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Journal articles on the topic 'Migration and Food packaging'
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1
YENIDOĞAN, SEMIHA, CEM AYDEMIR, and CANAN EKINCI DOĞAN. "PACKAGING–FOOD INTERACTION AND CHEMICAL MIGRATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 57, no. 9-10 (2023): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.91.
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"Food packaging is intended to protect food and extend its shelf life, but it may affect food quality and safety because of chemical migration. Food quality and safety regarding packaging is a significant global concern. Legislations have an essential role in providing regulatory guidance on quality assurance systems and verifying their implementation as a means of regulatory compliance. The large number of various materials used in the manufacture of packages complicates the evaluation of food–packaging interactions. This review is an overview of literature data on the effects of printed food packaging on the migration of chemicals into foods, as well as on various migration sources of chemical compounds. Various aspects, such as the interaction between packaging and food starting with the production process of food packaging to food–packaging contact during storage, the effects of primary and secondary packaging on chemical migration, permeability of packaging materials, inkinduced migration in printed packaging, and types of transition from packaging to food, were examined in detail. Besides, studies on subjects such as the food contact materials analysis used to test the phenomenon of migration in foods and migration limits have been discussed. Moreover, studies on the use of recycled paper in packaging and its effect on migration, ink chemicals resulting from recycling and studies on this subject are included. Information is given on measures to reduce the effect of migration, low migration of printing inks, coatings and adhesives, and materials used in barrier applications. In line with this research study, suggestions were made for measures to reduce the harmful effects of chemical migration on human health and to prevent the risk of migration from packaging to food."
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Tice, P. A. "Migration from Packaging into Food." British Food Journal 94, no. 9 (1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709210022091.
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Muzeza, Celia, Veronica Ngole-Jeme, and Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati. "The Mechanisms of Plastic Food-Packaging Monomers’ Migration into Food Matrix and the Implications on Human Health." Foods 12, no. 18 (2023): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183364.
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The development of packaging technology has become a crucial part of the food industry in today’s modern societies, which are characterized by technological advancements, industrialization, densely populated cities, and scientific advancements that have increased food production over the past 50 years despite the lack of agricultural land. Various types of food-packaging materials are utilized, with plastic being the most versatile. However, there are certain concerns with regards to the usage of plastic packaging because of unreacted monomers’ potential migration from the polymer packaging to the food. The magnitude of monomer migration depends on numerous aspects, including the monomer chemistry, type of plastic packaging, physical–chemical parameters such as the temperature and pH, and food chemistry. The major concern for the presence of packaging monomers in food is that some monomers are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with a capability to interfere with the functioning of vital hormonal systems in the human body. For this reason, different countries have resolved to enforce guidelines and regulations for packaging monomers in food. Additionally, many countries have introduced migration testing procedures and safe limits for packaging monomer migration into food. However, to date, several research studies have reported levels of monomer migration above the set migration limits due to leaching from the food-packaging materials into the food. This raises concerns regarding possible health effects on consumers. This paper provides a critical review on plastic food-contact materials' monomer migration, including that from biodegradable plastic packaging, the monomer migration mechanisms, the monomer migration chemistry, the key factors that affect the migration process, and the associated potential EDC human health risks linked to monomers' presence in food. The aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge and understanding of plastic food-packaging monomer migration.
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Yang, Yu, Guang Xue Chen, and Yan Yan Cui. "Study on Formaldehyde Migration Rules in Products of Tripolycyanamide for Food Packaging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.450.
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In this work we studied the migration amount of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging. In order to review the rule of products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging, with different stimulant solutions, simulated temperatures and soaking time, the migration quantities of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging into deionized water, 3% acetic acid and 15% ethanol were measured by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride spectrophotometry. The amounts of formaldehyde migrated to 3 % acetic acid was higher than those of 15 % ethanol. Espousing in higher temperature , amount of formaldehyde of the products of tripolycyanamide were migrated more. And the total migrations of formaldehyde in three exposures was beyond the EU specific migration limits for formaldehyde (15 mg/L ).With the higher temperature exposure was done , the amount of formaldehyde migration reaches maximum in lower number of repeated exposures. We also discussed the formaldehyde migration rule for different surface roughness of food packaging materials.
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Primožič, Mateja, Željko Knez, and Maja Leitgeb. "(Bio)Nanotechnology in Food Science—Food Packaging." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020292.
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Background: Bionanotechnology, as a tool for incorporation of biological molecules into nanoartifacts, is gaining more and more importance in the field of food packaging. It offers an advanced expectation of food packaging that can ensure longer shelf life of products and safer packaging with improved food quality and traceability. Scope and approach: This review recent focuses on advances in food nanopackaging, including bio-based, improved, active, and smart packaging. Special emphasis is placed on bio-based packaging, including biodegradable packaging and biocompatible packaging, which presents an alternative to most commonly used non-degradable polymer materials. Safety and environmental concerns of (bio)nanotechnology implementation in food packaging were also discussed including new EU directives. Conclusions: The use of nanoparticles and nanocomposites in food packaging increases the mechanical strength and properties of the water and oxygen barrier of packaging and may provide other benefits such as antimicrobial activity and light-blocking properties. Concerns about the migration of nanoparticles from packaging to food have been expressed, but migration tests and risk assessment are unclear. Presumed toxicity, lack of additional data from clinical trials and risk assessment studies limit the use of nanomaterials in the food packaging sector. Therefore, an assessment of benefits and risks must be defined.
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Gupta, Rakesh Kumar, Sunil Pipliya, Sangeetha Karunanithi, et al. "Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Materials into Packaged Foods: Interaction, Mechanism, Assessment, and Regulations." Foods 13, no. 19 (2024): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13193125.
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The migration of chemical compounds from packaging polymers to food presents a multifaceted challenge with implications for food safety and public health. This review explores the interaction between packaging materials and food products, focusing on permeation, migration, and sorption processes. The different migration mechanisms of contact migration, gas phase migration, penetration migration, set-off migration, and condensation/distillation migration have been discussed comprehensively. The major migrating compounds are plasticizers, nanoparticles, antioxidants, light stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, monomers, oligomers, printing inks, and adhesives, posing potential health risks due to their association with endocrine disruption and carcinogenic effects. Advanced analytical methods help in the monitoring of migrated compounds, facilitating compliance with regulatory standards. Regulatory agencies enforce guidelines to limit migration, prompting the development of barrier coatings and safer packaging alternatives. Furthermore, there is a need to decipher the migration mechanism for mitigating it along with advancements in analytical techniques for monitoring the migration of compounds.
