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Academic literature on the topic 'Migration d'hydrocarbures'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migration d'hydrocarbures"
Kobchenko, Maya. "Fracturation durant la production interne de fluides dans les roches : application à la migration primaire d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU035/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the experimental work and the results on fracturing of rock samples and analogue materials due to internal fluid generation during chemical reaction. The first two papers concentrate on time-resolved 3D X-ray imaging experiment on organic-rich shale samples. Paper 1 describes fracture formation due to hydrocarbon generation in the shale induced by organic matter decomposition during heating. Paper 2 gives an overview of the experimental procedure and image analysis workflow, which were used to obtain results presented in the first paper. The other two papers are focused on fracturing of gelatin mixed with yeast and sugar, which generates CO2. Paper 3 describes the mechanism of fracture network formation during draining of CO2 out of a gelatine layer. Paper 4 focuses on the temporal evolution of the drainage network and the mechanism of fracture opening and closing. The last paper presents a study in which X-ray microtomography was used to characterize porosity distribution in weathered andesite samples. The scientific methods developed in this project have potential application in studying dehydration of sediments, formation of mud volcanoes, methane hydrate exploration and assessment, geological sequestration of carbon dioxide CO2 and hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs
Casenave, Viviane. "Architecture et dynamique des migrations d'hydrocarbures dans une couverture sédimentaire à hydrates de gaz : implications sur le système pétrolier (bassin du Bas Congo)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT143/document.
Full textEvidence of fluid flow features and their mechanisms of migration through the sedimentary pile are a known phenomenon on continental margins. It has been widely studied over the past twenty years, notably due to the improved resolution of seismic data and the abundance of data in these areas due to oil and gas exploration.The Lower Congo basin, offshore West Africa, is a prolific petroleum province that has been extensively studied, and has been in operation for over 30 years. The area of interest is located above a producing oil field (the Moho license), in which hydrocarbons are trapped in turbidite channels. The work is primarily based on the analysis of geophysical data including 3D and 2D-THR seismic, multibeam bathymetry and corresponding backscatter, as well as background data (samples taken from ROV photos, geochemical analyses).The analysis of this important seismic dataset revealed abundant evidence of fluid migration in the Mio-Pliocene sedimentary pile. They mainly correspond to indications of vertically focused migration, including current fluid expulsion structures on the seafloor, and buried structures, interpreted as fossile and indicating former activity of the fluid expulsion system. The studied fluid migration features mainly consist of pockmarks (depressions) and carbonate cementations. These two types of indicators can build vertical stacks, over several hundred meters, highlighting the durability of the fluid escapes and suggesting the development of real pipes.A new type of pockmarks has been discovered, the spider structures, which are located above a turbiditic reservoir, and which result from a focused migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons. They are related to gas hydrates, in the context of a sloping BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector), due to the presence of the hydrate wedge. A dynamic model of their functioning is proposed, showing that these structures develop upslope, due to the gas migration under the sloping BSR. A study of the BSR, in the particular context of the hydrates wedge, allows to propose a model of gas escapes, linked to the dissociation of the hydrates, during a sea level fall. This model presents a dissociation of gas hydrates of regional scale (associated with biogenic gas), localized at the gas hydrate wedge zone of the last lowstand. Finally, the network of fluid escape structures of the Mio-Pliocene interval was investigated in order to understand its architecture and the mechanisms of fluid migration in the study area. Hydrocarbons appear to migrate mainly along certain portions of faults and vertically crosscutting the sedimentary pile through pipes or chimneys. The base of the Pliocene, associated with a sea level fall, marks the formation of the first paleo-spiders, as well as a level containing numerous evidence of gas. A model of this network of fluid migrations is proposed, integrating the indicators of hydrocarbon migrations through the sedimentary pile, and the major event of the Pliocene base. This study seems to indicate that a the sea level fall constitute a trigger for the fluids migrations, in the basin.This work thus marks the starting point of a larger-scale investigation which consists in, on the one hand, searching for similar structures (spiders and bands of pockmarks) in other basins ; and, on the other hand, by comparing fluid flow events with the eustatic curve
Michel, Julien. "Transport d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de métaux dans les sols non saturés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL058N/document.
