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Academic literature on the topic 'Midget vegetables'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Midget vegetables"

1

Hodgdon, Elisabeth A., Rebecca H. Hallett, Chase A. Stratton, and Yolanda H. Chen. "Diel patterns of emergence and reproductive behaviour in the invasive swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 04 (June 18, 2019): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.21.

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AbstractSwede midge (Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a serious invasive pest of Brassica Linnaeus (Brassicaceae) oilseed and vegetable crops in Canada and the United States of America. Pheromone mating disruption is a promising new tactic for managing this difficult pest, but research is needed to determine how pheromone delivery can be optimised. With an understanding of swede midge diel mating patterns, pest managers could limit pheromone release to periods when midges are sexually active. We conducted a series of 24-hour trials to test whether swede midge exhibit diel periodicity of emergence, female calling, and male capture in pheromone traps. We found that females began releasing pheromones almost immediately following emergence within the first five hours after dawn. In the field, we found that males were most active from dawn until late morning, indicating that midges mate primarily during the first five hours of photophase. Low levels of reproductive activity during midday and nighttime hours present opportunities to turn off dispensers and reduce the cost of pheromone inputs in a swede midge mating disruption system.

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2

Bonelli, Marco, Daniele Bruno, Matteo Brilli, Novella Gianfranceschi, Ling Tian, Gianluca Tettamanti, Silvia Caccia, and Morena Casartelli. "Black Soldier Fly Larvae Adapt to Different Food Substrates through Morphological and Functional Responses of the Midgut." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 4955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144955.

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Modulation of nutrient digestion and absorption is one of the post-ingestion mechanisms that guarantees the best exploitation of food resources, even when they are nutritionally poor or unbalanced, and plays a pivotal role in generalist feeders, which experience an extreme variability in diet composition. Among insects, the larvae of black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, can grow on a wide range of feeding substrates with different nutrient content, suggesting that they can set in motion post-ingestion processes to match their nutritional requirements. In the present study we address this issue by investigating how the BSF larval midgut adapts to diets with different nutrient content. Two rearing substrates were compared: a nutritionally balanced diet for dipteran larvae and a nutritionally poor diet that mimics fruit and vegetable waste. Our data show that larval growth performance is only moderately affected by the nutritionally poor diet, while differences in the activity of digestive enzymes, midgut cell morphology, and accumulation of long-term storage molecules can be observed, indicating that diet-dependent adaptation processes in the midgut ensure the exploitation of poor substrates. Midgut transcriptome analysis of larvae reared on the two substrates showed that genes with important functions in digestion and absorption are differentially expressed, confirming the adaptability of this organ.

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3

Frey, Juerg E., Beatrice Frey, and Robert Baur. "Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 6 (December 2004): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-120.

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AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a major pest of Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.

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4

Lee, Chungkeun, Dong Sub Kim, Yurina Kwack, and Changhoo Chun. "Waste Nutrient Solution as an Alternative Fertilizer in Curled Mallow Cultivation." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n3p55.

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To determine the feasibility of reusing waste nutrient solution as an alternative fertilizer for vegetable production, we investigated the growth and shoot nutrient content of curled mallows (Malva verticillata L.) irrigated with tap water (pH 7.8, EC: 0.5 dS·m-1), nutrient solution (pH 5.7, EC: 2.7 dS·m-1) and waste nutrient solution (pH 5.0, EC: 2.2 dS·m-1 in average) collected from plant factories. Three waste nutrient solutions were applied in sequential order to a waste nutrient solution treatment and mineral compositions of irrigation solutions were analyzed. We measured the total number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and total phenolic content of curled mallow shoots and analyzed shoot and soil nutrient content using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Curled mallows were harvested twice during the cultivation. Curled mallows irrigated with waste nutrient solutions had a similar fresh weight (yield), total phenolic content and number of leaves compared to those grown with fresh nutrient solution, and had higher fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and percentage dry weight compared to those grown with tap water upon first and second harvest. The dry weight of curled mallows grown in waste nutrient solution was lower than that of plants grown in nutrient solution on first harvest, but there was no significant difference between the waste nutrient solution and nutrient solution groups on second harvest. Curled mallows irrigated with nutrient solution and waste nutrient solution showed similar mineral content. These results suggest that waste nutrient solution in curled mallow cultivation could be reused and provide more efficient and sustainable nutritional solutions that improve the productive yields of crops in the agriculture sector.

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5

Asha Renjith and Payal Lodha. "Histochemical changes in Piper nigrum Linn leaves infected with galls caused by Diptera." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 5467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3178.

