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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle temporal visual area (MT)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Antal, Andrea, Rafael Polania, Katharina Saller, et al. "Differential activation of the middle-temporal complex to visual stimulation in migraineurs." Cephalalgia 31, no. 3 (2010): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410379889.

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Objective: Differences between people with and without migraine on various measures of visual perception have been attributed to abnormal cortical processing due to the disease. The aim of the present study was to explore the dynamics of the basic interictal state with regard to the extrastriate, motion-responsive middle temporal area (MT-complex) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 tesla using coherent/incoherent moving dot stimuli. Method: Twenty-four migraine patients (12 with aura [MwA], 12 without aura [MwoA]) and 12 healthy subjects participated in the study. The indiv

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Lui, Leo L., James A. Bourne, and Marcello G. P. Rosa. "Spatial Summation, End Inhibition and Side Inhibition in the Middle Temporal Visual Area (MT)." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01018.2006.

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We investigated the responses of single neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of anesthetized marmoset monkeys to sine-wave gratings of various lengths and widths. For the vast majority of MT cells maximal responses were obtained on presentation of gratings of specific dimensions, which were typically asymmetrical along the length and width axes. The strength of end inhibition was dependent on the width of the stimulus, with many cells showing clear end inhibition only when wide gratings were used. Conversely, the strength of side inhibition was dependent on stimulus length. Furthermore, fo

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3

Kaas, Jon H., and Leah A. Krubitzer. "Area 17 lesions deactivate area MT in owl monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (1992): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010804.

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AbstractThe middle temporal visual area, MT, is one of three major targets of the primary visual cortex, area 17, in primates. We assessed the contribution of area 17 connections to the responsiveness of area MT neurons to visual stimuli by first mapping the representation of the visual hemifield in MT of anesthetized owl monkeys with microelectrodes, ablating an electrophysiologically mapped part of area 17, and then immediately remapping MT. Before the lesions, neurons at recording sites throughout MT responded vigorously to moving slits of light and other visual stimuli. In addition, the re

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4

Albright, Thomas D. "Centrifugal directional bias in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 2 (1989): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800012037.

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AbstractWe have examined the distribution of preferred directions of motion for neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque. We found a marked anisotropy favoring directions that are oriented away from the center of gaze. This anisotropy is present only among neurons with peripherally located receptive fields. This peripheral centrifugal directionality bias corresponds well to the biased distribution of motions characteristic of optic flow fields, which are generated by displacement of the visual world during forward locomotion. The bias may facilitate the processing of this

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Faria, Fernanda da C. e. C., Jorge Batista, and Helder Araújo. "Biologically inspired computational modeling of motion based on middle temporal area." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 9, no. 1 (2018): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2018-0005.

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Abstract This paper describes a bio-inspired algorithm for motion computation based on V1 (Primary Visual Cortex) andMT (Middle Temporal Area) cells. The behavior of neurons in V1 and MT areas contain significant information to understand the perception of motion. From a computational perspective, the neurons are treated as two dimensional filters to represent the receptive fields of simple cells that compose the complex cells. A modified elaborated Reichardt detector, adding an output exponent before the last stage followed by a re-entry stage of modulating feedback from MT, (reciprocal conne

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6

Goddard, Erin, Samuel G. Solomon, and Thomas A. Carlson. "Dynamic population codes of multiplexed stimulus features in primate area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00954.2016.

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The middle-temporal area (MT) of primate visual cortex is critical in the analysis of visual motion. Single-unit studies suggest that the response dynamics of neurons within area MT depend on stimulus features, but how these dynamics emerge at the population level, and how feature representations interact, is not clear. Here, we used multivariate classification analysis to study how stimulus features are represented in the spiking activity of populations of neurons in area MT of marmoset monkey. Using representational similarity analysis we distinguished the emerging representations of moving

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Schmolesky, Matthew T., Youngchang Wang, Doug P. Hanes, et al. "Signal Timing Across the Macaque Visual System." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 6 (1998): 3272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3272.

