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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle-Modern Sinitic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

KWOK, Bit-Chee. "Multiple origins of Southeastern Sinitic tsh- corresponding to Middle Chinese s- or sr-." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 51, no. 2 (2022): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-bja10023.

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Abstract There are nearly 20 words with Middle Chinese onsets s- or sr- whose reflexes in modern Southeastern Sinitic (Mǐn, Southern Wú, Hakka, and Gàn) are aspirated affricates. Examples of such words include sī 撕 ‘to tear,’ sù 粟 ‘grain,’ xiān 鮮 ‘fresh,’ and xīng 星 ‘star.’ This paper reveals that there are at least four origins for these correspondence sets, three of which can be connected with Old Chinese. The remaining is a self-innovation of the ancestor of the Southeastern Sinitic group. In this sense, the reflexes of modern Southeastern Sinitic can be taken as an important additional mat
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2

Yurayong, Chingduang, and Pui Yiu Szeto. "Altaicization and De-Altaicization of Japonic and Koreanic." International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2020): 108–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25898833-12340026.

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Abstract This article discusses 40 grammatical features in Japonic and Koreanic in relation to their neighbouring languages in Northeast Asia. The data comprise 66 modern language varieties of 13 different linguistic affinities, and 12 historical languages (including Old and Middle Japanese and Old and Middle Korean). The results generated from a computational phylogenetic tool show a significant distance in the typological profiles of three main clades: Northeast Asian, Japonic-Koreanic, and Sinitic spheres. Typologically, the Japonic and Koreanic languages form a common grammatical type by s
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3

WANG, Mengge, Guanglin HE, Xing ZOU, et al. "Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai‐Kadai and Sinitic people Insights from genome‐wide SNP data from South China." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 61 (February 21, 2022): 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12825.

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South China (SC) was a region with mixed rice–millet farming during the Middle Neolithic period and was also suggested to be the homeland of Tai-Kadai (TK)-speaking people. However, the formations of inland TK-speaking people and southwestern Hans are far from clear due to very few studies on this subject. Here, we reveal the spatiotemporally demographic history of SC by analyzing newly-generated genome-wide SNP data of 115 modern southwestern individuals and find that inland TK-speaking Dongs and Bouyeis have a close genomic affinity to coastal TK/Austronesian (AN)-speaking people and N
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4

Lycas, Alexis. "The Southern Man People in Western Han China: Manuscript Evidence from Zoumalou and Hujia Caochang." Bamboo and Silk 7, no. 2 (2024): 278–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689246-20240012.

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Abstract The political importance of the Southern Man peoples (Nan Man 南蠻) and the process of their integration into the Sinitic empire are usually dated back to the Early Medieval period. However, the past thirty years have witnessed numerous excavations of sites containing manuscripts in the Middle Yangtze area, more specifically in Zhangjiashan, Zoumalou, and recently in Hujia caochang. These documents reveal a more complex picture of the Man and attest to their presence and importance as early as the Western Han, and most certainly earlier. The aim of this article is to identify the Man’s
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5

Lee, Man Hei. "Phonological features of Caijia that are notable from a diachronic perspective." Journal of Historical Linguistics, September 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.21025.lee.

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Abstract This study sets out several phonological features in Caijia that are notable from a diachronic point of view. The Caijia language is an endangered language spoken in northwestern Guìzhōu, China. It was first formally documented in the early 1980s and is generally viewed as a Sinitic language. Some aspects of Caijia phonology are noteworthy from the perspective of historical phonology. There exist features which cannot be accounted for in terms of Middle Chinese (MC), such as the retention of the contrast between Old Chinese (OC) T-type and L-type onsets in words with d- or dr- in Midd
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6

Lu, Wen, and Man-Shan Hui. "Passing is giving." Journal of Historical Linguistics, May 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.24001.lu.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the origin of a polyfunctional morpheme ti42 in Tunxi Hui Chinese, a little-studied Hui Sinitic language with about 140,000 speakers in Tunxi, Anhui Province of China. This versatile morpheme represents a radical syncretism of nine disparate functions, including that between the lexical verb give and the allative, locative, and temporal marking, which is seldom reported in the literature. By first-hand synchronic data and the historical comparative method, we propose that ti42 originated as a send-type verb *diai6 ‘pass’ in Middle Chinese, which has extended to a
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7

Justin, Winslett. "Ge Hong 葛洪 and Outer Alchemy 外丹". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574563.

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Ge Hong 葛洪 (283-343/364), courtesy name Zhichuan 稚川, sometimes known by his sobriquet Baopuzi 包朴子 (the Master who Embraces Simplicity), was a scholar who lived during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420). Considered a prodigious writer, many texts both extant and lost are attributed to him. Amongst these, a number are concerned with matters pertaining to the extrahuman and the supernatural such as the eponymous Baopuzi 包朴子, the hagiographic Shenxian zhuan 神仙傳 and the pharmacological Zhouhou beiji fang 肘後備急方. The importance of these texts as references for later scholars has meant Ge Hong has been
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8

Xiangjun, Feng. "Taigu School." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572642.