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Piper Linn. (Black pepper) belongs to the family Piperaceae and an economically and medicinally important spice and is a native of Southern India. The gall tissues have shown various structural and physiological changes in the host tissues. The normal and gall tissue showed differential in terms of the metabolites and enzymes. The Diptera comprises a large group of insects including the common flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges are by the position of only the pair of wings. Some of them are , others feed on nectar or plant sap and decaying animal and vegetable matter and few others are blood sucking. When feeding on plant tissues these insects and mites inject or secrete a chemical substance into the plant that causes the plant to grow abnormally and produce a gall. Stimulus for gall formation is usually provided by the feeding stage of the insect. in the gall as until the completion and maturity of their life stages and emerges from the exit holes. present investigation, The intensity of starch, cellulose, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, lignin, and the viz. acid , and oxidase was observed in diseased leaf of Piper and estimated and the results have been discussed in the light of , induced by Diptera.

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6

Gaudioso, Giulia, Giulia Marzorati, Filippo Faccenda, Tobias Weil, Fernando Lunelli, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Giovanna Marino, et al. "Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115454.

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Sustainability of aquaculture is tied to the origin of feed ingredients. In search of sustainable fish meal-free formulations for rainbow trout, we evaluated the effect of Hermetia illucens meal (H) and poultry by-product meal (P), singly (10, 30, and 60% of either H or P) or in combination (10% H + 50% P, H10P50), as partial replacement of vegetable protein (VM) on gut microbiota (GM), inflammatory, and immune biomarkers. Fish fed the mixture H10P50 had the best growth performance. H, P, and especially the combination H10P50 partially restored α-diversity that was negatively affected by VM. Diets did not differ in the Firmicutes:Proteobacteria ratio, although the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was reduced in H and was higher in P and in the fishmeal control. H had higher relative abundance of chitin-degrading Actinomyces and Bacillus, Dorea, and Enterococcus. Actinomyces was also higher in H feed, suggesting feed-chain microbiome transmission. P increased the relative abundance of protein degraders Paeniclostridium and Bacteroidales. IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, COX-2, and TCR-β gene expression in the midgut and head kidney and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed that the diets did not compromise the gut barrier function or induce inflammation. H, P, and H10P50 therefore appear valid protein sources in fishmeal-free aquafeeds.

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7

Swiecicka, Izabela, Dennis K. Bideshi, and Brian A. Federici. "Novel Isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis That Produces a Quasicuboidal Crystal of Cry1Ab21 Toxic to Larvae of Trichoplusia ni." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 4 (December 14, 2007): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01955-07.

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ABSTRACT A new isolate (IS5056) of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis that produces a novel variant of Cry1Ab, Cry1Ab21, was isolated from soil collected in northeastern Poland. Cry1Ab21 was composed of 1,155 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 130.5 kDa, and a single copy of the gene coding for this endotoxin was located on a ∼75-kbp plasmid. When synthesized by the wild-type strain, Cry1Ab21 produced a unique, irregular, bipyramidal crystal whose long and short axes were both approximately 1 μm long, which gave it a cuboidal appearance in wet mount preparations. In diet incorporation bioassays, the 50% lethal concentrations of the crystal-spore complex were 16.9 and 29.7 μg ml−1 for second- and fourth-instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, respectively, but the isolate was essentially nontoxic to larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. A bioassay of autoclaved spore-crystal preparations showed no evidence of β-exotoxin activity, indicating that toxicity was due primarily to Cry1Ab21. Studies of the pathogenesis of isolate IS5056 in second-instar larvae of T. ni showed that after larval death the bacterium colonized and subsequently sporulated extensively throughout the cadaver, suggesting that other bacteria inhabiting the midgut lumen played little if any role in mortality. As T. ni is among the most destructive pests of vegetable crops in North America and has developed resistance to B. thuringiensis, this new isolate may have applied value.

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8

Xiao, Yingfang, Lance S. Osborne, Jianjun Chen, Cindy Mckenzie, Katherine Houben, and Fabieli Irizarry. "Evaluation of corn plant as potential banker plant for supporting predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in greenhouse vegetable production." Crop Protection 30, no. 12 (December 2011): 1635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2011.09.004.

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9

Jain, Robinson, and Mitter. "RNAi-Mediated Management of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci by Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNAs." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036011.