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Schmolesky, Matthew T., Youngchang Wang, Doug P. Hanes, Kirk G. Thompson, Stefan Leutgeb, Jeffrey D. Schall, and Audie G. Leventhal. Signal timing across the macaque visual system. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3272–3278, 1998. The onset latencies of single-unit responses evoked by flashing visual stimuli were measured in the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and in cortical visual areas V1, V2, V3, V4, middle temporal area (MT), medial superior temporal area (MST), and in the frontal eye field (FEF) in individual anesthetized monkeys. Identi

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Masse, Nicolas Y., and Erik P. Cook. "Behavioral Time Course of Microstimulation in Cortical Area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (2010): 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91022.2008.

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Electrical stimulation of the brain is a valuable research tool and has shown therapeutic promise in the development of new sensory neural prosthetics. Despite its widespread use, we still do not fully understand how current passed through a microelectrode interacts with functioning neural circuits. Past behavioral studies have suggested that weak electrical stimulation (referred to as microstimulation) of sensory areas of cortex produces percepts that are similar to those generated by normal sensory stimuli. In contrast, electrophysiological studies using in vitro or anesthetized preparations

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9

Olavarria, J. F., E. A. DeYoe, J. J. Knierim, J. M. Fox, and D. C. van Essen. "Neural responses to visual texture patterns in middle temporal area of the macaque monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 1 (1992): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.1.164.

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1. We studied how neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of anesthetized macaque monkeys responded to textured and nontextured visual stimuli. Stimuli contained a central rectangular ,figure- that was either uniform in luminance or consisted of an array of oriented line segments. The figure moved at constant velocity in one of four orthogonal directions. The region surrounding the figure was either uniform in luminance or contained a texture array (whose elements were identical or orthogonal in orientation to those of the figure), and it either was stationary or moved along with the f

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10

Krubitzer, Leah, and Jon Kaas. "Convergence of processing channels in the extrastriate cortex of monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 5, no. 6 (1990): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800000778.

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AbstractThe first (V-I) and second (V-II) visual areas of primates contain three types of anatomical segregations of neurons as parts of hypothesized “P-B” or “color”, “P-I” or “form,” and “M” or “motion” processing channels. These channels remain distinct in relays of P-B and P-I information to the inferior temporal lobe via V-II and dorsolateral visual cortex for object recognition, and “M” information to posterior parietal cortex via the middle temporal visual area (MT) for visual tracking and attention. The present anatomical experiments demonstrate another channel where “P-B” modules in V

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11

Mundinano, Inaki-Carril, William C. Kwan, and James A. Bourne. "Retinotopic specializations of cortical and thalamic inputs to area MT." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 46 (2019): 23326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909799116.

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Retinotopic specializations in the ventral visual stream, especially foveal adaptations, provide primates with high-acuity vision in the central visual field. However, visual field specializations have not been studied in the dorsal visual stream, dedicated to processing visual motion and visually guided behaviors. To investigate this, we injected retrograde neuronal tracers occupying the whole visuotopic representation of the middle temporal (MT) visual area in marmoset monkeys and studied the distribution and morphology of the afferent primary visual cortex (V1) projections. Contrary to prev

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Barberini, C. L., M. R. Cohen, B. A. Wandell, and W. T. Newsome. "Cone signal interactions in direction-selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT)." Journal of Vision 5, no. 7 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.7.1.

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Ponce, C. R., J. N. Hunter, C. C. Pack, S. G. Lomber, and R. T. Born. "Contributions of Indirect Pathways to Visual Response Properties in Macaque Middle Temporal Area MT." Journal of Neuroscience 31, no. 10 (2011): 3894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5362-10.2011.

