Academic literature on the topic 'Migration assistée'
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Journal articles on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Ricard, Marylène, Charlie Caron, Audrey Lachance, Nicolas Bousquet, and Anouk Simard. "La migration assistée : une option de conservation pour les espèces en situation précaire vulnérables aux changements climatiques ?" Le Naturaliste canadien 145, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1075814ar.
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Baggnian, Issoufou, Laouali Abdou, Toudou Adam, and Ali Mahamane. "Contribution de la migration aux renforcements des capacités socioéconomiques des populations de Tahoua dans la pratique de la régénération naturelle assistée (RNA): Cas du village de Kolloma au Niger." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i1.18.
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Ste-Marie, Catherine, Elizabeth A. Nelson, Anna Dabros, and Marie-Eve Bonneau. "Assisted migration: Introduction to a multifaceted concept." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 06 (2011): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-089.
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The idea that humans can assist nature by purposely moving species to suitable habitats to fill the gap between their migration capability and the expected rate of climate change is being increasingly contemplated and debated as an adaptive management option. The interest in assisted migration, both in the scientific community and society at large, is growing rapidly and is starting to be translated into action in Canada. However, the concept is in its infancy; clear terminology has not yet been established and assisted migration still encompasses a broad range of practices. This introductory paper for the special issue of The Forestry Chronicle on the subject of assisted migration describes increasing interest in the subject and its complexity. It also provides an overview of the potential scale of assisted migration, proposes a terminology, and briefly introduces the following papers. Overall, the five papers aim to present a comprehensive state of the scientific and operational knowledge and the debate on assisted migration in the context of Canada's forests.
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Hinch, Scott G., and Peter S. Rand. "Optimal swimming speeds and forward-assisted propulsion: energy-conserving behaviours of upriver-migrating adult salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 12 (2000): 2470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-238.
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Anadromous salmon migrations are energetically expensive. Long-distance migrants should be efficient in their use of energy and minimize swimming costs wherever possible. We explore swimming strategies and energy-saving tactics employed by three long-distance-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks in the Fraser River watershed, British Columbia. We used stereovideography and bank-side observations to estimate swimming speeds (from tailbeat frequency) and ground speeds (using distance traveled and duration) for individuals at several sites. Salmon were highly efficient at migration (i.e., ground speeds equaled or exceeded swimming speeds) through reaches with relatively low encountered currents (<0.25 m·s-1). We speculate that salmon exploit small reverse-flow vortices to achieve this feat. With low encountered currents, most salmon migrated according to an optimal swimming speed model: migrants minimized transport costs per unit distance traveled. Generally, salmon were less efficient at migration with fast currents, although the Chilko stock were superoptimal migrants, possibly owing to unique morphology and (or) behaviours. The risk of significant delays is enhanced when fast currents are encountered. Under these conditions, relatively fast swimming speeds could minimize travel time, despite high costs. Migrants may be balancing energetic costs of migration against the fitness costs of spawning delays.
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Mijatovic, Tatjana, Philippe Gailly, Véronique Mathieu, et al. "Neurotensin is a Versatile Modulator of In Vitro Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell (PDAC) Migration." Analytical Cellular Pathology 29, no. 4 (2007): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/701789.
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Background: While the neurotensin (NT) roles in pancreatic cancer growth are well documented, its effects on pancreatic cancer cell migration have not been described. Methods: The NT-induced effects on the migration process of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACs) were characterized by means of various assays including computer-assisted video-microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, ELISA-based, small GTPase pull-down and phosphorylation assays. Results: The NT-induced modifications on in vitro PDACs migration largely depended on the extra-cellular matrix environment and cell propensity to migrate collectively or individually. While NT significantly reduced the level of migration of collectively migrating PDACs on vitronectin, it significantly increased the level of individually migrating PDACs. These effects were mainly mediated through the sortilin/NTR3 receptor. Neurotensin both induced altered expression of αV and β5 integrin subunits in PDACs cultured on vitronectin resulting in modified adhesion abilities, and caused modifications to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton through the NT-mediated activation of small Rho GTPases. While the NT effects on individually migrating PDACs were mediated at least through the EGFR/ERK signaling pathways, those on collectively migrating PDACs appeared highly dependent on the PI 3-kinase pathway. Conclusion: This study strongly suggests the involvement of neurotensin in the modulation of human PDAC migration.
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Lefranc, Florence, Syril James, Isabelle Camby, et al. "Combined cimetidine and temozolomide, compared with temozolomide alone: significant increases in survival in nude mice bearing U373 human glioblastoma multiforme orthotopic xenografts." Journal of Neurosurgery 102, no. 4 (2005): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.4.0706.
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Object. Malignant gliomas consist of both heterogeneous proliferating and migrating cell subpopulations, with migrating glioma cells exhibiting less sensitivity to antiproliferative or proapoptotic drugs than proliferative cells. Therefore, the authors combined cimetidine, an antiinflammatory agent already proven to act against migrating epithelial cancer cells, with temozolomide to determine whether the combination induces antitumor activities in experimental orthotopic human gliomas compared with the effects of temozolomide alone. Methods. Cimetidine added to temozolomide compared with temozolomide alone induced survival benefits in nude mice with U373 human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells orthotopically xenografted in the brain. Computer-assisted phase-contrast microscopy analyses of 9L rat and U373 human GBM cells showed that cimetidine significantly decreased the migration levels of these tumor cells in vitro at concentrations at which tumor growth levels were not modified (as revealed on monotetrazolium colorimetric assay). Computer-assisted microscope analyses of neoglycoconjugate-based glycohistochemical staining profiles of 9L gliosarcomas grown in vivo revealed that cimetidine significantly decreased expression levels of endogenous receptors for fucose and, to a lesser extent, for N-acetyl-lactosamine moieties. Endogenous receptors of this specificity are known to play important roles in adhesion and migration processes of brain tumor cells. Conclusions. Cimetidine, acting as an antiadhesive and therefore an antimigratory agent for glioma cells, could be added in complement to the cytotoxic temozolomide compound to combat both migrating and proliferating cells in GBM.
