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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory capital'
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1
Mohan, R. "Reflections on Migratory Discourses in the Age of Transnational Capital." positions: east asia cultures critique 3, no. 2 (1995): 644–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-3-2-644.
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Austin, Jane E., and Leigh H. Fredrickson. "Molt of Female Lesser Scaup Immediately Following Breeding." Auk 103, no. 2 (1986): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.2.293.
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Abstract The chronology, pattern, and intensity of the molt following breeding in female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) were studied from July through October 1981-1982 and in July 1984 in southwestern Manitoba. Nonbreeding females or females that were unsuccessful breeders began molt in mid-July, but females with broods delayed molt until August. The molt-intensity index was greatest during the flightless and postflightless periods. Molt persisted at low levels through the fall migratory period. Molt scores were most variable in the preflightless period. Molting began on the head, neck, and side and progressed to the belly, upper back, and chest; the lower back was the last area to molt. Feather replacement was most rapid in the wing and capital regions. The capital region and tail were the last areas in which molt was completed in fall-migratory scaup. Molt in postbreeding females probably is influenced by the length, timing, and success of breeding efforts. Individual and geographic differences in breeding chronology, habitat conditions, and postbreeding movements may contribute to variations in molt within a population of migratory scaup.
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Glorius, Birgit. "Transnational Social Capital in Migration: The example of Educational Migration between Bulgaria and Germany." Social Inclusion 7, no. 4 (2019): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2390.
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Focusing on student migration from Bulgaria to Germany, this article examines what types of social capital are accumulated, transformed and implemented through migration, who profits from the investment, and how. The empirical work consists of 60 narrative biographical interviews with migrants and returnees to Bulgaria. The research reveals that the accumulation and investment of social capital takes place throughout the migratory trajectory—starting well before leaving—and is embedded in a transnational social space. Transnational networks exist as family, peer and professional networks, and all of them have a specific meaning for the migrants. Family networks are naturally present; they provide bonding social capital and thus have a stabilizing function for the individual’s identity. Professional networks have a strongly bridging function, helping the young migrants to manage status transitions. After return the transnational social capital acquired during the migratory stay helps returnees to re-integrate and find their way into the Bulgarian labour market. It also encourages them to pursue activities which are meaningful for civil society development, or for innovative (social) entrepreneurship. Thus, transnational social capital helps migrants to align their biographical development to the future, considering the post-transformative environment of Bulgaria, thereby helping to manage transformative changes and supporting societal modernization processes.
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Angulo, Mónica Ibáñez. "Referential and vehicular languages in the process of migrant integration." BORDER CROSSING 7, no. 2 (2017): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v7i2.466.
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In this article I examined the strategies developed by Bulgarian immigrants living in Spain in order to promote the learning of Bulgarian language and culture among their children. Starting from the incorporated cultural capital brought by immigrants in the form of habitus (Bulgarian language and culture), I analyse how this devaluated cultural capital in the migratory context is effectively reconverted in other forms of cultural capital (objectified and institutionalized) through the development of non-formal and formal courses on Bulgarian language and culture. In this analysis I show the articulation between, on the one hand, the contexts where these informal, non-formal and formal courses take place and, on the other hand, the reconversion of different forms of social and cultural capital: the initial bonding social capital between family members and close group of compatriots is effectively reconverted into bridging and linking social capital as the organization of these courses requires and contributes to the diversification of social networks. The analysis has also a gender dimension given that in most cases, and certainly in the case of Burgos, women are the main social actors and makers of these strategies. The main objective of the article is to show the relevance of social interaction and social networks in the development of reconversion strategies of different forms of social and cultural capital. In addition, the article also expects to raise more awareness towards the relevance of mother-tongue learning in the migratory context.
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Grabowska, Izabela. "Migracje międzynarodowe i teoria Bourdieu." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 59, no. 4 (2015): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2015.59.4.7.
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The author considers Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual formula where [(habitus) (capital)] + field = practice and brings it to the field of international migration. She proves that a complete, cohesive application of Bourdieu’s theory in migration studies has much greater heuristic potential than the use of isolated individual concepts—it enables a new view of the social world where international migration constitutes an inherent part. It aims at explaining such phenomena as transnational habitus, forms of capital in migration process, migratory field, and transnational practices.
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Hosnedlová, Renáta, Ignacio Fradejas‐García, Miranda J. Lubbers, and José Luis Molina. "Structural Embeddedness in Transnational Social Fields: Personal Networks, International (Im)Mobilities, and the Migratory Capital Paradox." Social Inclusion 9, no. 4 (2021): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4568.
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In this article we focus on individuals’ structural embeddedness in transnational social fields (TSFs) and examine how this is related to patterns of international mobility. The main argument is that the structure of TSFs matters for (im)mobility trajectories, and thus all actors (migrants, non‐migrants, and returnees) need to be examined as a whole to obtain a deeper understanding of the role of social networks in processes of transnational mobility. Taking the case of Romanian migrants in Spain as a TSF connecting their place of origin (Dâmbovița in Romania) with their destination (Castelló in Spain), we analyze survey data for 303 migrants, non‐migrants, and returnees, sampled through an RDS‐like binational link‐tracing design. We then categorize types of personal network using an international mobility scale to assess the degree of structural embeddedness in the TSF. An important contribution is the rigorous operationalization of TSF and assessment of the level of migratory capital of each individual. Our results reveal that migratory capital is not always linked positively with high mobility patterns and that its role is strongly related to the overall composition and structure of the TSF.
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Kalter, Frank, and Gisela Will. "Social Capital in Polish-German Migration Decision-Making." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 666, no. 1 (2016): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716216643506.
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In this article we use a combination of retrospective and prospective data from the Polish Migration Project to examine the effect of social capital on the likelihood of migrating to Germany. We derive hypotheses from social capital theory about how personal connections to people with migratory experience affect the probability of migration, and we specify models to be estimated using both the retrospective and prospective data. Estimates of retrospective event history models confirm prior findings about social capital’s influence on migration decisions, and these findings are also generally confirmed using prospective data, even when potentially confounding variables are controlled. The prospective data also enable estimation of a two-stage decision model in which people first come to consider migration as an option and then rationally consider whether to depart. The estimates suggest that weak social ties are especially influential in predicting whether migration is considered, while strong ties are important in the decision to move.
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Langin, K. M., D. R. Norris, T. K. Kyser, P. P. Marra, and L. M. Ratcliffe. "Capital versus income breeding in a migratory passerine bird: evidence from stable-carbon isotopes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (2006): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-080.
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Birds meet the energetic demands of egg formation by using either endogenous reserves (capital breeding) or recently ingested nutrients (income breeding). Examining these strategies in migratory birds has been difficult because of the inability to assign the origin of egg nutrients. We used stable-carbon isotopes (δ13C values) to determine whether American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla (L., 1758)) form eggs using endogenous reserves acquired on tropical wintering areas or local dietary sources. Redstart diet tends to be enriched in 13C on tropical wintering areas; therefore, we predicted that if endogenous reserves are used to form eggs, then 13C would be enriched in first clutches relative to replacement clutches. We analyzed yolk (δ13CYK) samples from successive first, second, and third clutches and blood plasma (δ13CPL) sampled from females over the same time period. Values of δ13CYK in first-clutch and second-clutch eggs were significantly more positive than those in third-clutch eggs. Although the isotopic shift in yolk was in the direction predicted for a mixed capital–income strategy, δ13CPL, which represents the locally derived diet, varied seasonally in accordance with the shift in δ13CYK. Our findings indicate female Redstarts are primarily income breeders, forming eggs from an isotopically variable diet during the breeding season.