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Dukelow, Sean P., Joseph F. X. DeSouza, Jody C. Culham, Albert V. van den Berg, Ravi S. Menon, and Tutis Vilis. "Distinguishing Subregions of the Human MT+ Complex Using Visual Fields and Pursuit Eye Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 4 (2001): 1991–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1991.

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In humans, functional imaging studies have demonstrated a homologue of the macaque motion complex, MT+ [suggested to contain both middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST)], in the ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus. In the macaque monkey, motion-sensitive areas MT and MST are adjacent in the superior temporal sulcus. Electrophysiological research has demonstrated that while MT receptive fields primarily encode the contralateral visual field, MST dorsal (MSTd) receptive fields extend well into the ipsilateral visual field. Additionally, macaque MST has been shown to r

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15

Allman, John, Francis Miezin, and EveLynn McGuinness. "Direction- and Velocity-Specific Responses from beyond the Classical Receptive Field in the Middle Temporal Visual Area (MT)." Perception 14, no. 2 (1985): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140105.

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The true receptive field of more than 90% of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) extends well beyond the classical receptive field (crf), as mapped with conventional bar or spot stimuli, and includes a surrounding region that is 50 to 100 times the area of the crf. These extensive surrounds are demonstrated by simultaneously stimulating the crf and the surround with moving stimuli. The surrounds commonly have directional and velocity-selective influences that are antagonistic to the response from the crf. The crfs of MT neurons are organized in a topographic representation of the v

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Schiller, Peter H. "The effects of V4 and middle temporal (MT) area lesions on visual performance in the rhesus monkey." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 4 (1993): 717–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005423.

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AbstractThe effects of V4, MT, and combined V4+MT lesions were assessed on a broad range of visual capacities that included measures of contrast sensitivity, wavelength and brightness discrimination, form vision, pattern vision, motion and flicker perception, stereopsis, and the selection of stimuli that were less prominent than those with which they appeared in stimulus arrays. The major deficit observed was a loss in the ability, after V4 lesions, to select such less prominent stimuli; this was the case irrespective of the manner in which the stimulus arrays were made visible, using either l

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Krubitzer, Leah A., and Jon H. Kass. "Cortical connections of MT in four species of primates: Areal, modular, and retinotopic patterns." Visual Neuroscience 5, no. 2 (1990): 165–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800000213.

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AbstractCortical connections were investigated by restricting injections of WGA-HRP to different parts of the middle temporal visual area, MT, in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, marmosets, and galagos. Cortex was flattened and sectioned tangentially to facilitate an analysis of the areal patterns of connections. In the experimental cases, brain sections reacted for cytochrome oxidase (CO) or stained for myelin were used to delimit visual areas of occipital and temporal cortex and visuomotor areas of the frontal lobe. Major findings are as follows: (1) The architectonic analysis suggests that in

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Komatsu, H., and R. H. Wurtz. "Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. I. Localization and visual properties of neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 60, no. 2 (1988): 580–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.2.580.

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1. Among the multiple extrastriate visual areas in monkey cerebral cortex, several areas within the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are selectively related to visual motion processing. In this series of experiments we have attempted to relate this visual motion processing at a neuronal level to a behavior that is dependent on such processing, the generation of smooth-pursuit eye movements. 2. We studied two visual areas within the STS, the middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). For the purposes of this study, MT and MST were defined functionally as those areas wi

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Kafaligonul, Hulusi, Thomas D. Albright, and Gene R. Stoner. "Auditory modulation of spiking activity and local field potentials in area MT does not appear to underlie an audiovisual temporal illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 3 (2018): 1340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00835.2017.

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The timing of brief stationary sounds has been shown to alter the perceived speed of visual apparent motion (AM), presumably by altering the perceived timing of the individual frames of the AM stimuli and/or the duration of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between those frames. To investigate the neural correlates of this “temporal ventriloquism” illusion, we recorded spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity from the middle temporal area (area MT) in awake, fixating macaques. We found that the spiking activity of most MT neurons (but not the LFP) was tuned for the ISI/speed (these pa

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Newsome, WT, and EB Pare. "A selective impairment of motion perception following lesions of the middle temporal visual area (MT)." Journal of Neuroscience 8, no. 6 (1988): 2201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.08-06-02201.1988.