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Skondras, Evangelos, Mohamed Basiony, and Vladimir Anikin. "Migration of a nodule localisation marker to the contralateral lung." BJR|case reports 7, no. 5 (2021): 20210017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjrcr.20210017.
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Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been increasingly used to resect lung nodules avoiding thoracotomy thus reducing morbidity and hospitalisation time. One of the main challenges is to localise the target, because very often they are not palpable and small. Various nodule localisation techniques have been used to assist VATS resection including metallic marker implantation adjacent to the lesion of interest. These markers have been known to migrate, more often in the pleural space. We report an unusual case of metallic marker migration to the contralateral lung.
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Wu, Qiong Di, Jiang Huai Wang, Claire Condron, David Bouchier-Hayes, and H. Paul Redmond. "Human neutrophils facilitate tumor cell transendothelial migration." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 280, no. 4 (2001): C814—C822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.4.c814.
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Tumor cell extravasation plays a key role in tumor metastasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which tumor cells migrate through normal vascular endothelium remain unclear. In this study, using an in vitro transendothelial migration model, we show that human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) assist the human breast tumor cell line MDA-MB-231 to cross the endothelial barrier. We found that tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) downregulated PMN cytocidal function, delayed PMN apoptosis, and concomitantly upregulated PMN adhesion molecule expression. These PMN treated with TCM attached to tumor cells and facilitated tumor cell migration through different endothelial monolayers. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 cells alone did not transmigrate. FACScan analysis revealed that these tumor cells expressed high levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) but did not express CD11a, CD11b, or CD18. Blockage of CD11b and CD18 on PMN and of ICAM-1 on MDA-MB-231 cells significantly attenuated TCM-treated, PMN-mediated tumor cell migration. These tumor cells still possessed the ability to proliferate after PMN-assisted transmigration. These results indicate that TCM-treated PMN may serve as a carrier to assist tumor cell transendothelial migration and suggest that tumor cells can exploit PMN and alter their function to facilitate their extravasation.
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Chen, Dong, Fei Gao, Hui-Qiu Deng, Bo Liu, Wang-Yu Hu, and Xin Sun. "Migration of defect clusters and xenon-vacancy clusters in uranium dioxide." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 18 (2014): 1450120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214501203.
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The possible transition states, minimum energy paths (MEPs) and migration mechanisms of defect clusters and xenon-vacancy defect clusters in uranium dioxide ( UO 2) have been investigated using the dimer and the nudged elastic-band (NEB) methods. The nearby O atom can easily hop into the oxygen vacancy position by overcoming a small energy barrier, which is much lower than that for the migration of a uranium vacancy. A simulation for a vacancy cluster consisting of two oxygen vacancies reveals that the energy barrier of the divacancy migration tends to decrease with increasing the separation distance of divacancy. For an oxygen interstitial, the migration barrier for the hopping mechanism is almost three times larger than that for the exchange mechanism. Xe moving between two interstitial sites is unlikely a dominant migration mechanism considering the higher energy barrier. A net migration process of a Xe-vacancy pair containing an oxygen vacancy and a xenon interstitial is identified by the NEB method. We expect the oxygen vacancy-assisted migration mechanism to possibly lead to a long distance migration of the Xe interstitials in UO 2. The migration of defect clusters involving Xe substitution indicates that Xe atom migrating away from the uranium vacancy site is difficult.
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Griebel, Tim, and Erik Vollmann. "We can(’t) do this." Journal of Language and Politics 18, no. 5 (2019): 671–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.19006.gri.
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Abstract Migration has been a defining topic in the discourse in Germany since the so-called “refugee crisis” in 2015. This corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis systematically reconstructs the discourse about migration in two influential German newspapers, thereby emphasizing the construction of different subject positions for people migrating to Germany. Mass media are an important arena for the fight for hegemony between discursive coalitions of culturalization regimes that are based on openness and closure respectively. The discursive space of the German discourse about migration offers multiple opportunities in this regard. In the left-leaning taz, we detect a general trend to support an open society although some (but often contested) elements of closure are detected in this medium as well. Die Welt leans much more towards closure and the problematization of migration although it also offers a diverse array of interpellations that depend on the usefulness or threating character of people coming to Germany.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Villeneuve, Isabelle. "Variation morpho-physiologique des plants d'épinette blanche de différentes sources génétiques et implications pour la migration assistée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26054.
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Les semences forestières génétiquement améliorées pourraient ne plus être adaptées aux sites où elles sont destinées à cause des changements climatiques. La migration assistée figure parmi les stratégies d'adaptation proposées pour maintenir la productivité forestière et diminuer la vulnérabilité des écosystèmes. Les réponses morpho-physiologiques des plants d’épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) issus de huit vergers à graines ont été évaluées en pépinière et sur trois sites de plantation. La modélisation des courbes de croissance a montré que la hauteur des vergers méridionaux et de deuxième génération est significativement supérieure à celle des autres vergers. Un modèle à régression multiple a montré que la hauteur finale des plants était significativement corrélée aux conditions climatiques d’origine des vergers. Le verger et le site de plantation ont affecté significativement la croissance en hauteur des plants. Les résultats de la présente étude et ceux obtenus à long terme contribueront à raffiner les règles opérationnelles de transfert des semences propres à la migration assistée.Due to climate change, genetically improved trees may no longer be adapted to the sites where they are intended to be planted. Assisted migration is a potential adaptation strategy for maintaining forest productivity and reducing vulnerability in the face of a changing climate. Morpho-physiological responses of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings from eight seed orchards were evaluated in a nursery and at three planting sites. The modeling of growth curves showed that the height of both the southern orchards and second generation orchards was significantly higher than the other orchards. A multiple regression model showed that the final height of the plants was significantly correlated with climatic conditions of the orchards. The orchard and the planting site significantly affected height growth of seedlings. The results of this study and those obtained over the longer term should help to refine the operational rules of seed transfer for assisted migration.
