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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory birds'
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1
Ralph, C. John. "Neotropical Migratory Birds." Ecology 78, no. 3 (1997): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0963:nmb]2.0.co;2.
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Brown, Alastair. "Arctic migratory birds." Nature Climate Change 6, no. 8 (2016): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3097.
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Meredith, Emily. "FLAP Birds—Dealing with Migratory Birds." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 28, no. 2 (2010): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v28.104.
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During spring and fall migrations, birds migrating during the night are attracted by city lights and often collide with Toronto high–rise buildings. Birds also crash into windows during the day as the reflections create an illusion of open sky. Toronto Wildlife Centre (TWC) works with the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP) to assess and treat the birds that have been injured. In peak flight times 20 to100 birds can arrive at the centre daily. The arrival of so many birds can be a daunting task if one is unprepared. Discussion focuses on how to deal with these rehabilitation patients, the most common injuries, housing, and diet concerns.
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Huang, Xi, Zelin Chen, Guocheng Yang, et al. "Assemblages of Plasmodium and Related Parasites in Birds with Different Migration Statuses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (2022): 10277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810277.
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Migratory birds spend several months in their breeding grounds in sympatry with local resident birds and relatively shorter periods of time at stopover sites. During migration, parasites may be transmitted between migratory and resident birds. However, to what extent they share these parasites remains unclear. In this study, we compared the assemblages of haemosporidian parasites in migratory, resident, and passing birds, as well as the correlations between parasite assemblages and host phylogeny. Compared with passing birds, migratory birds were more likely to share parasites with resident birds. Shared lineages showed significantly higher prevalence rates than other lineages, indicating that common parasites are more likely to spill over from the current host to other birds. For shared lineages, the prevalence was significantly higher in resident birds than in migratory birds, suggesting that migratory birds pick up parasites at their breeding ground. Among the shared lineages, almost two-thirds presented no phylogenetic signal in their prevalence, indicating that parasite transmission among host species is weakly or not correlated with host phylogeny. Moreover, similarities between parasite assemblages are not correlated with either migration status or the phylogeny of hosts. Our results show that the prevalence, rather than host phylogeny, plays a central role in parasite transmission between migratory and resident birds in breeding grounds.
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Barta, Zoltán, John M. McNamara, Alasdair I. Houston, Thomas P. Weber, Anders Hedenström, and Orsolya Feró. "Optimal moult strategies in migratory birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1490 (2007): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2136.
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Avian migration, which involves billions of birds flying vast distances, is known to influence all aspects of avian life. Here we investigate how birds fit moult into an annual cycle determined by the need to migrate. Large variation exists in moulting patterns in relation to migration: for instance, moult can occur after breeding in the summer or after arrival in the wintering quarters. Here we use an optimal annual routine model to investigate why this variation exists. The modelled bird's decisions depend on the time of year, its energy reserves, breeding status, experience, flight feather quality and location. Our results suggest that the temporal and spatial variations in food are an important influence on a migratory bird's annual cycle. Summer moult occurs when food has a high peak on the breeding site in the summer, but it is less seasonal elsewhere. Winter moult occurs if there is a short period of high food availability in summer and a strong winter peak at different locations (i.e. the food is very seasonal but in opposite phase on these areas). This finding might explain why only long-distance migrants have a winter moult.
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Molin, Ylva, Mats Lindeborg, Fredrik Nyström, et al. "Migratory birds, ticks, andBartonella." Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 1, no. 1 (2011): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/iee.v1i0.5997.
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Bairlein, F. "Migratory birds under threat." Science 354, no. 6312 (2016): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6647.
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Banda, H. M. "Migratory Birds in Malawi." Ostrich 71, no. 1-2 (2000): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639906.
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Mei, Xinyue. "Effect of Climate Change and Loss of Habitat on Migratory Birds." Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences 3 (November 26, 2024): 288–93. https://doi.org/10.62051/z05p0q25.
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Climate change and habitat loss have influenced many species of organisms globally. Migratory birds are one of the most responsive animals towards climate change and habitat disruption, many species of migratory birds have a rapid decline in population in recent years because of these two factors. The aim of this article is to conclude information among the data available to achieve a better understanding of the challenges faced by migratory birds under the situation of climate change and suggest ways of preserving these species of migratory birds. This paper is mainly focused on the effects on migratory birds, especially from a perspective of a decline in population, caused by climate change and habitat loss caused by both natural and human factors. Causes such as frequent forest fires and early, warm springs are discussed in this paper. The effect on migratory birds by warm springs is causing a mismatch between food availability and breeding peak, causing inefficient breeding in many species of migratory birds, while the habitat loss caused by increasing forest fires is causing a decline in the population of migratory birds by not only decreasing their efficiency in breeding but also forced them to migrate to a less optimum habitat for reproduction.
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Pacheco-Muñoz, Rodrigo, Adrián Ceja-Madrigal, and Jorge E. Schondube. "Migratory birds benefit from urban environments in a highly anthropized Neotropical region." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0311290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311290.
