Academic literature on the topic 'Migratory animals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Peacock, Stephanie J., Martin Krkošek, Mark A. Lewis, and Péter K. Molnár. "A unifying framework for the transient parasite dynamics of migratory hosts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (2020): 10897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908777117.
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Migrations allow animals to track seasonal changes in resources, find mates, and avoid harsh climates, but these regular, long-distance movements also have implications for parasite dynamics and animal health. Migratory animals have been dubbed “superspreaders” of infection, but migration can also reduce parasite burdens within host populations via migratory escape from contaminated habitats and transmission hotspots, migratory recovery due to parasite mortality, and migratory culling of infected individuals. Here, we show that a single migratory host–macroparasite model can give rise to these different phenomena under different parametrizations, providing a unifying framework for a mechanistic understanding of the parasite dynamics of migratory animals. Importantly, our model includes the impact of parasite burden on host movement capability during migration, which can lead to “parasite-induced migratory stalling” due to a positive feedback between increasing parasite burdens and reduced movement. Our results provide general insight into the conditions leading to different health outcomes in migratory wildlife. Our approach lays the foundation for tactical models that can help understand, predict, and mitigate future changes of disease risk in migratory wildlife that may arise from shifting migratory patterns, loss of migratory behavior, or climate effects on parasite development, mortality, and transmission.
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Taylor, Caz M., and Richard J. Hall. "Metapopulation models for seasonally migratory animals." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (2011): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0916.
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Metapopulation models are widely used to study species that occupy patchily distributed habitat, but are rarely applied to migratory species, because of the difficulty of identifying demographically independent subpopulations. Here, we extend metapopulation theory to describe the directed seasonal movement of migratory populations between two sets of habitat patches, breeding and non-breeding, with potentially different colonization and extinction rates between patch types. By extending the classic metapopulation model, we show that migratory metapopulations will persist if the product of the two colonization rates exceeds the product of extinction rates. Further, we develop a spatially realistic migratory metapopulation model and derive a landscape metric—the migratory metapopulation capacity—that determines persistence. This new extension to metapopulation theory introduces an important tool for the management and conservation of migratory species and may also be applicable to model the dynamics of two host–parasite systems.
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Satterfield, Dara A., Peter P. Marra, T. Scott Sillett, and Sonia Altizer. "Responses of migratory species and their pathogens to supplemental feeding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1745 (2018): 20170094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0094.
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Migratory animals undergo seasonal and often spectacular movements and perform crucial ecosystem services. In response to anthropogenic changes, including food subsidies, some migratory animals are now migrating shorter distances or halting migration altogether and forming resident populations. Recent studies suggest that shifts in migratory behaviour can alter the risk of infection for wildlife. Although migration is commonly assumed to enhance pathogen spread, for many species, migration has the opposite effect of lowering infection risk, if animals escape from habitats where pathogen stages have accumulated or if strenuous journeys cull infected hosts. Here, we summarize responses of migratory species to supplemental feeding and review modelling and empirical work that provides support for mechanisms through which resource-induced changes in migration can alter pathogen transmission. In particular, we focus on the well-studied example of monarch butterflies and their protozoan parasites in North America. We also identify areas for future research, including combining new technologies for tracking animal movements with pathogen surveillance and exploring potential evolutionary responses of hosts and pathogens to changing movement patterns. Given that many migratory animals harbour pathogens of conservation concern and zoonotic potential, studies that document ongoing shifts in migratory behaviour and infection risk are vitally needed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host–parasite dynamics in wildlife’.
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Satterfield, Dara A., John C. Maerz, and Sonia Altizer. "Loss of migratory behaviour increases infection risk for a butterfly host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1801 (2015): 20141734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1734.
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Long-distance animal migrations have important consequences for infectious disease dynamics. In some cases, migration lowers pathogen transmission by removing infected individuals during strenuous journeys and allowing animals to periodically escape contaminated habitats. Human activities are now causing some migratory animals to travel shorter distances or form sedentary (non-migratory) populations. We focused on North American monarch butterflies and a specialist protozoan parasite to investigate how the loss of migratory behaviours affects pathogen spread and evolution. Each autumn, monarchs migrate from breeding grounds in the eastern US and Canada to wintering sites in central Mexico. However, some monarchs have become non-migratory and breed year-round on exotic milkweed in the southern US. We used field sampling, citizen science data and experimental inoculations to quantify infection prevalence and parasite virulence among migratory and sedentary populations. Infection prevalence was markedly higher among sedentary monarchs compared with migratory monarchs, indicating that diminished migration increases infection risk. Virulence differed among parasite strains but was similar between migratory and sedentary populations, potentially owing to high gene flow or insufficient time for evolutionary divergence. More broadly, our findings suggest that human activities that alter animal migrations can influence pathogen dynamics, with implications for wildlife conservation and future disease risks.
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Bauer, S., and B. J. Hoye. "Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Worldwide." Science 344, no. 6179 (2014): 1242552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242552.
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Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.
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Dällenbach, Laura J., Alexandra Glauser, Ka S. Lim, Jason W. Chapman, and Myles H. M. Menz. "Higher flight activity in the offspring of migrants compared to residents in a migratory insect." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1881 (2018): 20172829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2829.
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Migration has evolved among many animal taxa and migratory species are found across all major lineages. Insects are the most abundant and diverse terrestrial migrants, with trillions of animals migrating annually. Partial migration, where populations consist of resident and migratory individuals, is ubiquitous among many taxa. However, the underlying mechanisms are relatively poorly understood and may be driven by physiological, behavioural or genetic variation within populations. We investigated the differences in migratory tendency between migratory and resident phenotypes of the hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus , using tethered flight mills. Further, to test whether migratory flight behaviour is heritable and to disentangle the effects of environment during development, we compared the flight behaviour of laboratory-reared offspring of migrating, overwintering and summer animals. Offspring of migrants initiated more flights than those of resident individuals. Interestingly, there were no differences among wild-caught phenotypes with regard to number of flights or total flight duration. Low activity in field-collected migrants might be explained by an energy-conserving state that migrants enter into when under laboratory conditions, or a lack of suitable environmental cues for triggering migration. Our results strongly suggest that flight behaviour is heritable and that genetic factors influence migratory tendency in E. balteatus . These findings support the growing evidence that genetic factors play a role in partial migration and warrant careful further investigation.