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21

Chaplin, Tristan A., Benjamin J. Allitt, Maureen A. Hagan, et al. "Sensitivity of neurons in the middle temporal area of marmoset monkeys to random dot motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (2017): 1567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00065.2017.

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Neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of the primate cerebral cortex respond to moving visual stimuli. The sensitivity of MT neurons to motion signals can be characterized by using random-dot stimuli, in which the strength of the motion signal is manipulated by adding different levels of noise (elements that move in random directions). In macaques, this has allowed the calculation of “neurometric” thresholds. We characterized the responses of MT neurons in sufentanil/nitrous oxide-anesthetized marmoset monkeys, a species that has attracted considerable recent interest as an animal model for

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Rosa, Marcello G. P., Juliana G. M. Soares, Mario Fiorani, and Ricardo Gattass. "Cortical afferents of visual area MT in the Cebus monkey: Possible homologies between New and old World monkeys." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 5 (1993): 827–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800006064.

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AbstractCortical projections to the middle temporal (MT) visual area were studied by injecting the retrogradely transported fluorescent tracer Fast Blue into MT in adult New World monkeys (Cebus apella). Injection sites were selected based on electrophysiological recordings, and covered eccentricities from 2–70 deg, in both the upper and lower visual fields. The position and laminar distribution of labeled cell bodies were correlated with myeloarchitectonic boundaries and displayed in flat reconstructions of the neocortex. Topographically organized projections were found to arise mainly from t

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Chen, Spencer C., John W. Morley, and Samuel G. Solomon. "Spatial precision of population activity in primate area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 2 (2015): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00152.2015.

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The middle temporal (MT) area is a cortical area integral to the “where” pathway of primate visual processing, signaling the movement and position of objects in the visual world. The receptive field of a single MT neuron is sensitive to the direction of object motion but is too large to signal precise spatial position. Here, we asked if the activity of MT neurons could be combined to support the high spatial precision required in the where pathway. With the use of multielectrode arrays, we recorded simultaneously neural activity at 24–65 sites in area MT of anesthetized marmoset monkeys. We fo

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Ilg, Uwe J., and Jan Churan. "Motion Perception Without Explicit Activity in Areas MT and MST." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01174.2003.

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It is widely accepted that middle temporal (MT) and middle superior temporal (MST) cortical areas in the brain of rhesus monkeys are essential for processing visual motion. We asked whether this assumption holds true if the moving stimulus consists of a second-order motion stimulus. In addition, we asked whether neurons in area MT and MST code for moving sound sources. To answer these questions, we trained three rhesus monkeys on a direction-discrimination task. Our monkeys were able to correctly report the direction of all motion stimuli used in this study. Firing rates of directionally selec

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Kaas, Jon H., and Mary K. L. Baldwin. "The Evolution of the Pulvinar Complex in Primates and Its Role in the Dorsal and Ventral Streams of Cortical Processing." Vision 4, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision4010003.

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Current evidence supports the view that the visual pulvinar of primates consists of at least five nuclei, with two large nuclei, lateral pulvinar ventrolateral (PLvl) and central lateral nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIcl), contributing mainly to the ventral stream of cortical processing for perception, and three smaller nuclei, posterior nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIp), medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIm), and central medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIcm), projecting to dorsal stream visual areas for visually directed actions. In primates, both cortical streams a

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CONWAY, BEVIL R. "Color signals through dorsal and ventral visual pathways." Visual Neuroscience 31, no. 2 (2013): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523813000382.