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Santiago, Carlos E. "The Migratory Impact of Minimum Wage Legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970–1987." International Migration Review 27, no. 4 (1993): 772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700403.
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Minimum wage research has historically focused on labor mobility between covered and uncovered labor markets within a geographic area. This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970–1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living.
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McNeely, Natasha Altema, Elizabeth Maltby, and Rene R. Rocha. "How the Link Between Social Capital and Migratory Duration Helps Us Understand Immigrant–Native Inequality*." Social Science Quarterly 100, no. 3 (2018): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12552.
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Hernández Flores, José Álvaro, and Susana Rappo. "Estrategias reproductivas y formación de capital social en contextos migratorios y periurbanos. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu / Reproductive strategies and social capital formation in migration and peri-urban contexts. An analysis from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, no. 3 (2016): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i3.10.
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El presente artículo toma como referencia la noción de capital social, desarrollada por Pierre Bourdieu, para examinar el papel que desempeñan las prácticas sociales orientadas a la formación de capital social en la conformación de las estrategias reproductivas de los grupos domésticos que habitan en contextos migratorios y periurbanos. A partir de los estudios de caso expuestos se analizan las principales instancias de acumulación de capital social, sus principios de activación, y sus repercusiones sobre los ámbitos familiar y comunitario, así como los cambios acaecidos a partir de los procesos de conurbación y la intensificación del fenómeno migratorio.AbstractThis article draws on the notion of social capital, developed by Pierre Bourdieu, to examine the role of social practices designed to build social capital in shaping the reproductive strategies of domestic groups living in migration and peri-urban contexts.The case studies described are used to analyze the main forms of accumulating social capital, their principles of activation, and their impact on the family and community spheres, as well as changes that have taken place as a result of the conurbation process and the intensification of the migratory phenomenon.
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Souza, Bruno Augusto de, and Marcelo de Mello. "BRASÍLIA, LUZIÂNIA E AS REPERCUSSÕES TERRITORIAIS DE UMA METROPOLIZAÇÃO (IN)DESEJADA." Revista Cerrados 15, no. 02 (2020): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n22017p129a144.
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O processo de transferência da capital federal do Rio de Janeiro para Brasília promoveu um expressivo fluxo migratório no território goiano. Os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) indicam que processos migratórios centrados na capital da república ainda repercutem no crescimento populacional de municípios goianos localizados no entorno do Distrito Federal. Entre os municípios goianos afetados pela construção de Brasília, Luziânia aparece de maneira destacada, pois perdeu parte de seu território para a construção de Brasília e, posteriormente, foi fragmentado para a criação de outros cinco municípios. A proximidade com Brasília fez com que conjuntos habitacionais fossem construídos em Luziânia para arrefecer a pressão por moradia no interior do Distrito Federal. Os Conjuntos Habitacionais, por sua vez, originaram três dos cinco municípios criados por meio do parcelamento do território de Luziânia e são fundamentais para o entendimento de um processo de metropolização centrado em Brasília. Este contexto marcado por fragmentações territoriais e por expressivos movimentos migratórios promoveu a elaboração de um conceito jurídico desenvolvido para possibilitar a gestão de processos de metropolização que envolvem municípios de mais de uma Unidade Federativa. Esta figura jurídica é a Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento.
 Palavras-chave: Cidade; Fragmentação territorial; Metropolização.
 
 BRASILIA, LUZIANIA AND REPERCUSSIONS OF A TERRITORIAL METROPOLIZATION (UN)DESIRED
 Abstract
 The process of transferring the federal capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia promoted a significant migratory flow in the territory of Goiás. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicate that migratory processes centered on the capital of the republic still have repercussions on the population growth of municipalities located in the vicinity of the Federal District. Among the municipalities affected by the construction of Brasilia, Luziânia appears prominently, since it lost part of its territory for the construction of Brasília and was later fragmented to create five other municipalities. The proximity to Brasília caused housing projects to be built in Luziânia to cool down the pressure for housing in the interior of the Federal District. The Housing Sets, in turn, originated three of the five municipalities created by means of the subdivision of the territory of Luziânia and are fundamental for the understanding of a process of metropolization centered in Brasília. This context marked by territorial fragmentation and by expressive migratory movements promoted the elaboration of a legal concept developed to enable the management of processes of metropolization that involve municipalities of more than one Federative Unit. This legal figure is the Integrated Development Region.
 Keywords: City; Territorial fragmentation; Metropolization.
 
 BRASILIA, LUZIANIA Y REPERCUSIONES TERRITORIALES DE UN METROPOLIZACIÓN (NO)DESEADO
 Resumen
 El proceso de transferencia de la capital federal de Río de Janeiro a Brasilia promovió un expresivo flujo migratorio en el territorio goiano. Los datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) indican que procesos migratorios centrados en la capital de la república aún repercuten en el crecimiento poblacional de municipios goianos ubicados en el entorno del Distrito Federal. Entre los municipios goianos afectados por la construcción de Brasilia, Luziânia aparece de manera destacada, pues perdió parte de su territorio para la construcción de Brasilia y posteriormente fue fragmentado para la creación de otros cinco municipios. La proximidad con Brasilia hizo que conjuntos habitacionales fueran construidos en Luziânia para enfriar la presión por vivienda en el interior del Distrito Federal. Los Conjuntos Habitacionales, a su vez, originaron tres de los cinco municipios creados por medio del parcelamiento del territorio de Luziânia y son fundamentales para el entendimiento de un proceso de metropolización centrado en Brasilia. Este contexto marcado por fragmentaciones territoriales y por expresivos movimientos migratorios promovió la elaboración de un concepto jurídico desarrollado para posibilitar la gestión de procesos de metropolización que involucran municipios de más de una Unidad Federativa. Esta figura jurídica es la Región Integrada de Desarrollo.
 Palabras clave: Ciudad; Fragmentación territorial; Metropolización.
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ROBINSON, ROBERT S. "Taking The Fair Deal to the Fields: Truman’s Commission on Migratory Labor, Public Law 78, and the Bracero Program, 1950–1952." Agricultural History 84, no. 3 (2010): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.3.381.
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Abstract From 1950 to 1952 Harry S Truman invested significant personal effort and political capital in an effort to improve the circumstances of migratory farm workers and to revise the Bracero Program with Mexico. To this end, Truman created the high profile President’s Commission on Migratory Labor in American agriculture in 1950. In its report, the commission recommended extending a variety of social legislation and economic protections to domestic farm labor, and it further recommended slowing or ending the importation of foreign, particularly Mexican, workers. The Truman administration energetically worked to convince Congress to act on those recommendations, even enlisting the support of the Mexican government. However, the power of growers’ interests and the conservative bloc in Congress halted any significant reform. Instead, the Bracero Program was further institutionalized in the form of Public Law 78 and remained in effect for more than a decade thereafter.
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Modesti, Camilla, Alessandra Talamo, Annamaria Recupero, and Giampaolo Nicolais. "Connections: The Use Social Associations With Migratory Background Make of ICT to Build Social Capital for Newcomers’ Social Integration." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 13 (2020): 1889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220952132.
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Psychological studies in the field of migration attest that social integration is enhanced by social capital. Communities of origin and the ones of resettlement play different role in the promotion of newcomers’ social integration. Nevertheless, researches highlighted that connections between migrants and resettlement communities are the hardest to be established. By reinforcing existing ties and generating new connections among communities, information and communication technologies (ICT) represent a resource for the creation of migrants’ social capital. The article presents two case studies addressing the use that a refugee- and a migrant-led association make of ICT to develop social capital aimed at fostering newcomers’ social integration. An ethnographic approach was adopted, and qualitative data have been collected. Results show that in the associations ICT are aimed at easing connections within migrants and between migrants and the resettlement community by directly fostering the establishment of social ties and by spreading positive narratives about migration. Through the empowerment of refugees and migrants, ICT emerge as tools that lay the foundations for the promotion of social cohesion.
