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Journal articles on the topic 'Middle Turbinate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Jung, H., S. K. Park, and J.-R. Kim. "Polyps originating from accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 7 (2012): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112000941.

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AbstractObjective:We report two extremely rare cases of polyps from unilateral accessory middle turbinates, one of which coexisted with a polyp from an inferomedially projecting, pneumatised, secondary middle turbinate.Methods:Case report and literature review concerning accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate.Results:Two patients presented with unilateral nasal obstruction. In both patients, nasal endoscopy revealed polypoid masses originating from the middle meatus. Paranasal sinus computed tomography and histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of polyps originati

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2

Muthiyan, Gayatri Girish, Shanta Sunil Hattangdi, and Payal Arvind Kasat. "Surgical anatomy of the posterior ends of the middle and inferior turbinates." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 05, no. 04 (2016): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401611.

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Abstract Background: Preservation of structure and reestablishment of function is the guiding principle during an endoscopic intervention. Especially, when a partial middle turbinectomy is unavoidable, middle turbinate can lose its stability. Variations of middle turbinate like severe anterior bulging, posterior protrusion beyond the inferior turbinate and the larger size than inferior turbinate have significant impact on its stability. Aim: To study surgical anatomy of the middle and inferior turbinates. Method: The distances and angles between the limen nasi and posterior ends of the middle

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3

Duncavage, James A. "Middle Turbinate." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (1995): P175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80469-3.

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4

Sari, Neslihan. "Radiological Correlation Between Ethmoid Roof Asymmetry and Variations of Nasal Turbinates." Chronicles of Precision Medical Researchers 3, no. 2 (2022): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6965773.

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Introduction: Etmoid roof and nasal turbinates have many anatomic variations that are important during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). During ESS, lateral nasal wall serving as anatomic marker, is intervened at the beginning of surgery. Knowledge of anatomic variations and interrelations with each other increase success of surgery and reduces complications. In this study, we assess the relation of skull base asymmetry with variations of turbinates of lateral nasal wall. Materials and Methods: Paranasal sinus tomography images of 124 patients [(64 (62%) females and 60 (48%) males] were retrospe

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5

Daneshi, Ahmad, Maryam Jalessi, and Ashkan Heshmatzade-Behzadi. "Middle Turbinate Osteoma." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 3, no. 4 (2010): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/ceo.2010.3.4.226.

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6

Viswanatha, B. "Middle turbinate osteoma." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 60, no. 3 (2008): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-008-0090-1.

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7

Stewart, Michael G. "Middle Turbinate Resection." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 124, no. 1 (1998): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.124.1.104.

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8

Rice, Dale H. "Middle Turbinate Resection." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 124, no. 1 (1998): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.124.1.106.

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9

Kennedy, David W. "Middle Turbinate Resection." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 124, no. 1 (1998): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.124.1.107.

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10

Baluyot, S. T. "Middle Turbinate Stabilization." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 123, no. 1 (1997): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1997.01900010127026.

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11

Aouad, Rony K., and E. Bradley Strong. "Secondary Middle Turbinate." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 142, no. 1 (2010): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.015.

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12

Bae, Soon-Ho, and Sang-Chul Lim. "Accessory middle turbinate." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 142, no. 5 (2010): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.12.042.

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13

Fortune, D. Scott, and James A. Duncavage. "Incidence of Frontal Sinusitis following Partial Middle Turbinectomy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 6 (1998): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700601.

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The role of partial middle turbinate resection as an adjunct to endoscopic sinus surgery is controversial. Recent literature suggests that middle turbinate resection may have a detrimental effect on the frontal sinus. A retrospective analysis of 155 consecutive patients undergoing partial middle turbinate resection utilizing the technique of the senior author (J.A.D.) for either sinusitis or nasal obstruction was conducted. The data reveal a low rate of frontal sinusitis following partial middle turbinectomy (10%). None of the patients undergoing partial middle turbinectomy for nasal obstructi

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14

Selcuk, A., K. M. Ozcan, I. Ozcan, and H. Dere. "Bifid inferior turbinate: a case report." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 6 (2007): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107009188.