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AbstractExplanations for color phenomena are often sought in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and V1, yet it is becoming increasingly clear that a complete account will take us further along the visual-processing pathway. Working out which areas are involved is not trivial. Responses to S-cone activation are often assumed to indicate that an area or neuron is involved in color perception. However, work tracing S-cone signals into extrastriate cortex has challenged this assumption: S-cone responses have been found in brain regions, such as the middle temporal (MT) motion area, not though

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Khawaja, Farhan A., Liu D. Liu, and Christopher C. Pack. "Responses of MST neurons to plaid stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 1 (2013): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00338.2012.

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The estimation of motion information from retinal input is a fundamental function of the primate dorsal visual pathway. Previous work has shown that this function involves multiple cortical areas, with each area integrating information from its predecessors. Compared with neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1), neurons in the middle temporal (MT) area more faithfully represent the velocity of plaid stimuli, and the observation of this pattern selectivity has led to two-stage models in which MT neurons integrate the outputs of component-selective V1 neurons. Motion integration in these model

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Lorteije, Jeannette A. M., Nick E. Barraclough, Tjeerd Jellema, et al. "Implied Motion Activation in Cortical Area MT Can Be Explained by Visual Low-level Features." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 6 (2011): 1533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21533.

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To investigate form-related activity in motion-sensitive cortical areas, we recorded cell responses to animate implied motion in macaque middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) cortex and investigated these areas using fMRI in humans. In the single-cell studies, we compared responses with static images of human or monkey figures walking or running left or right with responses to the same human and monkey figures standing or sitting still. We also investigated whether the view of the animate figure (facing left or right) that elicited the highest response was correlated with the

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Churchland, Anne K., Xin Huang, and Stephen G. Lisberger. "Responses of Neurons in the Medial Superior Temporal Visual Area to Apparent Motion Stimuli in Macaque Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00941.2005.

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Monkeys fixated a stationary spot during presentation of dot textures that moved in apparent motion defined by the spatial and temporal separations, Δx and Δt, between successive flashes of each dot. For each neuron, we assessed the speed tuning for smooth motion (Δt = 2 or 4 ms) at speeds ≤128°/s and the effect of varying the value of Δt at speeds of 16 and 32°/s. Many medial superior temporal (MST) neurons, like middle temporal (MT) neurons, were tuned for the speed of smooth motion and showed decreases in firing rate as the value of Δt increased at a constant speed. A subset of MST neurons,

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Ahlfors, S. P., G. V. Simpson, A. M. Dale, et al. "Spatiotemporal Activity of a Cortical Network for Processing Visual Motion Revealed by MEG and fMRI." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (1999): 2545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2545.

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A sudden change in the direction of motion is a particularly salient and relevant feature of visual information. Extensive research has identified cortical areas responsive to visual motion and characterized their sensitivity to different features of motion, such as directional specificity. However, relatively little is known about responses to sudden changes in direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same network to pr

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Price, N. S. C., M. R. Ibbotson, S. Ono, and M. J. Mustari. "Rapid Processing of Retinal Slip During Saccades in Macaque Area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00041.2005.

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The primate middle temporal area (MT) is involved in the analysis and perception of visual motion, which is generated actively by eye and body movements and passively when objects move. We studied the responses of single cells in area MT of awake macaques, comparing the direction tuning and latencies of responses evoked by wide-field texture motion during fixation (passive viewing) and during rewarded, target-directed saccades and nonrewarded, spontaneous saccades over the same stationary texture (active viewing). We found that MT neurons have similar motion sensitivity and direction-selectivi

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Pack, Christopher C., J. Nicholas Hunter, and Richard T. Born. "Contrast Dependence of Suppressive Influences in Cortical Area MT of Alert Macaque." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 3 (2005): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00629.2004.

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Visual neurons are often characterized in terms of their tuning for various stimulus properties, such as shape, color, and velocity. Generally, these tuning curves are further modulated by the overall intensity of the stimulus, such that increasing the contrast increases the firing rate, up to some maximum. In this paper, we describe the tuning of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT or V5) of macaque visual cortex for moving stimuli of varying contrast. We find that, for some MT neurons, tuning curves for stimulus direction, speed, and size are shaped in part by suppressive influences that

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Kumano, Hironori, and Takanori Uka. "Visual impairment by surrounding noise is due to interactions among stimuli in the higher-order visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 3 (2014): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00639.2013.