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Gabriel, Leandro. "Thinking about ‘transcultural capital’ and ‘transnational artistic practices’ of migrant Portuguese visual artists." BORDER CROSSING 7, no. 2 (2017): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v7i2.467.
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This article is inspired by the idea of a transnational art world focused on migrants and the visual arts and it delivers a preliminary theoretical discussion. The article discusses the notion of ‘transcultural capital’ as a perspective within the study of contemporary migrations of artist. It also looks at the concept of ‘cultural scenes’ as places of significant cultural and artistic activities and amenities. Linked to these are ‘transnational artistic practices’ and the production of translocal geographies drawn by an overlap of the migratory destinations of artists and networks of places of creation, production and artistic dissemination which enhance different art markets. This article discusses the ways in which these different theories can contribute to our understanding of the mobility of cultural professionals and, in particular, of the emigration of Portuguese visual artists.
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Hagan, Jacqueline, Jean Luc Demonsant, and Sergio Chávez. "Identifying and Measuring the Lifelong Human Capital of “Unskilled” Migrants in the Mexico-US Migratory Circuit." Journal on Migration and Human Security 2, no. 2 (2014): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241400200202.
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Hagan, Jacqueline, Jean Luc Demonsant, and Sergio Chávez. "Identifying and Measuring the Lifelong Human Capital of “Unskilled” Migrants in the Mexico-US Migratory Circuit." Journal on Migration and Human Security 2, no. 2 (2014): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/jmhs.v2i2.26.
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Cadigan, Sean T. "Merchant Capital, the State, and Labour in a British Colony: Servant-Master Relations and Capital Accumulation in Newfoundland’s Northeast-Coast Fishery, 1775-1799." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, no. 1 (2006): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031026ar.
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Abstract This paper uses a case study of class struggle in the late-eighteenth-century Newfoundland fishery to examine the relationship between merchant capital and the employment of wage labour in staple production in early colonial development. Using a modified version of the staple model which emphasises the role of the class relations and institutional structures of staple industries on long-term development, it finds that British regulation of wages to protect the migratory fishery stymied the extensive employment of wage labour by resident planters. Evidence drawn from court records suggests that fishing servants used the law to prevent erosion of wages due from planters at the end of a fishing season by ignoring mandatory preseason contracts or account overcharges. Servants enjoyed less, but still formidable, success in winning suits brought about by masters for neglect. By using wage law beyond the intentions of its British makers, servants forced planters increasingly to rely on family labour rather than wage labour. The struggles of wage labourers with their employers, rather than merchant conservatism as such, contributed to Newfoundland's long-term domination by merchant truck with fishing families.
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Paspalanova, Mila, and Marc Swyngedouw. "Il concetto di capitale sociale puó spiegare l'immigrazione irregolare?" SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 1 (June 2012): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-001004.
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The present article has two goals. First, it aims to evaluate if and to what degree social networks understood in terms of social capital are responsible for the process of initiation and perpetuation of undocumented migration, more especially in the case of the migration of undocumented Polish and Bulgarian migrants to Brussels. Secondly, it addresses the assumptions of the social capital theory developed precisely to explain the persistence of undocumented migratory and to reveal to what degree this so widely and uncritically accepted theory is indeed capable of explaining the perpetuation of contemporary undocumented inter-European migration. Data source for present contribution is an empirical research on undocumented Polish and Bulgarian migrants to in the period January 2004/October 2005. Presented arguments for and against the social capital theory, point at significant limitations to explain the migration under scrutiny. Relevant reasons for the weakness of the social capital theory are explored. The article concludes that the post-1989 undocumented migrations from Poland and Bulgaria to Belgium can be better understood and explained if several interacting factors are taken into consideration. These include the supply and demand factors as formulated by the classical push-pull theories of migration and a number of non-economic factors.
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Eyal, Hillel. "Going Local and Global: Internal and Transatlantic Migration in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 2 (2021): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01697.
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Abstract Evidence from eighteenth-century marriage applications in Mexico City and Cadiz reveals that migration from Spain to the New World was primarily an extension of domestic movements from rural to urban areas, not the direct result of transatlantic networks. The migratory dynamism that pervaded Spanish society fueled Spain’s fledgling urbanization in the era of commercial capitalism, as peasants increasingly moved to towns and cities, especially to Cadiz. Many of these internal migrants subsequently used the social capital and other resources that they had accumulated in Cadiz and elsewhere on the Iberian Peninsula to facilitate migration to the New World.
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Smutchak, Z. "The social-political challenges of internal displacements in Ukraine." Herald of Kiev Institute of Business and Technology 47, no. 1 (2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2021.47.03.
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Migratory threats which are connected with mass internal inter-regional migrations, caused by the annexation of Crimea and military aggression in Donbas by Russia, have been disclosed in the article. The social-political and psychological threats of large-scale forced displacement are determined. Traditional migrations are mainly due to social-economic factors and the independent voluntary choice of participants in these processes regarding the intention to move, dictated by the freedom of choice of the person. Instead, forced displacements are caused by immediate threats to life and health. Analyzing the factors of migratory attraction, the cluster analysis was performed using the k-means method and using the STATISTICA program. The results of cluster analysis show that in large regions the level of IDP migratory activity is higher and the impact on the formation of demographic capital is more significant. It does not affect the number and composition of the population as a whole, but causes changes in its location, gender, and the age structure of the inhabitants of individual regions, is a consequence and an important factor of regional differences, directly related to industrialization and urbanization, rural depopulation. In terms of volume, internal migration significantly outperforms international migration. Measures for the proper formation and development of demographic potential at the macro level are proposed. Without proper regulation, forced displacement becomes a growing burden on host communities' ability to provide basic services, destroys civilian infrastructure and community cohesion, undermines public investment in reform, and creates insecurity, hopelessness, and despair among large populations that can easily become national and global risks.
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Silva, Marluce Souza e., Imar Domingos Queiróz, and Vera Ferreira. "Mundialização do capital e mobilidade humana: cenários, atores e políticas." Argumentum 8, no. 3 (2017): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18315/argumentum.v8i3.13270.
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Resumo: O movimento do capital em nada corresponde ao movimento das pessoas em busca de refúgio e/ou de oportunidades. O capital busca livremente por novos mercados capazes de absorver excedentes, desterritorializando a produção para países periféricos, flexibilizando direitos sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que governos cerceiam a liberdade e as oportunidades dos imigrantes. O artigo analisa a relação entre o desenvolvimento da economia capitalista e a mobilidade internacional da força de trabalho, tomando como referência dados estatísticos sobre imigração e as políticas imigratórias de alguns dos principais países receptores de imigrantes. A análise dos dados revela que no contexto da mundialização a adoção de políticas migratórias restritivas tem sido a tônica tanto nos países centrais como nos países periféricos.Palavras-chave: Mundialização. Capital. Migração. Políticas Imigratórias. Mundialization of capital and human mobility: scenarios, characters and politics Abstract: The capital’s movement in nothing corresponds to the movement of people in search of refuge and or opportunities. The capital freely searches for new markets able to consume surplus, deterritorialization of the production to peripheral countries increasing consumer markets, especially through financial credits, loosening social rights, while the governments limit freedom and opportunities of immigrants. The article analyzes the relation between development of the capitalist economy and workforce’s international mobility, taking as reference statistic datas about immigration. Data’s analysis shows that in the mundialization context the adoption of restrictive migratory politics has been the theme both in central countries as well as in peripherical countries.Key words: Mundialization. Capital. Migration. Immigration politics.