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Dunn, Daniel C., Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Corrie Curtice, et al. "The importance of migratory connectivity for global ocean policy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1911 (2019): 20191472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1472.
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The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species interact with anthropogenic stressors throughout their lives. Migratory connectivity, the geographical linking of individuals and populations throughout their migratory cycles, influences how spatial and temporal dynamics of stressors affect migratory animals and scale up to influence population abundance, distribution and species persistence. Population declines of many migratory marine species have led to calls for connectivity knowledge, especially insights from animal tracking studies, to be more systematically and synthetically incorporated into decision-making. Inclusion of migratory connectivity in the design of conservation and management measures is critical to ensure they are appropriate for the level of risk associated with various degrees of connectivity. Three mechanisms exist to incorporate migratory connectivity into international marine policy which guides conservation implementation: site-selection criteria, network design criteria and policy recommendations. Here, we review the concept of migratory connectivity and its use in international policy, and describe the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean system, a migratory connectivity evidence-base for the ocean. We propose that without such collaboration focused on migratory connectivity, efforts to effectively conserve these critical species across jurisdictions will have limited effect.
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Mouritsen, Henrik. "Long-distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals." Nature 558, no. 7708 (2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0176-1.
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Burns, Michael D., and Devin D. Bloom. "Migratory lineages rapidly evolve larger body sizes than non-migratory relatives in ray-finned fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (2020): 20192615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2615.
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Migratory animals respond to environmental heterogeneity by predictably moving long distances in their lifetime. Migration has evolved repeatedly in animals, and many adaptations are found across the tree of life that increase migration efficiency. Life-history theory predicts that migratory species should evolve a larger body size than non-migratory species, and some empirical studies have shown this pattern. A recent study analysed the evolution of body size between diadromous and non-diadromous shads, herrings, anchovies and allies, finding that species evolved larger body sizes when adapting to a diadromous lifestyle. It remains unknown whether different fish clades adapt to migration similarly. We used an adaptive landscape framework to explore body size evolution for over 4500 migratory and non-migratory species of ray-finned fishes. By fitting models of macroevolution, we show that migratory species are evolving towards a body size that is larger than non-migratory species. Furthermore, we find that migratory lineages evolve towards their optimal body size more rapidly than non-migratory lineages, indicating body size is a key adaption for migratory fishes. Our results show, for the first time, that the largest vertebrate radiation on the planet exhibited strong evolutionary determinism when adapting to a migratory lifestyle.
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BARBOSA, Carlos Augusto Lopes, Dulcinéa Maria Barbosa CAMPOS, and Jayrson Araújo de OLIVEIRA. "ASSESSMENT OF IVERMECTIN THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY ON THIRD-STAGE LARVAE OF Lagochilascaris minor IN MICE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 3 (1998): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000300002.
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In this study we evaluated the potential action of ivermectin on third-stage larvae, both at migratory and encysted phases, in mouse tissues after experimental infection with Lagochilascaris minor. Study groups I and II consisted of 120 mice that were orally administered 1,000 parasite eggs. In order to assess ivermectin action upon migratory larvae, group I (60 mice) was equally split in three subgroups, namely I-A, I-B, and I-C. On the 7th day after inoculation (DAI), each animal from the subgroup I-A was treated with 200 µg/Kg ivermectin while subgroup I-B was given 1,000 µg/Kg, both groups received a single subcutaneous dose. To assess the drug action on encysted larvae, group II was equally split in three subgroups, namely II-A, II-B, II-C. On the 45th DAI each animal was treated with ivermectin at 200 µg/Kg (subgroup II-A) and 1,000 µg/Kg (group II-B) with a single subcutaneous dose. Untreated animals of subgroups I-C and II-C were used as controls. On the 60th DAI all animals were submitted to larva search. At a dose of 1,000 µg/Kg the drug had 99.5% effectiveness on third-stage migratory larvae (subgroup I-B). Ivermectin efficacy was lower than 5% on third-stage encysted larvae for both doses as well as for migratory larvae treated with 200µg/Kg.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Ponti, de la Iglesia Raquel. "Evolutionary patterns and processes of migratory behaviour in Palearctic-Paleotropical birds = Patrones y procesos evolutivos del comportamiento migratorio en aves del Paleártico-Paleotrópico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665205.
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One of the most fascinating aspects of birds is their capability of migrate from one area to another throughout the year. Unravelling the patterns and processes involved in the evolution of migration is paramount to understand the current biogeography, ecology and evolution of migratory birds. On this basis, the main aim of the present thesis was to extend the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the evolution of bird migration. To achieve that two main sections are presented in this thesis. In the first one, the aims were to disentangle the patterns of evolution of migratory behaviour and the identifying the main factors that could play an important role in it, using Sylvia warblers as case of study. In the second section, we explored the climatic niche and the potential distribution of breeding and wintering ranges in the last glacial maximum (LGM) of trans-Saharan long migratory species, in order to unravel the changes in migratory behaviour.
We explored the evolution of migration in Sylvia warblers as both a discrete and continuous character using ancestral state reconstruction methods. We recovered the basal node as migratory in most analyses, suggesting seven independent losses of migratory behaviour in Sylvia warblers. Both analyses performed with migration as discrete or continuous character recovered different probabilities of sedentariness or migratoriness in some conflicting nodes depending of the ASR elements used. This forced as to consider controversial hypotheses of evolution of migration in some clades that could evolved from migratory to sedentary in a very short period of time or going through a partial migratory status instead.