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Observers have difficulty identifying a target in their peripheral vision in the presence of surrounding stimuli. Although hypotheses addressing this phenomenon have been proposed, such as the integration of stimuli and surround suppression in the higher-order visual cortex, no direct comparisons of the psychophysical and neuronal sensitivities have been performed. Here we measured the performance of monkeys with a variant of the direction discrimination task using a center/surround bipartite random-dot stimulus while simultaneously recording from isolated neurons from the middle temporal visu

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Lee, Hyun Ah, and Sang-Hun Lee. "Hierarchy of direction-tuned motion adaptation in human visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 8 (2012): 2163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00923.2010.

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Prolonged exposure to a single direction of motion alters perception of subsequent static or dynamic stimuli and induces substantial changes in behaviors of motion-sensitive neurons, but the origin of neural adaptation and neural correlates of perceptual consequences of motion adaptation in human brain remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured motion adaptation tuning curves in a fine scale by probing changes in cortical activity after adaptation for a range of directions relative to the adapted direction. We found a clear dichotomy in tuning curve shape: cortica

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Maunsell, JH, TA Nealey, and DD DePriest. "Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to responses in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque monkey." Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 10 (1990): 3323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.10-10-03323.1990.

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36

Rockland, Kathleen S. "Bistratified distribution of terminal arbors of individual axons projecting from area V1 to middle temporal area (MT) in the macaque monkey." Visual Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (1989): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800004466.

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AbstractIn the present study, the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin was injected into area V1 in order to demonstrate the detailed morphology of individual axons terminating in prestriate area MT. On the basis of 24 axon reconstructions, several representative (but not necessarily comprehensive) characteristics have been identified: (1) Most axons arborize in a patchy manner over a widespread territory, frequently greater than 1.0 mm and often up to 1.5 × 1.8 mm (dimensions uncorrected for shrinkage). (2) Terminal arbors are distributed to layers 3, 4, and 6. Those in layer

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Churchland, Mark M., Nicholas J. Priebe, and Stephen G. Lisberger. "Comparison of the Spatial Limits on Direction Selectivity in Visual Areas MT and V1." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 3 (2005): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00767.2004.

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We recorded responses to apparent motion from directionally selective neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized monkeys and middle temporal area (MT) of awake monkeys. Apparent motion consisted of multiple stationary stimulus flashes presented in sequence, characterized by their temporal separation (Δ t) and spatial separation (Δ x). Stimuli were 8° square patterns of 100% correlated random dots that moved at apparent speeds of 16 or 32°/s. For both V1 and MT, the difference between the response to the preferred and null directions declined with increasing flash separation. For eac

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Celebrini, S., and W. T. Newsome. "Microstimulation of extrastriate area MST influences performance on a direction discrimination task." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 2 (1995): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.437.

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1. Evidence from single-unit recordings suggests that neurons in the medial superior temporal visual area (MST) carry directional signals that influence psychophysical judgements of motion direction. We tested this hypothesis by electrically stimulating clusters of directionally selective neurons in MST (the dorsomedial subdivision, primarily) while rhesus monkeys performed a two-alternative, forced-choice direction discrimination task. 2. We performed forty-six microstimulation experiments on two rhesus monkeys. The visual stimuli were dynamic random dot patterns in which the strength of a co

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Ruff, Douglas A., and Marlene R. Cohen. "A normalization model suggests that attention changes the weighting of inputs between visual areas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): E4085—E4094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619857114.