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Sіrenko, Kristina Yuriivna, Ganna Mykolayivna Chepurda, and Igor Volodymyrovych Bezugliy. "ECONOMIC SUFFICIENCY HOUSEHOLD AS THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(14) (2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-1-2(14)-203-209.
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Urgency of the research. Taking into account the growth of the economic independence of households, the issues of forming their economic sufficiency, backgrounds for the accumulation of human capital, as the preconditions for the accumulation of human capital, becomes relevant. Relating to this, the most important task for households was the accumulation, use and reproduction of their human capital. Target setting. In modern conditions insufficient attention is paid to the question of the accumulation of human capital of households, which is why it is necessary to direct scientific research into the search for effective methods and mechanisms for its further growth. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Significant contributions to the development of the households theory were made by representatives of various trends of economic and financial science, in particular G. Becker, J. M. Keynes, F. Quesnay, T. Maltus and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Investigation of economic adequacy of households, in the context of the analysis of the volume and structure of their human capital. The research objective. Evaluate and analyze the economic sufficiency of households as a prerequisite for the accumulation of human capital. The statement of basic materials. The article investigates the economic sufficiency of households in the context of the main indicators of the living standard of the population; opportunities for free consumption of tangible and intangible goods; the ability to maintain and maintain a sufficient level of health; ensuring an adequate level of purchasing power; the ability to withstand the migratory movement of the population. Conclusions. As a result of the study of the households’ economic sufficiency, their main characteristics have been identified, which have a certain impact on the character and quality of the accumulation process of human capital: demographic, social and financial and economic.
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Meza González, Liliana, Carla Pederzini, and Sarah Martínez Pellegrino. "El autoempleo como mecanismo de arraigo de la población en México; el caso de cuatro localidades / Self-Employment as an Attachment Mechanism for the Population in Mexico: the Case of Four Localities." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 21, no. 3 (2006): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v21i3.1242.
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Los datos generados por un levantamiento propio aplicado en cuatro localidades urbanas del país sirvieron como base para elaborar el presente trabajo, donde se sugiere que el autoempleo es un mecanismo útil para fomentar el arraigo de la población en su comunidad de origen; asimismo se muestra que el autoempleo en el sector manufacturero, particularmente el que requiere inversión en capital físico, es capaz de contrarrestar el poder de las redes sociales para expulsar a la población. La estimación econométrica se hace con variables instrumentales y en dos etapas, para así tomar en cuenta el problema de endogeneidad que puede generar la posible relación de dos vías entre la migración y el autoempleo. Los resultados sugieren que el apoyo gubernamental en el financiamiento de los micronegocios puede contribuir a disminuir el flujo migratorio de México hacia Estados Unidos. AbstractThe data yielded by a survey undertaken in four urban localities in Mexico served as the basis for this article, which suggests that self-employment is a useful mechanism for encouraging the population to remain in its community of origin. It also shows that self-employment in the manufacturing sector, particularly the kind requiring investment in physical capital, is able to counteract the power of social networks to expel the population. The econometric estimate is carried out using instrumental variables and in two stages, to take into account the problem of endogeny that may be caused by the possible two-way link between migration and self-employment. The results suggest that government support to finance micro-businesses may help stem the migratory flow to the United States.
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Joly, Kyle, and Matthew D. Cameron. "Early fall and late winter diets of migratory caribou in northwest Alaska." Rangifer 38, no. 1 (2018): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.38.1.4107.
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Lichens are the primary winter forage for large herds of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Caribou select for lichens more than they are available across the landscape and they generally avoid, during winter, habitat that has been burned by wildfires for decades while lichen abundance recovers. However, the relative importance of lichens in the diet is subject to debate. From 2010-2013, we conducted one of the largest microhistological studies of the early fall (58 samples from 1 site) and late winter (338 samples from 58 sites) diets of barren-ground caribou. Lichens constituted ~ 71% of the late winter diets of caribou in northwest Alaska, whereas moss (11%) and shrubs (9%) were the next most common forage items. Early fall diets were very similar to late winter, perhaps because deciduous vegetation is senescent during both periods. Diets of males, non-pregnant females and pregnant females were not significantly different. Pregnancy was not associated with the abundance of any forage type during winter but was associated with higher physiological stress. This result was expected as fall body condition dictates conception, caribou are ‘capital’ breeders, and gestation can be energetically demanding. Caribou that migrated south (i.e., wintered south of 67.1°N) had lower levels of nutritional stress, higher levels of lichen in the diet, and lower levels of moss and shrubs compared to caribou that did not migrate south. Future investigations into the potential connection between lichen abundance in the winter diet and survivorship, as well as linking the late summer diets of individuals to their reproductive success, should be undertaken.
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Drbohlav, Dušan. "Immigration and the Czech Republic (with a Special Focus on the Foreign Labor Force)." International Migration Review 37, no. 1 (2003): 194–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00134.x.
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This article presents an overview of international migration in the Czech Republic, with a special focus on labor immigration. Currently, the Czech Republic is an immigration and transit country. The most important immigratory segment — economic immigrants — create a colorful mosaic of various ethnicities (80% of them from Europe), each group with their own different economic strategy and niche. After sketching historical patterns and data problems, the focus is on the current situation of labor migrants in the country. A number of issues are addressed: e.g., the relationship between immigrant inflows and the economic situation of the country; immigrants’ regional concentration/deconcentration processes; the popularity of the capital city of Prague and western regions vis-a-vis eastern ones; and the different structural backgrounds of immigrants coming from the East versus the West. Special attention is placed on undocumented/illegal immigration, mainly in relation to the misuse and evasion of immigration legislation. Finally, the immature Czech migration policies and practices are discussed, as are needed policy improvements and the need for new immigration legislation. It is clear that the major trend over time leads to more restrictive migratory policies, in line with efforts to harmonize Czech migratory policies and practices with those of the European Union (EU).
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Mahajan, Rakesh Kumar, Shalini Duggal, Niraj kumar Biswas, Nandini Duggal, and Charoo Hans. "A finding of live Fasciolopsis buski in an ileostomy opening." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 06 (2010): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.235.
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A pair of live Fasciolopsis buski wriggled their way out through the ileostomy opening in a young adult male who had recently migrated to Delhi and had met with a road traffic accident. Finding this parasite in the national capital, a non endemic area for Fasciolopsiasis, prompted us to emphasize the importance of changes in the ecology, human demography, and human behaviour that may provide an environment conducive to their adaptability to the new geographical requirements. Awareness of Fasciolopsiasis, which is endemic in some regions of India, especially in rural settings, is an important issue because early diagnosis is essential. Hence, a surveillance mechanism among the migratory population to institute preventive interventions is necessary.
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Długosz, Mateusz, and Robert Szmytkie. "Migratory Outflow from Wrocław: Directions of Population Flows within the Framework of Internal Migration in the Period 2002–2018." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 2 (2021): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0014.
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Abstract In the majority of large cities in Poland there is a migration outflow, resulting mainly from suburbanisation processes. However, it should be noted that the inhabitants of large cities do not move exclusively to the suburban zone. The study below focuses on the migratory outflow of Wrocław residents. The authors characterise it by presenting the directions of population movements and determining their sustainability. The authors conclude that the target area of immigrants from Wrocław is mostly a suburban area, but there are also permanent migration flows to other rural communities in the voivodeship and other large cities in the country. The area of emigration itself goes beyond the scope of the voivodeship of which Wrocław is the capital.