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AbstractObjectives:A bifid inferior turbinate is an extremely rare anatomical variation and has been reported in only two cases to date. Including the present report, the uncinate processes were missing in all three patients reported. It is suggested that, in the reported patient, bifid inferior turbinate coexisted with a developmental anomaly of the uncinate process, and that the bifid inferior turbinate represented two separate turbinates originating from the same site.Case report:We present the first reported case of bilateral bifid inferior turbinates, with a secondary middle turbinate, in

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15

Aksungur, Erol H., Kenan Bıçakçı, Mehmet İnal, et al. "CT demonstration of accessory nasal turbinates: secondary middle turbinate and bifid inferior turbinate." European Journal of Radiology 31, no. 3 (1999): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0720-048x(98)00130-2.

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16

San, Turhan, Barış Erdoğan, and Bülent Taşel. "Triple-Divided Concha Bullosa: A New Anatomic Variation." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/342615.

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In recent years, with the widespread use of imaging techniques such as paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), many variations of nasal turbinates have been described. One of these variations known as concha bullosa (CB) is pneumatization of nasal turbinates. CB is the most frequently encountered anatomical variations of the middle turbinate. The term of septated concha bullosa has been described recently and it is an uncommon pneumatization anomaly of the middle turbinate. There has not been any study that correlates the number of septations and the presence of sinonasal pathologies. We her

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17

Goldsmith, Ari J., Gerald D. Zahtz, Arsen Stegnjajic, and Mark Shikowitz. "Middle Turbinate Headache Syndrome." American Journal of Rhinology 7, no. 1 (1993): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065893781976582.

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Sinus headaches are attributed to inflammatory disease of the sinus mucosa or ostium. In 1948 H.G. Wolff first recognized that sinus headaches may occur in the absence of inflammatory sinusitis, and may be due to contact between strategic “trigger points” in the sinonasal passages. Since this time there have been sporadic reports of headaches and facial pain due to an enlarged middle turbinate contacting either the septum or lateral nasal wall. It is theorized that an enlarged middle turbinate, most commonly due to pneumatization (concha bullosa), can contact the septum or lateral nasal wall a

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18

Shirokaya, A. V., I. I. Morozov, and N. V. Gorbunova. "CLINICAL CASE OF THE COMBINATION OF CONCHA BULLOSA AND MIDDLE TUNALE HYPERTROPHY." Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education 4, no. 1 (2024): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/2782-1714_2024-4-1-58-61.

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Bullous middle turbinate (concha bullosa) is one of astructural variants, characterized by varying degrees of pneumatization of the middle turbinate and an incidence rate from 14% to 53%. Clinical description: a 42-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of nasal congestion, nasal breathing difficulties, and recurrent rhinosinusitis. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a large bulla of the middle turbinate on the right, pushing the nasal septum to the left. Computed tomography of the sinuses in the right half of the nose showed that the bulla of the middle turbinate was 22x25x15 mm (Figure 2), th

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19

Belcher, Ryan H., Allison K. Ikeda, and John M. DelGaudio. "Remodeling of the Paradoxical Middle Turbinate: Preserving Function While Gaining Access." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 2 (2018): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418765002.

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Background Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed for many reasons, most commonly for chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical treatment. A paradoxical middle turbinate is an anatomic variant that can hinder endoscopic access to the sinuses. No publication has addressed how to surgically treat a paradoxical middle turbinate. Method We present a basic endoscopic surgical approach to conservatively resect a paradoxical middle turbinate in order to improve access to the middle meatus and the sinuses while preserving support and function. Conclusion Conservative remodeling of the paradoxical mi

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20

Sahni, Daisy, Anjali Aggarwal, and Tulika Gupta. "Morphometric Evaluation of the Middle Turbinate in Relation to Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 5, no. 3 (2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1128.

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ABSTRACT Objective Partial middle turbinectomy during endoscopic sinus surgery is done for better access and to avoid postoperative complications of lateralization of the middle turbinate. There are only few cadaveric studies available in literature describing the middle turbinate morphometry with surgical perspective. Therefore, the present study was planned to record morphometry and relevant surgical distances for the middle turbinate. Materials and methods Thirty-two midsagittal sections of cadaver heads from adult males were dissected. Middle turbinate measurements and shapes were taken. R

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21

Anselmo-Lima, Wilma Terezinha, Jose A. A. Oliveira, Jose Geraldo Speciali, et al. "Middle Turbinate Headache Syndrome." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 37, no. 2 (1997): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.1997.3702102.x.