We used phylogenetic comparative methods to assess whether the evolutionary patterns of migratory distances are correlated with several biometric, climatic and productivity variables in a phylogenetic context, using Sylvia warblers as a case study. Our results recover net primary productivity (NPP) in the breeding range and during the breeding season as the variable with stronger positive correlation with migratory distances. Several climatic variables show a correlation with the evolution of migration and among morphological variables, migratory lineages tend to have longer wings than sedentary ones. It is not possible to disentangle if NPP was a main driver in the evolution of bird migratory behaviour or a consequence of it, yet migration and NPP seem to be tightly related today and along their evolutionary history.
Migratory birds occupy different geographic areas during breeding and wintering periods and are exposed to different factors. One of those factors is the climatic component of the niche. We tested if migratory birds display similar climatic conditions in both breeding and wintering areas, using 355 bird migratory species from Eurasian to Africa flyways. Our results show that there is not climatic niche overlap between both ranges. This suggests that the climatic niche of most Euro-African migratory species is larger than expected. Given these results, both breeding and wintering climatic data need to be considered when performing species distribution models, to incorporate the total width of the climatic niche.
During the Plio-Pleistocene, glacial cycles have shaped Northern Hemisphere birds' distributions that could result in changes in their migratory behaviour. In this context, it has been suggested that long-distance North American migratory species could have lost their migratory condition during cold periods regaining it later in warmer periods. We tested this hypothesis in Eurasian-African extant migratory bird species. We modelled present and LGM distribution of 80 trans-Saharan bird migratory species and we revised the available fossil record. Our results show a southwards reduction of the breeding distributions during the LGM compared to the present and similar wintering areas in the present and Pleistocene, with the Saharan belt gap always present through time. These results and the Pleistocene fossils from Africa not support the hypothesis of a loss of migratory condition in these species.<br>Uno de los aspectos más fascinantes dentro de la ornitología es el estudio de la migración. Saber cuáles son los patrones y procesos implicados en la evolución de la migración, permite descubrir tanto componentes ecológicos, biogeográficos como evolutivos dentro las aves. Por ello, en esta tesis se pretende aumentar el conocimiento acerca de los mecanismos implicados en la evolución de la migración en algunas aves.
Por un lado, se investigó cómo evolucionó la migración y qué factores pueden actuar como motores de su evolución en un contexto filogenético usando el género Sylvia como caso de estudio. Encontramos que los procesos de cambio en el comportamiento migratorio ocurrían siempre de migratorio a sedentario, siendo el antecesor del género también migratorio. Esto supone que probablemente el coste de pasar de migratorio a sedentario es menor que al revés. Además, evaluando si factores como el clima, la morfología o la productividad eran importantes en la evolución de la migración en el género Sylvia, encontramos que la productividad juega un papel muy importante. Esto supone que probablemente las especies comenzaron a migrar aprovechando los picos de productividad que surgen en latitudes medias durante la época de cría.
Por otro lado, se investigó la evolución de la migración en un contexto biogeográfico y macrecológico utilizando especies migratorias Euro-Africanas. Primero se evaluó si las especies migratorias están sometidas a las mismas condiciones climáticas tanto en las zonas de cría como en invernada. Si fuera así, las especies migratorias podrían moverse guiándose o en busca de condiciones similares a lo largo de todo el año. Sin embargo, encontramos que no es así y por lo tanto las especies migratorias presentan un nicho climático mayor de lo esperado que es necesario tener en cuenta a la hora de hacer modelos de distribución. Considerando esto, realizamos modelos de distribución de especies transaharianas tanto en el presente como durante el último glacial máximo. En este caso queríamos descubrir si las especies seguían migrando cuando parte del Paleártico estaba cubierto de nieve, o si se hicieron sedentarias como se ha sugerido para especies migratorias norteamericanas. Nuestros resultados, junto con el registro fósil consultado, no apoyan que las especies dejaran de migrar, sino que probablemente redujeran sus distancias migratorias.
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Tucek, Jenny Bianka. "Comparison of the population growth potential of South African loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5032.