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Sansilvestri, Roxane. "Evaluation de la capacité adaptative des socio-écosystèmes forestiers français face au changement climatique : le cas de la migration assistée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS257/document.
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Dans la problématique du changement climatique, la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies d’adaptation apparaît comme un des grands challenges de nos sociétés actuelles. C’est au début des années 2000, que la communauté scientifique a proposé une option de gestion de la biodiversité afin de limiter les impacts dus à la vitesse du changement climatique, cette option étant connue sous le nom de migration assistée (MA). Cependant, malgré une justification théorique intéressante, l’application de cette pratique a soulevé de nombreuses questions autant éthiques, écologiques, économiques que politiques. Tout au long de cette thèse, je me suis intéressée à la capacité d’adaptation des acteurs face au changement climatique, via la mise en place de nouvelles pratiques de gestion, en s’intéressant tout particulièrement au cas de la MA. Compte tenu du rythme de migration lent des espèces forestières, les forêts représentent un écosystème pertinent pour la mise en place de la MA, et plus spécifiquement pour la France, qui compte plus de 29% de son territoire en surface boisée avec une forte problématique de fragmentation. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés au débat que la MA a suscité et j’ai analysé les blocages qui existent actuellement dans sa conception et sa mise en place. Sur la base d’une analyse comparative entre la France et le Canada, j’ai pu mettre en évidence que les différentes conceptions d’adaptation et de MA entre les acteurs politiques et les scientifiques représentaient des barrières à l’application de programmes de MA. Ainsi, j’ai proposé une nouvelle conception de la MA, avec un volet écosystémique, permettant de limiter les approches économico-centrée de ces programmes. De plus, j’ai démontré que l’action de MA ne s’inscrit pas seulement dans une démarche de précaution mais également de prévention, dénouant ainsi le blocage présent sur la question du « quand doit-on agir ? ». Après une analyse théorique et empirique de la MA et de son contexte, dans la seconde partie, nous nous sommes posés la question de sa réelle application sur le terrain. J’ai donc analysé la capacité des acteurs forestiers locaux à mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’adaptation grâce à une méthode originale d’estimation des capitaux locaux. Malheureusement, cette analyse a montré qu’à l’heure actuelle, les forestiers mettent plus facilement en place des stratégies favorisant la robustesse que des stratégies plus complexes de résilience globale ou de transformabilité, telle que la MA, augmentant ainsi la fragilisation des socio-écosystèmes et risquant des transitions brutalesIn a climate change context, the implementation of adaptive strategies appears as one of the greatest challenges for our societies. At the beginning of the 21st century, the scientific community proposed an adaptation option to limit climate change impacts on biodiversity, the assisted migration (AM). Despite a good theoretical justification, the AM application raises several questions about ecological, economical, ethical and political issues. Along this thesis, I was interested in the adaptive capacity of society actors concerning the changing climate, through the implementation of new practices as AM. Given the slow migration capacity of tree species, forests represent a relevant ecosystem for AM application, especially in France which has more than 29% of its surface as forest areas that are highly fragmented. In the first part of this thesis, I concentrated on the AM debate and I analyzed the actual barriers in its conception and its implementation. On the basis of a comparative analysis between France and Canada, I highlighted that different acceptations of adaptation and AM between policy and scientific actors represent a barrier for the implementation of adaptive strategies, as AM. Hence, I proposed a new concept of AM at the ecosystem scale, allowing limiting the focus on economic issues of AM programs. Moreover, I demonstrated that the AM actions are not constrained in a precautionary approach but could be applied in a prevention context. These results unties the deadlock about the “when to act?” question. After an empirical and theoretical analysis of AM and its context, in the second part of this thesis, I was interested on the real application of AM in the field. Therefore, I evaluated the capacity of forest actors to change their practices in a climate change context, with an original method based on the estimation of local capitals. Sadly, this analysis showed that for the moment, foresters implement more easily strategies for increasing robustness than resilient or transformative strategies, increasing the fragility of socio-ecosystems and risking a violent collapse of them
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Otis, Prud'homme Guillaume. "Écophysiologie et performance de différentes sources génétiques d'épinette blanche dans un contexte de migration assistée pour faire face aux changements climatiques au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29863.
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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019Les changements climatiques pourraient induire un déplacement des conditions favorables aux espèces arborescentes entrainant une mésadaptation des populations locales. La migration assistée est une stratégie proactive qui permettrait de maintenir la productivité forestière et réduire la vulnérabilité des écosystèmes dans les nouvelles conditions climatiques. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les traits morpho-physiologiques des plants de huit sources génétiques d’épinette blanche (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) mis en terre dans trois sites de plantation représentant un gradient climatique nord-sud de 1,7°C. Six des sources de semences provenaient de vergers à graines locaux de première génération alors que deux autres provenaient de vergers à graines de seconde génération constitués d’arbres originaires du Québec et de l’Ontario et sélectionnés dans des tests génécologiques. Aucune interaction n’a été observée entre les vergers à graines et les sites pour aucun des traits étudiés. La croissance en hauteur variait entre les vergers à graines, étant plus grande pour les sources de semences du sud et les vergers à graines de deuxième génération. Ces différences ont été maintenues pendant les quatre premières années en plantation. Le site central a montré la meilleure croissance en hauteur et la meilleure séquestration totale du carbone. Une analyse vectorielle n’a montré aucune carence en éléments minéraux durant les quatre premières années en plantation dans chacun des trois sites. La photosynthèse avant le débourrement des bourgeons n’a pas différé entre les vergers (sources de semences) et les sites, reflétant une forte plasticité. Ces résultats obtenus sur de jeunes plants laissent présager qu’une migration assistée des sources du sud vers des sites plus froids pourrait optimiser le rendement des plantations. Les sources septentrionales devraient bénéficier du réchauffement climatique sans toutefois égaler les performances des sources méridionales déplacées vers le nord. Ces recherches doivent toutefois se poursuivre pour confirmer que ces résultats se maintiennent à long terme.