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Schmid, Petra, and Frank Welle. "Chemical Migration from Beverage Packaging Materials—A Review." Beverages 6, no. 2 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6020037.
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The packaging of a beverage is an essential element for customer convenience and the preservation of beverage quality. On the other hand, chemical compounds present in the packaging materials, either intentionally added or non-intentionally, may be transferred to the food. With a huge variety of materials used in the production, beverage packaging requires safety assessments with respect to the migration of packaging compounds into the filled beverages. The present article deals with potential migrants from different materials for beverage packaging, including PET bottles, glass bottles, metal cans and cardboard multilayers. The list of migrants comprises monomers and additives, oligomers or degradation products. The article presents a review on scientific literature and summarizes European food regulatory requirements. The review shows no evidence of critical substances migrating from packaging into beverages. Testing the migration in real beverages during and at the end of the shelf life shows compliance with the specific migration limits. Accelerated testing using food simulants, however, shows higher migration in some cases, especially at high temperatures in ethanolic simulants. For some migrants, more realistic testing conditions should be applied in order to show compliance with their specific migration limits.
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Votavová, L., J. Dobiáš, M. Voldřich, and H. Čížková. "Migration of nonylphenols from polymer packaging materials into food simulants." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 4 (2009): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2008-cjfs.
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<I>p</I>-Nonylphenol (NP) is widely used in many industrial applications (detergents, latex paints, pesticides, and plastics), and its presence in the environment has acquired an increasing concern since it was shown to be, besides its persistence and toxicity, an estrogenic compound. Seven samples of stretch PVC films and two PVC dishes for food packaging obtained from food producers were analysed for the presence of NP. Four of the PVC films contained NP at the concentrations of 0.44 mg/g, 1.03 mg/g, 1.28 mg/g, and 1.72 mg/g, respectively, while NP was not detected (the detection level being 5 &mu;g/g) in the remaining films and two dishes. The NP positive films were used for the studies of NP migration into the food simulants. The levels of NP migration into the food simulants: distilled water, 3% acetic acid solution, and 95% ethanol were 0.017– 0.091 mg/g (3.2–5.3%), 0.013–0.079 mg/g (2.9–4.6%), and 0.125–0.449 mg/g (21.5–35.0%), respectively. The potential safety risks estimated from the results obtained as well as the possible sources of the NP contamination in the analysed stretch PVC food films are discussed in the following article.
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Echegoyen, Yolanda, Silvia Rodríguez, and Cristina Nerín. "Nanoclay migration from food packaging materials." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 33, no. 3 (2016): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1136844.
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Gortseva, L. V., T. P. Kostiuchenko, T. V. Shutova, O. S. Martynova, V. V. Zaval'na, and A. V. Demianov. "Food packaging: usage features and processing." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 52, no. 1 (2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2020-52-1-54-58.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of polymer packaging for food products, as well as the possible risks that arise in the process of use and its processing. The Aim of the Article. Determine the toxic substances of the packaging component composition and carry out comprehensive analytical control on the content of priority pollutants to prevent adverse effects on food products, the environment, the human body, and outline the possible risks of polymeric food packaging recycling. Methods and Materials. To identify and define the levels of chemical substances and toxic elements migration from different polymeric material types and products from them. The methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, mass-spectrometry were applied using modern validated methods. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the researches, it is established that a large group of chemicals gets from the polymeric packaging to the contacting media, and in some cases their number exceeds the hygienic standard – ANM (acceptable number of migration). The increase in the number of chemicals migrating from the packaging material, as well as the levels of content of new excipients (dyes, decomposition products, impurities) that are formed after recycling of polymeric materials, is evidenced by the results of many research works. Conclusions. Careful monitoring of the migration levels of toxic components from different types of packaging materials and products into contact media should be carried out to assess the risks and their negative effects on food and human health. At the legislative level, control over the processing of plastic packaging for food should also be realized, taking into account the possibility of the formation of new chemicals and toxic elements. Key Words: packaging, safety, food products, risks.
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Begley, Timothy H. "PFAAs in food and migration from food packaging." Reproductive Toxicology 33, no. 4 (2012): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.016.
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Cui, Yan Yan, Yu Yang, and Guang Xue Chen. "Study on the Migration Process of Food Packaging Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.436.
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With the rapid development of materials science, polymers are widely used in food packaging. Because the polymer modification process can lead to the formation of low molecular weight compounds, these substances which migrate from packaging materials to food bring many hidden dangers to food safety and threaten peoples health. In order to ensure the safety of food packaging materials, it is necessary to completely study and discuss the migration process of low molecular weight compounds, and then take effective methods to control the pollutants. The real process of polymer components in food package migration is quite complex, which is affected by many non-ideal factors. If we simply analysis the migration model, the actual results could not be got. We use migration model combining with the methods of modern analysis instruments on the basis of migration model, the model will have more practical application. The paper is based on migration theory and migration model. Under the existing experimental conditions, truly simulate the migration process of food packaging materials by using modern analytical measurement instruments and experimental simulation tools. Combine the theory and practice, analyze the migration and migration influencing factors of PS extract from qualitative and quantitative aspects. It is of great practical significance in solving the food safety problems which caused by migration from food packaging materials.
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Panou, Andreas, and Ioannis Konstantinos Karabagias. "Migration and Safety Aspects of Plastic Food Packaging Materials: Need for Reconsideration?" Coatings 14, no. 2 (2024): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14020168.