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The "Taigu School" 太谷學派 (and its various alternative names, such as "Taigu Teaching" 太谷教, "Yellow Cliff Teaching" 黃崖教, "Kongtong Teaching" 崆峒教, "Great Learning Teaching" 大學教, "Great Achievement Teaching" 大成教, etc.) refers to an esoteric genealogy of teaching in China spanning from the eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. The founding patriarch, Zhou Taigu 周太谷 (c. 1762–c. 1832, aka Zhou Gu 周穀, Zhou Xingyuan 周星垣, Kongtongzi 空同子/崆峒子, etc.), was from the Anhui province but mainly preached in Yangzhou of the Jiangnan region. The documentation of him is rare and often vague, but his foll
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9

Matthew, Hamm. "The Cherished Instruction (Baoxun 保訓)". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573446.

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The Baoxun 保訓 ("The Cherished Instruction") is an excavated text of eleven bamboo strips that is part of the collection of such texts purchased by Tsinghua in 2008. As with other such collections, their provenance is unknown. The text is notable because its content and self-identification as a xun 訓 "instruction," associate it with the Shangshu 尚書 or "Book of Documents" (for more, see the entry on the Shangshu by Maddalena Poli). Despite the fact that xun is one of the six types of documents in the Shangshu, the Baoxun has no counterpart in the Shangshu or the received tradition more broadly.
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10

Matthew, Hamm. "Rongchengshi 容成氏". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573785.

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The Rongchengshi 容成氏 is a bamboo text of fifty-three strips, making it one of the longest Chu-script manuscripts yet discovered. Unfortunately, some of the strips are damaged and at least one strip is missing from both the beginning and end of the manuscript. While it has some parallels with the received tradition, the text has no exact counterpart and was thus previously unknown to scholars before its discovery. It was part of a collection of such texts purchased by the Shanghai Museum in three batches in Hong Kong in 1993. The texts were looted from a tomb by grave robbers and their exact pr
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11

Matthew, Hamm. "Zigao 子羔". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573873.

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The Zigao 子羔 is a short text written on fourteen bamboo strips that was part of a collection of such texts purchased by the Shanghai Museum in three batches in Hong Kong in 1994. The texts were looted from a tomb by grave robbers and their exact provenance is thus unknown. Similarities with the collection of texts excavated near the village of Guodian 郭店 in Hubei province in 1993, suggest that the Shanghai texts may have come from Guojiagang 郭家崗 Tomb One near the village of Guodian, though there is no way to confirm this. The Shanghai texts likely date from around the same period as the Guodia
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12

Matthew, Hamm. "The Way of Tang and Yu (Tang yu zhi dao 唐虞之道)". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573452.

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The Tangyuzhidao 唐虞之道 (The Way of Tang and Yu) is a bamboo text of twenty-nine strips that was part of a collection of such texts excavated from a tomb (Guodian Tomb One) near the village of Guodian 郭店 at Jingmen 荊門 in Hubei 湖北 province in 1993. The tomb itself was closed around 300 BCE and would have been located on the outskirts of Ying 郢, the capital city of the state of Chu 楚. The Tangyuzhidao cannot be definitively associated with any specific philosophical school in the Warring States period and is striking for constituting the only known argument to hereditary rule in Chinese history. A
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13

Thomas, Michael. "Huang-Lao Daoism." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574497.

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Huang-Lao Daoism 黄老道 was the dominant tradition of Daoism throughout the Han Dynasty. Although concrete historical records that would allow us to clearly document its origins are less than concrete, its first and formative phase began in the middle period of the Warring States, as evidenced in the earliest of its known writings, including the excavated texts Hengxian 恒先 and Fanwu liuxing 凡物流形 that are dated to that time. These texts reveal that the tradition was inspired by the philosophy of the Daodejing 道德經, commonly attributed to the ancient sage Laozi 老子; it represents the foundational tex
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14

Johan, Rols. "Hundred and eighty precepts of Lord Lao." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573969.

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The "Hundred and eighty precepts of Lord Lao" (Laojun bai bashi jie 老君百八十戒) is one of the earliest lists of Taoist precepts dating from the 4th - 6th century. The precepts deal with various themes relating to community life, in which social relationships, living beings, material things and the natural environment are all part of the same coherent whole to be respected. A third of the subjects mentioned, such as theft, murder or debauchery, are similar to the rules of Hinayanist Buddhist disciplines (Prātimokṣa). These Taoist precepts are moral exercises aimed at individual or collective salvat
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15

Daniel, Sheridan. "The Chinese Christian Scroll Pelliot chinois 3847." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574004.