Climate change could induce a shift of favorable conditions of tree species, leading to maladaptation of local populations. Assisted migration is a proactive strategy to face climate changes that aims to maintain forest productivity and reduce the vulnerability of ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the difference of performance between eight white spruce genetics sources, each constituted of seed orchard seedlings and established in three plantation sites along a latitudinal transect representing a temperature gradient of 1.7°C simulating climate change. Six of these seed sources were from first-generation local seed orchards while the other two were from second-generation seed orchards constituted of trees originating from Quebec and Ontario and selected in genecological tests. No interaction for all traits studied was found significant between sites and seed sources. Height growth significantly varied between seed orchards, being greater for southern seed sources and second-generation seed orchards. These differences were maintained during the four years in the plantation. The central site showed the best growth in height and the greatest total carbon sequestration. Vector analysis showed that no nutrient deficiencies occurred during the first four years in plantation for each site. Photosynthesis before bud break did not significantly differ between seed orchards and sites, showing a strong plasticity. These results on young seedlings indicate that assisted migration could improve performance of southern seed sources and that the northern seed sources should benefit of warming temperature but would not match the growth performance of the southern seed sources moved to northern sites. Research must however continue to confirm over the long term these early results
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Koumba, Carelle Vanessa. "Itinéraire et vécu de l’aide médicale à la procréation en contexte migratoire des femmes d’Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD044.
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Ce travail vise à explorer le vécu du processus d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) en contexte migratoire, des femmes d’Afrique subsaharienne. La recherche a été menée au sein d’un centre hospitalier d’assistance médicale à la procréation en Île-de-France, également spécialisé dans le traitement des personnes ayant un risque viral. Les cas de figures suivants ont été étudiés : tout d’abord, des femmes migrantes ayant découvert leur infertilité avant ou pendant la migration, ensuite, des couples ou l’infertilité serait d’origine masculine, des couples où l’infertilité est découverte chez les deux partenaires. Le dernier cas de figure est celui où l’infertilité tirerait son origine d’une infection virale (VIH, VHB, VHC) contractée par l’un voire les deux conjoints. La recherche s’est déroulée en deux étapes principales, observation des consultations de médecine de la reproduction durant plusieurs mois avec différents médecins, suivie d’un travail d’entretiens semi-directifs et non directifs effectué auprès de dix-sept femmes migrantes, âgées de 25 à 42 ans, ayant entamé une prise en charge médicale. Pour l’analyse qualitative des entretiens, ma méthodologie de travail a été axée sur "la Grounded Theory" et sur le "Complémentarisme". De plus, cette méthodologie a été renforcée par un codage des catégories réalisé avec le logiciel Nvivo 10, outil d’aide à la classification du matériel empirique, qui ne se substitue pas au chercheur ni à l’analyse papier-crayon.À travers les difficultés et le processus complexe d’AMP, cette étude a permis de dégager des spécificités existant chez ces femmes migrantes, la rencontre interculturelle, une technicité souvent inconnue, le poids des facteurs socioculturels spécifiques ainsi que les éléments de la singularité psychologique. Il ressort de ces analyses différents paramètres importants, l’influence des cultures non seulement sur les représentations de l’infertilité, mais aussi sur le désir ou sur le besoin d’enfant ainsi que sur le degré d’acculturation. Aussi, la durée du séjour, l’origine géographique, les pressions familiales et les craintes de polygamie sont autant de paramètres mis en exergue.Ce parcours médical est vécu suivant les cas, comme un parcours d’émancipation sociale avec un désir de se dégager des normes culturelles de la place assignée à la femme. Le vécu de l’AMP est marqué en effet par différentes phases : idéalisation, espoir, désillusion, découragement et dépression suivant les situations, et donc, un parcours qui n’est pas dénué d’aspects traumatiques. Le comportement des femmes très codé culturellement s’est révélé source de malentendu avec l’équipe médicale. À titre d’exemple, certaines femmes pouvaient s’inscrire dans le pluralisme médical (biomédicale et médecine traditionnelle). Ces attitudes étaient parfois à l’origine des ruptures ou des suspensions de prise en charge incompréhensibles par l’équipe médicaleThis work aims to explore the experience of the process of medical assistance to procreation (MPA) in a migratory context, women from sub-Saharan Africa. The research was conducted in a hospital for procreation medical assistance in Île-de-France, also specialized in the treatment of people with a viral risk. The following cases were studied: first, migrant women having discovered infertility before or during migration. Then there are couples where infertility is male. In addition, there are also couples where infertility is discovered in both partners. The last case is where the infertility originates from a viral infection (HIV, HBV, HCV) contracted by one or both spouses. The research was carried out in two main stages, observation of reproductive medicine consultations for several months with different doctors, followed by semi-directive and non-directive interviews with seventeen elderly migrant women. aged 25 to 42, having started medical treatment. For the qualitative analysis of the interviews, my working methodology was focused on "Grounded Theory" and "Complementarism". In addition, this methodology has been reinforced by a category coding performed with the Nvivo 10 software, a tool to help classify empirical material, which does not replace the researcher or the paper-and-pencil analysis. Through the difficulties and the complex process of MPAs, this study has made it possible to identify specificities existing among these migrant women, the intercultural encounter, an often unknown technicality, the weight of specific sociocultural factors as well as the elements of the psychological singularity. These analyzes reveal different important parameters, the influence of cultures not only on the representations of infertility, but also on the desire or the need for children as well as on the degree of acculturation. Also, the length of stay, the geographical origin, the family pressures and the fears of polygamy are all parameters highlighted. This medical path is lived according to the cases, like a course of social emancipation with a desire to free oneself from the cultural norms of the place assigned to the woman. The experience of the MPA is indeed marked by different phases: idealization, hope, disillusionment, discouragement and depression depending on the situation, and therefore, a path that is not devoid of traumatic aspects. The culturally coded behavior of women has been a source of misunderstanding with the medical team. For example, some women could enroll in medical pluralism (biomedical and traditional medicine). These attitudes were sometimes at the origin of disruptions or suspensions of incomprehensible care by the medical team
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Nguejio, Nguimatsia Josiane. "Processus diffusionnels à l'origine de l'évolution de la composition d’un alliage au cours de l'oxydation sélective en pointe de fissures intergranulaires. Application à la CSC de l'Alliage 600 en milieu primaire des REP." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM054/document.
