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1

Sarna, Sushil K. "Cyclic motor activity; migrating motor complex: 1985." Gastroenterology 89, no. 4 (1985): 894–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(85)90589-x.

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2

Takahashi, Toku. "Mechanism of Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex." Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 18, no. 3 (2012): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.246.

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3

Wingate, DavidL, JohnE Kellow, RichardC Gill, and Michael Horowitz. "VOMITING AND THE MIGRATING MOTOR COMPLEX." Lancet 329, no. 8523 (1987): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90731-8.

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4

Aytuğ, Neci˙p, Adnan Gi˙ral, Neşe I˙meryüz, et al. "Gender influence on jejunal migrating motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 2 (2001): G255—G263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.2.g255.

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The role of gender and the menstrual cycle in small bowel motility has not been clearly elucidated. Jejunal motility was recorded with a nasojejunal catheter incorporating five solid-state pressure transducers in ambulatory menstruating women and men of comparable age over 24 h. All women were studied twice, in the early follicular (early-F) and midluteal (mid-L) phases of the menstrual cycle, verified by determining serum levels of gonadal steroids and gonadotropins. The propagation velocity of phase III was slow and the contraction amplitude was high in both menstrual cycle phases compared w
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5

LINDBERG, G. "Nitric oxide and the migrating motor complex." Gut 44, no. 1 (1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.1.7.

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6

Dooley, Cornelius P., Carlo Di Lorenzo, and Jorge E. Valenzuela. "Variability of migrating motor complex in humans." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 37, no. 5 (1992): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01296429.

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7

Geldof, H., E. J. van der Schee, and J. L. Grashuis. "Electrogastrographic characteristics of interdigestive migrating complex in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 250, no. 2 (1986): G165—G171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.2.g165.

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Interdigestive myoelectric activity and mechanical activity were studied simultaneously by means of cutaneous electrodes (electrogastrography) and intraluminal pressure recording, respectively, in 10 healthy male volunteers. The aims of the present study were 1) to describe the characteristics of the electrogastrogram during the different phases of the interdigestive migrating complex (IMC) in healthy subjects and 2) to determine to what extent these characteristics can be used to identify the different phases of the IMC. The electrogastrograms were analyzed visually and by running-spectrum an
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8

Mueller, L. R., G. E. Duke, and O. A. Evanson. "Investigations of the migrating motor complex in domestic turkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 3 (1990): G329—G333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.3.g329.

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The motor correlate of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was characterized in domestic turkeys, and feeding state, age, sex, and time of day were examined as possible factors influencing the motor activity observed. Strain gauge transducers, and in a few birds Ag-AgCl bipolar electrodes, were implanted on the caudoventral thin muscle of the muscular stomach, the duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon. Contractility was recorded for 8-10 h per bird on alternating days for 2-3 wk, except in birds involved in four 24-h recording sessions during a 2-wk period. Intense motor activity characteristi
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9

Kumar, D., P. D. Thompson, and D. L. Wingate. "Absence of synchrony between human small intestinal migrating motor complex and rectal motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 258, no. 1 (1990): G171—G172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.1.g171.

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Both the human small intestine and rectum exhibit motor activity in which relatively brief bursts of powerful regular contractions recur with a similar periodicity. We used prolonged ambulant manometry to test the hypothesis that these activities are synchronous. Pressure activity from the duodenojejunum and the rectum was recorded continuously for 24 h in eight freely ambulant healthy adults. A total of 61 migrating motor complexes and 61 rectal motor complexes occurred in the group; the median periodicities of the two rhythms differed significantly (P = 0.025). There was no evidence of synch
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10

Hansen, Mark B., Lene Wallin, Einar Husebye, Louise Dommergaard, and Hans Gregersen. "Migrating Motor Complex in Colectomized Ileo Stoma Patients." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 108, no. 5 (2011): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00665.x.