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The small, six-sheet Christian scroll, known by its modern pressmark Pelliot chinois 3847, was discovered in the famous Library Cave near Dunhuang. Since its in situ acquisition by Paul Pelliot (1878-1945) in 1908, the provenance of this scroll has been well documented. The first published description of the scroll was made in 1909 by Luo Zhenyu 羅振玉 (1866-1940) in his Dunhuang shishi yishu 敦煌石室遺書 (Lost Books from the Dunhuang Stone Chamber). The next year, Luo published five facsimiles of the texts of the scroll in Shishi bibao 石室秘寶 (Secret Treasures from the Stone Chamber). Housed in the Bibl
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16

Liying, Xu. "Lingbao Canon: Perfect Script in Five Tablets 五篇真文 and Jade Instruction Written in Red 赤書玉訣". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574726.

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The Lingbao (Numinous Treasure) scriptures arose around the early fifth century CE, immediately after the prevalence of the Shangqing (Upper Clarity) scriptures. We are able to get a general picture of the early Lingbao scriptures because of the work of Lu Xiujing 陸修靜 (406-477) who collected and promulgated the scriptures. The catalogue of early Lingbao scriptures written by Lu Xiujing is the earliest reliable source for modern scholars to get a glimpse of the landscape of the Lingbao movement. However, Lu's original catalogue was lost, and the restored copy based on a discovered Tang copy of
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17

Lok, Chui Choo. "Mengzi." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574523.

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Mengzi 孟子 is a collection of dialogues and essays attributed to the Chinese philosopher Mengzi, also known as Mencius or Meng-tzu. Mengzi lived during the Warring States period of Chinese history (around 372–289 BCE), which was a time of social and political upheaval. He is considered one of the most important Confucian philosophers, often referred to as the "Second Sage" after Confucius himself. The text Mengzi consists of seven books, each containing various chapters with conversations, anecdotes, and discourses attributed to Mengzi. The work is an essential part of the Confucian canon, alon
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18

Kathy, Lin. "The Buddhist Nuns of 4th - 6th century China." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573687.

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The earliest Buddhist nuns in China lived between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. We have record of their lives from Baochang's compilation of their biographies in 516 AD. They were women who were more likely than not of elite literati familial origin. Many of them were centered around the great metropolitan cities of Chang'an and Luoyang in the North, and Jiankang in the south. The earliest nuns adopted Buddhist ideas and practices that had been slowly entering China along the Silk Routes from Central Asia and India. In the several hundred years prior to the 4th century, Buddhism was quite limi
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19

Morten, Schlütter. "The Dunhuang Platform Sūtra." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574679.

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This entry is about the version of the Platform Sūtra that was found at the Mogao caves in Dunhuang, China, in year 1900. The full title of the text is The Sūtra of the Perfection of Wisdom of the Supreme Vehicle of the Sudden Teaching of the Southern Tradition: "The Platform Sūtra Preached by the Great Master Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch, at the Dafan Monastery in Shaozhou, in one fascicle, including the bestowal of the formless precepts; recorded and compiled by the disciple Fahai, Spreader of the Dharma" (南宗頓教最上大乘摩訶般若波羅蜜經六祖惠能大師於韶州大梵寺施法壇經一卷 兼受無相戒弘法弟子法海集記). Three complete copies of the text w
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20

Weiyu, Lin. "Heart Sūtra." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574571.

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The Heart Sūtra [Ch. Xinjing 心經; Skt. Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya Sūtra; Tib. snying po'i mdo] is among the most popular Buddhist sūtras, notably in East Asia. It purports to be the essence, or the 'heart,' of the Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra [Skt. Prajñāpāramitā sūtras], a highly influential set of Mahāyāna sūtras known for the doctrine of emptiness (Skt. śūnyatā) which teaches that all entities lack intrinsic nature (Skt. svabhava) and that wisdom, in this sense, consists of a non-conceptual understanding of emptiness. The Heart Sūtra is known for its ability to transmit the profound wisdom of the Pr
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21

Kaitlyn, Ugoretz. "Digital Shinto Communities." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12572468.

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Digital Shinto communities (DSCs) are transnational networks of Shinto shrines, priests, and lay practitioners supported by various forms of digital technology, in particular social media platforms. These communities center on the ritual veneration of immanent Shinto deities known as kami (神), as "Shintō" (神道) is often translated as "the Way of the Kami." The category of kami is quite broad, including: divine personalities such Amaterasu Omikami, sun goddess and imperial ancestress, or Inari Okami, particularly revered for agriculture, business, and prosperity broadly conceived; impersonal nat
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22

Nikolas, Broy. "Falungong 法輪功 (Falun Gong) / Falun Dafa 法輪大法". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12575115.