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A beach conservation programme protecting nesting loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles in South Africa was started in 1963. As initial numbers of nesting females were low for both species (107 loggerheads and 24 leatherbacks) it was proposed that the protection of eggs, hatchlings and nesting females along the nesting beach would induce population growth and prohibit local extinction. Today, 50 years later, the loggerhead population exceeds 650 females per annum, whereas the leatherback population counts about 65 nesting females per year. The trend for leatherback turtles is that the population has been stable for about 30 years whereas loggerheads are increasing exponentially. Thus, this thesis investigated several life-history traits to explain the differing responses to the ongoing beach conservation programme. Reproductive output and success were assessed for both species; it was hypothesised that environmental conditions are sub-optimal for leatherback turtles to reproduce successfully. It was ascertained that nesting loggerhead females deposit larger clutches than leatherbacks (112 ± SD 20 eggs and 100 ± SD 23 eggs, respectively), but that annual reproductive output per individual leatherback female exceeds that of loggerhead turtles (±700 eggs and ±448 eggs, respectively) because they exhibit a higher intra-seasonal nesting frequency (leatherbacks n = 7 and loggerheads n = 4 from Nel et al. 2013). Emergence success (i.e. the percentage of hatchlings produced) per nest was similar for both species (loggerhead 73.6 ± SD 27.68 % and leatherback turtles 73.8 ± SD 22.70 %), but as loggerhead turtles nest in greater numbers, i.e. producing more hatchlings per year, the absolute population growth potential favours the loggerhead turtle. The second factor investigated was sex ratio because sea turtles display temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) where extreme incubation temperatures can skew the sex ratio (i.e. feminising or masculinising a clutch). It was suspected that leatherback turtles are male-biased as this is the southern-most rookery (for both species). Further, leatherback nests are generally closer to the high tide mark, which might induce a cooling effect. Standard histological techniques were applied to sex hatchlings and a generalized linear model (GLM) was used to approximate annual sex ratio. Loggerhead sex ratio (2009 - 2011) was estimated at 86.9 ± SE 0.35 % female-biased; however, sufficient replication for the leatherback population was only obtained for season 2010, which indicated a 97.1 % (95 % CI 93.3 - 98.7) female bias. Both species are, thus, highly female-biased, and current sex ratio for leatherback turtles is not prohibiting population growth. Current sex ratios, however, are not necessarily indicative of sex ratios in the past which would have induced present population growth. Thus, to account for present population growth profiles, sex ratios from the past needed to be ascertained. Annual sex ratios (1997 - 2011) were modelled from historical air and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) but no significant change over time was obtained for either loggerhead or leatherback turtles (linear regression; p ≥ 0.45). The average sex ratio over this 15-year period for the South African loggerhead turtle was approximated at 77.1 ± SE 3.36 % female-biased, whereas leatherbacks exhibited a 99.5 ± SE 0.24 % female bias. Re-analysing data from the mid-80s by Maxwell et al. (1988) also indicated a 77.4 % female bias for the South African loggerhead population. It is, therefore, highly likely that sex ratios of the South African loggerhead and leatherback sea turtle populations have been stable for at least three decades and are not accountable for the differing population growth profiles as they are displayed today. Another possibility that could explain the opposed population growth profiles is the time taken for animals to replace themselves, i.e. age at maturity. It was suspected that age at maturity for the South African loggerhead turtle is comparable with that for leatherbacks. Using data from a 30-year mutilation tagging experiment (i.e. notching), age at first reproduction for South African loggerhead females was estimated. Results ranged broadly but a mean of 36.2 ± SD 7.71 years was obtained using a Gaussian distribution. Age at reproduction of the South African leatherback turtle was not determined but the literature suggests a much younger age of 13.3 - 26.8 years (Zug & Parham 1996, Dutton et al. 2005, Avens et al. 2009, Jones et al. 2011). Therefore, population growth would favour leatherback turtles as they exhibit a much shorter generation time. Finally, it was concluded that all life-history parameters investigated favour leatherback turtles, yet loggerheads are displaying population growth. However, as there were no obvious constraints to population growth on the nesting beach, it is suspected that population growth of the South African leatherback turtle is either unobserved (due to inadequate monitoring not capturing sufficient numbers of nesting events to establish a trend) or that population growth is prohibited by some offshore factor such as industrial fisheries (or some other driver not yet identified). Monitoring should, thus, be expanded and offshore mortality monitored as the leatherback population nesting in South Africa is still critically endangered with nesting numbers dangerously low.
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Estopinal, Ashley. "Effects of Migratory Habit on the Genetic Diversity of Avian Populations from the Oak Openings in Northwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1379840178.
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Whalin, Rebekah Christine. "The Detection of Mycoplasmas in Migratory Birds." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1239986702.
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Cruz, Flores Marta. "Estrategia de vida de una especie longeva y migratoria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669585.
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Los océanos están sufriendo un cambio muy rápido. Esto evidencia la necesidad de estudiar especies a largo plazo que puedan informarnos sobre la magnitud y dirección de estos cambios. Los ambientes oceánicos son especialmente difíciles de estudiar, por lo que profundizar en la estrategia de vida de un depredador oceánico podría aportar luz sobre los vínculos entre el medio oceánico, los recursos tróficos y cómo estos son usados para supervivencia, crecimiento y fecundidad. Estas cuestiones pueden ser estudiadas a través de diferentes disciplinas, como la demografía, el movimiento animal o la ecología trófica, cuyos rápidos avances tecnológicos y teóricos han abierto nuevas posibilidades de investigación. Las mejoras en los modelos de captura-marcaje-recaptura, el aumento en el uso de análisis de isótopos estables en estudios de dieta y migración, junto con la reducción del tamaño de los dispositivos de seguimiento remoto, ofrecen la oportunidad de estudiar las estrategias de vida de especies pequeñas hasta ahora inaccesibles. Con la presente tesis, mi objetivo es estudiar la estrategia de vida de una especie pequeña, longeva, oceánica y migratoria, el petrel de Bulwer (Bulweria Bulwerii), en el océano Atlántico. Específicamente, mi objetivo es profundizar en las estrategias de alimentación y migratorias, y entender las implicaciones de la reproducción en su ecología trófica y su supervivencia. Mis resultados revelan