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Lemme Ribeiro, Clara. "Apontamentos sobre experiências contemporâneas femininas de migrações e trabalho/Notes on feminine contemporary experiences of migration and work." Geografares, no. 28 (April 25, 2019): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo28.24393.
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A feminização das migrações foi compreendida, nos últimos anos, como uma das principais tendências do século XXI. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar tal processo, dando relevância para as conexões possíveis de serem estabelecidas com o conjunto da reprodução social. Para isso, consideramos as trajetórias de mulheres bolivianas que se inseriram em oficinas de costura na cidade de São Paulo. As experiências femininas de migração podem ser compreendidas como conteúdo concreto da crise contemporânea de reprodução do capital que se desdobra, simultaneamente, em crise do trabalho e da reprodução.Palavras-chave: feminização das migrações, crise do trabalho, migração boliviana. ABSTRACTOver the last years, the feminization of migrations has been considered one of the main social trends of the 21st century. The present paper investigates this process, underlining possible connections with social reproduction as a whole, through the analysis of Bolivian female migration trajectories. Feminine migratory experiences can be understood as a concrete content of the contemporary crisis of capital reproduction that simultaneously unfolds as a crisis of labor and reproduction.Keywords: feminization of migrations, labor crisis, Bolivian migration.
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Asylbayev, Aidar, Kunduzkul Niiazalieva, Natalia Brovko, and Malik Borbugulov. "Problems of residential migration in the framework of the formation of “smart agglomeration”." E3S Web of Conferences 311 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131107002.
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The relevance of the work is in solving problems arising from the disproportionate development of migration flows and natural and technical resources. The paper examines the development of migratory residential areas in the context of the need to form an integral system of smart satellite cities around the capital – Bishkek city. There is also a study of the environmental and social problems that arise due to the lack of a systematic approach to the management of the city and its satellites. The existing today, numerous individual housing buildings around the capital cause a serious problem for the rational use of environmental and engineering resources and balanced demographic development of the whole country. To solve the impending problems, it is recommended to build a fundamentally new model of an urban and environmentally friendly agglomeration. Thus, the purpose of the article is to identify problems among new immigration residential buildings and rationale for the need to build city-forming “smart zones of urban development” with a control center in Bishkek. Conclusions and recommendations are given for the government and administrative services of the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Kaleshi, Entela. "Effects of Migration and Human Capital Formation in Albania." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/864jjj42q.
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Albania has one of the world’s highest emigration rates, relative to its population, at -3.3 migrants per 1,000 people, and a total migrant population of more than 1.25 million in 2014, according to UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs data. In 2010 Albania was granted with visa-free travel to the Schengen area and this also affected the crossing of the borders and the circular migration across the land border between Greece and Albania was for many years, one of the most significant irregular migratory flows across the EU’s external borders. Although during the last years it is observed an increase number of return migrants, Albanian citizens continued to migrate and it is observed an increase of the number during 2014, and the new trend now is requesting asylum in EU member states increased during 2014. According to EUROSTAT data show that 65,000 Albanians applied for asylum in 2015, 55,000 of them sought asylum in Germany and 99 percent of Albanian asylum requests have been refused from European countries, half of them belong to the age group 18 – 34 years old. Due to the poor economic and living conditions in Albania, the labor market in Albania is still vulnerable and it affects the on-going migrant flows from Albania to the most developed labor markets of other countries. These migrant flows are directly linked with labor market development especially level of unemployment and poverty. Migration in Albania has major development impact and poverty implications in several levels. It has effects for individuals and their families, for origin and destination countries, and the national economy. At the individual level it shows that migrants benefit economically from their movements, their migration leads to better employment opportunities and income; at the household level in the home country migration reduces poverty at the family level and positively contributes to human capital formation, and improving education and healthcare conditions. Migration also has effects at the national level, bringing positive changes to the national economy.
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Zschomler, Silke. "‘Language Is Your Dignity’: Migration, Linguistic Capital, and the Experience of Re/De-Valuation." Languages 4, no. 3 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4030064.
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Using critical hermeneutic phenomenology, this study considers the lived realities of seven adult migrants with diverse migratory trajectories who came to London in order to set up a new life. Drawing on Bourdieu, it explicates their symbolic struggles for value fought out at the linguistic level and the way they live through experiences of re-valuation of their linguistic capital. Because of the fact that linguistic repertoires are not equal in terms of their value in transnational settings, this is often marked by devaluation, lack, and deficiency. The question amidst unequal linguistic realities is then how space for contestation can be secured. This paper stresses the importance of paying attention to the emotional, affective dimension of such experiences to account for how social transformation may be brought about. To this end, Skeggs’ gaze is employed, particularly the notion of ‘just talk’ as a means to turn negative affects that occur in the face of inequitable relations into action. The study argues that paying attention to this could be a form of metalinguistic talk in language classrooms to counteract experiences of inequality and devaluation. Collective awareness in turn can foster a sense of solidarity and enhance collective agency as mediated by discursive action and solidarity.
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Chatterji, Joya. "Dispositions and Destinations: Refugee Agency and “Mobility Capital” in the Bengal Diaspora, 1947–2007." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 2 (2013): 273–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000030.
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AbstractThis study seeks to illuminate patterns of refugee settlement in the Bengali Muslim diaspora since 1947, which replicate global trends identified by Aristide Zolberg in new nation-states. Based on historical research and oral testimony gathered from over two hundred migrants in different settings in India, Bangladesh, and Britain, it suggests why some Muslims crossed borders after India's partition and others did not; why most moved only short distances within the delta; and why so many huddled in the shadow of the new national borders and so few traveled to the West. I uncover the subtle interplay between migrants' agency and structures of coercion, and between histories of mobility and of affect, in the shaping of migration choices, and explain how the recurrent patterns identified by Zolberg were produced in a regional context of critical but unexplored significance. The essay explores the impact of nation-state formation on older forms of mobility in the region, and the continuing interconnections between local micro-mobilities and regional, national, international, and trans-oceanic migrations. I suggest that the concept of “mobility capital” can help to explain not only patterns of migration, but also patterns of staying on. I conclude by questioning “cumulative causation theory,” which has inadvertently lent credence to fears that the developed countries of the West will be “swamped” by immigrants drawn from ever-expanding migratory networks based in the “third world.”
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Vendramini, Célia Regina. "Migration from a Dialectical and Historical Materialist perspective." Revista Katálysis 21, no. 2 (2018): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02592018v21n2p239.
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Abstract The large and growing contingent of migrants in the world today who move in different directions, occupying a peripheral place in terms of space, occupation, education and access to public services, leads us to problematize analyses about the phenomenon of migration. In this direction, we present some theoretical supports for research about this theme. The objective is to contribute with analyses that seek to go beyond appearances and capture the multiple determinations of the concrete, that is, to understand the reality that moves workers and their families to migrate. We understand that migratory movements accompany the process of capital expansion in the direction of accumulation, given that capitalist accumulation produces a population of surplus labor, according to Marx, which is available to be sent in different locations and production sectors. We conclude that the category of migration a historical materialist perspective is a phenomenon that originates in the expropriation of the means of subsistence and the exploitation of labor, and therefore, cannot be understood outside of these processes. In this perspective, we use the categories of accumulation, commodity, industrial reserve army and spatial expansion of capital to analyze the movement of workers.
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Ricucci, Roberta. "In the Shadow of Bell Towers: The Use of Religious Capital among Christian-Catholic Second Generations in Italy." Social Inclusion 4, no. 2 (2016): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.496.