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22

Ozturk, Adil, Necat Alataş, Ebru Ozturk, and S. Zeki Ziylan. "First secondary middle turbinate." European Journal of Radiology Extra 52, no. 3 (2004): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrex.2004.09.015.

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23

Giacchi, Renato J., Richard A. Lebowitz, and Joseph B. Jacobs. "Middle Turbinate Resection: Issues and Controversies." American Journal of Rhinology 14, no. 3 (2000): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065800782102726.

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Diversity of opinion continues to exist among otolaryngologists regarding the potential benefits of preservation or resection of the middle turbinate during endoscopic ethmoidectomy. Rhinologists in favor of middle turbinate preservation cite the potential loss of olfactory function as well as diminished humidification and filtration of inspired air following its resection. In addition, the middle turbinate remnant could lateralize, causing frontal recess obstruction and frontal sinusitis. In general, it is accepted that a diseased or flail middle turbinate should be resected during ethmoidect

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24

Demir, D., K. Asil, M. Güven, and Ü. Erkorkmaz. "Does septoplasty change the dimensions of compensatory hypertrophy of the middle turbinate?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 6 (2016): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116001055.

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AbstractObjective:To measure the dimensions of compensatory hypertrophy of the middle turbinate in patients with nasal septal deviation, before and after septoplasty.Methods:The mucosal and bony structures of the middle turbinate and the angle of the septum were measured using radiological analysis before septoplasty and at least one year after septoplasty. All pre- and post-operative measurements of the middle turbinate were compared using the paired samplet-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results:The dimensions of bony and mucosal components of the middle turbinate on concave and convex side

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25

Raag Reeti, Md Jawed Akhtar, Avanish Kumar, Binod Kumar, and Rajiv Ranjan Sinha. "CT Scan Evaluation of Prevalence of Paradoxical Middle Turbinate In Adult Population of Bihar." Academia Anatomica International 6, no. 1 (2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.1.1.

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Introduction: Middle turbinate overlying the middle meatus is the most important anatomic area in the lateral wall of the nose. It is a thinsheet of bone which curves in different planes very similar to a dried leaf. Paradoxical Middle Turbinate (PMT) is the abnormal curvatureof middle turbinate, where the convex surface faces laterally instead of its usual medial curvature and may block the drainage pathway ofmiddle meatus. The present study aimed at observing the prevalence of the paradoxical middle turbinate in the adult population of Bihar. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective st

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26

Lindemann, Joerg, Evangelia Tsakiropoulou, Victor Vital, et al. "Influence of the Turbinate Volumes as Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Nasal Air Conditioning." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 23, no. 3 (2009): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3309.

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Background Changes in nasal airflow caused by varying intranasal volumes and cross-sectional areas affect the contact between air and surrounding mucosa entailing alterations in nasal air conditioning. This study evaluates the correlation between nasal air conditioning and the volumes of the inferior and middle turbinates as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Fourteen healthy volunteers were enrolled. Each volunteer had been examined by rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, intranasal air temperature, and humidity measurements at defined intranasal sites as well as MRI of the

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27

Swain, Santosh Kumar. "Middle turbinate concha bullosa and its relationship with chronic sinusitis: a review." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 6 (2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212136.

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<p class="abstract">Sinonasal diseases are serious health issues found in the clinical practice. Sinonasal diseases are often associated with anatomical variants in the sinonasal tract. There are numerous sinonasal anatomical variants found frequently in computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses. Middle turbinate concha bullosa is a common anatomical variant found in the nasal cavity. Pneumatization of the middle turbinate is called as concha bullosa. The pneumatization of the middle turbinate is mostly via the anterior ethmoidal air cells. Pneumatizations through posterior

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28

Ramli, RR, MS Adli, and Baharudin Abdullah. "Bilateral accessory middle turbinate presenting as double middle turbinate: A unique case report." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 25, no. 3 (2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_1774_21.

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29

Baban, Muaid I. Aziz, Hiwa A. Rawandizi, Hozan F. Ali, Sahar J. Hadi, and Shkar N. Mohammed. "Outcomes of middle turbinate-septal adhesion technique and trans-septal middle turbinate suture technique to prevent middle turbinate lateralization: a comparative study." Pan Arab Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 1 (2023): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58595/2090-7559.1000.