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11

Ju, Lu, Jian-Hua Sun, Gao Lu, and Xiao-Liang Wu. "Colonic migrating motor complex: Generation and propagation mechanism." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 23, no. 26 (2015): 4221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v23.i26.4221.

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12

Diamant, N. E., S. A. Chung, and K. E. Hall. "The vagus, motilin, and the migrating motor complex." Gastroenterology 107, no. 6 (1994): 1912–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(94)90854-0.

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13

Gill, R. C., J. E. Kellow, and D. L. Wingate. "Gastro-oesophageal reflux and the migrating motor complex." Gut 28, no. 8 (1987): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.28.8.929.

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14

Konrad-Dalhoff, I., A. R. Baunack, T. R. Weihrauch, and J. Kuhlmann. "Influence of migrating motor complex on esophageal motility." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36, no. 9 (1991): 78S—83S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01300600.

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15

Thomas, E. A., H. Sjövall, and J. C. Bornstein. "Computational model of the migrating motor complex of the small intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 286, no. 4 (2004): G564—G572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00369.2003.

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The migrating motor complex (MMC) is a cyclic motor pattern with several phases enacted over the entire length of the small intestine. This motor pattern is initiated and coordinated by the enteric nervous system and modulated by extrinsic factors. Because in vitro preparations of the MMC do not exist, it has not been possible to determine the intrinsic nerve circuits that manage this motor pattern. We have used computer simulation to explore the possibility that the controlling circuit is the network of AH/Dogiel type II (AH) neurons. The basis of the model is that recurrent connections betwe
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16

Hyman, Paul E., Judy A. Napolitano, Alice Diego, et al. "Antroduodenal Manometry in the Evaluation of Chronic Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms." Pediatrics 86, no. 1 (1990): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.1.39.

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Intraluminal pressure in the gastric antrum and duodenum was studied in 44 children and adolescents referred for evaluation because of functional symptoms, including vomiting, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain. Manometric abnormalities were found in 39 patients (89%). Abnormalities during fasting included absence of the migrating motor complex; retrograde, phase 3-like episodes; increased frequency, decreased duration, and decreased amplitude of phase 3 episodes; tonic duodenal contractions; nonpropagated bursts of duodenal contractions; and consistently low-amplitude or absent contract
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17

Mathias, J. R., M. H. Clench, R. H. Davis, C. A. Sninsky, and V. M. Pineiro-Carrero. "Migrating action potential complex: unmasked by 6-hydroxydopamine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 249, no. 3 (1985): G416—G421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1985.249.3.g416.

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We have previously described the myoelectric characteristics of a single moving ring contraction, the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), in rabbit ileal loops exposed to certain bacteria or their enterotoxins. The MAPC is thought to act as a defense mechanism of the host, clearing unwanted substances from the lumen. In the present study, 6-hydroxydopamine, a substance that selectively destroys adrenergic varicosities containing the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, unmasked the MAPC from the activity front of the migrating motor complex in an unanesthetized rat model. The animals develo
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18

Tomomasa, Takeshi, Akihiro Morikawa, Richard H. Sandler, et al. "Gastrointestinal Sounds and Migrating Motor Complex in Fasted Humans." American Journal of Gastroenterology 94, no. 2 (1999): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00862.x.

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19

Nakajima, Hitoshi, Erito Mochiki, Aaron Zietlow, Kirk Ludwig, and Toku Takahashi. "Mechanism of interdigestive migrating motor complex in conscious dogs." Journal of Gastroenterology 45, no. 5 (2009): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-009-0190-z.

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20

Takahashi, Toku. "Interdigestive migrating motor complex -its mechanism and clinical importance." Journal of Smooth Muscle Research 49 (2013): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1540/jsmr.49.99.

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21

Tomomasa, T., T. Kuroume, H. Arai, K. Wakabayashi, and Z. Itoh. "Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 31, no. 2 (1986): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01300701.

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22

Romański, Krzysztof Waldemar. "Occurrence and characteristics of the migrating myoelectric complex in ovine gallbladder and its relationships to the small intestinal motility." European Journal of Biological Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.580794.