Full textPAHs and heavy metals are major soil pollutants and most of former industrial soils are co-polluted by both types of compounds. The aim of this work was to assess their transport in polluted soils under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. This study was carried out by two approaches. First, heavy metal influence on PAH sorption and vice versa was studied with a “model” system. We showed that when the soil was simultaneously contaminated with fluoranthene and zinc, zinc retention was lower than when it was alone in the soil. As a consequence zinc would be expected to migrate more easily to the water table in co-polluted soils. Lead was more strongly retained in the presence of fluoranthene. But heavy metal influence on fluoranthene sorption was of minor importance. Then, PAH and heavy metal transport in a former coking plant soil was evaluated at the laboratory scale, under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions, by means of column experiments, and at the lysimeter scale under natural atmospheric conditions. The goal of these experiments was to compare PAH and heavy metal migration in a field-like situation with results obtained in the laboratory and to determine the appropriate experimental device for risk assessment studies. We showed that column experiments may overestimate PAH migration at the field scale. However heavy metal leaching was in accordance with what was expected from lysimeter experiments. But such experiments are rather time consuming and quite expensive, and as a consequence not adapted for risk assessment studies. Therefore we designed an original laboratory set up able to represent PAH and heavy metal migration at the field scale
Ong, Anthony. "Réservoirs silicoclastiques très enfouis : caractérisation diagénétique et modélisation appliquées aux champs pétroliers du Viking Graben (Mer du Nord)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0065/document.
Full textIn siliciclastic reservoirs, porosity loss is mainly due to the mechanical compaction in the first 2-3 km of burial, the chemical compaction and mineral precipitation (quartz, clays, carbonates). Therefore, understanding the processes responsible of the inhibition of compaction and/or cementation permits to: i) contribute to the knowledge of the water-hydrocarbon-solid interaction mechanisms in deep diagenetic environment, ii) give new arguments for the reconstruction of fluid pathways at the basin scale iii) assist the oil industry for the intensive exploration. Analytical techniques such as quantitative petrography, fluid inclusion and basin/diagenesis modelling were coupled across 8 oil fields (and 11 wells) located in the Q3 block (Viking Graben, Northern North Sea) in order to understand the processes driving the variation of the Brent reservoir quality (Middle Jurassic). Quantitative petrographic study of Tarbert reservoir allowed to define similar depositional settings (mineralogy, porosity) among the 183 studied samples. The common diagenetic paragenesis is dominated by quartz cement, two generations of kaolinite (K1, associated with the destabilization of micas and K2, associated with the dissolution of feldspars), and precipitation of illite. The petrographic data do not explain the wide range of measured porosity and permeability on plugs from 8 to 27% and from 0.2 to 5000 mD respectively. In contrast with the conventional diagenetic model, the present study shows that inhibition of quartz cements did not play a major role in the preservation of porosity in the Q3 block. P-V-T-X-t estimates of fluid inclusion trapping coupled with basin modelling allowed reconstruction of three fluid migration pathways, associated with fluid overpressures in the Tarbert reservoir. 1) The northern part of the Viking Graben kitchen supplies Hild, Jura and Islay fields with an early migration of light oils (65-42 m.y.) and condensate from 35-15 m.y. Both migrations are associated with a great fluid overpressure from 100 to 200 bar. 2) The eastern part of the East Shetland kitchen supplies Alwyn, Dunbar, Grant fields, with heavy to light oils from 42-35 m.y., associated with a low fluid overpressure (30-40 bar). 3) The southern part of the East Shetland kitchen (long distance migration) supplies Forvie North and Central fields with a very late gas condensate migration (> 15 Ma). The relative timing of the fluid overpressure build-up with the degree of mechanical and chemical compaction appears to be the first order parameter governing the preservation of reservoir porosity across the Q3 block. The presence of unusual HT-LP (high temperature-low pressure) hydrocarbon inclusions in the fields near the graben could indicate an early heavy oil generation under hydrostatic pressure conditions. Although having no impact on the inhibition of effective stress, this high-temperature fluid migration could be attributed to thermal anomalies in the Northwest of Europe related to the North Atlantic opening. The combination of quantitative petrography, fluid inclusion and basin modelling allowed to point out the impact of regional fluid migrations on the well scale diagenesis and on the siliciclastic reservoir quality preservation
Camacho, Ortegon Luis Fernando. "Origine-évolution-migration et stockage des hydrocarbures dans le bassin de Sabinas, NE Mexique : etude intégrée de pétrographie, géochimie, géophysique et modélisation numérique 1D-2D et 3D." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10139/document.