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30

Mahaseth, R. K., U. Gurung, and B. Pradhan. "Conchopexy Suture versus Bolgerization in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation following FESS." Rhinology Online 4, no. 4 (2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/21.020.

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Background: Middle turbinate lateralisation is the most common minor post-operative complication following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aimed to compare the outcome between Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization method in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Methodology: This was a prospective, comparative and interventional study conducted from May 2018 to November 2019 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 68 patients were divided equally into two groups. Following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the middle turbinate was medialise

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31

Milbrath, Mary M., Gonzalo Madiedo, and Robert J. Toohill. "Histopathological Analysis of the Middle Turbinate after Ethmoidectomy." American Journal of Rhinology 8, no. 1 (1994): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065894781882710.

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A goal in ethmoid sinus surgery is to ventilate the sinuses by complete removal of all diseased tissue in the ostiomeatal complex. Many surgeons routinely preserve the middle turbinate because they feel it is not part of the disease process and its structure is very important for proper nasal physiology. Other surgeons frequently remove such to facilitate exposure to the ostiomeatal complex and, more importantly, they postulate that it is chronically diseased. This study involved 22 adult patients with CAT scan Stage I:2, II:2, III:5, and IV:13 sinus disease who underwent intranasal ethmoidect

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32

Biedlingmaier, John F., and Philip J. Whelan. "Analysis for Olfactory Epithelium using Olfactory Marker Protein on Endoscopically Harvested Middle Turbinates." American Journal of Rhinology 10, no. 4 (1996): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065896782103144.

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The middle turbinate is thought to play a key role in olfaction, and many surgeons have cautioned against removal of the middle turbinate during endoscopic sinus surgery. We reviewed 110 patients having 198 partial middle turbinate resections and found that only one patient complained of postoperative anosmia (0.9%). To further investigate the presence of olfactory tissue on the middle turbinate, 36 sections from 12 endoscopically resected turbinate specimens were stained for olfactory tissue, using olfactory marker protein (OMP). Cadaveric olfactory cleft specimens served as positive controls

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San, Turhan, Selma San, Emre Gürkan, and Barış Erdoğan. "Bilateral Triple Concha Bullosa: A Very Rare Anatomical Variation of Intranasal Turbinates." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/851508.

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Pneumatization of the intranasal turbinates or concha bullosa is an anatomic variation of the lateral nasal wall. Concha bullosa is defined as the presence of air cells in turbinates. It can be best diagnosed with paranasal sinus computed tomography. Concha bullosa is a possible etiologic factor for recurrent sinusitis due to its negative effect on paranasal sinus ventilation and mucociliary clearance. Concha bullosa is most commonly seen in the middle turbinate and less frequently in the inferior or superior turbinate. Pneumatization of all turbinates is very rare. To our knowledge, there are

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34

Swanson, Paul B., Donald C. Lanza, Eugenia M. Vining, and David W. Kennedy. "The Effect of Middle Turbinate Resection upon the Frontal Sinus." American Journal of Rhinology 9, no. 4 (1995): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065895781873737.

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Diversity of opinion exists among otolaryngologists regarding the importance of preserving the middle turbinate during sinus surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not middle turbinate resection has a bearing upon postoperative disease within the frontal sinus. In this retrospective analysis of 110 consecutive patients with chronic or recurrent acute sinusitis, 69 (case group) had previous middle turbinectomy and 41 patients (control group) had intact middle turbinate after prior sinus surgery. In 42 patients, CT scans were scored and defined as having either mild-modera

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35

Badia, Lydia, Abhi Parikh, and Gerold B. Brookes. "Pyocele of the middle turbinate." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 9 (1994): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100128117.

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AbstractMucoceles are uncommon and the majority occur in the fronto-ethmoidal complex. We present the first case of a secondarily infected mucocele arising from a concha bullosa of the middle turbinate. It was excised intranasally with complete resolution of symptoms.

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36

Djian, C., A. L. Gaultier, S. Chartier, and O. Laccourreye. "Colonization of the middle turbinate." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 135, no. 1 (2018): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2017.09.001.

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37

Marchioni, Daniele, Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli, Francesco Mattioli, et al. "Middle turbinate preservation versus middle turbinate resection in endoscopic surgical treatment of nasal polyposis." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 128, no. 9 (2008): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016480701827541.