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The aim and the novelty of the present review article was to provide the literature with a collective study focusing on the migration and safety issues in plastic food packaging materials that have been raised in recent years and proposing the use of safer and biodegradable ones. The conventional packaging materials used for the preservation of foods may exhibit many disadvantages that are related to the migration of micromolecular chemical substances incorporated in the packaging material net to the packaged food. There are many chemical substances in the matrix of plastic packaging materials and epoxy-resins that are used in food packaging materials, varnishes, and can coatings. Many migrants have high toxicity, such as acetaldehyde, antimony, antimony (III) oxide, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) phosphate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bisphenol A, and the plasticizers di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), di-n-butyl phthalate, benzyl-butylphthalate, di-isononylphthalate, and di-isododecylphthalate. It is therefore necessary to take a detailed look at the migrants in conventional packaging materials (plastics) used for foods, point out the migration of certain compounds into foods and the need to reconsider their use, and establish updated protocols for the safety of consumers and the industrial production of biodegradable packaging materials (films or coatings) based on natural sources.
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Muncke, Jane. "Tackling the toxics in plastics packaging." PLOS Biology 19, no. 3 (2021): e3000961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000961.
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The widespread use of plastic packaging for storing, transporting, and conveniently preparing or serving foodstuffs is significantly contributing to the global plastic pollution crisis. This has led to many efforts directed toward amending plastic packaging’s end of life, such as recycling, or alternative material approaches, like increasingly using paper for food packaging. But these approaches often neglect the critical issue of chemical migration: When contacting foodstuffs, chemicals that are present in packaging transfer into food and thus unwittingly become part of the human diet. Hazardous chemicals, such as endocrine disrupters, carcinogens, or substances that bioaccumulate, are collectively referred to as “chemicals of concern.” They can transfer from plastic packaging into food, together with other unknown or toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals. This chemical transfer is scientifically undisputed and makes plastic packaging a known, and avoidable, source of human exposure to synthetic, hazardous, and untested chemicals. Here, I discuss this issue and highlight aspects in need of improvement, namely the way that chemicals present in food packaging are assessed for toxicity. Further, I provide an outlook on how chemical contamination from food packaging could be addressed in the future. Robust innovations must attempt systemic change and tackle the issue of plastic pollution and chemical migration in a way that integrates all existing knowledge.
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ARVANITOYANNIS, IOANNIS S., and LOULOUDA BOSNEA. "Migration of Substances from Food Packaging Materials to Foods." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 44, no. 2 (2004): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408690490424621.
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Katsara, Klytaimnistra, Zacharias Viskadourakis, George Kenanakis, and Vassilis M. Papadakis. "Microplastic Migration from Food Packaging on Cheese." Microplastics 4, no. 2 (2025): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics4020017.
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Cretan Graviera cheese is one of Greece’s most prized cheeses and holds a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status. For years, food packaging migration has been a key concern in food and health sciences, with plastics like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) widely used for cheese preservation and convenient handling during transport and storage. This study focused on Cretan Graviera cheese, examining two different levels of maturity: 4 and 8 months. The cheese samples were analyzed using two complementary vibrational spectroscopic techniques, FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy, to assess the migration of LDPE and PP from plastic packaging to the cheese’s surface. The experimental period was set at 21 days, corresponding to the degradation time of the selected cheese, which becomes apparent after three weeks under refrigerated conditions at 7 °C. The results indicate that, with Raman and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, LDPE and PP migration can occur from the plastic packaging to the surface of Graviera samples with different maturities. Microbial growth was observed sooner in the 4-month-old samples and 8-month-old samples. The migration of food packaging materials was confirmed using both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, highlighting that Cretan Graviera cheese should be stored in appropriate packaging under refrigerated conditions at 7 °C.
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Zhanbolat, A. A., U. O. Tungyshbaeva, Sh S. Amanova, A. A. Nuriakhmet, and S. E. Aman. "DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN FOOD PACKAGES IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, no. 4(16) (2024): 136–43. https://doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2024-4(16)-18.
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Food quality and safety is one of the most important aspects of the food industry. One of the key factors to ensure food safety is packaging. Increasing number of food packaging materials is creating a demand for promoting products and brands that are safe for consumption. Food spoilage due to poor quality packaging causes huge loss not only to businesses but also to consumers. Despite the effectiveness of existing practices, retailers still face many challenges, including the materials used and their possible interaction with food. In addition, the transfer of harmful materials from packaging materials to food is still an issue. This study presents the results of determining the migration of heavy metals used in different types of food packaging in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Determination of heavy metal migration was carried out in aqueous extract by atomic absorption spectrometry. The practical value of the above research is to study the content of lead, zinc and chromium in the composition of various types of paper food packaging. The study revealed that the average amount of chromium migration in food packaging was in compliance with the requirements set out in TR/TC 005 2011 ‘On safety of packaging’, the values of lead and zinc migration were close to the limits set out in the Technical Regulation, which should be considered as a potential risk to human health if they can be reused without any pre-treatment as a source of recycled cellulose fibre.
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Yang, Shuhan. "Numerical Simulation and Risk Assessment of Chemical Migration Patterns in Food Packaging Materials." BIO Web of Conferences 182 (2025): 02002. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202518202002.
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This study conducts a numerical simulation and risk assessment of chemical migration in food packaging materials to predict and evaluate potential health risks. A comprehensive simulation model was developed, incorporating factors such as temperature, food composition, and packaging properties, which significantly influence the migration of chemicals. The model was calibrated with experimental data to ensure its predictive accuracy. The research identified key parameters that affect chemical migration, including the physical and chemical properties of packaging materials, environmental conditions, and the nature of the food product. The risk assessment component of the study provides a framework for evaluating the health implications of chemical exposure from food packaging. The findings underscore the importance of stringent safety standards in the food packaging industry to protect consumer health and guide the development of safer packaging materials. The study concludes by highlighting the practical applications of the simulation model in material selection and design processes, as well as the need for further research to address the long-term health effects of chemical migration.
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Till, Derek, Arthur D. Schwope, Daniel J. Ehntholt, et al. "Indirect Food Additive Migration from Polymeric Food Packaging Materials." CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 18, no. 3 (1987): 215–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408448709089862.
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Tan, Jia Xing, Guang Yu Li, Rui Jie Zhao, Guo Chao Yang, and Hong Jun Li. "Comparison of PAEs Migration Models and Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3012.