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Land use change from wildlands to urban and productive environments can dramatically transform ecosystem structure and processes. Despite their structural and functional differences from wildlands, human-modified environments offer unique habitat elements for wildlife. In this study, we examined how migratory birds use urban, productive, and wildland environments of a highly anthropized region of Western Mexico known as “El Bajío”. We used Generalized Linear Models to compare species richness, abundance, and the functional traits of migratory bird assemblages among these three environments. Results revealed differences in species richness, composition, and the functional traits of migratory birds among environments. Regardless of wildlands showing medium to high levels of human disturbance, they presented the highest species richness and abundance of migratory birds, with urban environments presenting the lowest values. Insectivorous and granivorous birds were dominant in the migratory bird assemblages of the three environments. The migratory bird assemblages of productive environments had more grassland granivorous birds. In contrast, insectivorous birds with dense habitat preferences and short culmen lengths dominated the urban bird assemblage. Migratory bird assemblages in productive and urban environments showed similar species richness and abundance of insectivorous birds, but they differ in their composition. Our results reveal that urban trees allowed cities to function as simplified forests, showing that the urban environment has the untapped potential to support complex assemblages of migratory birds. To promote migratory birds in human-modified landscapes, we must maintain complex vegetation areas that allow birds with diverse functional traits to overwinter in urban and productive environments.
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Dixit, A. S., R. Chetri, and N. S. Singh. "Utilization of biomolecules as fuel energy and their physiological mechanism during migration in birds- A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/1/mrn-1901.
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Migratory birds undergo physiological and behavioral changes to fuel their high energy demanding migratory flights. They increase their food intake as a part of the preparation for migration which results in increase in their body mass. Fat, carbohydrate and protein acquired from food are stored mainly in the adipose tissue (triglycerides), muscle and liver (glycogen) and body organs (protein) in migratory birds. These stored foods act as fuels to support birds’ migratory flights. Dietary carbohydrates and lipids not only provide energy for migration but also help in fattening as carbohydrates can be converted into fat and lipids which can be stored. Lipolysis of adipose-stored fats leads to the production of triglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol, which provide energy for migration. Fats are depleted after long migratory flights and replenished during refueling at the stopover sites. Being chemically reduced and hydrophobic in nature, fat releases more energy on oxidation as compared to carbohydrate and protein. Due to its high energy-yielding nature, the fat is the preferred fuel to support migration in birds. Migratory birds deposit fat and deplete it during the course of migration. Though, the stored fat acts as the primary source of energy, metabolism of body protein also provides energy for migratory flights. Uric acid in plasma is elevated when protein is catabolized. The metabolism of carbohydrate, stored as glycogen in liver and muscle in migratory birds, produces glucose which also fuels migration. Glucose in migratory birds is maintained at stable levels in plasma and it provides energy only for a flight of short period. Further, catabolism of carbohydrate and protein results in release of metabolic water which helps the migratory birds to maintain their water balance during long dehydrating flight conditions. Different levels of plasma metabolites in migratory birds act as significant indicators of their physiological and metabolic state. Plasma metabolites also give an idea of feeding, fasting and refueling during migration in birds. The available information is scanty and fragmented about how birds meet their migratory requirements and overcome the physiological challenges encountered during migration. The present review article, therefore, focuses on the biomolecules and their plasma biochemistry during migration in birds.
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Churchman, Emma, and Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton. "Leptin administration does not influence migratory behaviour in white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)." PeerJ 10 (June 15, 2022): e13584. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13584.
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Migratory flights by birds are among the most energetically demanding forms of animal movement, and are primarily fueled by fat as an energy source. Leptin is a critical fat-regulation hormone associated with energy balance in non-avian species but its function in birds is highly controversial. Prior research indicated the effects of leptin differed between birds in migratory condition or not, but no research has assessed the effect of leptin on migratory behaviour itself. In this study, our objective was to determine if leptin affects migratory restlessness and fat deposition in migratory songbirds. We used photoperiod manipulation to induce spring migratory condition, and measured migratory restlessness in leptin-injected and saline-injected white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis). Leptin treatment had no effect on migratory restlessness nor fat deposition, providing evidence that leptin does not influence avian migratory motivation or behaviour. Our results also further support the idea that birds in a hyperphagic migratory condition may be insensitive to leptin.
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Naeem, M. "Understanding the Effect of Climate Change on Migratory Birds: A Review." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 7, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000560.
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Climate change is being referred to as a global plague and has significant negative consequences on the world’s economic, social, and ecological systems. Extreme weather consequences like drought, floods, and heat waves have had unprecedented occurrences and have had substantial effects on animals and plants. Climate change significantly influences animal phenologies, such as bird arrival and egg-laying times. As a result of these present and future climate change impacts, species interactions with their local environment are anticipated to change, resulting in changes in population size, range extent, and extinction rates. The current review discusses the effect of climate changes on migratory birds and concludes that climate change is one of the most serious dangers to world ecological systems, as indicated by the numerous ecological impacts imposed by changing climate on migratory birds. Climate change significantly affects breeding strategies, migration, distribution, latitudinal or altitudinal shift, community structure change, morphological change, and elimination or extinction of migratory birds. The current review attempts to communicate research and advances in the effect of climate change on migratory birds to different actors in society, including researchers, conservationists, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Rolland, Jonathan, Frédéric Jiguet, Knud Andreas Jønsson, Fabien L. Condamine, and Hélène Morlon. "Settling down of seasonal migrants promotes bird diversification." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1784 (2014): 20140473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0473.