Full textHistory the origin, evolution, migration and stock of hydrocarbons in the Sabinas Basin, (NE Mexico): Implication in the integration to petrography, geochemical and geophysics studies in the numeric models 1D, 2D and 3D. The main objective of this work was to study phenomena that influence the time variation of the composition of gases (CH4-CO2-H2S) during the industrial operation of the gas in the Florida-Minero field of the Pirineo Block, in Sabinas basin in the northeast of Mexico. Among the Latter Jurassic and Latter Cretaceous, the Sabinas basin in the northeastern of Mexico, was an important deposit of sediments formed by mainly mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments, rich in organic matter of marine and continental origin (predominant). This basin is now a major producer of methane gas in the region and the most important source rocks show the high maturity on the product of a deep burial reaching up to 8 km. Variations of major heat flow during the burial process were the main reason for why just basin produces only dry gas. The diagenetic effects influence in the operation of oil system and are attributed largely to the up-lift of the Laramide Orogeny (49 - 24 ma). These effects in relation to the circulation of fluids are reaction products of TSR, which are studied in detail in this work. To understand better the geochemical evolution of the formation, migration and storage of gas, and to assess the diagenetic history specifically of the Pirineo block, this work was developed using a geochemical modeling (petroleum system 1D, 2D) and geometric 3D. To calibrate the temperature and pressure were used in geochemical and geophysical data set. The geochemical techniques and observation for this investigation were the microscopes; SEM, DRX, and other techniques; Rock-Eval 6, dC13 gas, dC13 and dO18 on rocks. The results of these tests in conjunction with the observations and estimates of thermometry and Raman spectroscopy, applied to fluid inclusions, allowed defining better the stages of hydrocarbon migration and the chronology of the load of the reservoir rocks. The geochemical models were calibrated using as a first step, the% Ro and the BHT, and a second stage the pressure / temperature of the fluid inclusions, which represents the thermodynamic conditions of the fluids at the time of the migration. So based on the obtained results, we can define two hypotheses; - One on the primary cracking of the kerogen without petroleum migration before the uplift, and - A secondary cracking with gas migration during and after the uplift, this for the most important source rock La Casita. This phenomenon of up-lift bring a calculated erosion, between 1.2 and 2.2 km. To this time, the system of faults remained working like route of oil migration, and these were stored in the upper reservoir, which subsequently effects of erosion disappeared. The use of a geochemical model in 2D, was crucial to infer the sedimentation velocity, and thus to know theoretically initially the TOC preserved. The application of mixed kinetics to produce CH4 and CO2, it was possible to apply two kinetic that match with the behavior of organic matter in the basin (TIII, Pepper and Corvi, 1995; CO2, IES, 1993). This allowed estimating the initial petroleum potential of source rocks and petroleum system evolution, particularly the history of formation and accumulation of the oil and gas. After the Middle Cretaceous, the oil trapped in La Casita formation began its transformation into a gas. Fracturing of the up-lift product allowed a migration of CO2 of magmatic origin and this altogether with the accumulated CH4 migrated with a water circulation. The reservoirs rocks of these gases are found in anticline traps, currently exploited. It should be noted that the existence of oil in fluid inclusions in mineral outcrops of fluorite in the neighborhoods to the La Babia and San Marcos faults, is interpreted according to the model results as oil migrated in primary cracking of other bedrock is La Peña Formation, during the up-lift. The interpretation of 2D seismic sections was used in geochemical models and geometric 3D. The results of these models are confirmed and compared with production data. These resources allowed establishing a coherent history of diagenesis for the Pirineo block. According to the models, there are no reported gas reservoirs in the reports; this affirmation is supported by petrographic and geochemical studies of 27 samples for 4 exploratory wells, as well as 162 samples of cuttings from 15 wells. This research shows the combination of the petrographic, geochemical and geophysical resources, for the construction of a comprehensive model (1D-2D and 3D), allowing to propose a regional reconstruction of the petroleum system. In this study we observed the existence of sulfate phenomena reduction, causing the transformation of the rocks-store in stamps and vice versa, as well as the production of CO2 and H2S, based on water-rock interactions