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Evidence from some contemporary ethnic groups suggests that ethnic religion may play a strong role in the lives of second generation members. This is evident in recent studies on Muslims living in Europe. But Europe's immigrant population is not just Muslim in origin. Migratory flows from Latin America, the Philippines and Eastern Europe (i.e. Romania or Ukraine) bring people from Catholic and Christian countries to Europe. And—as in the Italian case—these groups are now the majority among the whole immigrant population. Consequently, the almost exclusive focus on the Islamic component has allowed little investigation of the increase of the Christian-Catholic component. The paper describes and compares the religious paths of immigrants’ youth from Peru, the Philippines and Romania, considering the following questions: How do they interact with/develop their religious identity? Is this generation seeking less visible, less participatory means of contact with the church to better integrate with their peers? Or, on the contrary, do they choose, strategically, to reinforce the Catholic part of their identity in order to succeed better in the integration process in a Catholic country?
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Pacinelli, Antonio. "Sulla trasformazione del pendolarismo in migrazione. La "Sofferenza demografica-sociale"." FUTURIBILI, no. 1 (May 2009): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fu2008-001009.
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- This paper presents a study on the transformation of commuting into migration to the same destination, with the aim of predicting its impact on migratory flows and the population's age structure. In banking, the concept of arrears refers to an unpaid debt, and here it is applied to the working environment, where the flow of commuters from one town is considered human capital loaned to another town and the failure of a commuter to return creates a state of "demographic-social arrears" (Pacinelli 1996). The information on commuting and migration involved in this phenomenon constitutes the basis for the calculation of a number of indicators which may be used in prediction. An experiment was carried out in the town of Bellante (Teramo), where over 50% of the population are commuters.
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Deori, Banti, and Prema Rajagopalan. "Northeastern Beauty-care Female Workers in South India: Experiencing the ‘Body’, Economic Inclusion and Social Exclusion as Migrants." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 2 (2017): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717735729.
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This article analyses three issues: (i) female migration from northeastern states of India to two southern cities of India, Chennai and Bangalore, employed in the beauty-care sector; (ii) the broad socio-demographic characteristics of female migrants; and (iii) the role of social and cultural capital in inclusion and exclusion of these migrants in the two southern cities. The article discusses the migration process using an intersectionality approach and focuses on how women have become the central players in Migration Studies. The article explores the broad socio-demographic factors associated with their migrations and also examines the problems and harassment faced by the female migrants from northeastern states working in the beauty-care sector. The article advocates the analysis of migratory processes within the broader framework of gender, race, ethnicity and the changing labour market in urban regions of India.
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Soto, Ana Belen. "Paris comme espace géo-poétique dans la première étape romanesque de Rouja Lazarova." Estudios Románicos 28 (December 20, 2019): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/373891.
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La ciudad de París se convierte en un escenario versátil desde un punto de vista representativo en la literatura actual escrita en lengua francesa. Una literatura en la que podemos observar, además, la impronta de los procesos migratorios. En este contexto, podemos hablar de la primera etapa novelesca de Rouja Lazarova como ejemplo paradigmático ya que encontramos tres novelas escritas y basadas en la capital francesa. De tal manera que en un primer momento esbozaremos de la aportación literaria de escritores similares a la autora que presentamos en el presente artículo para considerar seguidamente el papel que desempeña la ciudad en la primera etapa de su producción literaria (1998-2004). Paris becomes a versatile scenario from a representative point of view in the recent French-language literature. A literature in which we can observe, in addition, the imprint of the migratory processes. In this context, we can speak of Rouja Lazarova’s firs literary period as a paradigmatic exemple since we find three novels written and based on the French capital. In such a way that a first we will outline the literary contribution of writers similar to the author that we present in this article to consider next the role played by the city in the first stage of its literary production (1998-2004).
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Picornell, Mercè. "Insular identity and urban contexts: representations of the local in the construction of an image of Palma (Mallorca, Balearic Islands)." Island Studies Journal 9, no. 2 (2014): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.303.
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This article analyses the relationship between island and city in the configuration of an insular identity. The hypothesis addresses the special visibility that, in the case of small islands, results from the confrontation between two relevant singularities – the city and the island – in the symbolic conceptualization of territory. The opposition between island contexts and urban spaces is thus considered in terms of the local/global and rural/urban binaries. These are analysed in contemporary cultural representations of the relationship between the island of Mallorca and its historical and administrative capital, Palma. Since the 1960s, Mallorca has become a mass tourism destination with a considerable demographic impact, especially in the capital, which is the island’s gateway for both tourism and immigration. This paper considers geographical, literary and media discourses along with particular mass-consumption cultural products to argue that Palma is represented as a predatory ‘monster’ devouring the island’s ‘local’ identity. It is argued that different types of neo-ruralism have emerged and reinforced the opposition between the island and the city. This opposition underlies a process of counter-acculturation that delineates and strengthens Mallorcan self-representation in a context defined by an increasingly diverse population as a result of tourism and migratory flows.
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Rosa, Fatima Sabrina da, and Damaris Bertuzzi. "DEPOIS DO ESTADO-NAÇÃO: MIGRAÇÕES, SOBERANIA E DIREITOS NA AURORA DA CRISE SISTÊMICA." Revista Gestão e Desenvolvimento 15, no. 2 (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rgd.v15i2.1633.
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Este texto pretende discutir a relação entre migrações e a perda da soberania do estado-nação no contexto da última crise sistêmica que vem se desenvolvendo. Para tanto, utiliza como base e pano de fundo as noções de modern world-sistem de Wallerstein e de longue durée de Braudel, bem como localiza a discussão sobre o Estado na perspectiva de crise sistêmica, de Arrighi, e de pós-nacionalismo, de Appadurai. Nesse sentido, o texto é dividido em quatro partes: apresentação do problema; contexto da crise migratória e da emergência do estado-nação; crise do estado-nação moderno e, por fim, algumas considerações acerca dos efeitos dos fluxos migratórios e de capitais sobre as noções de soberania e territorialidade do Estado.Palavras-chave: Estado-nação. Migrações. Soberania. Crise sistêmica.ABSTRACTThis text intends to discuss the relationship between migrations and the nation-state sovereignty loss in the context of last systemic crisis that has been developing. For that, it uses the notions of Wallerstein about the modern world-system and Braudel’s about the longue durée as background, as well as locating the discussion about the State in the Arrighi’s perspective about the systemic crisis and Appadurai’s about the post-nationalism. In this sense, the text is divided into four parts: the presentation of the problem; the migratory crisis context and the nation-state emergence; the crisis about the modern nation-state, and finally, some considerations about the effects of migratory flows and capital on the notions of state sovereignty and territoriality.Keywords: Nation-state. Migrations. Sovereignty. Systemic crisis.
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Sah, Ranjit, Shusila Khadka, Paleswan Joshi Lakhey, et al. "Human case of Fasciola gigantica-like infection, review of human fascioliasis reports in Nepal, and epidemiological analysis within the South Central Asia." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (2018): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0053.
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Abstract The diagnosis of a 22 year-old male patient from Kerabari, Morang District, Nepal led to the review of human fascioliasis cases and analysis of the epidemiological situation in that country not included in the WHO fascioliasis map. Symptom onset one month before egg detection and normal levels of ALT and AST did not agree with the 3–4-month migratory period of fascioliasis. A shorter acute phase may happen when the main biliary duct is reached by the migratory juveniles directly from the intestinal lumen. The causal agent was ascribed to F. gigantica-like worms after considering adult fluke morphology, altitude of the patient’s infection area, fasciolid characteristics in the neighbouring Bangladesh, and lymnaeid snail vector species known in Nepal and in the patient’s infection area. Previous reports of human infection by Fasciola in Nepal are reviewed. The patient in question proved to be the twelfth case and the first in whom a F. gigantica-like infection is reported. In Nepal, the wide geographical distribution of livestock fascioliasis, with high prevalences in buffaloes, cattle and goats, and the reports of Fasciola-infected schoolchildren close to the capital Kathmandu, give rise to concern on the situation in remote rural areas in a country where most of the population lives in rural areas. Moreover, the climate change impact in Nepal remembers Pakistan, where human fascioliasis emergence has been related to climate change and man-made irrigation. All in all, the present analysis suggests that human infection by Fasciola may be underestimated in Nepal.