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As an important part of food safety, the safety of food packaging receives increasingly attention from public. Some chemicals in the food container or packaging would migration after contacting with food for a long time. We analyze three classical plasticizer migration models in China, and give contrast analysis. Then we measured the antioxidants migration status under different circumstances, getting the original experimental data. In addition, we adopt the best experiment scheme among the three methods, measuring the migration of antioxidants in different situations and obtain migration curves.
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Gavriil, Gavriil, Antonis Kanavouras, and Frank A. Coutelieris. "Food-packaging migration models: A critical discussion." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58, no. 13 (2017): 2262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1317630.
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Paidari, Saeed, Reza Tahergorabi, Ensieh Sadat Anari, Abdorezza Moahammdi Nafchi, Nafiseh Zamindar, and Mohammad Goli. "Migration of Various Nanoparticles into Food Samples; a Review." Foods 10, no. 9 (2021): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092114.
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Nanotechnology has provided new opportunities for the food industry with its applications in food packaging. The addition of nanoparticles, such as clay, silver and copper, can improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of food packaging. However, nanoparticles may have an adverse impact on human health. This has led to legislative and regulatory concerns. The inhibitory effects of nano packaging on different microorganisms, such as Salmonella, E. coli, and molds, have been studied. Nanoparticles, like other materials, may have a diverse set of properties that need to be determined. In this review, different features of silver, clay and copper nanoparticles, such as their anti-microbial, cell toxicity, genetic toxicity, mechanical properties, and migration, are critically evaluated in the case of food packaging. Specifically, the viewpoints of WHO, FDA, and ESFA, concerning the nano-silver application in food packaging, are discussed as well.
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Zhanbolat, Almas, Ulbala Tungyshbayeva, Raushangul Uazhanova, Zhanar Nabiyeva, Madina Yakiyayeva, and Abdysemat Samadun. "Evaluating heavy metal contamination in paper-based packaging for bakery products: a HACCP approach." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (September 27, 2024): 819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/2004.
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Food quality and safety are among the most important aspects of the food industry. The object of this study was packaging materials intended for packaging bakery products. One of the key factors for food safety is provided by packaging. The increase in food packaging materials creates a demand for promoting products and brands that are safe for consumption. Food spoilage due to poor-quality packaging causes huge losses not only to businesses but also to consumers. Despite the effectiveness of existing practices, retailers still face many challenges, including the materials used and their possible interaction with food. In addition, the transfer of harmful materials from packaging to food is still an issue. This study presents the results of an assessment of the migration of heavy metals used in different types of food packaging in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Determination of heavy metal migration was carried out in aqueous extract by atomic absorption spectrometry. The practical value of the above research is to study the content of lead, zinc and chromium in the composition of various types of paper food packaging. The assessment of the average migration level of heavy metals following the current requirements revealed that all types of paper contain significant amounts of lead and zinc, which do not meet the requirements for paper intended for food packaging. Thus, specific samples should be considered a potential risk to human health if reused without pre-treatment as a source of recycled cellulose fibre for producing packaging used in direct contact with foodstuffs.
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Wongphan, Phanwipa, Elena Canellas, Cristina Nerín, Carlos Estremera, Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit, and Paula Vera. "Screening and Relative Quantification of Migration from Novel Thermoplastic Starch and PBAT Blend Packaging." Foods 14, no. 13 (2025): 2171. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14132171.
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A novel biodegradable food packaging material based on cassava thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blends containing food preservatives was successfully developed using blown-film extrusion. This active packaging is designed to enhance the appearance, taste, and color of food products, while delaying quality deterioration. However, the incorporation of food preservatives directly influences consumer perception, as well as health and safety concerns. Therefore, this research aims to assess the risks associated with both intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) present in the developed active packaging. The migration of both intentionally and non-intentionally added substances (IAS and NIAS) was evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Fifteen different volatile compounds were detected, with the primary compound identified as 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione, originating from the PBAT component. This compound, along with others, resulted from the polymerization of adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and butanediol, forming linear and cyclic PBAT oligomers. Migration experiments were conducted using three food simulants—95% ethanol, 10% ethanol, and 3% acetic acid—over a period of 10 days at 60 °C. No migration above the detection limits of the analytical methods was observed for 3% acetic acid and 10% ethanol. However, migration studies with 95% ethanol revealed the presence of new compounds formed through interactions between the simulant and PBAT monomers or oligomers, indicating the packaging’s sensitivity to high-polarity food simulants. Nevertheless, the levels of these migrated compounds remained below the regulatory migration limits.
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Ungureanu, Elena Loredana, Gabriel Mustatea, and Mona Elena Popa. "Chemical contaminants migration from food contact materials into aqueous extracts." E3S Web of Conferences 215 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021501007.
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Cardboard packaging is widely used in the food industry, especially as secondary or tertiary packaging, or as transport packaging. In most cases, these packs may contain certain chemical contaminants that can be accidentally transferred to packaged foods. These contaminants include Bisphenol A (BPA) and Formaldehyde, which can cause significant adverse effects, especially to vulnerable persons. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to analyze by a UV - VIS spectrophotometric method the content of BPA and Formaldehyde from 17 corrugated board samples from Romanian producers. BPA concentrations varied between 0.044 mg/dm2 and 0.090 mg/dm2, while Formaldehyde concentrations were lower than 0.048 mg/dm2. The results were compared with the legislation in force to establish their compliance for contact with food.
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Katsara, Klytaimnistra, George Kenanakis, Eleftherios Alissandrakis, and Vassilis M. Papadakis. "Low-Density Polyethylene Migration from Food Packaging on Cured Meat Products Detected by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy." Microplastics 1, no. 3 (2022): 428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1030031.