que, durante el periodo de cría, los petreles de Bulwer buscan alimento principalmente alrededor de las Islas Canarias y las aguas de Azores, donde se alimentan de presas mesopelágicas. Muestro cómo la reproducción implica limitaciones (a nivel espacial, de actividad y trófico) y cómo puede suponer un coste en la supervivencia, especialmente para las hembras de petrel de Bulwer, mientras que los machos parecen reducir este coste mediante la toma de años sabáticos. Evalué y confirmé el potencial del análisis de isótopos estables como un buen marcador geográfico para el estudio de los movimientos migratorios de depredadores marinos. Los petreles de Bulwer migraron a dos áreas principales de invernada, el Atlántico Central y Sur, lo que implica diferencias en fenología y en las estrategias migratorias. Los petreles de Bulwer parecen ser resilientes a los cambios en el medio durante la invernada, pero más sensibles a ellos durante la época de cría, resultando en una menor supervivencia en años con mayor temperatura de la superficie del mar. De hecho, inferí que la creciente temperatura de los océanos disminuirá drásticamente la supervivencia del petrel de Bulwer, comprometiendo la viabilidad de sus poblaciones, y convirtiendo esta especie en un excelente centinela de los cambios que ocurren en las redes tróficas oceánicas.<br>Oceans are suffering from rapid environmental change, pointing to the need of multi-year studies on species that can inform us about the strength and direction of these changes. Oceanic environments are remarkably difficult to study, thus studying the Life History (LH) strategy of an oceanic predator may shed new light on the links between the oceanic environment, trophic resources and how these are used for survival, growth, and fecundity. These topics can be studied through different disciplines, such as demography, movement and trophic ecology, for which rapid technological and theoretical advances have opened new avenues of research. The improvements in capture-mark-recapture models, the increasing use of stable isotopes analysis (SIA) in diet and migration studies, together with the size reduction in tracking devices, offer the opportunity to study LH strategies of small species previously inaccessible. With the present thesis, I aimed to study the LH strategy of a small, long-lived, oceanic and migratory species, the Bulwer’s petrel (Bulweria bulwerii; BP), in the Atlantic Ocean. Specifically, I aimed to delve into their foraging and migratory strategies and to understand the implications of reproduction on their trophic ecology and survival. Our results revealed that during the breeding period BP foraged mainly around the Canarian and Azorean waters to feed on mesopelagic prey. I showed that reproduction implies constraints (at spatial, activity, and trophic levels) and can carry a cost on survival, especially for BP females, while males seem to reduce this cost through sabbatical years. We evaluated and confirmed the potential of SIA as a good geographic marker to study migratory movements of marine predators. BP migrated to two main non-breeding areas, the Central and the South Atlantic, which implied different phenological and migratory strategies. BP showed to be resilient to environment changes during the non-breeding season, but more sensitive to them during the breeding season, resulting in a lower survival in years with higher sea surface temperature. Indeed, we inferred the increasing temperature of the oceans will sharply decrease BP survival, compromising their populations viability, and making them an excellent sentinel of the changes occurring in oceanic food webs.
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Morera, Pujol Virginia. "Multi-colony approaches to study migratory and foraging strategies in pelagic seabirds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668684.
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Movement is a widespread characteristic in the animal kingdom —occurring at many spatiotemporal scales— with consequences at an individual, population, species, and even ecosystem level. It is a very diverse character, with many
different drivers that stem from the way in which individuals interact with their environment. Of these, one of the most important is the distribution of resources, particularly for migratory and foraging movements. In migration, the search for an optimal environment involves movement at large spatiotemporal scales, following seasonal changes in resource distribution. In foraging movements, the search for resources happens at small spatiotemporal scales, and involves different strategies to optimise the search and capture of food, including the ability to obtain foraging cues from conspecifics. In seabirds, movement —at large and local scales— has deep repercussions in their life-history traits, evolutionary history, morphology, physiology and behaviour, which makes them a very valuable study group to understand the role, the causes and consequences of migratory and foraging movements in the ecology of marine top- predators.
The study of migratory and foraging movements has been revolutionised by the development of smaller, cheaper and better tracking devices, promoting multi-colony, population and even species approaches to the study of animal movement, but which also come with a set of methodological challenges that have to be addressed in order to make unbiased inferences of space and habitat use at population or species level from individual movement data.
In this thesis, we develop methods to test the possible biases introduced by the use of individual tracking data to infer distribution at a population or species level. we then apply these tools to a multi-colony dataset of non-breeding locations of Cory’s (Calonectris borealis), Scopoli’s
(C. diomedea) and Cape Verde (C. edwardsii) shearwaters, to study their migratory
connectivity and non-breeding habitat segregation at the colony, population and species level. Lastly, we apply state-of-the-art spatial models to study foraging distributions of three neighbouring colonies of Cory’s shearwaters, detect the segregation among them and unravel the environmental and behavioural drivers of this segregation.
I developed several functions in the R environment aimed at the detection of the effects of individual site fidelity and temporal variability in the inference of spatial use at a colony or
population level, and to calculate the degree in which the movements of a single population can be representative of those of the entire species. These tools are applicable to individual movement data regardless of the species or tracking device. we also used these tools to demonstrate the spatial and ecological segregation between the non-breeding distributions of three taxa of Calonectris shearwaters studied, as well as detecting a stronger degree of
migratory connectivity at a population than at a colony level, indicating that individuals of
different colonies within a population mix in the non-breeding areas, but birds from different populations do not, which has important implications for their population dynamics and for their conservation and management. Lastly, we demonstrated segregation among the foraging distributions of three neighbouring colonies of Cory’s shearwaters, both in the waters surrounding the colony and in distant, foraging grounds, finding evidences of both environmental and behavioural drivers behind this segregation, and suggesting a mechanism through which transfer of information between individuals can be shaping the distributions of foraging seabirds.