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Rodríguez Rico, Reynier. "Diferencias de género en la migración interna hacia La Habana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX." RIEM. Revista internacional de estudios migratorios 8, no. 2 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/riem.v8i2.2318.
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El presente artículo se traza como objetivo fundamental establecer las diferencias de género en el proceso de decisión y los motivos de la migración interna hacia La Habana en el periodo que media entre los años 1959 y 2000. Se parte de la utilización de métodos estadísticos descriptivos, índices y medidas tomadas del análisis demográfico que permiten comprobar, de un lado, el comportamiento de los saldos migratorios positivos que se localizan en la capital cubana y del otro, una feminización cuantitativa que se presenta como indefectible antecedente en la relación género-migración. Sin embargo, el análisis es aleccionador cuando se examina la participación e interacción de hombres y mujeres en el contexto de roles y actividades que le son asignados diferentemente a unos y otros desde un conjunto de variables sociodemográficas que permiten caracterizar este proceso migratorio. En este caso se emplean tablas de doble entrada o crosstabs, que provenientes de la Estadística Descriptiva, aportan el porcentaje diferencial que marcan los géneros en lo que respecta a la conducta migratoria. De esta forma, se logra un perfil de los migrantes, que desde su socialización y el género en una perspectiva integradora, permiten una comprensión abreviada de tres perfiles temporales notablemente diferenciados y estrechamente ligados a los acontecimientos socioeconómicos que acontecen en Cuba. The present article characterizes the decision making process and migratory reasons towards the city of Havana in the period 1959-2000, from a gender perspective; that allows analyzing the participation and interaction of men and women in this process, based on the norms and values that prevail in society and that will influence the roles and activities that are assigned differently to each other from a set of socio-demographic variables which intervene in this process. Descriptive statistical methods are used, as well as indexes and measures taken from the demographic analysis that allow to verify: first, a quantitative feminization in the migration, and secondly, the majority percentage weight that men versus women mark with respect to this set of socio-demographic characteristics. Finally, three temporal profiles are constructed that describe the behaviour by gender in the decision and the reasons for the migration.
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SAYABAEV, Kaisar, Aigul ZHOLMUKHANOVA, Anar NUKESHEVA, Danagul TLEUZHANOVA, Bakhyt ASSILOV, and Ayagoz ZHANSAGIMOVA. "Sustainable Rural Development through Tourism." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 6 (2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.6(46).25.
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The status of the capital suburb gives additional attractiveness to rural territories for both internal migrants and labor migrants from other regions and oblasts of the country. Social and economic problems are the factor of strengthening the migratory activity of the population of able-bodied age that can have a considerable influence on changing the demographic situation. The population shift is one of the global processes in the modern world. At present virtually all countries are faced with this phenomenon in various forms depending on the level of social and economic development, geographical location and specifics of the proceeding demographic processes.
 Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya resort area is a resort with excellent natural and climatic conditions, rich therapeutic and recreational resources and historical and cultural foundation, favorable geographical location in the center of the Republic, close to the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana. The growth of the income of travel agencies can be expected due to the increase in the cost of the package, because the number of vouchers is likely to decrease due to the reduction of potential tourists. Given that the strategy of long-term development of the Akmola region provides state stimulation of tourism development and recreation in the region, it will be necessary to improve the information and statistical support of this area.
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Bond, Alexander L., and Antony W. Diamond. "Nutrient allocation for egg production in six Atlantic seabirds." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 11 (2010): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-082.
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How species allocate nutrients to egg production is an important question in contaminant analyses. Seabird eggs are sampled frequently in such studies, so it is important to know the source of nutrients in these eggs if the source of the contaminants is to be traced. We used a stable-isotope approach to evaluate the relative importance of locally derived nutrients (income breeding) and stored nutrient reserves (capital breeding) in six species of Atlantic seabirds (Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763; Common Tern, Sterna hirundo L., 1758; Atlantic Puffin, Fratercula arctica (L., 1758); Common Murre, Uria aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763); Razorbill, Alca torda L., 1758; Leach’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)) breeding in the Bay of Fundy. We found that all species either were income breeders or adopted an intermediate strategy whereby varying proportions of locally derived nutrients were incorporated into eggs. Each species’ migratory behaviour is likely a main factor in determining the amount of endogenous nutrients used in egg formation.
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Sulaberidze, Avtandil. "MIGRATION OF GEORGIAN POPULATION AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE THIRD DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION." Globalization and Business 4, no. 8 (2019): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.08.011.
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An important role of migration in the world as well as in local predictable changes, with regard to certain countries’ population, indicates to the challenge of migratory processes. In order to explain the causes of migration, with the aim of its optimization and regulation, there were formulated various theories and concepts regarding the migration. From among these concepts, we have employed the neoclassical theory of migration and the theory of migratory transition, as well as the concept of the third demographic transition. In the process of the formation of Georgian population, migration played, and still does, a significant part in influencing the growth rate of the Georgian population’s size. If natural increase was the main component in terms of the size formation of the Georgian population during 1960-1991, from 1992 up until today, external migration assumed the same role. Since 1992, the low natural increase can no longer compensate for the negative net migration as a consequence of which the Georgian population has decreased by 3723.5 thousand persons by 2019. On the one hand, since 1992, Georgia has belonged to the list of the countries that are demographically developed and on the verge of depopulation. On the other hand, because of the high intensity of emigration, it is among the donor countries which supply the developed countries with emigrants. Socio-economic analysis of the migratory processes that are associated with Georgian population has showed us that Georgia’s economy is characterized by a high share of labor in comparison to capital and by low market income, whereas the highly-developed countries of Europe are distinguished by the opposite tendency – the low share of labor compared to the capital and higher market income. This is directly linked to the neoclassical theory of migration, and the mentioned distinction forces Georgian population to emigrate toward the highly-developed foreign countries. Furthermore, decrease of work-force together with its human capital did not cause a significant growth of their income. In spite of the fact that the salary of the Georgian emigrants (especially illegal ones) is small in the highly- developed countries, in comparison to Georgia, European countries offer substantially higher salaries even on the low-qualification jobs than the actual salaries of a worker employed on the high-qualification jobs in Georgia will ever be. This difference is the main reason as to why the emigrants refrain from returning to their homeland. A sociological survey has confirmed that emigration from Georgia, besides economic factors, is associated with such social-demographic factors of migration as are: receiving education, exile, and the desire to live in better conditions, etc. These factors substantially determine the positive of migration in the receiving highly-developed countries and negative – in Georgia. Therefore, the more distinction there is between the positive and negative factors of migration, the higher the expected emigration to the other countries and the possibility of staying there. According to the current statistical information with regard to the materials of the 2014 population census, the article demonstrates the dynamics and tendency of the migration of the Georgian population since the country gained its independence up until today. It analyzes migrants’ sex-age structure. It has been revealed that the emigration is especially intensive amid the population that is in their reproductive age and is able- bodied. Moreover, it is related to social-economic factors. The sociological research conducted on students showed us that 42% of them intend to emigrate abroad after they graduate during 2018-2020. Additionally, working is the primary motive for boys as studying is for girls. After receiving education abroad, the half of them intend to return to homeland provided they can find a job with a decent salary in Georgia. Net migration has decreased at the expense of the immigration of foreign citizens and not at the cost of illegal Georgian citizens. In the aftermath of a short-term visa- liberalization within the territory of the EU, emigration from Georgia has increased, which is confirmed by the growth of the negative net migration from 2212 to 10763 inhabitants in 2017-2018. This, in turn, will reduce the population reproduction potential in Georgia and through “brain drain” the country will lose its human capital that possesses higher education. Therefore, it is still early to draw conclusions with regard to improving the perspectives of emigration and immigration of Georgian population.