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La corrosion sous contrainte (CSC) des alliages à base nickel est un des principaux phénomènes de dégradation des composants du circuit primaire des Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée (REP). La compréhension de ce mécanisme de fissuration est un élément essentiel pour la prolongation de la durée d’exploitation des réacteurs.Des études antérieures ont permis d’établir un modèle de propagation de la CSC basé sur une oxydation sélective et dissymétrique du joint de grains en pointe de fissure qui s’accompagne d’une zone appauvrie en chrome. La cinétique de diffusion du chrome étant plus lente que celle de l’oxygène, il est supposé que la diffusion du chrome est une étape limitante de la propagation de la fissure. Si ces observations ont été validées dans la littérature, les hypothèses proposées sur l’origine de l’appauvrissement en chrome dans le grain sont encore sujettes à discussion. Comme la diffusion du chrome en volume dans les alliages base nickel à 350°C ne permet pas d’expliquer les ordres de grandeur des appauvrissements en chrome mesurés dans la littérature, il est supposé qu’il existerait un élément accélérateur de la diffusion du chrome dans l’alliage en pointe de fissure. Ainsi, deux hypothèses sont proposées dans ces travaux : la diffusion du chrome accélérée sous l’effet de la plasticité et la migration des joints de grains induite par la diffusion.L’objectif principal de la thèse a été de confronter les deux hypothèses énoncées au moyen d’essais expérimentaux et de modélisation afin de déterminer le mécanisme de formation de la zone appauvrie en chrome et d’identifier les paramètres favorisant cet appauvrissement.A cet effet, des essais de diffusion sous charge ont été réalisés dans le but d’étudier l’effet de la déformation plastique sur la diffusion du chrome. Les résultats ont permis d’établir une relation entre le coefficient de diffusion et la vitesse de déformation. Ainsi, une accélération de la diffusion en volume de l’ordre de 106 est observée à 350°C sous l’effet de plasticité. De même, des traitements thermiques visant à mettre en évidence la migration des joints de grains induite par la diffusion (DIGM) sont présentés dans ces travaux. Les caractérisations chimiques et microstructurales montrent que la DIGM est bien associée à la formation d’une zone appauvrie en chrome observée dans le sillage du joint de grains migrant. Pour finir, une discussion est proposée afin de relier ces hypothèses au modèle de propagation de la CSCStress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of nickel base alloys is one of the major degradation phenomena in the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Understanding the SCC mechanism is a key issue for the extension of reactor lifetime.A SCC model based on a selective and asymmetrical oxidation of the grain boundary ahead of the crack tip has been proposed in previous studies. Adjacent to this oxide, a chromium-depleted area is observed exclusively in one of the two grains adjacent to the grain boundary. As oxygen transport is found to be faster than chromium diffusion in the alloy, the latter is assumed to be the rate-limiting step of crack propagation. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for chromium depletion is still under debate. Indeed, the lattice and the grain boundary diffusion coefficients of chromium in nickel-based alloys at 350°C are not high enough to explain the chromium depletion magnitudes measured in the literature. Accordingly, factors accelerating chromium diffusion in the alloy ahead of the SCC crack tip should exist. Thus, two assumptions have been proposed in this work: plasticity-enhanced chromium diffusion and diffusion-induced grain boundary migration (DIGM).The aim of this study is to confront these two assumptions by combining both experiments and modeling in order to explain chromium depleted areas observed at the SCC crack tip.Thus, diffusion tests under loading were performed in order to study the effect of plastic deformation on chromium diffusion. Plasticity-enhanced diffusion is evidenced. A relationship between the diffusion coefficient and strain rate has been established leading to a 106-fold increase of the diffusion coefficient at 350°C. In addition, thermal treatments and oxidation tests have shown that diffusion-induced grain boundary migration occurs in Ni-Cr alloys. DIGM leads to dissymmetric Cr-depleted areas, observed in the wake of the moving grain boundary
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Delfeld, Bradley. "Movin' on Up: Mycorrhizal Mutualisms and Assisted Migration of Coastal Plant Species." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2603.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal marshes are among the first ecosystems to be altered by climate change. With increasing sea-level rise, assisted migration may be necessary to establish founder populations in more favorable upslope habitats. Mycorrhizal mutualisms could play a key role in determining success of these moving populations. If the assemblages of fungal spores are well mixed across the coastal transition gradient, then landward-retreating plant species can form associations with the same fungal species in the new habitat. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify potential mycorrhizal relationships by determining if assemblages of spores exhibit zonation mirroring that of coastal plant communities and (2) to test whether or not abundance and composition of mycorrhizae in roots of a dominant marsh species (Juncus roemerianus) differ with simulated assisted migration into upslope soils. Soil samples and seeds for trap plants were collected from the coastal coenocline at Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in coastal Mississippi, USA. A total of 1607 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was found across the entire gradient and was classified into five genera: Rhizophagus, Glomus, Funneliformis, Diversispora and Scutellospora. The soil samples had an average of 196.25 OTUs per sample, while the root samples were less diverse with an average of 29.04 OTUs per sample. DNA analysis of soil samples show that Glomeromycete propagules exhibit zonation on the seaward-most end of the gradient (salt marsh), but AMF composition becomes increasingly mixed with increasing elevation in brackish marsh, fresh marsh and pine woodlands zones. Salt marsh showed isolation in its species composition, sharing only two OTUs with the other three zones. Only one OTU (Rhizophagus sp.) was present across all four vegetation zones. Species richness and abundance of mycorrhizal spores in the soil samples increased along the elevation gradient; they were highest in the pine woodlands (dry end) and lowest in the salt marsh (wet end). OTU richness and abundance significantly increased in the roots of J. roemerianus trap plants when transplanted to soils upslope of its naturally dominant zone (brackish marsh). These results indicate that, apart from the salt marsh, plant-mycorrhizae relationships can persist after upslope migration of coastal plant species. New, as well as old, fungal associations may aid in the survival of the host plant in the new habitat.
