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Books on the topic 'Middle income level'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Maître, Nicolas, and Pelin Sekerler Richiardi. Adopting green measures in exporting firms. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/rbjm6056.

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This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between trade, labour and environmental sustainability by providing empirical evidence at the firm level. For this purpose, it first explores whether exporting firms are more likely than non-exporting firms to adopt green measures. Second, it assesses how labour market outcomes such as productivity, wages, education level of workers, and training provided by firms may vary between green exporters and firms that do not engage in trade or undertake green measures. The study finds that exporting firms have a significantly higher probabi

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Oude Nijhuis, Dennie. Religion, Class, and the Postwar Development of the Dutch Welfare State. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986411.

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This book examines how the Netherlands managed to create and maintain one of the world’s most generous and inclusive welfare systems despite having been dominated by Christian-democratic or ŸconservativeŒ, rather than socialist dominated governments, for most of the post-war period. It emphasizes that such systems have strong consequences for the distribution of income and risk among different segments of society and argues that they could consequently only emerge in countries where middle class groups were unable to utilize their key electoral and strong labor market position to mobilize agai

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Doukali, Mohamed, and Lahcen Bounader. Firm-Level Data and Monetary Policy: The Case of a Middle Income Country. International Monetary Fund, 2019.

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Doukali, Mohamed, and Lahcen Bounader. Firm-Level Data and Monetary Policy: The Case of a Middle Income Country. International Monetary Fund, 2019.

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5

Doukali, Mohamed, and Lahcen Bounader. Firm-Level Data and Monetary Policy: The Case of a Middle Income Country. International Monetary Fund, 2019.

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6

Paskov, Marii, Joan E. Madia, and Tim Goedemé. Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0011.

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This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures p

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Lankester, Ted, and Nathan J. Grills, eds. Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.001.0001.

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The central role of the community and its place in both healthcare planning and service delivery is increasingly seen as a vital foundation for global health. The fourth edition of Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings provides a practical introductory guide to the initiation, management, and sustaining of health care programmes in developing countries. The book has been fully revised to take into account the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and Universal Health Coverage. Taking an evidence-based approach the book provides rational

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Pagè, Fréric, Dominique Maison, and Michael Faulde. Current control strategies for infectious diseases in low-income countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0002.

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The burden of communicable diseases is ten times higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in terms of mortality rate and of years of life lost. Most of the LMCIs are in tropical or subtropical areas with vector-favorable climate conditions and poverty impeding access to improved water supply, sanitation, and efficient health care coverage. Public health strategies to control infectious diseases can be sorted by prevention level. Infectious diseases control strategies often combine actions from different prevention levels according to the stage of a disease. At the individual level, a

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Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah. Najibnomics: Transforming Malaysia to a high-income nation. UUM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876214.

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his book attempts to understand Najibnomics-economic policies advocated by the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, since he helmed office on April 3, 2009. Najibnomics refers to a new approach to Malaysias economic development which is typified by three main characteristics: knowledge, innovation and freedom.It is a set of strategies, programmes and measures meant to transform Malaysia into a high-income and developed nation by the year 2020.This book analyses Najibnomics in action, or rather attempts to problematise Najibnomics at the level of its implementatio

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Rayner, Mike, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Julianne Williams, Karen McColl, and Shanthi Mendis, eds. An Introduction to Population-level Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791188.001.0001.

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This book is based on the content covered during the non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention short course at the University of Oxford. It provides theoretical background and ‘real life case studies’ helping readers to apply the learnings to their day-to-day work. It covers case studies from both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This book is structured around the four stages of the policy cycle: (1) problem definition; (2) solution generation; (3) resource mobilization and implementation; and (4) evaluation. Chapters 2–7 focus on problem definition, which involves u

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Alonso, José Antonio, and José Antonio Ocampo, eds. Trapped in the Middle? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852773.001.0001.

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There is growing evidence that overcoming the low-income threshold and reaching middle-income status is not sufficient for countries to converge toward high-income levels. Few middle-income countries have successfully completed that transit in recent decades, with the majority remaining in the middle-income group, and so facing what has come to be called"the middle-income trap". It is therefore essential to explore whether middle-income traps really exist and, if they do, how these pitfalls are manifested, what their causes are, what economic policy measures are required to escape from them, a

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Lee, Keun. China's Technological Leapfrogging and Economic Catch-up. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847560.001.0001.