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How seasonal migration originated and impacted diversification in birds remains largely unknown. Although migratory behaviour is likely to affect bird diversification, previous studies have not detected any effect. Here, we infer ancestral migratory behaviour and the effect of seasonal migration on speciation and extinction dynamics using a complete bird tree of life. Our analyses infer that sedentary behaviour is ancestral, and that migratory behaviour evolved independently multiple times during the evolutionary history of birds. Speciation of a sedentary species into two sedentary daughter species is more frequent than speciation of a migratory species into two migratory daughter species. However, migratory species often diversify by generating a sedentary daughter species in addition to the ancestral migratory one. This leads to an overall higher migratory speciation rate. Migratory species also experience lower extinction rates. Hence, although migratory species represent a minority (18.5%) of all extant birds, they have a higher net diversification rate than sedentary species. These results suggest that the evolution of seasonal migration in birds has facilitated diversification through the divergence of migratory subpopulations that become sedentary, and illustrate asymmetrical diversification as a mechanism by which diversification rates are decoupled from species richness.
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Caesar, Deepika D., Aditya Mishra, Jyotsana shakkarpude, et al. "Migratory birds’ physiology: A review." Pharma Innovation 10, no. 4S (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i4sa.5956.
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Delhey, Kaspar, James Dale, Mihai Valcu, and Bart Kempenaers. "Migratory birds are lighter coloured." Current Biology 31, no. 23 (2021): R1511—R1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.048.
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Rohrman, Douglass F. "The saga of migratory birds." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6, no. 9 (2008): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295-6.9.507.
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Fergus, R. "Migratory Birds and Avian Flu." Science 312, no. 5775 (2006): 845c—846c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5775.845c.
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Usman, M., and M. Farooq. "Migratory birds need coordinated protection." Science 351, no. 6276 (2016): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.351.6276.926-b.
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Gunnarsson, T. G., J. A. Gill, T. Sigurbjörnsson, and W. J. Sutherland. "Arrival synchrony in migratory birds." Nature 431, no. 7009 (2004): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/431646a.
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Diehl, Robert H., Ronald P. Larkin, and John E. Black. "Radar Observations of Bird Migration Over The Great Lakes." Auk 120, no. 2 (2003): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.2.278.
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Abstract The Great Lakes and nearby agricultural midwestern United States together represent a geographical challenge to migratory land birds during flight and stopover. We explored large-scale migratory responses of land birds encountering the Great Lakes as revealed by weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) and two smaller specialized radars. Those responses reveal comprehensive landscape- or regional-scale migratory patterns that would otherwise have been difficult to infer. Analysis of radar echoes showed birds crossed the Great Lakes in large numbers, although we also found evidence of birds avoiding lake crossing in some locations. Around dawn, birds over water in numerous locations frequently exhibited an increase in migratory height (dawn ascent) and often an accompanying reorientation toward nearest land if they were within ∼28 km of shore. Those behavioral responses to the Great Lakes influence the resulting distribution of birds stopping over in the intervening terrestrial landscapes.
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Somenzari, Marina, Priscilla Prudente do Amaral, Victor R. Cueto, et al. "An overview of migratory birds in Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (February 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03.
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We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.
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Burger, Joanna, and Michael Gochfeld. "Human Distance and Birds: Tolerance and Response Distances of Resident and Migrant Species in India." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 2 (1991): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021743.
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In this report we describe a method of examining the tolerance of birds to humans, namely by measuring the distance to which birds will allow a person to approach them before flying off (flush distance). We studied the tolerance of Indian birds to approaching people by recording the flush distance for 925 individuals of 138 species of residents (birds breeding in India) and migrants (birds that are not known to breed in India). Over 20% of the variance in flush distance was accounted for by the number of people situated within 50 m, the distance to the closest person, the bird's migratory status, the number of people approaching, the time of day, and the bird's total body-length (including tail).For migratory species, 43% of the variability in flush distance was accounted for by distance to the closest other person, time of day, number of people originally within 50 m, number of people approaching, flock size, and species size. For resident species, only 18% of the variance was accounted for by distance to the closest other person, number of people within 50 m, and number of people approaching. Migrants were thus more responsive to the effect of humans, and their response was also influenced by their own size (body length) and flock size. Migratory species were less tolerant of people, flushing sooner than residents, and being more sensitive to the number of approaching people.We suggest that resident birds in North India have become habituated to the non-violent protective behaviour of the Hindu people towards birds, whereas migrants from farther north are more wary. Alternatively migrants, being less familiar than residents with the local predators and hiding places, may be more wary than residents on their home territory. Enhanced wariness results in more time spent alert or fleeing, with resultant greater energy-demand and decreased time for feeding.
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Edegbene, A. O. "Anthropogenic impacts on the composition and population density of migratory and resident birds of selected wetlands sectors in northern Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 17 (March 12, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v17i1.6.