The results of this thesis provide relevant tools for the field of movement ecology, as they can be used for analysing movements of mobile species, regardless of species, tracking device or spatiotemporal scale. In addition, they are relevant for the field of seabird ecology as they provide insights into the causes of space and habitat use in long-ranging pelagic seabirds.<br>El moviment és una característica omnipresent en el regne animal, a les més diverses escales espacio-temporals i amb conseqüències a diferents nivells (individual,. poblacional, específic i fins i tot ecosistèmic). La força impulsora del moviment més predominant i generalitzada és distribució dels recursos en el medi, important tant a gran escala (moviments migratoris) com en els moviments diaris de recerca d’aliment a escala petita. En les aus marines en particular, el moviment té repercussions profundes en les seves característiques morfològiques i de comportament, en la seva història de vida, i la seva història evolutiva. El desenvolupament de dispositius de seguiment més petits, barats i precisos ha promocionat la proliferació d’estudis del moviment animal des d’un punt de vista multi- colònia, de població i fins i tot d’espècie. En aquesta tesi, desenvolupo diferents funcions per testar els biaixos introduïts en l’estudi del moviment, a través de dades de seguiment individual, a nivell de població o espècie. Posteriorment, utilitzo aquestes eines per a analitzar la connectivitat migratòria i la segregació dels hàbitats d’hivernada, des d’un punt de vista
multi-colònia, de les baldrigues cendroses de l’Atlàntic (Calonectris borealis), del Mediterrani
(C. diomedea), i de Cap Verd (C. edwardsii). Per últim, aplico un mètode innovador de modelatge espacial per a estudiar les distribucions d’alimentació de baldrigues cendroses de l’Atlàntic criant en tres colònies veïnes, per detectar-ne la segregació i descobrir-ne les causes, tant ambientals com comportamentals, incloent com els diferents mecanismes de transferència
d’informació entre individus poden afectar a aquestes distribucions. Els resultats d’aquesta tesi tenen rellevància per a la ecologia del moviment en general, ja que són aplicables a dades de moviment individual de qualsevol espècie, independentment de l’aparell de seguiment utilitzat, i en el camp de l’ecologia de les aus marines, ja que proporciona nous coneixements sobre els diferents factors afectant la distribució i l’ús de l’espai, tant durant la cria com durant la hivernada, en aus pelàgiques.
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Tierney, Lauren. "An Agent-Based Model of Wildlife Migratory Patterns in Human-Disturbed Landscapes." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19266.
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In recent years, human decision-making has led to significant landscape impacts in the western United States. Specifically, migratory wildlife populations have increasingly been impacted by rural urban development and energy resource development. This research presents the application of agent-based modeling to explore how such impacts influence the characteristics of migratory animal movement, focusing on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Western Wyoming. This study utilizes complex adaptive systems and agent-based modeling frameworks to increase understanding of migratory patterns in a changing landscape and explores thresholds of interference to migration patterns due to increased habitat degradation and fragmentation. The agent-based model utilizes GPS-collar data to examine how individual processes lead to population-level patterns of movement and adaptation. The assessment incorporates elements from both human and natural systems to explore potential future scenarios for human development in the natural landscape and incorporates adaptive behaviors, as well as animal-movement ecology, in changing landscapes.
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Kuntz, Delphine. "Ostéométrie et migration(s) du renne (Rangifer tarandus) dans le Sud-Ouest de la France au cours du dernier Pléniglaciaire et du Tardiglaciaire (21500 - 13000 ca. BP)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20101.
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Cette recherche doctorale entend caractériser les fluctuations morphologiques des rennes paléolithiques du Sud-Ouest de la France consécutives aux changements climatiques. En effet, le dernier Pléniglaciaire et le Tardiglaciaire (entre 21 500 - 13 000 cal. BP) ont constitué des périodes de contraintes paléoclimatiques et paléoenvironnementales particulièrement fortes, qui ont occasionné, directement ou indirectement, des répercussions sur la taille corporelle des populations de rennes. Les séries analysées dans le cadre de ce travail proviennent tant du registre actuel que fossile. Plusieurs échantillons de populations actuelles (Norvège, Finlande, Groenland) ont ainsi été analysés, afin de tester notre méthodologie et d’envisager des comparaisons morphologiques avec les populations passées. Le corpus paléolithique comporte 29 assemblages naturels et anthropiques du Sud-Ouest de la France, datés majoritairement du dernier Pléniglaciaire et du Tardiglaciaire. La méthode du Variability Size Index appliquée récemment sur le Renne paléolithique posant des problèmes, s’agissant notamment de la détermination du sex-ratio d’un assemblage, du caractère significatif ou non des différences morphologiques -isométriques et allométriques - observées..., nous avons eu recours à une nouvelle méthodologie combinant plusieurs outils statistiques appliqués à un nouvel indice de taille (VSI* : Variability Size Index modifié). Les analyses ostéométriques et statistiques que nous avons effectuées tendent à identifier des fluctuations morphologiques temporelles attestant d’adaptations de l’espèce. D’un point de vue synchronique, nos résultats permettent de rejeter l’hypothèse précédemment soutenue de différences entre les rennes tardiglaciaires des Landes d’une part et du secteur Dordogne/Gironde d’autre part. Les données saisonnières tendent toutefois à indiquer une absence de migrations de grande ampleur des rennes selon cet axe Nord/Sud. L’existence de populations distinctes est toutefois proposée entre les rennes des Landes et ceux du Bassin de l’Aude. Le Sud-Ouest de la France, à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, aurait été occupé de manière pérenne par des troupeaux de rennes, dont le comportement migratoire reste cependant à déterminer plus précisément<br>This doctoral research aims at characterizing morphological fluctuations resulting from climate change in palaeolithic reindeers from Southwest France. Indeed, the Last Pleniglacial and the Last Glacial (between 21 500 - 13 000 cal. BP) constituted periods of particularly strong palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental constraints, which ended, either directly or indirectly, in repercussions on the body size of reindeer populations. The series analyzed within the framework of this work result from both current and fossil registers. Several samples of current populations (Norway, Finland, and Greenland) were thus analyzed, in order to experiment our methodology and envisage morphological comparisons with the past populations. The palaeolithic corpus is composed of 29 natural and anthropological assemblages of Southwest France, dated mainly from the Last Pleniglacial and the Last Glacial. Since the Variability Size Index method recently applied to palaeolithic Reindeer raises issues, particularly relating to the determination of an assemblage’s sex-ratio, to the characterization or not of observed morphological differences –either isometric and allometric–, we decided to use a new methodology combining several statistical tools applied to a new size index (VSI*: modified Variability Size Index). Osteometric and statistical analyses that we performed tend to identify temporal morphological fluctuations, demonstrating adaptations of the specie. From a synchronic standpoint, our results allow to reject the hypothesis previously asserted regarding differences between Last Glacial reindeers from Landes on the one hand and the Dordogne/Gironde sector, on the other hand. Seasonal data however tend to indicate an absence of large-scale migrations of reindeers according to such a North/South axis. Nonetheless, the existence of different populations between reindeers of Landes and those of the Aude basin is proposed. Hence, Southwest France, at the end of the upper Palaeolithic, would have been occupied continuously by reindeer herds, the migratory behaviour of which however remains to determine more exactly
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Rambeau, Andrea Louise. "Determining abundance and stock structure for a widespread migratory animal : the case of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2819.