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After a miraculous economic growth, spurred by the Beijing Consensus, China is now facing a slowdown. This book deals with the interesting issue of the middle-income trap—the phenomenon of the rapidly growing economy of a country stagnating at the middle-income level—in the context of China. It also discusses China’s limitations and future prospects, especially after the onset of a new “cold war” between China and the US, and in particular whether it would fall into the “Thucydides trap,” the conflict between a rising power and the existing hegemon. This book plays around three key terms, the

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13

Ericsson, Magnus, and Olof Löf. Mining’s Contribution to Low- and Middle-income Economies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0003.

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In several low- and middle-income countries with important extractive sectors, gross national income has developed favourably. Africa has benefitted most, particularly West Africa. This chapter provides an up-to-date statistical analysis of the contribution of non-fuel minerals mining to low- and middle-income economies. Using the detailed data available for the minerals sector, an analysis is carried out of the current situation for 2014, and of trends in mining’s contribution to economic development for the years 1996–2014. The contribution of minerals and mining to gross domestic product an

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Roe, Alan, and Samantha Dodd. Dependence on Extractive Industries in Lower-income Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0002.

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This chapter synthesizes statistical information evidencing the proposition that extractive industries are of great significance in many low- and middle-income developing economies, and so to their development prospects. It examines the scale of the current dependence of low- and middle-income economies on both types of extractive resources: metals, and oil and gas. The chapter also assesses how country levels of dependence have changed in the past twenty years, showing that there has been a clear upward trend based on exports. The chapter outlines how the upward trend has continued in many co

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Andreoni, Antonio, Pamela Mondliwa, Simon Roberts, and Fiona Tregenna, eds. Structural Transformation in South Africa. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894311.001.0001.

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Taking South Africa as an important case study of the challenges of structural transformation, the book offers a new micro-meso level framework and evidence linking country-specific and global dynamics of change, with a focus on the current challenges and opportunities faced by middle-income countries. Detailed analyses of industry groupings and interests in South Africa reveal the complex set of interlocking country-specific factors which have hampered structural transformation over several decades, but also the emerging productive areas and opportunities for structural change. The structural

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Oqubay, Arkebe, and Kenichi Ohno, eds. How Nations Learn. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841760.001.0001.

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Authored by eminent scholars, the volume aims to generate interest and debate among policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on the complexity of learning and catch-up, particularly for twenty-first century late-late developers. The volume explores technological learning at the firm level, policy learning by the state, and the cumulative and multifaceted nature of the learning process, which encompasses learning by doing, by experiment, emulation, innovation, and leapfrogging. Why is catch-up rare? And why have some nations succeeded while others failed? What are the prospects for successf

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Mosley, Layna. Investment and Debt. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.21.

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Abstract: This article examines the political determinants and economic consequences of financial openness in low- and middle-income countries, with emphasis on government autonomy rather than on other important outcomes such as economic growth and development. After sketching trends in financial openness in developing countries, the article illustrates how the effects of financial integration are intertwined with the type of capital flow (e.g., short-term versus long-term investment) and with a nation’s domestic interests and institutions. It then considers the possibility that BRICS countrie

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Smeeding, Timothy M. Poverty Measurement. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.3.

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This article focuses on the complexities and idiosyncrasies of poverty measurement, from its origins to current practice. It first considers various concepts of poverty and their measurement and how economists, social statisticians, public policy scholars, sociologists, and other social scientists have contributed to this literature. It then discusses a few empirical estimates of poverty across and within nations, drawing primarily on data from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to highlight levels and trends in overall poverty, whi

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19

Mendelson, Marc. Antimicrobial stewardship in a resource-poor setting. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0018.

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Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a high burden of infection and, commonly, colliding epidemics of HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and other bacterial diseases. The resulting high usage of antimicrobials, inappropriate prescribing, and use of falsified or counterfeit medicines drives antimicrobial resistance. Stewardship programmes need to be developed within the social and cultural norms of the country, and take cognizance of competing health needs, which may prove important barriers. A situational analysis of the country’s resources and challenges with respect to antimicrobial resist

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20

Sancak, Merve. Global Production, National Institutions, and Skill Formation. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860655.001.0001.