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An attempt has been made to identify the migrating motility complex in the ovine gallbladder and to span it with the small-intestinal pattern. For this purpose, four rams underwent surgical implantation of bipolar electrodes into the abomasal antrum, entire small bowel and gallbladder infundibulum, corpus and fundus. The strain gauge force transducer was also mounted in the gallbladder fundus, near the electrode. In the course of chronic experiments, the myoelectrical and motor activity was recorded in fasted and non-fasted rams, with or without feeding. Cyclic myoelectrical and motor activity
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23

MELLANDER, A., H. ABRAHAMSSON, and H. SJÖVALL. "The migrating motor complex-the motor component of a cholinergic enteric secretomotor programme?" Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 154, no. 3 (1995): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09917.x.

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24

Smith, D., B. Waldron, and F. C. Campbell. "Response of migrating motor complex to variation of fasting intraluminal content." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 4 (1992): G533—G537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.4.g533.

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The characteristics of the phases of the migrating motor complex (MMC) were studied in the antrum, duodenum, and jejunum after alteration of intraluminal gas and acaloric fluid in 17 healthy volunteers. Aspiration of gas and fluid from the upper gastrointestinal tract reduced motor activity. In the antrum and duodenum, phase II contraction amplitude decreased, while in the duodenum and jejunum, the duration of phase II decreased and phase I increased. Phase III contraction frequency decreased in the duodenum only. Intragastric instillation of gas caused an increase of phase II duration and con
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25

Kumar, D., C. Idzikowski, D. L. Wingate, E. E. Soffer, P. Thompson, and C. Siderfin. "Relationship between enteric migrating motor complex and the sleep cycle." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 6 (1990): G983—G990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.6.g983.

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To address the question of synchrony between two major biorhythms with a similar periodicity, the cortical rapid eye movement (REM)/non-REM sleep cycle and the enteric migrating motor complex (MMC cycle), we recorded upper small bowel motor activity and sleep activity during nocturnal and diurnal sleep in six healthy subjects. Motility was measured continuously using a fine (2.2 mm OD) and relatively comfortable nasojejunal probe with two pressure-sensitive microtransducers positioned under fluoroscopic control on either side of the ligament of Treitz. Sleep stages were recorded while the subj
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26

LÖRDAL, M., and P. M. HELLSTRÖM. "5-Hydroxytryptamine: initiator of phase 3 of migrating motor complex." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 155, no. 2 (1995): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09969.x.

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27

Zangen, Sam, Gabrielle Solzi, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Alejandro F. Flores, S. Naru Reddy, and Paul E. Hyman. "Migrating motor complex (MMC) persists during continous feeding in children." Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (2000): A412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)83759-2.

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28

Stevenson, Giles W., Steven M. Collins, and Sat Somers. "Radiological appearance of migrating motor complex of the small intestine." Gastrointestinal Radiology 13, no. 1 (1988): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01889063.

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29

Sarna, S. K. "Myoelectric correlates of colonic motor complexes and contractile activity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 250, no. 2 (1986): G213—G220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.2.g213.

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This report describes the myoelectric correlates of colonic motor complexes and contractile activity. A set of four bipolar electrode/strain-gauge pairs was surgically implanted on the colon of each of the five dogs used in this study. Each recording site showed a cyclic occurrence of bursts of contractions called contractile states. The colonic muscle contracted mainly at two frequencies during a contractile state, long-duration contractions at 0.5-2 cycles/min and short-duration contractions at 4-6 cycles/min. The long-duration contractions at 0.5-2 cycles/min were associated with bursts of
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30

Ehrlein, H. J., M. Schemann, and M. L. Siegle. "Motor patterns of small intestine determined by closely spaced extraluminal transducers and videofluoroscopy." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 253, no. 3 (1987): G259—G267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.3.g259.

