1, 1988): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1988.87.526.57.
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Hadar, Leon T. "America’s Moment in the Middle East." Current History 95, no. 597 (January 1, 1996): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.597.1.
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Sargent, Christine. "Disability Rights in the Middle East." Current History 120, no. 830 (December 1, 2021): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.830.346.
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Across the Middle East, two key dynamics characterize disability rights movements: dynamism and fragility. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities accelerated regional recognition of disability as central to human development and social justice initiatives. New communication platforms, legislative interventions, and institutional capacity-building reflect currents of change and innovation—frequently driven by ground-up initiatives led by or in collaboration with disabled persons’ organizations. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic and protracted humanitarian crises pose threats to health and well-being across the region, with grave implications for disabled persons and their movements.