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38

Sindwani, R. "Middle turbinate preservation versus middle turbinate resection in endoscopic surgical treatment of nasal polyposis." Yearbook of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2009 (January 2009): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1041-892x(09)79420-x.

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39

Dhungana, Anup, Sumedh Mishra, Rupesh Raj Joshi, Shivani Shrestha, and Bishal Poudel. "Variations of Middle Turbinate in Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Nepal Medical College Journal 27, no. 2 (2025): 119–22. https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v27i2.80539.

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal sinuses lasting more than 12 weeks. Anatomical variations of the middle turbinate, particularly concha bullosa and paradoxical curvature, have been proposed as potential contributing factors to CRS by affecting sinus ventilation and mucociliary clearance. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of middle turbinate variations in patients with CRS using computed tomography (CT) imaging. A cross-sectional observational hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Nepal Medical College Teaching Ho

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40

Ozturan, O., A. Yenigun, N. Degirmenci, and F. Yilmaz. "‘Conchae bullosis’: a rare case with bilateral triple turbinate pneumatisations." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 1 (2012): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112002514.

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AbstractBackground:Concha bullosa is the pneumatisation of intranasal conchae (usually the middle turbinate, and rarely the inferior or superior turbinate); however, the term is generally used to describe aeration of the middle concha. Superior concha bullosa is a rare finding, and only a few cases of inferior concha bullosa have been reported in the medical literature. When symptomatic, concha bullosa may cause various problems including nasal congestion, headache, postnasal drip, anosmia and, sometimes, epiphora.Methodology:Computed tomography, following history-taking and physical examinati

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Rebeiz, Elie, and Mihaela Smith. "Endoscopic Medialization Middle Turbinoplasty in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 97, no. 12 (2018): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131809701210.

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Recurrence of sinonasal disease can be caused by many factors, including lateralization of the middle turbinate as a complication of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Different ESS procedures have been tried to prevent this complication. We conducted a prospective study to determine if medialization is an effective means of lateralizing the middle turbinate. Our study population was made up of 142 adults who underwent ESS from July 2013 through December 2014. A total of 235 sides were operated on; the middle turbinate was medialized in 90 patients (145 sides) and not medialized in 52 patients (9

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Aydil, U., and T. Özçelik. "Unilateral agenesis of middle nasal turbinate." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 4 (2009): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109991757.

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AbstractObjective:We present the first report of agenesis of the middle nasal turbinate.Method:We present a case report and briefly discuss the world literature.Results:A 57-year-old man presenting with sinonasal symptoms was evaluated clinically and radiologically. Agenesis of the patient's left middle turbinate was detected. Coronal computed tomography images showed a septal spur replacing the absent left middle turbinate.Conclusion:The lateral nasal wall has complex anatomy, and several anatomical variations have been reported. The most common anatomical variation of the middle nasal turbin

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43

Tanamai, Napas, Teeraporn Ratanaanekchai, Sanguansak Thanaviratananich, Kowit Chaisiwamongkol, and Thanarat Chantaumpalee. "Intranasal location of lacrimal sac in Thai cadavers." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 2 (2010): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0040.

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Abstract Background: Many current literatures have described that the lacrimal sac is located just anterior to the anterior attachment (axilla) of the middle turbinate. However, there was no data on the exact boundary of the sac, especially the distance related with a permanent landmark such as the middle turbinate attachment. Objective: Determine the intranasal location of the lacrimal sac related to the middle turbinate attachment in Thai fresh cadavers. Methods: The study was performed in 26 Thai fresh cadavers, donated to Khon Kaen University, Thailand between July 2006 and July 2007. The

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44

Alhaideri, Ali Jameel, Jaafer Mohammed Kadhim Al-Hassani, and Zeena Jamal Alkhazraji. "Evaluation of the Outcome of the Middle Turbinate Medialization (Fixation to Nasal Septum) by Various Surgical Technique." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 6 (2024): 1019–29. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(6).89.