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In recent times, there has been decrease in the number of migratory and resident birds in Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in Nigeria. This, no doubt, is a subject of concern to conservationist and the country at large. The effect of anthropogenic activities on the composition and population density of migratory and resident birds in Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, were undertaken for a period of two months. Point-count method was used in data collection in two sectors of the wetlands: Ox-Bow Lake and Marma Channel. Visual observation and interaction with the locals around the wetlands were used to assess the level of anthropogenic influences and scored on a scale of 0-5. Forty-five species of migratory and resident birds were recorded of which 25 were resident while 14 and 6 were migratory and Afro-migrant respectively. A total of 32,442 and 2,218 individual birds were recorded in Ox-Bow Lake and Marma Channel respectively. Garganey (Anas querquedula) was the highest recorded species during the survey and it was preponderant in Ox-Bow Lake. Garganey was also more densely populated (903.76 birds/hectares). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that washing/bathing and open defecation negatively affected the composition of Anas querquedula and Anas acuta. The study revealed Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands to be under threat. Therefore, appropriate enforcement of laws guiding migratory birds in Nigeria is hereby recommended.
 Keywords: Anthropogenic activities; bird population density; migratory birds; Garganey (Anas querquedula); Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands; Nigeria
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Liu, Qian, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, et al. "Identification and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia albertii in Migratory Birds from Poyang Lake, China." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010009.
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Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic foodborne enteropathogen leading to human gastroenteritis outbreaks. Although E. albertii has been isolated from birds which have been considered as the potential reservoirs of this bacterium, its prevalence in migratory birds has rarely been described. In this study, E. albertii in migratory birds from Poyang Lake was investigated and characterized using whole genome sequencing. Eighty-one fecal samples from nine species of migratory birds were collected and 24/81 (29.6%) tested PCR-positive for E. albertii-specific genes. A total of 47 isolates was recovered from 18 out of 24 PCR-positive samples. All isolates carried eae and cdtB genes. These isolates were classified into eight E. albertii O-genotypes (EAOgs) (including three novel EAOgs) and three E. albertii H-genotypes (EAHgs). Whole genome phylogeny separated migratory bird-derived isolates into different lineages, some isolates in this study were phylogenetically closely grouped with poultry-derived or patient-derived strains. Our findings showed that migratory birds may serve as an important reservoir for heterogeneous E. albertii, thereby acting as potential transmission vehicles of E. albertii to humans.
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Cormier, Renée L., Diana L. Humple, Thomas Gardali, and Nathaniel E. Seavy. "Migratory connectivity of Golden-crowned Sparrows from two wintering regions in California." Animal Migration 3, no. 1 (2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0005.
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AbstractKnowledge of migratory connectivity is critical to understanding the consequences of habitat loss and climate change on migratory species. We used light-level geolocators to determine breeding locations and migratory routes of wintering Golden-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) in two regions of California, USA. Eight out of 9 birds tagged at coastal-wintering sites in Marin County went to breeding sites along the Gulf Coast of Alaska, while 7 out of 8 inland-wintering birds in Placer County migrated to interior sites in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, Canada. Our estimate of the strength of migratory connectivity was relatively high (rm = 0.66). Coastal-wintering birds followed a coastal migration route while inland-wintering birds migrated inland. Coastalwintering birds migrated significantly farther than inland birds (3,624 km versus 2,442 km). Coastal birds traveled at a greater rate during spring migration (179 km/d) than did inland birds (118 km/d), but there was no statistical difference in the rate of fall migration (167 km/d and 111 km/d, respectively). Dates of arrival and departure, and duration of spring and fall migration, did not differ between groups, nor did return rates. Rates of return also did not differ between tagged and control birds. The distinct migration routes and breeding areas suggests that there may be more structuring in the migratory geography of the Golden-crowned Sparrow than in a simple panmictic population.
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Viana, Duarte S., Laura Gangoso, Willem Bouten, and Jordi Figuerola. "Overseas seed dispersal by migratory birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1822 (2016): 20152406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2406.
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Long-distance dispersal (LDD) promotes the colonization of isolated and remote habitats, and thus it has been proposed as a mechanism for explaining the distributions of many species. Birds are key LDD vectors for many sessile organisms such as plants, yet LDD beyond local and regional scales has never been directly observed nor quantified. By sampling birds caught while in migratory flight by GPS-tracked wild falcons, we show that migratory birds transport seeds over hundreds of kilometres and mediate dispersal from mainland to oceanic islands. Up to 1.2% of birds that reached a small island of the Canary Archipelago (Alegranza) during their migration from Europe to Sub-Saharan Africa carried seeds in their guts. The billions of birds making seasonal migrations each year may then transport millions of seeds. None of the plant species transported by the birds occurs in Alegranza and most do not occur on nearby Canary Islands, providing a direct example of the importance of environmental filters in hampering successful colonization by immigrant species. The constant propagule pressure generated by these LDD events might, nevertheless, explain the colonization of some islands. Hence, migratory birds can mediate rapid range expansion or shifts of many plant taxa and determine their distribution.
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Fluker, Shaun. "R v Syncrude Canada: A Clash of Bitumen and Birds." Alberta Law Review 49, no. 1 (2011): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr132.
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On 28 April 2008, approximately 1,600 migratory birds died when they landed on a tailings pond located on Syncrude Canada’s Aurora North tar sands mine along the Athabasca river north of Fort McMurray. The Aurora mine, along with others in this region, fall under the pathway for migratory birds flying to and from breeding grounds in the Peace Athabasca freshwater delta in Wood Buffalo National Park. Weather or fatigue will influence migratory birds to rest along their route and a tailings pond located under the flyway is an attractive resting spot, particularly in early spring as the warm bitumen froth in the pond keeps its surface free of ice and snow. Unsuspecting birds who land on the pond risk being trapped in the sticky mat of toxic bitumen that floats on the surface before it sinks. The migratory birds who landed on the Aurora tailings pond that day were sentenced to certain death.