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Models of divisive normalization can explain the trial-averaged responses of neurons in sensory, association, and motor areas under a wide range of conditions, including how visual attention changes the gains of neurons in visual cortex. Attention, like other modulatory processes, is also associated with changes in the extent to which pairs of neurons share trial-to-trial variability. We showed recently that in addition to decreasing correlations between similarly tuned neurons within the same visual area, attention increases correlations between neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) and the m

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Chukoskie, Leanne, and J. Anthony Movshon. "Modulation of Visual Signals in Macaque MT and MST Neurons During Pursuit Eye Movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (2009): 3225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90692.2008.

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Retinal image motion is produced with each eye movement, yet we usually do not perceive this self-produced “reafferent” motion, nor are motion judgments much impaired when the eyes move. To understand the neural mechanisms involved in processing reafferent motion and distinguishing it from the motion of objects in the world, we studied the visual responses of single cells in middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas during steady fixation and smooth-pursuit eye movements in awake, behaving macaques. We measured neuronal responses to random-dot patterns moving at different s

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Lappe, Markus. "Functional Consequences of an Integration of Motion and Stereopsis in Area MT of Monkey Extrastriate Visual Cortex." Neural Computation 8, no. 7 (1996): 1449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.7.1449.

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Experimental evidence from neurophysiological recordings in the middle temporal (MT) area of the macaque monkey suggests that motion-selective cells can use disparity information to separate motion signals that originate from different depths. This finding of a cross-talk between different visual channels has implications for the understanding of the processing of motion in the primate visual system and especially for behavioral tasks requiring the determination of global motion. In this paper, the consequences for the analysis of optic flow fields are explored. A network model is presented th

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Girard, P., P. A. Salin, and J. Bullier. "Visual activity in areas V3a and V3 during reversible inactivation of area V1 in the macaque monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 5 (1991): 1493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1493.

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1. Behavioral studies in the monkey and clinical studies in humans show that some visuomotor functions are spared in case of a V1 lesion. This residual vision appears to be subserved at least partially by visual activity in extrastriate cortex. Earlier studies have demonstrated that neurons in area V2 lose their visual responses when V1 is reversibly inactivated. On the other hand, Rodman and collaborators have recently shown that neurons in the middle temporal area (area MT) remain visually responsive when V1 is lesioned or inactivated. The purpose of the present study was to determine whethe

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Born, Richard T. "Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of the Owl Monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 5 (2000): 2658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2658.

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Microelectrode recording and 2-deoxyglucose (2dg) labeling were used to investigate center-surround interactions in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the owl monkey. These techniques revealed columnar groups of neurons whose receptive fields had opposite types of center-surround interaction with respect to moving visual stimuli. In one type of column, neurons responded well to objects such as a single bar or spot but poorly to large textured stimuli such as random dots. This was often due to the fact that the receptive fields had antagonistic surrounds: surround motion in the same direct

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Masse, Nicolas Y., Todd M. Herrington, and Erik P. Cook. "Spatial attention enhances the selective integration of activity from area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 6 (2012): 1594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00949.2011.

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Distinguishing which of the many proposed neural mechanisms of spatial attention actually underlies behavioral improvements in visually guided tasks has been difficult. One attractive hypothesis is that attention allows downstream neural circuits to selectively integrate responses from the most informative sensory neurons. This would allow behavioral performance to be based on the highest-quality signals available in visual cortex. We examined this hypothesis by asking how spatial attention affects both the stimulus sensitivity of middle temporal (MT) neurons and their corresponding correlatio

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Mikami, A., W. T. Newsome, and R. H. Wurtz. "Motion selectivity in macaque visual cortex. I. Mechanisms of direction and speed selectivity in extrastriate area MT." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 6 (1986): 1308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1308.