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This book examines the political economy of skill formation and discusses the implications of skill systems for the development of middle-income countries (MICs). While it has been argued that skills are critical for continuous and inclusive development of MICs, there has been no extensive research on the skill systems of MICs. The book addresses this gap. It studies how the national and global dynamics interact and influence skill systems in Mexico and Turkey, two key MICs. It examines how the governance structures in global auto parts-automotive chains (AACs) and national institutions in Mex

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Lansford, Jennifer E., and Prerna Banati, eds. Handbook of Adolescent Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.001.0001.

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Of 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today, 90% live in low- and middle-income countries. These adolescents not only face many challenges but also represent a resource to be cultivated through educational opportunities and vocational training to move them toward economic independence, through initiatives to improve reproductive health, and through positive interpersonal relationships to help them avoid risky behaviors and make positive decisions about their futures. This volume tackles the challenges and promise of adolescence by presenting cutting-edge research on adolescent social, emotio

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22

Fernando, Buddhika Lalanie, and Athula Sumathipala. Ethics of Public Mental Health in Developing Societies. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.53.

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Half of the world’s population lives in countries with one psychiatrist to serve 200,000 people and in low and middle income countries (LAMICs), even most people with severe mental disorders remain untreated. As curative care is prioritized, public mental health is inundated with deep-seated problems, primarily due to the lack of funding. From an ethical perspective, such underlying issues in public mental health exist regardless of income levels; they are, however, further exacerbated by the lack of resources and awareness in LAMICs. Ironically, the ethics of public mental health have receive

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Kalleberg, Arne L., Kevin Hewison, and Kwang-Yeong Shin. Precarious Asia. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503610255.001.0001.

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This book assesses the role of global and domestic factors in shaping precarious work and its outcomes in Japan, South Korea, and Indonesia as they represent a range of Asian political democracies and capitalist economies: Japan and South Korea are now developed and mature economies, while Indonesia remains a lower-middle income country. The authors yield compelling insights into the extent and consequences of precarious work, examining the dynamics underlying its rise. By linking macrostructural policies to both the mesostructure of labor relations and the microstructure of outcomes experienc

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Luxon, Linda. Disorders of hearing. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0301.

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Hearing loss is the commonest sensory disability worldwide, and the World Health Organisation has estimated that 278 million people suffer a moderate to profound hearing loss in both ears, with 80 per cent of deaf and hearing-impaired people living in low- and middle-income countries (WHO 2006). Tinnitus affects approximately 10 per cent of developed populations (Coles 1984) and of these, 5 per cent find the symptom troublesome and seek help (Davis 1995). Tinnitus and hearing loss are primary symptoms of disordered cochlear function, but may also present as a result of central auditory patholo

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Brysk, Alison. The Struggle for Freedom from Fear. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.001.0001.

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One out of three women in the world has suffered gender-based violence. Yet from #metoo to Malala to Maria da Penha, women are rising up and pushing back. The purpose of this book is to show how to transform fear to freedom through a combination of international action, legal reform, public policy, mobilization, and value transformation. The Struggle analyzes drivers of violence and strategies for resistance in the semi-liberal countries at the frontiers of globalization. These hot-spots of violence represent the highly unequal middle-income countries, with declining citizenship and surging so

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Connell, Tula A. A Liberal in City Government. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039904.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the immediate postwar economic, political, and cultural environment of Milwaukee, a city where decades of stasis were compounded by a changing demographic that included suburban flight and an increasingly lower-income urban core. The long municipal governance by socialist Mayor Daniel Hoan (1916–1940) and the city's high levels of unionization had fostered a strong middle class from the early decades of the century through World War II. But far more than most industrialized Midwestern cities, Milwaukee had seen little modernization since the 1920s, with brewery industrial

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Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio, Antonio Ventriglio, and Dinesh Bhugra, eds. Homelessness and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198842668.001.0001.