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The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a significant global pest of economically important vegetable, fibre, and ornamental crops. Whiteflies directly damage the plants by piercing and sucking essential nutrients, indirectly through honeydew secretion and by transmitting more than 200 plant viruses that cause millions of dollars in produce losses per year. Whitefly management is mostly reliant on the heavy use of chemical insecticides. However, this ultimately leads to increasing resistance development, detrimental effects on beneficial insects and biomagnification of ecologically harmful chemicals in the environment. Responding to consumer demands for more selective, less toxic, non-GM insect control strategies, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential game-changing solution. The RNA interference (RNAi) is a homology-dependent mechanism of gene silencing that represents a feasible and sustainable technology for the management of insect pests. In the present study, twenty-two whitefly genes were selected based on their essential function in the insect and tested in artificial diet bioassays for mortality and gene silencing efficacy. The nine most effective dsRNA constructs showed moderate-to-high whitefly mortality as compared to negative controls six days post-feeding. qPCR analysis further demonstrated significant knockdown of target gene mRNA expression. Additionally, uptake and spread of fluorescently labelled dsRNA was evident beyond the midgut of the whitefly supporting the systemic spreading of RNAi effectors. Taken together, the oral delivery of dsRNA shows effective RNAi mediated gene silencing of target genes and offers a viable approach for the development of dsRNA biopesticides against hemipteran pest.

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10

Zhang, Zhijian, Changying Zheng, Nemat O. Keyhani, Yulin Gao, and Junping Wang. "Infection of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, by the Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101910.

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The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is an aggressive agricultural insect pest causing significant damage to a wide range of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops. Beauveria bassiana is a broad-host-range entomopathogenic fungus capable of infecting and killing F. occidentalis. Infection of thrips by B. bassiana strain BbYT12 using a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL resulted in 81.48% mortality in adults in 6 d (LT50 = 90 ± 15.1 h). Scanning electron microscopy of the infection process revealed preferential adhesion and germination of fungal spores to inter-segmental folds or grooves on the insect body surface with penetrating germlings and extended hyphae visualized during the initial stages of infection (6–24 h). Histological analyses showed the appearance of in vivo hyphal bodies in sagittal sections and the fat body as early as 24 h post-infection. Within 72 h, hyphal bodies and hyphae could be found throughout the infected organism including in the midgut, Malphigian tubules, alimentary canal, ovarioles (in females), and an extended hyphal network could be seen on insect cadavers (>72 h post-infection). Real-time RT-PCR analyses of the expression of select genes implicated in virulence including the Pr1 protease, beauvericin synthase, involved in the production of the secondary metabolite beauvericin, two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases implicated in cuticular hydrocarbon degradation, two multidrug efflux proteins, a perilipin involved in lipid storage, and the Hog1 MAP kinase and protein kinase A signaling factors revealed discrete patterns of infection-time dependent expression. These data provide basic insights into the process of B. bassiana infection of F. occidentalis.

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Books on the topic "Midget vegetables"

1

Gardening with the new small plants: The complete guide to growing dwarf and miniature shrubs, flowers, trees, and vegetables. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

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2

Wolfe, Pamela. 200 tips for growing vegetables in the Midwest. Chicago, Ill: Chicago Review Press, 1993.

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3

A Midwest gardener's cookbook. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

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4

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service. Midwest vegetable production guide for commercial growers, 1993. Urbana, Ill.]: University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service, 1993.

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service. Midwest vegetable production guide '99 for commercial growers. Urbana, Ill.]: University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service, 1999.

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Elzer-Peters, Katie. Midwest fruit & vegetable gardening: Plant, grow, and harvest the best edibles. Minneapolis, Minn: Cool Springs Press, 2013.

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7

Gardening in the lower Midwest: A practical guide for the new zones 5 and 6. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.

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8

The best plants for Midwest gardens: Flowers, vegetables, shrubs, and trees for spectacular low-maintencance gardens season after season. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press, 1998.

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9

The complete guide to upper Midwest gardening: Techniques for flowers, shrubs, trees & vegetables in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, northern Michigan & southwestern Ontario. Minneapolis, Minn: Creative Pub. International, 2012.

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The complete guide to lower Midwest gardening: Techniques for flowers, shrubs, trees & vegetables in Missouri, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, West Virginia, southern Michigan & southern Ontario. Minneapolis, Minn: Creative Pub. International, 2012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Midget vegetables"

1

Miller, Steve Andrew, Ajit Srivastava, Steven Marquie, Youngsuk Dong, Lyndon Kelley, and Courtency Roberts. "A Solar-powered Drip Irrigation System for Sustainable Vegetable Production in the Midwest United States." In 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800461.

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Reports on the topic "Midget vegetables"

1

Kistner-Thomas, Erica. Recent Trends in Climate/Weather Impacts on Midwestern Fruit and Vegetable Production. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893747.ch.

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While the Midwest is famous for being the world’s leader in corn and soybean production, this region is also home to a variety of high value specialty crops. Specialty crops include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and nursery crops including floriculture.

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Ruijs, Marc, and Jan Benninga. Market potential and investment opportunities of high-tech greenhouse vegetable production in the USA : An exploratory study for Midwest and East Coast regions and the state of California. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/526843.

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