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ANDALUR, NANDAGOPAL Saravanan. "Microfluidics-assisted investigation of T-lymphocyte Migration in lymph node relevant chemokine gradients." PLoS ONE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23247.
Full textAbstract:
T-lymphocytes (T-cells) trafficking in the lymph nodes (LNs) is key for T-cells activation and their effector functions in adaptive immune responses. T-cells enter the LNs through high endothelial venules (HEVs) and interact with dendritic cells (DCs) for cognate antigens in the T-cell zone (TCZ). After scanning the TCZ for antigens, T-cells leave the LNs through efferent lymphatic vessel. CCR7 and its ligands, CCL19 and CCL21 are involved in the recruitment and compartmentalization of T-cells in LNs. However, their specific role(s) in mediating T-cells migration in LNs sub-regions remain unclear. In addition, the mechanism behind the passage of T-cells from the TCZ to the abluminal side of medullary sinuses (for their exit through medullary sinuses) is not well understood. Here, I hypothesize that different CCL19 and CCL21 fields in LNs sub-regions, orchestrate T-cells sub-regional migration in LNs..
In this study, I examined the CCL19 and CCL21 distribution profiles in mouse LNs sub-regions by immunofluoroscence staining and confocal microscopy. Using microfluidic devices that can flexibly configure well-defined single and co-existing chemical concentration gradients, I quantitatively analyzed the migration of activated human blood T-cells in LNs relevant CCL19 and CCL21 fields. The results suggested a novel CCL19 and CCL21 based combinatorial guiding mechanism for T-cells migration in different LNs sub-regions. In particular, this mechanism operates in the TCZ periphery region to guide T-cells migration away from the TCZ. Furthermore, the CCL19 and CCL21 fields mimicking the region beyond the TCZ toward the medulla result in disturbed chemotaxis, which prevents T-cells from being attracted back to the TCZ. Taken together, this microfluidics-based in vitro study shows the coordinated T-cells migration in different single and combined CCL19 and CCL21 fields, leading to interesting new insights into the guiding mechanisms for T-cells trafficking in LNs sub-regions.
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Peters, Clinton Crockett. "Assisted migrations: on the salvation and danger in moving the world's species." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2608.
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Assisted migration is a term for when people take species and move them out of their historic ranges because they are threatened by climate change.
No minor hobby, invasiveness is a a risk that keeps many scientists up at night. Just ask any ecologist from the South. Kudzu vine covers some 120,000 new acres annually, its control thought "non financially feasible anymore" by the USDA. In the Chicago Shipping Channel, Asian silver carp, also known as "jumping fish" for their habits of leaping into the faces of boaters, threaten to swim into the Great Lakes, decimating $7 billion of fishing industries.
The list of invasive species is extensive, but the consequences of not moving species are equally severe. Up to fifty-two percent of all life is slated for extinction as soon as 2100 because of climate change. And if global warming is overhauling the planet anyway, it makes little sense to draw fences around wildlands anymore and expect them to stay just as they were.
Although my book is aimed in part at nature/science readers and will be well-researched, my prose ultimately uses a whimsical, probing stance that wider audiences will find appealing. Particularly the jargon-free tales of Florida panthers, rabbits in Australia, Texas snow monkeys, kudzu, Iowan prairies and the ancient, rare and dying (memorably named) stinking cedar, and the people who are assisting their migrations, should prove entertaining and instructive to readers who are interested in questioning what it means to be human in the 21st century. The guiding questions for this book are how can we tweak what we barely understand (ecosystems and nature) but then how can we not given the calamities that we face? And, perhaps more philosophically, what does it mean to be a human, a member of the living, in the age of human-induced climate change? These are two paradoxes that I hope to spend 60,000 words sorting out.
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Markcrow, Katelin. "Engineering Nature under Climate Change – Implications of Assisted Migration on Sustainable Development in Mountain Ranges." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324297.
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The Planet has entered a new epoch - the Anthropocene; where human activities, such as mining for and burning of fossil fuels, land-use change, and industrialization are actively disrupting the planet’s state. The rate at which climate change is occurring as a result of human activity is unprecedented in recent millennia and poses many threats through drastic changes in rain fall patterns, rising sea level, retreating glaciers, and an increase in extreme weather events. Mountain ranges and the plant and animal species that thrive in specific ‘life zones’ on the mountain slope are particularly vulnerable to the threats posed by climate change. As temperatures increase, these ‘life zones’ will essentially shift upwards - and flora and fauna either adapt to warmer conditions, or migrate to avoid extinction. This begs the questions, where will species retreat to when there is nowhere further up the mountain to migrate? Assisted migration has been proposed as a potential solution for species unable to adapt to climate change or unable to migrate, and involves the deliberate interference of humans in relocating species to habitats, outside their historic range, in hopes of preventing the species from going extinct. I examined key patterns within assisted migration research from peer-reviewed literature, to highlight the current state of assisted migration research and debate. My aim is to identify whether research favored certain species or geographic locations, to highlight the ethical dilemmas associated with engineering nature, and the potential assisted migration has for sustainable development in mountain ranges. I conducted a literature review and content analysis of 68 journal articles. The results suggest that assisted migration research is heavily debated from scientific, ethical, political and economic perspectives; with a largely theoretical debate and with limited transfer into field experiments. Furthermore, there is an element of bias in research focusing on plant species of economic value as opposed to other species. Moreover, many ethical dilemmas in assisted migration research exist, but no consensus as to whether assisted migration is ethically justifiable. Lastly, I suggest there could be potential for assisted migration for sustainable development in mountain ranges, however there is a need for inter/transdisciplinary research to collaborate in implementing assisted migration.