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Food packaging has been demonstrated as a crucial issue for the migration of microplastics (MPs) into foodstuffs, concerning human health risk factors. Polymeric materials called plastics are continuously utilized in food packaging. Polyethylene (PE) is commonly used as a food packaging material, because it offers easy handling during transportation and optimal storage conditions for food preservation. In this work, three types of cured meat products of different fat compositions and meat processing methods—bacon, mortadella, and salami—were studied using spectroscopic methods (Raman and FT–IR/ATR) to determine the migration of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) from plastic packaging to the surface of the meat samples. The experimental duration of this study was set to be 28 days owing to the selected meat samples’ degradation, which started to become visible to the human eye after 10 days of storage in vacuum LDPE packaging, under refrigerated conditions at 4 °C. Spectroscopic measurements were performed at 0, 3, 9, 12, 15, and 28 days of storage to obtain comparative results. We demonstrated that the Raman spectral peaks of LDPE firstly appeared as a result of polymeric migration on day 9 in Bacon, on day 15 in Salami, and finally on day 28 in Mortadella. On day 28, all meat samples were tainted, with a layer of bacterial outgrowth developed, as proven by bright–field microscopic observation. Food packaging migration to the surface of cured meat samples was validated using Raman vibrational spectroscopy. To ensure minimal consumption of MPs in cured meat products stored in plastic packaging, while at the same time maintaining good food quality, they should be kept in refrigerated conditions and consumed within a short period of time. In this work, the migration of MPs from food packaging to the surface of cured meat samples was observed using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
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Porjazoska Kujundziski, Aleksandra, Toma Grchev, Chamovska Chamovska, and Maja Cvetkovska. "Fatty food, or fatty food simulants and PET packaging interactions: study with DETA." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 32, no. 1 (2013): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2013.448.
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Dynamic electrical thermal analysis (DETA) is considered as a valuable technique for determination of polar polymer structure or changes in the polymer structure as a result of different treatments. Therefore, with this study, we wanted to check whether this technique can indicate structural changes in the PET packaging material in contact with specific media. Positive response give the opportunity to use the study of PET packaging dielectric properties after a programmed contact with some medium, to indicate possible interactions between packaging material and the medium, or packaging and foodstuff. It is also known that official simulants may have some drawbacks as migration of the potential contaminants depends on the interaction between the simulant and packaging and thus the values for measured migration could be exaggerated or too low.The possibility of DETA to indicate structural changes in the packaging material give also the opportunity to adjust the aggressiveness of some medium to the packaging, that is, some solvent, or mixture of solvents with different polarity, and thus to choose the most appropriate simulant – medium which will behave in the same way as the foodstuff.In this study we have chosen several conventional fatty food simulants: olive oil, isooctane, 3% acetic acid, and ethanol, and using the DET analysis we compared the influence of these media and the real foodstuff (mayonnaise) on the structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) food containers.
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Girsang, Teguh Pribadi, I. M. Mahaputra Wijaya, and Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam. "Deteksi Migrasi Material Pembungkus Makanan ke Air karena Pemanasan." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 8, no. 2 (2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2020.v08.i02.p15.
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This research was aimed to detect if migration of additives or other components from plastic material used as packaging of hot food/drinks were occurred in warm-hot cooked temperature. In this works, plastic samples as like spoon, packaging, and wraps were taken directly from mainly street food vendors and shops. Pure water and plastics samples were mixed, and heat were introduced to induced migration. Three temperature of 60 °C, 80 °C, dan 100 °C, were each applied to induced migration for one hour. Migrations were detected using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraRed, and Gas Chromatography. Migrated polymer materials from plastics were detected through peaks of UV-visible absorption with water as background spectra were subtracted, and its functional groups were detected using FTIR spectroscopy. Gas chromatography was used to confirm if UV-visible and FTIR results were result from single component migration.
 Keywords: polymer, migration, temperature, plastics, wavelength.
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Li, Xingyi. "Metal food packaging design based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system in canned food safety." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 20, no. 1 (2016): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2016-0008.
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Abstract This study aims to design metal food packaging with hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). First, theory of HACCP was introduced in detail. Taking empty cans provided by Wuxi Huapeng Food Packaging Company as an example, we studied migration of bisphenol compounds in coating of food can to food stimulant. Moreover, packaging design of luncheon meat can was taken as an example to confirm whether HACCP system could effectively control migration of phenolic substance. Results demonstrated that, coating of such empty were more likely to contain multiple bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) was considered as the leading bisphenol pollutant; food stimulant of different types, storage temperature and time could all impact migration of bisphenol compounds. HACCP system was proved to be effective in controlling hazards of phenolic substance in luncheon meat can and could reduce various phenolic substance indexes to an acceptable range. Therefore, HACCP can control migration of phenolic substance and recontamination of food and thus ensure food safety.
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Xu, Y., G. O. Noonan, and T. H. Begley. "Migration of perfluoroalkyl acids from food packaging to food simulants." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 30, no. 5 (2013): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.789556.
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Halek, George W. "Food science reviews, vol. 2: Chemical migration from food packaging." Trends in Food Science & Technology 6, no. 5 (1995): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(00)89048-2.
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Utyanov, D. A., N. L. Vostrikova, E. R. Vasilevskaya, A. V. Kulikovskii, and S. Yu Karabanov. "Chemical contaminants entering food products from polymer packaging. Review." Food systems 8, no. 1 (2025): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-1-29-35.
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The paper presents a review of scientific literature devoted to the problem of food product contamination with various types of substances from packaging materials. The problem under consideration is large-scale — there are many types of compounds that can enter food products from packaging. Food product contamination can occur due to migration of substances used for production of packaging materials. Plastic polymer packages represent the highest risk of food product contamination. The interest of the scientific community and the need for studying the described theme are determined by the fact that the prevailing proportion of all compounds that migrate into a food product from packaging possesses toxic or carcinogenic activity, and thus, presents the potential risk for human health. Bisphenols are most studied among all contaminants described in this paper. Many studies on their migration into food products have shown that bisphenols were found practically in all types of food products: meat, dairy, fish, fruit and vegetable. The significant migration of bisphenols has been observed in juice products and bottled water. Due to the adverse effect of bisphenol A on the human body, its use in the production of packaging materials for food products is forbidden. However, this ban has led to distribution of analogs, namely, bisphenols B, C, F, AF and others, which are found in food products. The performed review has shown that the problem of food product contamination with contaminants from packaging materials requires serious attention of the scientific community.