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Mechanisms of direction selectivity and speed selectivity were studied in single neurons of the middle temporal visual area (MT) of behaving macaque monkeys. Visual stimuli were presented in both smooth and stroboscopic motion within a neuron's receptive field as the monkey fixated a stationary point of light. Direction selectivity, speed selectivity, and the spontaneous discharge characteristics of MT neurons in behaving monkeys were similar to those reported in previous studies in anesthetized monkeys. Stroboscopic motion stimuli were sequences of flashes characterized by the spatial and tem

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Boussaoud, Driss, Robert Desimone, and Leslie G. Ungerleider. "Subcortical connections of visual areas MST and FST in macaques." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (1992): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010701.

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AbstractTo examine the subcorctical connections of the medial superior temporal and fundus of the superior temporal visual areas (MST and FST, respectively), we injected anterograde and retrograde tracers into 16 physiologically identified sites within the two areas in seven macaque monkeys. The subcortical connections of MST and FST were found to be very similar. Both areas were found to be reciprocally connected with the pulvinar, mainly with its medial subdivision, and with the claustrum. Nonreciprocal projections from both MST and FST were consistently found in the striatum (caudate and pu

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Mundinano, Inaki-Carril, Dylan M. Fox, William C. Kwan, et al. "Transient visual pathway critical for normal development of primate grasping behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (2018): 1364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717016115.

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An evolutionary hallmark of anthropoid primates, including humans, is the use of vision to guide precise manual movements. These behaviors are reliant on a specialized visual input to the posterior parietal cortex. Here, we show that normal primate reaching-and-grasping behavior depends critically on a visual pathway through the thalamic pulvinar, which is thought to relay information to the middle temporal (MT) area during early life and then swiftly withdraws. Small MRI-guided lesions to a subdivision of the inferior pulvinar subnucleus (PIm) in the infant marmoset monkey led to permanent de

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Kable, Joseph W., Irene P. Kan, Ashley Wilson, Sharon L. Thompson-Schill, and Anjan Chatterjee. "Conceptual Representations of Action in the Lateral Temporal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 12 (2005): 1855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892905775008625.

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Retrieval of conceptual information from action pictures causes greater activation than from object pictures bilaterally in human motion areas (MT/MST) and nearby temporal regions. By contrast, retrieval of conceptual information from action words causes greater activation in left middle and superior temporal gyri, anterior and dorsal to the MT/MST. We performed two fMRI experiments to replicate and extend these findings regarding action words. In the first experiment, subjects performed conceptual judgments of action and object words under conditions that stressed visual semantic information.

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ELSTON, GUY N., and HERBERT F. JELINEK. "DENDRITIC BRANCHING PATTERNS OF PYRAMIDAL CELLS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF THE NEW WORLD MARMOSET MONKEY, WITH COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE OLD WORLD MACAQUE MONKEY." Fractals 09, no. 03 (2001): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x01000841.

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The basal dendritic arbors of 442 supragranular pyramidal cells in visual cortex of the marmoset monkey were compared by fractal analyses. As detailed in a previous study,1 individual cells were injected with Lucifer Yellow and processed for a DAB reaction product. The basal dendritic arbors were drawn, in the tangential plane, and the fractal dimension (D) determined by the dilation method. The fractal dimensions were compared between cells in ten cortical areas containing cells involved in visual processing, including the primary visual area (V1), the second visual area (V2), the dorsoanteri

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Hagan, Maureen A., Tristan A. Chaplin, Krystel R. Huxlin, Marcello G. P. Rosa, and Leo L. Lui. "Altered Sensitivity to Motion of Area MT Neurons Following Long-Term V1 Lesions." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 2 (2019): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz096.

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Abstract Primates with primary visual cortex (V1) damage often retain residual motion sensitivity, which is hypothesized to be mediated by middle temporal area (MT). MT neurons continue to respond to stimuli shortly after V1 lesions; however, experimental and clinical studies of lesion-induced plasticity have shown that lesion effects can take several months to stabilize. It is unknown what physiological changes occur in MT and whether neural responses persist long after V1 damage. We recorded neuronal responses in MT to moving dot patterns in adult marmoset monkeys 6–12 months after unilatera

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