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In the canine small intestine several simple (S) and complex (C) patterns of propulsive and nonpropulsive activities were found. The nonpropulsive activity consisted of 1) stationary individual contractions (S) and 2) stationary clusters of contractions (C). Patterns leading to aboral propulsion of luminal contents were 1) propagating contractions (S), 2) propagating power contractions (S), 3) phase III of the migrating motor complex (C), and 4) migrating clusters of contractions (C). The propagation velocities of the propulsive motor patterns differed markedly; they increased in the following
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31

Sarna, S. K., M. F. Otterson, R. P. Ryan, and V. E. Cowles. "Nitric oxide regulates migrating motor complex cycling and its postprandial disruption." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 4 (1993): G759—G766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.4.g759.

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We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of migrating motor complex (MMC) cycling during the fasting state and its postprandial disruption. Intravenous infusion of Nohgr-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) first produced a premature MMC and then disrupted MMC cycling for the rest of the day. The cycle length of the MMCs was significantly shorter than the control on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th day after l-NAME infusion. The gastric cyclic motor activity (CMA) did not usually exhibit a premature cycle on the day of l-NAME infusion but was disrupted by l-NAME infusion; the dur
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32

Tack, J., B. Coulie, A. Wilmer, T. Peeters, and J. Janssens. "Actions of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor agonist sumatriptan on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in man." Gut 42, no. 1 (1998): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.1.36.

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Background—Pharmacological studies of the enteric nervous system have shown the presence of several subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor, which might be involved in control of the migrating motor complex.Aims—To study the effect of sumatriptan, an agonist of enteric neuronal 5HT1P receptors, on interdigestive motility in man.Subjects and methods—In 12 healthy subjects, interdigestive motility was recorded manometrically in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In seven subjects blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes for radioimmunoassay of motilin and somatostatin. After two phase 3s
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33

Tanaka, Toshiyuki, Michael L. Kendrick, Nicholas J. Zyromski, Tobias Meile, and Michael G. Sarr. "Vagal innervation modulates motor pattern but not initiation of canine gastric migrating motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 1 (2001): G283—G292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g283.

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To determine the role of vagal nerves in initiation and modulation of the gastric migrating motor complex (MMC), motor activity was recorded in four dogs before and after total abdominal vagotomy during fasting, after exogenous intravenous motilin and insulin, and after feeding. After vagotomy, a temporally coordinated cyclic gastric and small bowel MMC persisted with an unchanged period. During gastric phase III, vagotomy decreased number of contractions (42 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 2), number of groupings of contractions (14 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1), and motility index (12 ± 1 vs. 10 ± 1) and increased the durati
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34

CAI, Jian-mei, and Luo XU. "Effect of thyroid motilin on migrating motor complex in fasting rats." Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 29, no. 12 (2010): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1008.2009.01338.

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35

Liu, Mei, Su-Jun Zheng, Weihong Xu, Jianying Zhang, Yu Chen, and Zhongping Duan. "Changing Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex in Rats under Acute Liver Injury." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/634281.

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Gastrointestinal motility disorder is a major clinical manifestation of acute liver injury, and interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) is an important indicator. We investigated the changes and characteristics of MMC in rats with acute liver injury. Acute liver injury was created byD-galactosamine, and we recorded the interdigestive MMC using a multichannel physiological recorder and compared the indexes of interdigestive MMC. Compared with normal controls, antral MMC Phase I duration was significantly prolonged and MMC Phase III duration was significantly shortened in the rats with acut
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36

Zhang, Zhen-Ni, Lei Dong, Xin Liu, and Yi Li. "Effect of bile acid enterohepatic circulation on interdigestive migrating motor complex." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 12, no. 11 (2004): 2610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v12.i11.2610.

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37

Liu, C. J., S. C. Huang, Y. C. Huang, C. Y. Liu, and H. I. Chen. "Sonographic demonstration of human small intestinal migrating motor complex phase III." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 25, no. 2 (2012): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12023.

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38

Brierley, Stuart M., Kim Nichols, Dallas J. Grasby, and Sally A. Waterman. "Neural mechanisms underlying migrating motor complex formation in mouse isolated colon." British Journal of Pharmacology 132, no. 2 (2001): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0703814.