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There is considerable research evidence indicating that rates of psychiatric disorders are higher in homeless individuals, although in some cases, psychiatric illness itself may lead to homelessness if no safety net is available. These rates of psychiatric disorders across nations, be they high-income countries or low- and middle-income countries, are broadly similar. Homelessness and psychiatric disorders are both strongly affected by various social determinants and may feed into each other. Exploring these issues across the globe, this volume aims to provide up-to-date research and policy ev

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Naqvi, Ijlal. Access to Power. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197540954.001.0001.

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Abstract Pakistan would desperately like to produce enough electricity, but it usually doesn’t. This is the rare issue on which government and private sector can unite, and it is the cause of suffering for rich and poor alike across the entirety of the country. Despite prioritization by successive governments, targeted reforms shaped by international development actors, and featuring prominently in Chinese Belt and Road Investments, the Pakistani power sector still stifles economic and social life across the country. This book explores state capacity in Pakistan by following the material infra

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Oqubay, Arkebe, Fiona Tregenna, and Imraan Valodia, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.001.0001.

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While South Africa shares some characteristics with other middle-income countries, it has a unique economic history with distinctive characteristics. South Africa is an economic powerhouse with a significant role not only at the southern African regional and continental levels, but also as a member of BRICS. However, the country faces profound developmental challenges, including the ‘triple challenges’ of poverty, inequality and unemployment. There has been a lack of structural transformation and weak economic growth. Ongoing debates around economic policies to address these challenges need to

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Merry, Alan F., Simon J. Mitchell, and Jonathan G. Hardman. Hazards in anaesthetic practice: body systems and occupational hazards. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0045.

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“Can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate” crises and aspiration of gastric contents are important hazards in anaesthesia, and may result in the death of relatively young and healthy patients. Airway difficulties may manifest at the end of anaesthesia as well as at induction and are commoner in emergency departments and intensive care settings than during anaesthesia in operating rooms. Elements of poor management characterize the majority of airway complications. Emergency cricothyroidotomy performed by anaesthetists is associated with a high rate of failure. Other important hazards associated with an

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31

Arthurson, Kathy. Social Mix and the City. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104440.

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Concern about rising crime rates, high levels of unemployment and anti-social behaviour of youth gangs within particular urban neighbourhoods has reinvigorated public and community debate into just what makes a functional neighbourhood. The nub of the debate is whether concentrating disadvantaged people together doubly compounds their disadvantage and leads to 'problem neighbourhoods'. This debate has prompted interest by governments in Australia and internationally in 'social mix policies', to disperse the most disadvantaged members of neighbourhoods and create new communities with a blend of

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32

Lee, Jeong-Dong, Keun Lee, Dirk Meissner, Slavo Radosevic, and Nicholas Vonortas, eds. The Challenges of Technology and Economic Catch-up in Emerging Economies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896049.001.0001.

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This book synthesizes and interprets existing knowledge on technology upgrading failures as well as lessons from successes and failures in order to better understand the challenges of technology upgrading in emerging economies. The objective is to bring together in one volume diverse evidence regarding three major dimensions of technology upgrading: paths of technology upgrading, structural changes in the nature of technology upgrading, and the issues of technology transfer and technology upgrading. The knowledge of these three dimensions is being synthesized at the firm, sector, and macro lev

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Whittaker, D. Hugh, Timothy Sturgeon, Toshie Okita, and Tianbiao Zhu. Compressed Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744948.001.0001.

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This book highlights the importance of time and timing in economic and social development. ‘Compressed development’ consists of two key features and their interaction: the tendency for development processes to unfold more rapidly (compression) and the institution-shaping influences of major periods of change and growth, especially when countries become integrated into the global economy (era). Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework of state–market and organization–technology co-evolution, the authors contrast the experiences of ‘early’ and ‘late’ developers such as the United Kingdom

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34

Roett, Riordan. Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190224523.001.0001.

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Brazil is one of the most important but puzzling countries in the world. A nation of 200 million people, it has vast natural resource reserves, rich cultural traditions, a middle class undergoing explosive growth, and social welfare policies that are models for much of the world (‘la bolsa familia,’ which provides a guaranteed income to poor families). And, after decades of authoritarian rule, it is a stable democracy. Yet it is beset by problems that no other advanced economy suffers from: staggeringly high crime rates, sky-high inequality levels, and endemic political corruption. Emblematic

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