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Wilhelmsson, Peter, Malin Lager, Thomas G. T. Jaenson, Jonas Waldenström, Björn Olsen, and Per-Eric Lindgren. "Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ticks Blood-Feeding on Migratory Birds in Sweden." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (2024): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040735.
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Migratory birds play a dual role as potential reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens, and potential dispersers of pathogen-containing ticks during their migratory journeys. Ixodes ricinus, a prevalent tick species in Northern and Western Europe, serves as a primary vector for Anaplasma phagocytophilum—a bacterium with implications for human and animal health. There is limited information available regarding A. phagocytophilum in birds. Our investigation focused on A. phagocytophilum prevalence in ticks collected from migratory birds in southeastern Sweden. The identification of ticks involved both molecular analyses for species determination and morphological classification to ascertain the developmental stage. The presence of A. phagocytophilum was determined using real-time PCR. Of the 1115 ticks analyzed from 4601 birds, 0.9% (n = 10), including I. ricinus and Ixodes frontalis, tested positive for A. phagocytophilum. Notably, common blackbirds (Turdus merula) yielded the highest number of A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks. The findings suggest that A. phagocytophilum is present in a small proportion of ticks infesting migratory birds in southeastern Sweden. Consequently, the role of birds as hosts for ticks infected with A. phagocytophilum appears to be low, suggesting that birds seem to play a minor indirect role in the geographic dispersal of A. phagocytophilum.
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Yuan, Yue, Bing Liang, Bo-wen Jiang, et al. "Migratory wild birds carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli as potential transmitters of antimicrobial resistance in China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0261444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261444.
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Migratory birds play an important role in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To investigate the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli in migratory birds in China and potential relationships with the environment, a total of 1387 samples (fecal samples, cloacal swabs, or throat swabs) were collected from migratory birds from three different river basins in China. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examinations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the E-test for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Some antibiotic resistance genes were detected and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. In total, 478 (34.7%) E. coli isolates were recovered. The results showed that the drug-resistant E. coli isolates were highly resistant to β-lactams (43.7%) and tetracycline (22.6%), and 73 (15.3%) were MDR, including eight that were extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive. The retrieved strains harbored the blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, floR, and intI1 genes with a prevalence of 5.9%, 36.4%, 80.5%, 11.9%, 6.8%, 6.8%, 47.5%, 12.7%, 50.8%, 37.3%, and 61.0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of the isolates from southern China was higher than those from northern China. The E. coli samples collected for migratory birds in the Pearl River Basin had the highest proportion (46.7%) MDR isolates. Furthermore, MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds were closely related to the antibiotic content in the basin, which confirms that MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds are likely acquired from the environment. This study also confirmed that migratory birds are potential transmitters of MDR bacteria, demonstrating the need to reduce the use and emission of antibiotics and further in-depth studies on the mechanisms underlying drug resistance of bacteria.
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Arguedas, Nidia, and Patricia G. Parker. "Seasonal Migration and Genetic Population Structure in House Wrens." Condor 102, no. 3 (2000): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.3.517.
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Abstract Neotropical migrant birds have undergone significant changes in population size, due in part to alterations in the landscape in their breeding range. Some alterations have resulted in the isolation of areas containing optimal habitat for breeding. Isolation between habitat fragments could reduce gene flow between populations, which might result in loss of genetic variation due to genetic drift. To test whether isolation due to distance between populations may affect migratory birds as much as sedentary birds, we used four microsatellite loci as genetic markers to compare gene flow and population structure in migratory and sedentary House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon and T. musculus, respectively). If migratory behavior enhanced gene flow, we expected to find that populations of migratory birds were genetically more similar than populations of sedentary birds, and that gene flow declined more rapidly with distance in sedentary than in migratory populations. Blood samples were collected from 18–25 migratory House Wrens at each of six sites in Ohio separated by distances from 25 to over 300 km, and from 16–20 sedentary House Wrens at each of six sites in Costa Rica, also at distances up to 350 km. We used heterologous microsatellite primers to obtain estimates for RST (population subdivision) and Nm (number of immigrants per generation) in relation to distance between pairs of populations. In the migratory populations, Mantel permutational tests showed no effect of distance on RST or Nm at distances between 25 and 300 km. In the sedentary birds, RST increased and Nm decreased significantly as distance between populations increased from 25 to 300 km. FST values were not different from those obtained using Slatkin's (1995) RST statistics. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that migratory behavior enhances gene flow.
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Mishra, P. K. "Consevation of migratory and local birds of satpura hills of Madhya Pradesh (India)." Environment Conservation Journal 7, no. 3 (2006): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2006.070309.
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In the present study a survey of migratory and local birds of satpura hills were examined. During the course of study a total of twenty eight species of migratory birds belonging to twenty two families were noticed.
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Mueller, Thomas, Robert B. O’Hara, Sarah J. Converse, Richard P. Urbanek, and William F. Fagan. "Social Learning of Migratory Performance." Science 341, no. 6149 (2013): 999–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237139.