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The primary objectives and essential aspects of ESS are to facilitate the proper drainage and ventilation of the afflicted groups of paranasal sinuses. The size and location of the middle turbinate directly impact the drainage of all paranasal sinuses. A prospective study has been conducted in the otolaryngology department at Al-Imamain Al-kadhmain teaching hospital from September 2021 to May 2023 on 180 selected patients, divided into three groups; each contains sixty patients with the following specific surgical intervention: group I: medialization of the middle turbinate only, group II: med

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Ali, Jameel Alhaideri, Mohammed Kadhim Al-Hassani Jaafer, and Jamal Alkhazraji Zeena. "Evaluation of the Outcome of the Middle Turbinate Medialization (Fixation to Nasal Septum) by Various Surgical Technique." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 6 (2024): 1019–29. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(6).89.

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The primary objectives and essential aspects of ESS are to facilitate the proper drainage and ventilation of the afflicted groups of paranasal sinuses. The size and location of the middle turbinate directly impact the drainage of all paranasal sinuses.  A prospective study has been conducted in the otolaryngology department at Al-Imamain Al-kadhmain teaching hospital from September 2021 to May 2023 on 180 selected patients, divided into three groups; each contains sixty patients with the following specific surgical intervention: group I: medialization of the middle turbinate only, group I

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Hisham Abdelkarim Al-rashdan, Faten Zaied Bani ata, Mohammad Saeed Sababhah, et al. "Anatomical variations of the inferior nasal turbinates, Computed Tomography (CT) based study." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 22, no. 1 (2025): 001–7. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.22.1.0347.

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Introduction The lateral nasal wall bony structures named the turbinates or concha plays an important anatomical and physiological role in the nose, also they are considered an important surgical land marks in the era of endoscopic sinus surgery. Those turbinates are prone to a variety of structural anatomical variations. Most of the studies are focusing on the middle turbinate anatomical variations with few studies that have been done on the inferior turbinate. Objective Investigate and report the incidence of inferior turbinate anatomical variations using computed tomography imaging. Methods

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Khalil, Hisham S., Arash H. Naraghi, and Desmond A. Nunez. "Dislocation of the Turbinate: A Rare Complication of Middle Turbinate Surgery." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 86, no. 6 (2007): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130708600614.

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We describe a rare complication of turbinate surgery—dislocation of the turbinate—in a woman who had undergone surgical treatment for nasal obstruction 10 years earlier. Removal of the displaced yet still-viable turbinate resulted in resolution of her symptoms.

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Karpishchenko, S. A., E. V. Bolozneva, A. Yu Golubev, and E. E. Kozyreva. "Influence of shape of middle turbinate on development of recurrent rhinosinusitis." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 20, no. 3 (2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-3-108-114.

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In the presence of a paradoxically curved middle nasal turbinate, treatment tactics may be different. To achieve the best effect in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, in some cases, a complete resection of the middle nasal turbinate is performed. However, in this group of patients in the postoperative period, complaints may appear from the quality of nasal breathing, which is associated with the development of paradoxically difficult breathing, when with sufficient passage of the air jet, the patient complains of difficulty in nasal breathing. Also, these patients are characterized by a

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U.S., Khasanov, and Ruzimurodov A. "ENDOSCOPIC TRANSNASAL SPHENOTOMY AND RESECTION OF BULLOUS MIDDLE TURBINATE." International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 3, no. 10 (2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/volume03issue10-10.

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Sphenoiditis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus. As a rule, changes in the main sinus are combined with other rhinological pathology, while its isolated lesion accounts for only 1-2% of cases among all inflammatory pathologies of the paranasal sinuses. The anatomical and topographical features of the location of the sphenoid sinus, as well as the nonspecificity of symptoms, lead to late diagnosis of this disease. Among the complaints presented by patients, the most common is headache without clear localization (72%). In second place in terms of frequency of

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Tyrnova, E. V. "HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE NASAL AND SINONASAL MUCOSA." Medical academic journal 19, no. 1S (2019): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj191s1184-186.

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Sensitive receptors of the olfactory sensory system are located in the nasal cavity mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3) gene expression in the surface epithelium of the nasal and sinonasal mucosa. Surgical samples from patients with nasal and sinonasal disease (n = 85) (sinus maxillaries mucosa, choana polyps, middle nasal passage polyps, sinus maxillaries polyps, inferior turbinate mucosa of hypertrophic rhinitis, inferior turbinate mucosa and the middle nasal passage mucosa as controls) were investigated. Total RNA was extracted and analysed by rea

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