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Lee, Seung-Eun, Kyung-Jik Lim, Yoon-Hee Lee, and Han-Seung Shin. "Evaluation of Methylene Blue Migration from Time—Temperature Indicators Using LC-MS/MS." Foods 13, no. 12 (2024): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13121888.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate methylene blue migration from printed time–temperature indicators (TTIs) into food. It also highlights the importance of establishing regulatory measures and safety standards for food packaging, suggesting that this can contribute to improving food packaging safety. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify methylene blue migration in various food simulant and food matrix samples. The results show that the level of methylene blue migration varies significantly depending on the chemical properties of the food mimetic and the composition of the food matrix. The established method demonstrated a high sensitivity, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.0019–0.0706 μg/L (kg) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 0.0057–0.2138 μg/L (kg). This study highlights the need for a regulatory framework to mitigate the health risks associated with methylene blue in intelligent packaging systems and argues that regulatory thresholds should be set to ensure food safety and quality.
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Aparicio, José Luis, and María Elizalde. "Migration of Photoinitiators in Food Packaging: A Review." Packaging Technology and Science 28, no. 3 (2014): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2099.
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Illsley, Derek, Steve Hall, Sam Moncur, Damian Ward, and Tom Budden. "Low Migration UV-Curable Inkjet for Food Packaging." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 29, no. 1 (2013): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2013.29.1.art00033_2.
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CASTLE, LAURENCE, ANGELA J. MERCER, and JOHN GILBERT. "Chemical Migration from Polypropylene and Polyethylene Aseptic Food Packaging as Affected by Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilization." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 2 (1995): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.2.170.
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The possible effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) sterilization on migration from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) food-packaging materials have been investigated. A number of indices have been used to measure any changes in polymer composition, surface characteristics and migration levels into food simulants, brought about by commercial sterilization procedures using HP. These measurements revealed that changes were limited to a slight and superficial modification of the polymer surface. The composition of the polymer and migration levels from the polymer to food simulants were not changed markedly. It is concluded that neither the nature nor the level of migration into food is likely to be influenced significantly by the aseptic-packaging process of polymer sterilization using HP.
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Kour, Jagjit, and Pratima Bhatt. "Microplastic Leaching in Local Candy, Pickles and Yogurt Packed in Plastic Containers." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 43, no. 1 (2022): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46960.
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Plastics degrade into nano plastic or microplastic. Microplastics (MPs) leaches from plastic packaging to food affect human health. In this study overall migration of different plastics packaging was determined by using IS 9845: 1998 method. Food simulant distilled water (Simulant A) for aqueous/non acidic foods (pH ≥ 5) without fat, 3% acetic acid (simulant B) for aqueous, acidic food (pH≤ 5) without fat at 40°C/10 daysand n-heptane (simulant D) for edible fatty foods at 38°C/0.5 were used as per Bureau of Indian Standards IS - 9845-1998. Overall migration in local candy (Titaura) ranges from 4.51580 to 20.43310 mg/kg in food simulant 3% acetic acid (simulant B) and by using n-heptane (simulant D) it ranges from 12.2400 to 41.1066mg/kg. Similarly in pickles migration of microplastics range from 51.16 to 58.56 mg/kg by using simulant B and in the case of simulant D, it ranges from 7.2266 to 58.6266 mg/kg. The overall migration of microplastics in Yogurt samples were found to be 3.0186 to 19.2093 mg/L using simulant B and in the case of simulant D, it ranges from 7.2266 to 58.6266 mg/L.
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Tang, Zhenya, Fangling Fan, Chunli Fan, Kai Jiang, and Yuyue Qin. "The Performance Changes and Migration Behavior of PLA/Nano-TiO2 Composite Film by High-Pressure Treatment in Ethanol Solution." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020471.
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To study the relationship between performance changes and nanoparticles migration of the composite film at different migration stages, the poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/nano-TiO2 composite film treated by high pressure was immersed in 50% (v/v) ethanol solution for 45 days at 40 °C, and the film characteristics and migration behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the migration of the composite film with the highest loading of nano-TiO2 (20 wt. %) in alcoholic food simulated solution was far less than 10 mg/kg during the 45-day migration process. Although with the increase of migration time, the micro-morphology of composite film became rougher, the crystallinity decreased and the gas permeability increased, but the internal crystal structure of the composite film remained basically unchanged. The PLA/nano-TiO2 composite films treated by high pressure treatment were relatively stable, and had good performance and migration behavior in alcoholic food simulated solution, the nanocomposite film after high pressure treatment could be used to reduce nano-TiO2 particle migration and subsequently reduce human exposure as the packaging film for the packaging of alcoholic food, which provide a theoretical basis for the applications of high pressure treatment of PLA/nano-TiO2 composite films in food packaging material and broaden its application prospects.
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FIORI, Raquel, Adriano BRANDELLI, Caciano P. Z. Noreña, and Tânia M. PIZZOLATO. "MIGRATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL RESIDUE FROM SPIKED SECONDARY PAPERBOARD PACKAGING TO EDIBLE GELATIN." Periódico Tchê Química 13, no. 26 (2016): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v13.n26.2016.134_periodico26_pgs_134_139.pdf.
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The consumer exposure to the new harmful substances with origin in packaging which has contact with the food can occur as a result of their intentional migration or not incorporated in the food during the food chain. The paper and the cardboard are used in contact with dry food and that is because of this it is seen by the consumer as healthy. Considering that the gelatin is too consumed by children and athletes and the wood from which the packaging is made suffer chemical procedures with the insecticide pentachlorophenol (PCP) for their preservation, studied the transference and the incorporation of PCP in the secondary packaging of the edible gelatin proving effectiveness from the barrier with polypropylene (PP) use as primary packaging. The results indicate the migration with high temperature (60° C) in a short period of time (48h) when the secondary packaging was fortified with derivatized PCP into 0,01 mg L-1 concentration and put in contact with dry gelatin secured in polypropylene sachet. Other papers also point out the migration of chemical pollutants including chlorophenol and emphasize the importance of this research represent a risk of sub-acute contamination
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Adeyeye, Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan. "Food packaging and nanotechnology: safeguarding consumer health and safety." Nutrition & Food Science 49, no. 6 (2019): 1164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2019-0020.