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Successful bird migration can depend on individual learning, social learning, and innate navigation programs. Using 8 years of data on migrating whooping cranes, we were able to partition genetic and socially learned aspects of migration. Specifically, we analyzed data from a reintroduced population wherein all birds were captive bred and artificially trained by ultralight aircraft on their first lifetime migration. For subsequent migrations, in which birds fly individually or in groups but without ultralight escort, we found evidence of long-term social learning, but no effect of genetic relatedness on migratory performance. Social learning from older birds reduced deviations from a straight-line path, with 7 years of experience yielding a 38% improvement in migratory accuracy.
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Gao, Boya, Johanna Hedlund, Don R. Reynolds, Baoping Zhai, Gao Hu, and Jason W. Chapman. "The 'migratory connectivity' concept, and its applicability to insect migrants." Movement Ecology 8, no. 1 (2020): 48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14815906.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Migratory connectivity describes the degree of linkage between different parts of an animal's migratory range due to the movement trajectories of individuals. High connectivity occurs when individuals from one particular part of the migratory range move almost exclusively to another localized part of the migratory range with little mixing with individuals from other regions. Conversely, low migratory connectivity describes the situation where individuals spread over a wide area during migration and experience a large degree of mixing with individuals from elsewhere. The migratory connectivity concept is frequently applied to vertebrate migrants (especially birds), and it is highly relevant to conservation and management of populations. However, it is rarely employed in the insect migration literature, largely because much less is known about the migration circuits of most migratory insects than is known about birds. In this review, we discuss the applicability of the migratory connectivity concept to longrange insect migrations. In contrast to birds, insect migration circuits typically comprise multigenerational movements of geographically unstructured (non-discrete) populations between broad latitudinal zones. Also, compared to the faster-flying birds, the lower degree of control over movement directions would also tend to reduce connectivity in many insect migrants. Nonetheless, after taking account of these differences, we argue that the migratory connectivity framework can still be applied to insects, and we go on to consider postulated levels of connectivity in some of the most intensively studied insect migrants. We conclude that a greater understanding of insect migratory connectivity would be of value for conserving threatened species and managing pests.
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McGuire, Liam P., and John M. Ratcliffe. "Light enough to travel: migratory bats have smaller brains, but not larger hippocampi, than sedentary species." Biology Letters 7, no. 2 (2010): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0744.
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Migratory bird species have smaller brains than non-migratory species. The behavioural flexibility/migratory precursor hypothesis suggests that sedentary birds have larger brains to allow the behavioural flexibility required in a seasonally variable habitat. The energy trade-off hypothesis proposes that brains are heavy, energetically expensive and therefore, incompatible with migration. Here, we compared relative brain, neocortex and hippocampus volume between migratory and sedentary bats at the species-level and using phylogenetically independent contrasts. We found that migratory bats had relatively smaller brains and neocortices than sedentary species. Our results support the energy trade-off hypothesis because bats do not exhibit the same degree of flexibility in diet selection as sedentary birds. Our results also suggest that bat brain size differences are subtler than those found in birds, perhaps owing to bats' shorter migration distances. Conversely, we found no difference in relative hippocampus volume between migratory and sedentary species, underscoring our limited understanding of the role of the hippocampus in bats.
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Hobson, Keith. "Cuba’s first motus tower for tracking migrant land birds." Open Access Government 41, no. 1 (2024): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-041-10785.
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Cuba’s first motus tower for tracking migrant land birds Keith Hobson, Professor and Research Scientist at Environment and Climate Change Canada and Western University, discusses updates in the expansion of tracking migratory birds in Central and South America, and the Caribbean. The conservation of migratory birds requires basic knowledge of connectivity between population-specific breeding, wintering, and stopover sites. This recognition has encouraged several government and NGO initiatives since many migratory species cross international borders during their annual travels. While the task is immensely difficult, an array of new tools is now available to track even small birds (~10g) using both intrinsic (e.g. stable isotope or genetic markers) and extrinsic (e.g. attached electronic devices) methods.
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Huttunen, Markku. "Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions." Ring 26, no. 1 (2004): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10050-008-056-4.
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Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions The autumn orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes at different periods around sunset were recorded in northern Italy using orientation cages and release experiments, mostly under overcast skies. The aim of the experiments was to examine the importance of timing and energetic condition for the orientation and relative migratory activity of Song Thrushes located close to the wintering area. The data demonstrate that the birds tested during sunset showed a mean orientation that coincided with the average sunset azimuth. The birds that were tested after sunset chose headings towards the south, significantly different from tests at sunset, showing oriented Zugunruhe in visually cueless situations. Lean migrants in funnel cages displayed relatively more activity than migrants with larger fat stores, but they also showed more scattered directional choices. A bird's energetic state did seem to affect the likelihood of undertaking night migration. Test birds with relatively small fat reserves at release were more likely to perform landing flights than birds with larger fat deposits. Although nocturnal passerine migrants generally show well-oriented responses only shortly after sunset, both cage and release experiments 1-2 h after sunset indicate that timing may not be critical for the initial orientation of Song Thrushes. However, cage tests performed before sunset resulted in more unclear responses by the test birds than tests performed after sunset.