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Developing appropriate management plans for species at risk requires information about their population structure and abundance. For most cetacean populations, few reliable population estimates are available and even fewer distributions have been mapped. Accurate abundance estimates can be determined from capture-recapture data if assumptions are met, however this can be difficult when the animal in question demonstrates both strong site fidelity and large-scale migrations, and different models can result in dramatically different results.
I explored these issues by examining a 15-year dataset (1992-2006) of photo-identifications of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. I used multiple capture-recapture models to compare how the definition of population and variation in effort affected estimates of population size, and I explored means to correct for these biases. I also considered stock structure by examining individual breeding ground destinations, movement, and localized site-fidelity within BC.
Across the six models considered, the BC humpback whale abundance in 2006 ranged between 1,428 and 3,856 individuals. The Lincoln-Petersen estimate (1,428-1,892) likely best described the number of humpback whales in BC during summer 2006. The effort-standardized Jolly-Seber model (1,970-2,331) is more representative of the larger population of humpback whales that uses or passes through BC over multiple years. Ultimately, selecting the best estimation model requires defining the ‘population’ of interest and accounting for spatial and temporal distribution of sampling effort.
British Columbia provides feeding habitat and a potential migratory corridor for whales that breed in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Forty-four percent of the 1,986 humpback whales considered were sighted in BC in more than one year. Identifications were highest from May to October, with a peak in September, but humpback whales were present in BC in all months of the year. Whales showed strong site fidelity with a median re-sighting distance of 75 km between years, and a maximum re-sighting distance that ranged from 0.41 km to 842 km. Matching rate within BC decreased as a function of north-south distance, though no clear north-south boundary could be established. Stock structure of humpback whales in British Columbia is complex and should be considered in managing this population.
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Leal, Inara Roberta. "Ecologia comportamental de Pachycondyla marginata (Roger) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) : predação em grupo e habito migratorio." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316191.
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Orientador : Paulo Sergio Oliveira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T21:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Leal_InaraRoberta_M.pdf: 4456041 bytes, checksum: 24cf19f7608278185a800b5b58156d2f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1994<br>Resumo: Este estudo investigou a predação em grupo e o hábito migratório da formiga neotropical Pachycondyla marginata. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em floresta semidecidua, na Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP. Um total de 202 incurses em grupo a cupinzeiros foi observado de fevereiro de 1991 a setembro de 1993. Pachycondyla marginata predou exclusivamente cupins da espécie Neocapritermes opacus (Termitidae). As incursões ocorreram de dia e à noite, numa freqüência aproximada de uma vez a cada duas semanas, podendo durar de duas a mais de 24 horas. As colônias the P. marginata tiveram de 500 a 1500 operárias, 20% das quais estiveram envolvidas na caça. A atividade de caça na estação chuvosa foi mais intensa durante a noite. Por outro lado, o pico desta atividade na estações seca ocorreu por volta das 16:00 h. As formigas capturaram cupins operários e soldados, numa proporção média de 13:1. A distância entre o ninho de P. marginata e o cupinzeiro atacadci variou de 0~12 a 38 m e foi maior na estação seca. A remoção de partículas de solo do interior do ninho foi freqüentemente observada nas colônias de P. marginata. Esta atividade foi constante ao longo do dia na estação chuvosa, mas apresentou uma pico em torno das 16:00 h na estações seca. A porcentagem de colonias engajadas na caça ao longo do ano Ifoi mais alta na estação seca. A limpeza dos ninhos, entretanto, foi mais intensa na estações chuvosa. Migrações<br>Abstract: This study investigates the group-raiding behavior and migratory habit of the neotropical ant Pachycondyla marginata. Field work was carried out in the semideciduous forest of the Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP. A total of 202 group-raid of termite nests was observed from February 1991 to September 1993. Pachycondyla marginata preyed exclusively on the termite Neocapritermes opacus (Termitidae). Raids on termite nests can occur both by day and by night, approximately every two weeks, lasting two ta 24 hours. Colonies of P. marginata contained 500 ta 1500 workers, 20% whom were engaged in hunting activity. In the rainy season, hunting activity was more intense during the night. On the other hand, the peak of hunting activity in the dry season was around 16:00 h. Worker and soldier termites were captured by the ants in an approximate proportion of 13:1. The distance between a colony of P. marginata and a target termite nest varied from 0.12 to 38 m. The removal of soil particles from the interior of the nest was frequently observed in colonies of P. marginata. This activity was constant throughout the day in the rainy season, being more frequent at 16:00 h during the dry season. The proportion of colonies engaged in hunting activity was higher during the dry season. Cleaning activity, however, was more frequent in the rainy season. Migration by colonies of P. marginata was recorded on occasions; nest relocations lasted 1-2 days and covered distances Df 2 to 97 m. Colonies relocated their nests to greater distances during the dry season. The approximate residence time Df ant colonies at a given location was 150 days. Some colonies Df P. marginata had more than one dealated 1emale and colony 1ission could occur when these reached maturity. Success Df colony foundation was approximately 43%. Group-raiding and nomadism are considered diagnostic behavioral patterns Df army-ants. The predatory and migratory behaviors Df P. marginata probably represent an early stage in the evolution Df the true army-ant habito<br>Mestrado<br>Ecologia<br>Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
Books on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Stanley, Johnson. Survival: Saving endangered migratory species. Stacey International, 2010.