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39

Hellström, Per M., Linda Gillberg, Maria Lönnkvist, Wiveca Ring-Persson, Peter T. Schmidt, and Erik Naslund. "T1788 No - Tonic Suppression of the Migrating Motor Complex in Man." Gastroenterology 136, no. 5 (2009): A—580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(09)62669-x.

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40

Kumar, Devinder, David Wingate, and Yves Ruckebusch. "Circadian variation in the propagation velocity of the migrating motor complex." Gastroenterology 91, no. 4 (1986): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(86)90696-7.

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41

NEMANICH, M., K. E. BEHRNS, and M. G. SARR. "Motilin, erythromycin, and the gastric migrating motor complex: site of action." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 5, no. 4 (2008): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1993.tb00129.x.

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42

NILSSON, I., T. SVENBERG, G. HEDENBORG, M. LÖRDAL, and P. M. HELLSTRÖM. "Inhibition of the migrating motor complex by duodenal drainage in man." Neurogastroenterology & Motility 7, no. 1 (1995): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00206.x.

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43

Gorard, D. A., C. K. Vesselinova-Jenkins, G. W. Libby, and M. J. G. Farthing. "Migrating motor complex and sleep in health and irritable bowel syndrome." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 40, no. 11 (1995): 2383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02063242.

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44

Rodriguez-Membrilla, A., V. Martinez, M. Jimenez, E. Gonalons, and P. Vergara. "Is nitric oxide the final mediator regulating the migrating myoelectric complex cycle?" American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 2 (1995): G207—G214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.2.g207.

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The main objective was to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the conversion of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC) to the irregular electrical activity characteristic of the postprandial state. Both rats and chickens were implanted with electrodes for electromyography in the small intestine. Intravenous infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a NO synthase inhibitor, induced an organized MMC-like pattern in fed rats. Infusion of sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, disrupted the MMC, inducing a postprandial-like motor pattern in fasting rats. Similarly, in chickens L-NNA mimicked the fasti
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45

Islam, Md Ariful, Ho Jin Choi, Raju Dash, et al. "N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine Kinase Interacts with NudC and Lis1 in Dynein Motor Complex and Promotes Cell Migration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010129.

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Recently, we showed that N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK), an enzyme of amino sugar metabolism, interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and promotes the functions of dynein motor. Here, we report that NAGK interacts with nuclear distribution protein C (NudC) and lissencephaly 1 (Lis1) in the dynein complex. Yeast two-hybrid assays, pull-down assays, immunocytochemistry, and proximity ligation assays revealed NAGK–NudC–Lis1–dynein complexes around nuclei, at the leading poles of migrating HEK293T cells, and at the tips of migratory processes of cultured rat neuroblast cell
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46

Moon, Sang Hui, Heung Kwon Oh, Seungbum Ryoo, Eun Kyung Choe, Jung Sun Moon, and Kyu Joo Park. "Changes in Migrating Motor Complex after Bowel Obstruction in the Murine Ileum." Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology 26, no. 3 (2010): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.3.171.

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47

A. W. Medhus, O. Sandstad, E. Näslu. "The Influence of the Migrating Motor Complex on the Postprandial Endocrine Response." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 34, no. 10 (1999): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655299750025129.

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48

Spencer, N. J., and R. A. Bywater. "Enteric nerve stimulation evokes a premature colonic migrating motor complex in mouse." Neurogastroenterology and Motility 14, no. 6 (2002): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00367.x.

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49

K. Hallberg, H. Abrahamsson, J. Dal. "Gastric Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis in Relation to the Migrating Motor Complex." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 36, no. 2 (2001): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365520118150.

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50

K. Hallberg, A. Mattsson-Rydberg, L. "Gastric IgA in Cystic Fibrosis in Relation to the Migrating Motor Complex." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 36, no. 8 (2001): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365520120883.

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