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Goymann, Wolfgang, Sara Lupi, Hiroyuki Kaiya, Massimiliano Cardinale, and Leonida Fusani. "Ghrelin affects stopover decisions and food intake in a long-distance migrant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619565114.
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Billions of birds migrate long distances to either reach breeding areas or to spend the winter at more benign places. On migration, most passerines frequently stop over to rest and replenish their fuel reserves. To date, we know little regarding how they decide that they are ready to continue their journey. What physiological signals tell a bird’s brain that its fuel reserves are sufficient to resume migration? A network of hormones regulates food intake and body mass in vertebrates, including the recently discovered peptide hormone, ghrelin. Here, we show that ghrelin reflects body condition and influences migratory behavior of wild birds. We measured ghrelin levels of wild garden warblers (Sylvia borin) captured at a stopover site. Further, we manipulated blood concentrations of ghrelin to test its effects on food intake and migratory restlessness. We found that acylated ghrelin concentrations of garden warblers with larger fat scores were higher than those of birds without fat stores. Further, injections of unacylated ghrelin decreased food intake and increased migratory restlessness. These results represent experimental evidence that appetite-regulating hormones control migratory behavior. Our study lays a milestone in migration physiology because it provides the missing link between ecologically dependent factors such as condition and timing of migration. In addition, it offers insights in the regulation of the hormonal system controlling food intake and energy stores in vertebrates, whose disruption causes eating disorders and obesity.
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Choi, Chang-Yong, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Hyun-Young Nam, and Gi-Chang Bing. "Introduction of Non-Native Ticks Collected from Fresh Migratory Bird Carcasses on a Stopover Island in the Republic of Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 60, no. 1 (2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.57.
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When free-ranging birds are accidentally killed or die, there may be greater potential for their associated ticks to detach, seek alternate hosts, and become established. We examined 711 carcasses of 95 avian species for ticks at a stopover island of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea where only Ixodes nipponensis and I. persulcatus were previously reported from local mammals and vegetation. A total of 16 ticks, I. turdus and Haemaphysalis flava, were collected from 8 fresh carcasses belonging to 5 avian species. Despite their known abundance on migratory birds and mainland Korea, these species had not colonized the isolated insular ecosystem possibly due to the low abundance and diversity of local hosts. The results imply that increasing human impact, such as the anthropogenic mortality of migratory birds and the introduction of non-native mammalian hosts, will increase the potential invasion and colonization risk of ticks. This finding also suggests that tick surveillance consisting of fresh carcasses of dead migratory birds may provide additional information, often ignored in surveillance of ticks on live birds, for the potential introduction of non-native ticks and associated pathogens affecting animal and human health.
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Gupta, Rohtash Chand, and Tirshem Kumar Kaushik. "Determination of spectrum of winter migratory birds in Yamuna nagar district in Haryana (India)." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 3 (2010): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.110308.
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During the three years of study (2005-08), some 58 species of wetland birds were observed in approximately 120 village ponds; out of these, atleast 28 species of wetland birds are winter migratory, coming from far off places located across the Himalayas. During the winter sojourns, these winter migratory birds face multiple threats in rural ponds of Haryana due to cipher attention of conservation authorities and persistent and accelerated utilization of rural ponds by the resident villagers. If the present admixture of interference and disturbance continues, then winter migratory birds like Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus, Greylag Goose Anser anser, Common Coot Fulica atra, Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Common Teal Anas crecca, Gadwall Anas strepera, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Tufted Pochard Aythya fuligula, Brahminy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea and Red-crested Pochard Rhodonessa rufina will be wiped out just like Siberian Cranes arrived in Keoladeo National park in Rajasthan in India. The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India should pay timely attention to save migratory birds that visit India every winter in Lakhs and Crores.
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Ibrahim, Mustamin, Ilyas H. Husain, and Tutin Pratiwi Langaru. "Biodiversity of Migrant Birds in the Limboto Lake Region, Gorontalo Province." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 3 (2023): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5246.
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The bird population in Indonesia is rich in diversity, this is based on the number of bird populations and environmental conditions that are still maintained so as to allow the birds to live. This study aims to describe the types of migratory birds in Lake Limboto. The method used in this study is the count point method and with 4 observation points for 7 days on different days. The starting point of the observations is carried out alternately for each station so that there are variations in the observation time at each station. Overall, the classification of migratory birds in the Limboto Lake area is classified as moderate with an index carbon index value of 1.79. Migratory birds found in the Lake Limboto area are 9 species of migratory birds belonging to 7 families with a total of 706 individuals. The highest index value H'= 1.63 is at station 1, the diversity index value is moderate and the lowest hidden index H'= 0 is at station 4, the index value is relatively low.
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Tsvey, A. L. "Endocrine mechanisms controlling the migratory disposition in birds." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 327, no. 4 (2023): 683–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.4.683.