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Carney, Elizabeth. Great migrations: Whales, wildebeests, butterflies, elephants, and other amazing animals on the move. National Geographic, 2010.
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Riede, Klaus. Global register of migratory species: Database, GIS maps and threat analysis. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 2001.
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Riede, Klaus. Global register of migratory species: From global to regional scales : final report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Kapoor, Sanjay, and Kuldeep Dhama. "Role of Migratory Birds in Spreading Influenza Viruses." In Insight into Influenza Viruses of Animals and Humans. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05512-1_6.
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Sirisha, G. N. V. G., and M. Shashi. "Mining Closed Interesting Subspaces to Discover Conducive Living Environment of Migratory Animals." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2695-6_14.
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Marcuzzi, Giorgio. "Migratory Phenomena in European animal species." In Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1876-4_13.
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Viljoen, G. J., A. G. Luckins, and I. Naletoski. "Animal Migration Tracking Methods." In Stable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28298-5_2.
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"DRAWN ANIMALS." In Migratory Sound. University of Arkansas Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d7zkw.62.
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"migratory species [n] of wild animals." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_8078.
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"species [n] of wild animals, migratory." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_13473.
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"management [n] of migratory species of wild animals." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_7799.
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Hall, Richard J., Sonia Altizer, Stephanie J. Peacock, and Allison K. Shaw. "Animal migration and infection dynamics: Recent advances and future frontiers." In Animal Behavior and Parasitism. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895561.003.0007.
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Abstract Long-distance animal migrations are spectacular, widespread, and ecologically important. Seasonal movements that allow animals to track favorable conditions over space and time can be energetically demanding and require behavioral and physiological changes over the annual cycle. Resulting changes in animal aggregation, condition, immunity, and location can often drive changes in exposure and susceptibility to parasite infection. Infection in turn can influence individual hosts’ movement behavior, and potentially impose selection pressure on the propensity and extent of movement. This chapter surveys the ecology and evolution of host–parasite interactions in migratory animals, and proposes a novel framework for understanding observed host–parasite dynamics in the context of feedbacks between migration and parasite infection at the individual host and population levels. We apply this framework to predict the consequences of global climate and habitat disruptions for host–pathogen dynamics, with a particular view towards migratory species conservation and public health. Finally, we identify three research frontiers—migration–parasitism feedbacks, the role of individual variation, and responses to global change—that represent promising future directions for advancing the integrated study of migration and parasitism.
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"1730 effective management [n] of migratory species of wild animals." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_3934.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Cui, Kai, Cheng Hu, Rui Wang, Siwei Li, Dongli Wu, and Shuqing Ma. "Extracting Vertical Distribution of Aerial Migratory Animals Using Weather Radar." In 2019 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - China (ACES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/aces48530.2019.9060648.
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Pragasam, Sathishkumar. "Eco Friendly Lighting Options for Offshore Installations and Related Design Challenges." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207994-ms.
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Abstract The impact of artificial lighting on birds and animals has been a subject of research for many decades. These studies have established that light pollution from offshore facilities result in disturbing effects on migratory birds and marine animals. It is understood from the various studies that light emanating from offshore structures attract birds at night and disorient them during their migratory flight. As they are distracted from their flight path, they are either found trapped by the light that they keep circling around the installations or make them to take shelter in the installations, ultimately making them miss their migratory journey. This results in reduced winter survival and reduced reproduction success. Many birds are also found to die eventually because of bird strike or by getting themselves incinerated in flares. Congregation of birds in offshore installations also lead to risks related to helicopter landing / take-off. It is also observed that artificial light attracts marine species like turtles and fishes, which result in adverse effects like alteration of feeding habits, impacted circadian rhythm and interference with their reproductive function. From the knowledge of aforementioned disruptive effects of artificial lighting, significant efforts have been made to develop lighting systems for offshore installations that are eco-friendly. Various means of mitigating the undesirable effects of artificial lighting in offshore installations are being tried in the last couple of decades.
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Nafornita, Nicolae. "Prevalența dicroceliozei la ovine și caprine la ferma privată din satul Gradiște, raionul Cimișlia." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.54.
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A survey incorporating field and abattoir studies was carried out on the prevalence of Dicrocoelium lanceolatum in sheep and goats in the village Gradiste, district Cimislia, the R. Moldova. Coprological studies on these animals revealed that 71,9% of sheep and 87,7% of goats were positive for dicrocoeliosis, with a mean number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of 277,7 for sheep and 261,8 for goats. The necropsy liver examination of slaughtered animals revealed that 94.1% of sheep and 75% of goats were infected with D. lanceolatum and they had mean fluke burdens of 247.2 (sheep) and 298.1 (goats). No significant differences in fluke burden, liver lesion score and EPG count were observed between sheep and goats. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a higher percentage of infection in autumn and winter as compared with spring and summer. The potential role of migratory sheep and goats in the epizootiology of dicrocoeliosis is discussed.
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AbdalKhabir Ali, Ali, and Hajar Salah Auda. "The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/64.
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"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."
Reports on the topic "Migratory animals"
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.
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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.
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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).
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A decade of science support in the sagebrush biome (NOTE: to be released late September 2021). Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.7488985.
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Working Lands for Wildlife (WLFW) invests in science to proactively target conservation investments and quantify outcomes. This report summarizes more than a decade of WLFW science’s current understanding of identified sagebrush biome threats on western working rangelands and how best to address them through voluntary conservation actions. More than 350 plant and animal species are benefitting from this conservation, notably sage grouse, sagebrush songbirds, and migratory big game populations. 61 peer-reviewed publications are referenced in the report that are helping guide targeted conservation of the sage brush biome, conserve core areas, along with scientifically quantifying outcomes.