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Krissman, Fred. "Sin Coyote Ni Patrón: Why the “Migrant Network” Fails to Explain International Migration." International Migration Review 39, no. 1 (2005): 4–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00254.x.
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The “migrant network” concept cannot explain large-scale international migratory flows. This article goes beyond a critique of its ahistorical and post factum nature. First, I argue that restrictions on its composition and functions also render the migrant network unable to explain why such migratory flows continue or expand even further. Second, a review of five studies illustrates why this concept, the propositions on which it rests, the methods it employs, and the conclusions that it imparts must be reconsidered. Third, the network analysis literature, along with my research data from the Mexico-U.S. case, suggest an alternative approach. “International migration networks” include those from the labor-sending hometowns who are emphasized in migrant network studies, as well as a variety of other actors based in the militarized border zone and the labor-receiving regions. I conclude that accurate studies of migration must include the employers that demand new immigrant workers, as well as the labor smugglers and all other actors that respond to this demand. Immigration studies that fail to do so provide erroneous analyses which camouflage the activities of many network actors, and furnish an academic fig leaf behind which unintended, counterproductive, and even lethal public policies have been implemented. By and large, the effective units of migration were (and are) neither individuals nor households but sets of people linked by acquaintance, kinship, and work experience who somehow incorporated American destinations into the mobility alternatives they considered when they reached critical decision points in their individual or collective lives (Tilly, 1990:84, emphasis added). [Migrant n]etwork connections constitute a form of social capital that people can draw upon to gain access to foreign employment (Massey et al., 1993:448, emphasis added)
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Apanovich, Maria Yurievna. "Attractiveness Assessment of the American Labour Market for the High Qualified Specialists: A Case of Doctors." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (2019): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-490-498.
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The article describes the migration of highly qualified specialists, using the case of medical workers in the United States. The theory of Kurt Levin and its later modifications, that explain the attractiveness of certain labor markets for workers, serve as a theoretical basis. The study aims at examining a separate area and the reasons for its attractiveness to foreign labor, as well as assessing the prospects for the inflow or outflow of human capital in the medical industry. The American case is of a special research interest due to the national peculiarities of educational programs for medical workers in particular - the duration and the need of confirmation the qualifications by passing the so called qualification exams. The national system of selecting medical personnel for vacant positions throughout the country is also of interest, as it provides for an element of quotas (allocation of a certain number of jobs for foreign labor) and an element of competitiveness (The National Resident Matching Program). Such a combined system allows the state to maintain a balance in the distribution of seats among US citizens and citizens of other states and at the same time strive to attract the best specialists in medicine on an adversarial basis. The study also reveals a pattern in the share of popularity of certain medical specialties among the migratory and non-migratory population, which allows us to draw conclusions about the possibility of a further more or less influx of foreigners into the positions of narrowly targeted doctors. In general, it can be summarized that the analysis of foreign labor on the example of the United States, as well as government measures to stimulate or restrict access by non-residents to this area, is quite significant and in some way useful as a possible strategy to follow for other countries, including the Russian Federation.
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Podgórska, Karolina. "Technologia i transnarodowy habitus. Komunikacja online w sieciach migracyjnych studentów zagranicznych." Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 48, no. 1 (183) (2021): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.025.13846.
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Badania nad wykorzystaniem nowych technologii w procesach migracyjnych prowadzone są w różnych kontekstach, z perspektywy zarówno jednostokowego doświadczenia migranta, jak i z poziomu podmiotów zarządzających procesami migracyjnymi. Jednym z tych kontekstów jest komunikacja, która w sytuacji pozostawania w mobilności nabiera szczególnego znaczenia. Wykorzystanie technologii w komunikacji pełni wiele funkcji, szczególnie sprzyjać może podtrzymywaniu istniejących relacji z członkami zarówno społeczności pochodzenia, jak i społeczności osiedlenia, jak też wspierać powstawanie nowych powiazań, stając się elementem transnarodowego, migracyjnego habitusu. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie problematyki wykorzystania technologii w komunikacji migrantów edukacyjnych (studentów zagranicznych) w kontekście funkcjonowania sieci społecznych, w których również w sferze wirtualnej można wyodrębnić słabe i silne więzi składające się na społeczny kapitał migracyjny. Przedstawione w artykule informacje odnoszą się do wyników badania ilościowego przeprowadzonego wśród ukraińskich studentów uczących się na uczelniach lubelskich, którego celem był opis wirtualnych sieci społecznych cudzoziemskiej młodzieży. Technology and Transnational Habitus. Online Communication in Migration Networks of Foreign Students Research on the use of new technologies in migration processes (digital migration studies) has been conducted in various contexts. One of them is communication, which – for people in mobility – remains of particular importance. The use of technology in communication can supports establishing / maintaining relationships with members of both the society of origin and the host society, becoming an element of the transnational migratory habitus. The aim of the article is to present the issues of using technology in migrant communication, taking into account the context of social migratory networks, in which, also in the virtual sphere, we can identify weak and strong ties (bridges and bonds) that constitute social migration capital. The information presented in the article refers to the results of the quantitative study carried out as part of own research in 2018 among Ukrainian students in Lublin.
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HITCHCOCK, TIM. "The London Vagrancy Crisis of the 1780s." Rural History 24, no. 1 (2013): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793312000210.
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AbstractThis article outlines the changing character of vagrant removal from the City of London during the 1780s, suggesting that the City largely abandoned its duty to ‘punish’ the vagrant poor in favour of a policy of simply moving them on as quickly and cheaply as possible. After describing the impact of the destruction of Newgate and the resulting overcrowding in London's other prisons, it provides evidence for a dramatic increase in vagrant numbers. The article suggests that this change was both a direct result of the crises of imprisonment, transportation and punishment that followed the Gordon Riots and American war; and a result of growing demand for the transportation provided to vagrants, on the part of the migratory poor. Having established the existence of a changing pattern of vagrant removal, it suggests that the poor increasingly made use of the City of London, and the system of removal, to access transportation in pursuit of seasonal migration, and more significantly, medical care in the hospitals of the capital as part of a wider ‘economy of makeshift’.
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Мухачёва, Анна, and Anna Muhacheva. "DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF THE SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS IN THE KEMEROVO REGION AS A COMPONENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 3 (2018): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-3-120-129.
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The paper is devoted to the dynamics of the main demographic indicators of single-industry towns in the Kemerovo region: birth-rate, mortality, natural and migratory growth, life expectancy, and specialized demographic indicators. This analysis provides an idea of the demographic potential of the single-industry towns in Kuzbass, which is the basic index of life standards that defines the competitiveness of the region, the labor force balance, the basis for the development of human capital, as well as provisions for the diversification of mono-town economy within the available workforce. The analysis has made it possible to draw some conclusions about the high correlation between migration and natural population growth with economic indicators, a significant migration outflow from the region in recent years, natural population decline in most urban districts, a general decrease in mortality, and an increase in life expectancy. The rural areas display the highest birth-rate and youngest age of new mothers. The most favorable demographic situation in the Kemerovo region is in the cities of Kemerovo and Novokuznetsk, which cannot be referred to single-industry urban settlements.