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On Earth, billions of birds make seasonal migrations every year. Some species fly thousands of kilometers, overcoming seas, mountains and deserts on their way. For migration to be successful, birds must have perfect mechanisms for controlling its beginning, duration and termination. On the way, birds have to make many decisions: how much in energy reserves to accumulate; when to depart, how long and in which direction to fly; how to select optimal weather conditions for flight; and, finally, when and where to terminate migration. Prior to migration, birds develop a migratory disposition – a suite of changes in physiology and behavior (e.g. migratory fattening and expression of nocturnal migratory activity) which are typical for this important life-history stage. Such physiological changes and migratory behavior are the subject of hormonal regulation. The central structure that controls activity of various hormonal systems and development of migratory disposition is the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The hypothalamus controls the secretion of regulatory hormones by the pituitary gland and these hormones, in turn, regulate the activity of downstream endocrine glands. It has been established that spring migratory disposition is triggered by an increasing photoperiod, which stimulates the production of testosterone, prolactin and modulates the signaling of thyroid hormones. In contrast, it is practically unknown how autumn migratory disposition develops when the photoperiod decreases and does not stimulate release of the abovementioned hormones. While in migratory disposition, the endocrine control of behavior on the smaller temporal scales (for example, the level of fuel accumulation, or decision to depart from a migratory stopover) is associated with the combined action of melatonin, corticosterone, insulin, glucagon, adipokines, and other hormones and neurotransmitters. In this review, I will describe the role of these hormones in the control of migratory traits, highlight the existing inconsistencies, and present possible ways to progress in this area of research. A knowledge of endocrine regulation of migratory behavior will help to predict the limits of species adaptability, explain current population trends, and inform conservation actions, which is especially important in the light of modern climate change and anthropogenic transformation of landscapes.
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Bora, Siddhartha Suman, Lakhijyoti Saikia, Jyotimoiee Hatiboruah, and Partha Pratim Bora. "Assessment of Migratory Bird Diversity in Key Wetlands and Forest Reserves of Lakhimpur District, Assam, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 19 (2024): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i194525.
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Lakhimpur district of Assam has a rich biodiversity and is home to many birds and has good breeding, resting and feeding grounds for migratory birds as well. However, there is little information available regarding the diversity of migratory birds in the district's various locales. A study was conducted in different locations to document the diversity of migratory birds visiting the district. To better understand the diversity of migrating birds in the district, six locations were selected- Kakoi RF, Ranga RF, Pabha RF, Satajan wetland, Bordoibam-Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary and Ghagor Ghat. Data were gathered through surveys, conducted for 218 days from January 2022 – May 2024. A total of 80 migratory bird species were recorded under 26 families of which Anatidae was most diverse. Out of the 80 species, 56 were winter visitor, 18 were local migrants and 6 were summer visitors. Among the migratory birds, Palla’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) is listed as endangered species in IUCN Red List. Three species viz. Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca), Falcated duck (Mareca falcata) and Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) are listed as near threatened species in IUCN Red List. Out of all the recorded species, insectivorous species are found to be highest (39%) as compared to species with other feeding habits. The Shannon diversity index was highest for Satajan wetland (H′ = 3.86) and lowest for Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS (H′ = 2.79). Jaccard similarity index showed highest similarity between Ranga RF and Kakoi RF (0.312) and the lowest value between Ranga RF and Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS (0.069). The Satajan wetland, Ranga RF, Kakoi RF, Pabha RF, Bordoibam-Bilmukh BS, and Ghagor Ghat are vital habitats that require conservation to continue supporting diverse resident and migratory birds, as well as other wildlife.
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Bhattacharya, Piyal. "Transfer of heavy metals from lake water to biota: a potential threat to migratory birds of Mathura lake, West Bengal, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 1 (December 30, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2015.v01.001.
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The present study was conducted in the Mathura oxbow lake, West Bengal, India to assess the severity in transferring harmful heavy metals from lake water to its biota. Plenty of common and seasonal migratory birds are dependent on this lake for their food and nesting. The results of current investigation right away threaten the living and survival of lake biota including the migratory birds. The lake water was found to be highly polluted with cadmium (0.001–0.003 mg/l) and chromium (0.01–0.05 mg/l), and moderately polluted with zinc (0.06–0.08 mg/l) and coliform load (2×104 cfu/ml). The studied plant and fish samples of the lake were detected to bioaccumulate heavy metals viz. cadmium and zinc far exceeding the recommended toxicity threshold levels. From contaminated fishes these toxic metals may ultimately transmit and be biomagnified in birds, and thus may endanger the entire migratory bird population. Keywords: Heavy metal, lake pollution, Mathura Lake, migratory birds.
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Runge, Michael C., John R. Sauer, Michael L. Avery, Bradley F. Blackwell, and Mark D. Koneff. "Assessing Allowable Take of Migratory Birds." Journal of Wildlife Management 73, no. 4 (2009): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-090.
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Rappole, J. H., and Z. Hubálek. "Migratory birds and West Nile virus." Journal of Applied Microbiology 94 (April 8, 2003): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.94.s1.6.x.
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Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink, J. "Can Europe's migratory birds be saved?" Science 354, no. 6312 (2016): 593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.354.6312.593-o.
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Tieleman, B. I. "MIGRATORY BIRDS CAN USE A DRINK." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 15 (2004): vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01083.
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Alekseev, A. N., and H. V. Dubinina. "Ehrlichiosis, Ixodes ticks and migratory birds." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 291 (June 2002): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1438-4221(02)80044-3.
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Goss-Custard, J. D., R. A. Stillman, A. D. West, R. W. G. Caldow, and S. McGrorty. "Carrying capacity in overwintering migratory birds." Biological Conservation 105, no. 1 (2002): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00175-6.
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