El objetivo principal de este trabajo, fue el estudiar los fenómenos que influyen, sobre la variación con el tiempo de la composición de gases (CH4-CO2-H2S), durante la explotación industrial del gas, en el campo Florida-Minero, del Bloque Pirineo de la Cuenca de Sabinas en México. Entre el Jurasico Tardío y el Cretácico, la Cuenca de Sabinas en el Noreste de México, fue un importante depósito de sedimentos, formados principalmente por rocas siliclasticas carbonatadas, ricos en materia orgánica de origen marino y continental (predominante). Esta cuenca es actualmente un importante productor de gas metano en la región, y las rocas madres mas importantes, muestran una sobre madurez, producto de un sepultamiento profundo que alcanzo hasta los 8 km. Variaciones de flujo de calor importantes durante el enterramiento fueron la razón principal por lo que la cuenca produce solamente gas seco. Los efectos diagenéticos influyen en el funcionamiento del sistema petrolero y son atribuidos en gran parte al up-lift de la Orogenia Laramide (49 – 24 Ma). Estos efectos en relación con la circulación de fluidos son productos de reacciones de tipo TSR, los cuales son estudiados en detalle en este trabajo. Con el fin de comprender mejor, la evolución geoquímica de la formación, migración y almacenado del gas, y de evaluar la historia diagenética específicamente del bloque Pirineo, este trabajo se desarrollo, utilizando un modelado geoquímico (1D, 2D), y geométrico 3D. Para calibrar los modelos en temperatura y presión se utilizaron en conjunto datos geoquímicos y geofísicos. Los técnicas geoquímicas y de observación para realizar esta investigación fueron las microscopias; óptica, electrónica de barrido y rayos X, así como el análisis Rock-Eval 6, dC13 gas, dC13 y dO18 sobre las rocas. Los resultados de estos análisis en conjunto con las observaciones y estimaciones de la termometría y espectrometría Raman, aplicado a inclusiones fluidas, permitieron definir mejor las etapas de migración de hidrocarburos y la cronología de la carga de los almacenes. Los modelos geoquímicos fueron calibrados utilizando en una primera etapa, el %Ro y el BHT, y en una segunda etapa la presión/temperatura de las inclusiones fluidas, que representan las condiciones termodinámicas de los fluidos en el momento de la migración. Así en función de los resultados obtenidos, podemos definir dos hipótesis; - una sobre el cracking primario del kerogeno sin migración de petróleo antes del uplift, y - un cracking secundario con migración de gas durante y después del uplift, esto para la roca madre más importante La Casita. Este fenómeno de up-lift provoco una erosión calculada, entre 1.2 y 2.2 Km. A esta época, el sistema de fallas permaneció funcionando como ruta de migración de aceite, y estos se almacenaron en los reservorios superiores, que posteriormente por efectos de la erosión desaparecieron. La utilización de un modelo geoquímico en 2D, fue determinante para inferir en la velocidad de sedimentación y así conocer teóricamente el TOC inicial preservado. La aplicación de una cinética mixta para producir CH4 y CO2, fue posible al aplicar dos cinéticas que coinciden con el comportamiento de la materia orgánica en la cuenca (TIII, Pepper y Corvi, 1995; CO2, IES, 1993). Esto permitió, poder estimar el potencial petrolero inicial de las rocas madres y la evolución del sistema petrolero, en particular para la historia de formación y acumulación del aceite. Después del Cretácico Medio, el aceite entrampado en la Formación La Casita comenzó su transformación en gas. La fracturación producto del up-lift permitió un dégazage de CO2 de origen magmático y este en conjunto con el CH4 acumulado migro con una circulación de agua. Los almacenes de estos gases se encuentran en trampas anticlinales, explotados actualmente. Cabe señalar que la existencia de aceite en inclusiones fluidas en afloramientos minerales de fluorita en las cercanías a las fallas La Babia y San Marcos, se interpreta de acuerdo a los resultados del modelo como aceite migrado durante el up-lift, durante el cracking primario de otra roca madre, como la Formación La Peña. La interpretación de secciones sísmicas 2D, se utilizo en la construcción de modelos geoquímicos 1D - 2D y geométrico 3D. Los resultados de estos modelos son confirmados y comparados con los datos de producción. Estos recursos permitieron establecer una historia coherente de la diagénesis para el bloque Pirineo. De acuerdo a los modelos, existen reservorios de gas no reportados en los informes, esta afirmación esta sostenida, por los estudios petrográficos y geoquímicos de 27 muestras de núcleos para 4 pozos exploratorios, así como 162 muestras de esquirlas de 15 pozos. Este trabajo muestra la combinación de los recursos petrográficos, geoquímicos y geofísicos, para realizar la construcción de un modelo integral de cuenca (1D-2D y 3D), permitiendo proponer una reconstrucción regional del sistema petrolero. En este estudio se observo la existencia de fenómenos de sulfato reducción, que provocan la transformación de las rocas almacén en sellos y viceversa, así como la producción de CO2 y H2S, en función de las interacciones agua-roca
Maataoui, Mohamed el. "Conséquences de la thermodiffusion en milieu poreux sur l'hydrolyse des solutions de chlorures ferriques et sur les migrations d'hydrocarbures dans des mélanges de N-alcanes et dans un pétrole brut." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599313d.
Full textMaataoui, Mohamed el. "Consequences de la thermodiffusion en milieu poreux sur l'hydrolyse des solutions de chlorures ferriques et sur les migrations d'hydrocarbures dans des melanges de n-alcanes et dans un petrole brut : implications geochimiques." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30041.
Full textEgreteau, Alexandre. "Etude des variations de l'amplitude de la réflectivité du sous-sol après imagerie sismique en profondeur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001811.
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