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Purpose Nanotechnology as an emerging area if adequately harnessed could revolutionise food packaging and food processing industry worldwide. Although several benefits of nano-materials or particles in food packaging have been suggested, potential risks and health hazards of nano-materials or particles are possible as a result of migration of their particles into food materials. The purpose of this review therefore assessed nanotechnology and its applications in food packaging, consumer acceptability of nano-packaged foods and potential hazards and safety issues in nano-packaged foods. Design/methodology/approach This review takes a critical assessment of previous literature on nanotechnology and its impact on food packaging, consumer health and safety. Findings Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging could be divided into three main divisions: improved packaging, which involves mixing nano-materials into polymers matrix to improve temperature, humidity and gas barrier resistance of the packaging materials. Active packaging deals with direct interaction between nano-materials used for packaging and the food to protect it as anti-microbial or oxygen or ultra violet scavengers. Smart packaging could be used to sense biochemical or microbial changes in foods, as well as a tracker for food safety, to prevent food counterfeit and adulteration. The review also discussed bio-based food packaging which is biodegradable. Bio-based packaging could serve as veritable alternative to conventional packaging which is non-degradable plastic polymers which are not environmental friendly and could pose a threat to the environment. However, bio-based packaging could reduce material waste, elongate shelf life and enhance food quality. However, several challenges are envisaged in the use of nano-materials in food packaging due to knowledge gaps, possible interaction with food products and possible health risks that could result from the nano-materials used for food packaging. Originality/value The increase in growth and utilisation of nanotechnology signifies wide use of nano-materials especially in the food sector with arrays of potential benefits in the areas of food safety and quality, micronutrients and bioactive ingredients delivery, food processing and in packaging Active studies are being carried out to develop innovative packages such as smart, intelligent and active food packaging to enhance effective and efficient packaging, as well as balanced environmental issues. This review looks at the future of nano-packaged foods vis-à-vis the roles played by stakeholders such as governments, regulatory agencies and manufacturers in looking into consumer health and safety issues related to the application of nano-materials in food packaging.
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Ahari, Hamed, and Leila Khoshboui Lahijani. "Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating." Coatings 11, no. 4 (2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040380.
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Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.
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Duan, Fang, Ming-qing Chen, Yong Zhu, Hui Zhang, and Jing Zhang. "Study the Migration Process of Chemical Substances through the Packaging/Food Interface during Microwave Treatment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/150687.
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The diffusion of chemical substances from packaging into food endangers people’s health. The migration amount of the chemical substances increases with the time and temperature, but the diffusion process for different kinds of packaging materials differs much. Most recently, the research community showed a renewed interest on the diffusion process of chemical substances through packaging/food interface during microwave treatment. In this study, the diffusion coefficient model is suggested and then the migration process is studied based on Fick’s diffusion law. The results are finally compared with the experimental data, showing good agreement.
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Kour, Jagjit, Pratima Bhatt, and Shobha Basnet. "Overall migration of microplastics in mineral water and non-alcoholic beverages." BIBECHANA 20, no. 1 (2023): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i1.53457.
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In today's world, packaging plays a crucial role in enhancing, enclosing, and shielding the materials that are used from procurement to handling and storage, processing, manufacturing and finally to the consumer. Packaging shields a product's contents from contamination, spoiling and makes it simple to store and transfer anywhere. Man-made plastic breaks down into little particles as a result of numerous external pressures. The degradation of plastics produce nano or microplastic. Health issues arise when microplastics (MPs) leak from plastic food packaging and are consumed by people. Though plastic packaging is abundant, consumers from developing nation are not aware of the risk associated with plastic food packaging. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate occurrence of microplastics in plastic food packaging and highlight the risks involved in consumption of microplastics.
 In this research, the migration of microplastics from different plastic containers were noted in accordance to the Bureau of Indian Standards IS - 9845-1998. The IS 9845: 1998 method was utilized in this investigation to determine the overall migration of various plastics used to package mineral water and beverages. Distilled water and 3% acetic acid (w/v) were utilized as food simulators for the analysis. The migration of microplastics in mineral water were found to range from 0.38 ppm to 0.54 ppm while in case of non-alcoholic beverages overall migration ranged from 0.29 to 75.75 ppm. Among the 12 samples of non-alcoholic beverages, one sample exceeded the maximum limit of microplastics as specified by WHO standard.microplastics
 
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Du, Wei Wei, Qing Qing Yue, Ying Wang, Ya Ning Xu, and Jian Qing Wang. "A Study on Migration of Contamination from Paper Cups to Ethanol by HPLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.431.
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The main objective was to develop a technique by high performance liquid chromatography to study migration of contamination from packaging material of three samples of paper cups with different properties. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzophenone (BP), which are the most commonly used in paper packaging material, are regarded as stimulant of contamination, alcohol is selected as food stimulant.The obtained data indicated that migration has a relationship with the type of contamination,concentration of food stimulant.Analysed by1stOptsoftware with experimental result, the rule of migration of DBP and BP can be studied.
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Zhou, Xiangyu, Xiaoyu Zhou, Longli Zhou, Ming Jia, and Ying Xiong. "Nanofillers in Novel Food Packaging Systems and Their Toxicity Issues." Foods 13, no. 13 (2024): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13132014.
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Background: Environmental concerns about petroleum-based plastic packaging materials and the growing demand for food have inspired researchers and the food industry to develop food packaging with better food preservation and biodegradability. Nanocomposites consisting of nanofillers, and synthetic/biopolymers can be applied to improve the physiochemical and antimicrobial properties and sustainability of food packaging. Scope and approach: This review summarized the recent advances in nanofiller and their applications in improved food packaging systems (e.g., nanoclay, carbon nanotubes), active food packaging (e.g., silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)), intelligent food packaging, and degradable packaging (e.g., titanium dioxide nanoparticles (e.g., TiO2 NPs)). Additionally, the migration processes and related assessment methods for nanofillers were considered, as well as the use of nanofillers to reduce migration. The potential cytotoxicity and ecotoxicity of nanofillers were also reviewed. Key findings: The incorporation of nanofillers may increase Young’s modulus (YM) while decreasing the elongation at break (EAB) (y = −1.55x + 1.38, R2 = 0.128, r = −0.358, p = 0.018) and decreasing the water vapor (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) (y = 0.30x − 0.57, R2 = 0.039, r = 0.197, p = 0.065). Meanwhile, the addition of metal-based NPs could also extend the shelf-life of food products by lowering lipid oxidation by an average of approx. 350.74% and weight loss by approx. 28.39% during the longest storage period, and significantly increasing antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus compared to the neat polymer films (p = 0.034). Moreover, the migration process of nanofillers may be negligible but still requires further research. Additionally, the ecotoxicity of nanofillers is unclear, as the final distribution of nanocomposites in the environment is unknown. Conclusions: Nanotechnology helps to overcome the challenges associated with traditional packaging materials. Strong regulatory frameworks and safety standards are needed to ensure the appropriate use of nanocomposites. There is also a need to explore how to realize the economic and technical requirements for large-scale implementation of nanocomposite technologies.