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Rosegrant, Jane Katherine. "Rural resettlement Ireland : an example of assisted counterstream migration, its impact on participants and communities." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14328.
Full textBooks on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Escudero, Carlos R. Involuntary resettlement in bank-assisted projects: An introduction to legal issues. Legal Dept., World Bank, 1988.
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Koser, Khalid. The return and reintegration of rejected asylum seekers and irregular migrants: An analysis of government assisted return programmes in selected European countries. International Organization for Migration, 2001.
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Les migrations assistées et forcées des Britanniques au XIXe siècle: L'identité ouvrière à l'épreuve de l'émigration. Harmattan, 2010.
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McDonagh, Josephine. Literature in a Time of Migration. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895752.001.0001.
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Literature in a Time of Migration rethinks British fiction in the light of new practices of human mobility that reshaped the nineteenth-century world. Building on the growing critical engagement with globalization in literary studies, it confronts the paradox that at a time at which transnational human movement occurred globally, on a scale before unknown, British fiction appears to turn inward to tell stories of local places, in which stability and rootedness are rewarded. On the contrary, Literature in a Time of Migration reveals how literary works, from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the advent of the New Imperialism, were active components of a culture of colonization and emigration. Fictional texts, as print commodities, were enmeshed in technologies of transport and communication, and innovations in literary form were spurred by the conditions and consequences of human movement. Works by canonical writers (Scott, Charlotte Brontë, Dickens, and George Eliot), and other popular contemporaries (Mary Russell Mitford, John Galt, and Thomas Martin Wheeler), examine issues that overlap with an agenda set in public discussions of colonial emigration, which they also helped to shape. Debates concerning, for example, assisted emigration, ‘forced’ and ‘free’ migration, colonization, settlement, and the removal of native peoples, figure in complex ways in fictions. Read alongside writings by emigration theorists, practitioners, and enthusiasts, fictional texts reveal a sustained engagement with British migratory practices and their worldwide consequences. Literature in a Time of Migration is a timely reminder of the place and importance of migration within British cultural heritage.
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Ellison, Aaron M., and Lubomír Adamec. The future of research with carnivorous plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0029.
Full textAbstract:
The material presented in the chapters of Carnivorous Plants: Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution together provide a suite of common themes that could provide a framework for increasing progress in understanding carnivorous plants. All speciose genera would benefit from more robust, intra-generic classifications in a phylogenetic framework that uses a unified species concept. As more genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic data accrue, new insights will emerge regarding trap biochemistry and regulation; interactions with commensals; and the importance of intraspecific variability on which natural selection works. Continued elaboration of field experiments will provide new insights into basic physiology; population biology; plant-animal and plant-microbe relationships; and evolutionary dynamics, all of which will aid conservation efforts and contribute to discussions of assisted migration as the climate continues to change.
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Seline, Trevisanut. Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 12 The Contribution of UNHCR to Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in ocean governance. Created in 1950 to replace the International Refugee Organization, the UNHCR provides protection to refugees and displaced persons. In addition to promoting the development and ratification of multilateral and bilateral agreements for the protection of refugees, the UNHCR assists governments and private organizations dealing with the repatriation or settlement of refugees in host countries. The chapter first provides a brief overview of the UNHCR’s beginnings and the progressive expansion of its mandate before analysing the role of the UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom). It then considers how the UNHCR handles crises involving irregular migration by sea, including the Haitian crisis and the Indochinese crisis, along with its influence on the development of the international legal framework of search and rescue services. Finally, it highlights the ways in which the UNHCR contributes to ocean governance.
Book chapters on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Ottaway, C. O., and L. L. Fisher. "Computer assisted analysis of lymphocyte migration." In Advances in Mucosal Immunology. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1848-1_62.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘The Risk Involved is Inappreciable… and the Gain Exceptional’: Child Migration to Australia and Empire Settlement Policy, 1913–1939." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_2.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the development of UK child migration to Australia in the inter-war period. Following the opening of Kingsley Fairbridge’s experimental farm school for child migrants at Pinjarra in 1913, the 1920s and 1930s saw a gradual increase in the number of voluntary societies involved in this work and of residential institutions in Australia receiving child migrants. The growth of these programmes in the wider context of the UK Government’s assisted migration policies is discussed. During the 1930s, the global financial depression weakened governmental support for assisted migration, and greater caution emerged within the UK Government about the value of some planned migration schemes. Nevertheless, by 1939, child migration to Australia was seen by UK policy-makers as a small but important part of the attempt to strengthen ties with Britain’s Dominions and to make more efficient use of their collective human and material resources.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘If We Were Untrammelled by Precedent…’: Pursuing Gradual Reform in Child Migration, 1954–1961." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_7.
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AbstractThis chapter examines how British child migration policy became caught up in the political sensitivities of post-war assisted migration. By 1950, officials in the Commonwealth Relations Office were becoming increasingly doubtful about the strategic and economic value of assisted migration, but also concerned about adverse political reaction in Australia to any scaling back of this work. An agreement was reached between the Commonwealth Relations and Home Office in 1954 to continue child migration on the basis of encouraging gradual reform of standards in Australia. In 1956, a UK Government Fact-Finding Mission in 1956 recommended more urgent controls over child migration, but this was rejected by an inter-departmental review in view of these wider political sensitivities. Despite introducing more limited monitoring, British policy-makers struggled to reconcile their knowledge of failings in some Australian institutions with the political challenge of trying to address these in the absence of co-operation from the Australian Government.