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Falungong 法輪功 ("Dharma Wheel Practice"), also romanized as Falun Gong and alternatively named Falun Dafa 法輪大法 ("Great Teachings of the Dharma Wheel"), was founded in 1992 by Li Hongzhi 李鴻志 (b. 1950 or 1951) in China's northeastern Jilin Province 吉林省. What sets it apart from other Qigong groups of that time is its unique blend of traditions. In addition to creatively interpreting physical and spiritual self-cultivation practices from Daoist and Buddhist antecedents, Li's teachings also draw on messianic and apocalyptic tropes from China's rich sectarian traditions, Western New Age, and the beli
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23

Nikolas, Broy. "The Way of Former Heaven (Xiantiandao 先天道)". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574532.

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Xiantiandao 先天道, the "Way of Former Heaven," is the common designation of a network of Chinese popular sects that share similar symbols, beliefs, and practices and from which many later Chinese redemptive societies, such as Yiguandao 一貫道 ("The Way of Pervading Unity") and Tongshanshe 同善社 ("The Fellowship of Goodness") emerged. In addition, Xiantiandao is a significant influence on the Vietnamese new religious movement Cao Dai (Đạo Cao Đài) that emerged from Sino-Vietnamese sectarian groups in 1920s French-colonial Saigon. While claiming descent from a genealogy of enlightened masters that goes
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24

Nikolas, Broy. "Church of Almighty God (Quannengshen jiaohui 全能神教會) / Eastern Lightning (Dongfang shandian 東方閃電)". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12575113.

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The "Church of Almighty God" (Quannengshen jiaohui 全能神教會), also known as "Eastern Lightning" (Dongfang shandian 東方閃電), is a Protestant-inspired religious organization in post-Mao China and among Chinese diasporas worldwide. Its popular nickname, "Eastern Lightning," derives from Matthews 24:27, which prophesizes the future advent of God: "For as lightning that comes from the east is visible even in the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man." In line with earlier Chinese Christian communities, the Church of Almighty God (CAG) understands this iconic quotation as referring to the second
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25

Thomas, Michael. "Yangsheng Daoism from Laozi to Ge Hong." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574530.

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Early Daoist studies has two main schools of thought: associated with Chinese scholarship, the first holds that Laozi 老子 was born circa 571 BC and that he composed the Daodejing 道德經; associated with Western scholarship, the second holds that Laozi never lived and that the Daodejing was anonymously compiled from existing sources around 250 BC. Because views that argue for the existence of Laozi and his "authorship" of the Daodejing are relatively scarce in Western studies, this entry supports the former views, namely by maintaining Laozi's historical existence and his central involvement with t
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26

Justin, Winslett. "Heart Sutra 波若波羅蜜多心經". Database of Religious History, 27 червня 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574542.

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The Heart Sutra represents one of the most prominent texts in the Mahayana Buddhist tradition, being one of the dominant ways in which many people today understand and engage with Buddhism across East Asia. Despite its widespread use across the centuries, the text's origins and provenance are somewhat ambiguous and remain the subject of intense academic debate. Although identified as one of 'Perfection of Wisdom' Prajñāpāramitā sutras, and certainly concerned with the nature of reality as many of these sutra are, marked differences from other sutras, lack of evidence for it prior to the 7th C
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27

Yentin, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Pavlyuk, Vitaliy Kyslyuk, Maria Bakarzhieva, Sergii Mychak, and Oleg Gintov. "The Chemerpil gravimagnetic anomaly as a modern reflection of the unique Precambrian volcanic-plutonic magnetite-gold mineralisation structure of the Ukrainian Shield (Middle Bug area)." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 46, no. 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gj.v46i5.301568.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of genesis and mineralogical potential of Chemerpol iron-magnetite structure, its difference from other similar objects of Central Bug area. As an independent geological-geophysical object it was established according to the data of gravimetric and magnetometric survey of medium scale as a complex localised maximum of subisometric shape with diameter of 1.7 km and area of 2.8 km2. In regional structural and tectonic terms, this maximum is confined to the Sinitsiv block of the Golovanovsk suture zone. As of today, the Chemerpol structure has been suff
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28

Dong, Wang. "Western Zhou (1045 BCE - 771 BCE)." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574565.

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Recording the state of our knowledge in March-April 2024, this entry on Western Zhou (circa 1045/1046 BCE - 771 BCE) examines the best/most creditable known primary and secondary sources (including archaeological, literary, and artistic evidence), data analysis, and approaches to and interpretations of the subject matter. As a key part of the three dynasties in Chinese history—legendary, real, imagined and unimagined— the Xia (夏, circa 2070 BCE - 1600 BCE), Shang (商, aka Yin 殷, circa 1600 BCE – 1046 BCE), and Zhou of early China, the Western Zhou (西周 circa 1046/1045 BCE - 771 BCE) began with K
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