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Datta, Sugata, Abhishek Chauhan, Anuj Ranjan, et al. "Assessing the Migration of BPA and Phthalic Acid from Take-out Food Containers: Implications for Health and Environmental Sustainability in India." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 6 (2023): 964–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(6).964.975.
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The research investigates the escalating consumption of take-out food in India and the associated health risks stemming from the extensive use of plastic packaging. Through a comprehensive nationwide online survey, the study delved into dietary preferences, frequency of take-out food consumption, delivery service timing, and the types of packaging commonly encountered by Indian consumers. To address these concerns, the research team developed an analytical method to detect Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalic acid migration from food-contact materials (FCMs) into various food simulants. The investigation revealed that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures led to increased migration of BPA and Phthalic acid, particularly in polyethylene pouches using 3% acetic acid as a food simulant, with the highest concentrations observed after 45 minutes of exposure. Additionally, a microbial bioassay demonstrated the mutagenic potential of migrated plasticizers, showcasing significant effects in mammalian systems, particularly under metabolic activation. The study underscores the substantial health risks associated with plastic packaging in take-out food, emphasizing potential implications for consumer health and calling for more extensive research and considerations regarding food packaging materials.
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Votavová, Lenka, Kristýna Hanušová, Lukáš Vápenka, Jaroslav Dobiáš, and František Kvasnička. "Occurrence of 2-phenylphenol in food paper packages." Open Chemistry 12, no. 11 (2014): 1162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0563-x.
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AbstractTwenty three paper based packaging materials commercially used for food packaging in the Czech Republic were analysed with regard to 2-phenylphenol (OPP) content using HPLC technique with fluorimetric detection. The HPLC method was modified with the aim to increase its sensitivity. OPP was detected in quantities ranging from 10 mg kg−1 to 527 mg kg−1 in twenty tested samples. The level of OPP in packaging materials was in close correlation to the content of recycled pulp in used paper material. The migration of OPP from two packaging materials comprised of paperboard coated with low density polyethylene (LDPE) into food simulants was determined at 40°C for 10 days. The levels of migration into 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and olive oil were below the limit of detection of used analytical procedure. In the case of 95% ethanol, 13% and 21% of OPP present in tested samples were transferred into simulant. The found occurrence of OPP in paper packages does not pose any significant safety risk for food consumer, but OPP could be considered as wide spread contaminant in paper materials.
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Muhammad, A. I., I. L. Ibrahim, M. Musah, and J. T. Mathew. "Study of the Effects of Selected Heavy Metals in Wrapping Sheets and Food Products." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 4a (2024): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.32.
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Paper is light, cheap, easy to use and discard or recycle, and quite environmentally friendly which makes it a popular food packaging material in Nigeria especially used paper. In this study, 5 different food packaging papers (foil, ink pen, printed, plain and newspapers) were used to wrap bean cake at varying temperatures (room temperature, 45 oC, 65 oC and 85 oC) for 30 minutes using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The packaging papers were analyzed for levels of toxicity of 10 heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, As, Hg and Fe).The quantities of the selected heavy metals in the papers were compared with permitted values published by the European Council for food contact materials where Pb, Ni, As, Co and Cr were observed to be more than the permitted concentration in the samples, while Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were observed within the permitted concentration. The food samples have concentration range of; Ni (BDL – 0.03 ppm), Pb (BDL – 0.03 ppm), Co (BDL), Ar (BDL) and Cr (BDL – 0.05 ppm) with maximum legal concentrations of 0.02 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.1 - 0.2 ppm and 0.05 ppm respectively. Comparison of the determined concentrations of heavy metals in the food packaging papers with permitted standards for food contact materials suggests that the presence of these contaminants may be associated with health hazards but the migration of these heavy metals to the food sample were observed to be in low concentrations and below the permissible level of the WHO/FAO standard for food, except for a few concentrations of lead and nickel which were above the permissible limit. Even at low concentration, heavy metals are toxic to biological cells as they do not undergo biodegradation. Consequently, they accumulate in humans, leading to various diseases and disorders, even when present in low concentrations. But based on the migration ability of these heavy metals from the food packaging paper to the food product, the best packaging paper is foil paper with very low concentration of metals migrating compared to other papers.
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Wu, Zhijiang, Yansheng Xu, Mianchang Li, Xindong Guo, Yanping Xian, and Hao Dong. "Determination of three fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) and their migration research in food contact plastic packaging containers and food simulants by UPLC-MS/MS method." RSC Advances 6, no. 22 (2016): 17941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25491d.
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A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine three fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) (FWA184, 368 and 393) in migration solutions of food contact plastic packaging containers based on the migration tests using food stimulants.
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Guo, Yuxuan, Yuqi Qiu, and Zisen Chen. "Integrating Nanocomposites and Biosensors: Towards an Intelligent Food Packaging System." BIO Web of Conferences 111 (2024): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411101005.
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This paper delves into the transformative role of nanotechnology in food packaging, focusing on biosensors and nanocomposites. It highlights their potential to enhance food safety by detecting microbial contaminants and improving nutrient retention, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging materials with their biodegradability. Despite facing challenges such as biosensor limitations and nanoparticle migration, the paper proposes an innovative integration of indicators within packaging systems and possible methods to address challenges to advance intelligent food packaging. It underscores the necessity for further research to address these challenges, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these novel packaging solutions.