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Hanabusa, Takao, Kazuya Kusaka, Kenta Kaneko, Osami Sakata, and Masayuki Nishida. "Stress-Assisted Atomic Migration in Thin Copper Films." In Key Engineering Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.671.
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Garcia-Molina, R., and I. Abril. "Mixing by Defect-Assisted Migration of Thin Markers in Solids." In Materials Modification by High-fluence Ion Beams. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1267-0_20.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘Australia as the Coming Greatest Foster-Father of Children the World Has Ever Known’: The Post-war Resumption of Child Migration to Australia, 1945–1947." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the policy context and administrative systems associated with the resumption of assisted child migration from the United Kingdom to Australia in 1947. During the Second World War, the Australian Commonwealth Government came to see child migration as an increasingly important element in its wider plans for post-war population growth. Whilst initially developing a plan to receive up to 50,000 ‘war orphans’ shortly after the war in new government-run cottage homes, the Commonwealth Government subsequently abandoned this, partly for financial reasons. A more cost-effective strategy of working with voluntary societies, and their residential institutions, was adopted instead. Monitoring systems of these initial migration parties by the UK Government were weak. Whilst the Home Office began to formulate policies about appropriate standards of care for child migrants overseas, this work was hampered by tensions between the Home Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office about the extent to control over organisations in Australia was possible.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John K. Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_169-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John Kibe Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_169.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Krutovsky, Konstantin V., Jaroslaw Burczyk, Igor Chybicki, Reiner Finkeldey, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, and Juan Jose Robledo-Arnuncio. "Gene Flow, Spatial Structure, Local Adaptation, and Assisted Migration in Trees." In Genomics of Tree Crops. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0920-5_4.
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Komatsu, Kazuhiko, Ryusuke Egawa, Hiroyuki Takizawa, and Hiroaki Kobayashi. "A Compiler-Assisted OpenMP Migration Method Based on Automatic Parallelizing Information." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07518-1_30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Shimizu, Masahiro, Kiyotaka Miura, Masaaki Sakakura, et al. "Localized phase separation inside glass by femtosecond laser-induced elemental migration." In Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies 2010, edited by Vadim P. Veiko and Tigran A. Vartanyan. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.887428.
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Nguyen, S., M. Noble, R. Baina, M. Alerini, G. Lambaré, and V. Devaux. "Slope Tomography Assisted by Migration of Attributes." In 65th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.6.d28.
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Bedrikovetsky, Pavel, Abbas Zeinijahromi, Alexander Badalyan, Vadim Ahmetgareev, and Rais Khisamov. "Fines-Migration-Assisted Low-Salinity Waterflooding: Field Case Analysis." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176721-ms.
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Solis, Javier. "Ion Migration Assisted Femtosecond Laser Writing of Refractive Structures." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2015.ath1a.4.
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Bedrikovetsky, Pavel, Abbas Zeinijahromi, Alexander Badalyan, Vadim Ahmetgareev, and Rais Khisamov. "Fines-Migration-Assisted Low-Salinity Waterflooding: Field Case Analysis (Russian)." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176721-ru.
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Borazjani, Sara, Aron Behr, Luis Carlos Genolet, Patrick Kowollik, Abbas Zeinijahromi, and Pavel Bedrikovetsky. "Fines-Migration-Assisted Waterflooding to Improve Sweep Efficiency Analytical Model." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189485-ms.
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Hällfors, Maria, Sami Aikio, Stefan Fronzek, et al. "Quantifying and assessing the need and potential for assisted migration." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107652.
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Hou, Kai-Yuan, Kang G. Shin, and Jan-Lung Sung. "Application-assisted live migration of virtual machines with Java applications." In EuroSys '15: Tenth EuroSys Conference 2015. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2741948.2741950.
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Zeinijahromi, A., and P. Bedrikovetsky. "Fines-Migration-Assisted Oil and Gas Recovery (Low Salinity Water Injection)." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176548-ms.
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Zhou, Zhe, Xintong Li, Xiaoyang Wang, Zheng Liang, Guangyu Sun, and Guojie Luo. "Hardware-assisted Service Live Migration in Resource-limited Edge Computing Systems." In 2020 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218677.
Full textReports on the topic "Migration assistée"
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Handler, Stephen, Carrie Pike, Brad St. Clair, Hannah Abbotts, and Maria Janowiak. Assisted Migration. USDA Forest Service Climate Change Resource Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893746.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence suggests that species have responded individually during historic periods of dramatic
climate change through geographic migrations to and from unique glacial refugia [1, 2, 3]. Recent
research has demonstrated that many tree species are already undergoing distribution shifts in
response to climate change, with different studies highlighting species that are moving poleward
and higher in elevation [4], or moving east-west to track changes in moisture availability [5].
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Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab, Abu Sonchoy, Muhammad Meki, and Simon Quinn. Virtual Migration through Online Freelancing: Evidence from Bangladesh. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/03.
Full textAbstract:
Youth unemployment is a major issue in many developing countries, particularly in locations not well connected with large urban markets. A limited number of available job opportunities in urban centres may reduce the benefit of policies that encourage rural–urban migration. In this project, we investigated the feasibility of ‘virtual migration’, by training rural youth in Bangladesh to become online freelancers, enabling them to export their labour services to a global online marketplace. We did this by setting up a ‘freelancing incubator’, which provided the necessary workspace and infrastructure – specifically, high-speed internet connectivity and computers. Close mentoring was also provided to participants to assist in navigating the competitive online marketplace. We show the exciting potential of online work for improving the incomes of poor youth in developing countries. We also highlight the constraints to this type of work: financing constraints for the high training cost, access to the necessary work infrastructure, and soft skills requirements to succeed in the market. We also shed light on some promising possibilities for innovative financial contracts and for ‘freelancing incubators’ or ‘virtual exporting companies’ to assist students in their sourcing of work and skills development.
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Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.
Full textAbstract:
The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.