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1

Dunn, Daniel C., Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Corrie Curtice, et al. "The importance of migratory connectivity for global ocean policy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1911 (2019): 20191472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1472.

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The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species interact with anthropogenic stressors throughout their lives. Migratory connectivity, the geographical linking of individuals and populations throughout their migratory cycles, influences how spatial and temporal dynamics of stressors affect migratory animals and scale up to influence population abundance, distribution and species persistence. Population declines of many migratory marine species have led to calls for connectivity knowledge, especially insights from animal tracking studies, to be more systematically and synthetically incorporated into decision-making. Inclusion of migratory connectivity in the design of conservation and management measures is critical to ensure they are appropriate for the level of risk associated with various degrees of connectivity. Three mechanisms exist to incorporate migratory connectivity into international marine policy which guides conservation implementation: site-selection criteria, network design criteria and policy recommendations. Here, we review the concept of migratory connectivity and its use in international policy, and describe the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean system, a migratory connectivity evidence-base for the ocean. We propose that without such collaboration focused on migratory connectivity, efforts to effectively conserve these critical species across jurisdictions will have limited effect.
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2

Norris, D. Ryan, Michael B. Wunder, and Marylène Boulet. "Perspectives on Migratory Connectivity." Ornithological Monographs, no. 61 (January 2006): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40166838.

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3

Gao, Boya, Johanna Hedlund, Don R. Reynolds, Baoping Zhai, Gao Hu, and Jason W. Chapman. "The 'migratory connectivity' concept, and its applicability to insect migrants." Movement Ecology 8, no. 1 (2020): 48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14815906.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Migratory connectivity describes the degree of linkage between different parts of an animal's migratory range due to the movement trajectories of individuals. High connectivity occurs when individuals from one particular part of the migratory range move almost exclusively to another localized part of the migratory range with little mixing with individuals from other regions. Conversely, low migratory connectivity describes the situation where individuals spread over a wide area during migration and experience a large degree of mixing with individuals from elsewhere. The migratory connectivity concept is frequently applied to vertebrate migrants (especially birds), and it is highly relevant to conservation and management of populations. However, it is rarely employed in the insect migration literature, largely because much less is known about the migration circuits of most migratory insects than is known about birds. In this review, we discuss the applicability of the migratory connectivity concept to longrange insect migrations. In contrast to birds, insect migration circuits typically comprise multigenerational movements of geographically unstructured (non-discrete) populations between broad latitudinal zones. Also, compared to the faster-flying birds, the lower degree of control over movement directions would also tend to reduce connectivity in many insect migrants. Nonetheless, after taking account of these differences, we argue that the migratory connectivity framework can still be applied to insects, and we go on to consider postulated levels of connectivity in some of the most intensively studied insect migrants. We conclude that a greater understanding of insect migratory connectivity would be of value for conserving threatened species and managing pests.
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4

Kramer, Gunnar R., David E. Andersen, David A. Buehler, et al. "Population trends inVermivorawarblers are linked to strong migratory connectivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (2018): E3192—E3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718985115.

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Migratory species can experience limiting factors at different locations and during different periods of their annual cycle. In migratory birds, these factors may even occur in different hemispheres. Therefore, identifying the distribution of populations throughout their annual cycle (i.e., migratory connectivity) can reveal the complex ecological and evolutionary relationships that link species and ecosystems across the globe and illuminate where and how limiting factors influence population trends. A growing body of literature continues to identify species that exhibit weak connectivity wherein individuals from distinct breeding areas co-occur during the nonbreeding period. A detailed account of a broadly distributed species exhibiting strong migratory connectivity in which nonbreeding isolation of populations is associated with differential population trends remains undescribed. Here, we present a range-wide assessment of the nonbreeding distribution and migratory connectivity of two broadly dispersed Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds. We used geolocators to track the movements of 70Vermivorawarblers from sites spanning their breeding distribution in eastern North America and identified links between breeding populations and nonbreeding areas. Unlike blue-winged warblers (Vermivora cyanoptera), breeding populations of golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) exhibited strong migratory connectivity, which was associated with historical trends in breeding populations: stable for populations that winter in Central America and declining for those that winter in northern South America.
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5

Trierweiler, Christiane, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Rudi H. Drent, et al. "Migratory connectivity and population-specific migration routes in a long-distance migratory bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1778 (2014): 20132897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2897.

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Knowledge about migratory connectivity, the degree to which individuals from the same breeding site migrate to the same wintering site, is essential to understand processes affecting populations of migrants throughout the annual cycle. Here, we study the migration system of a long-distance migratory bird, the Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus , by tracking individuals from different breeding populations throughout northern Europe. We identified three main migration routes towards wintering areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Wintering areas and migration routes of different breeding populations overlapped, a pattern best described by ‘weak (diffuse) connectivity’. Migratory performance, i.e. timing, duration, distance and speed of migration, was surprisingly similar for the three routes despite differences in habitat characteristics. This study provides, to our knowledge, a first comprehensive overview of the migration system of a Palaearctic-African long-distance migrant. We emphasize the importance of spatial scale (e.g. distances between breeding populations) in defining patterns of connectivity and suggest that knowledge about fundamental aspects determining distribution patterns, such as the among-individual variation in mean migration directions, is required to ultimately understand migratory connectivity. Furthermore, we stress that for conservation purposes it is pivotal to consider wintering areas as well as migration routes and in particular stopover sites.
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6

Bauer, Silke, Simeon Lisovski, and Steffen Hahn. "Timing is crucial for consequences of migratory connectivity." Oikos 125, no. 5 (2016): 605–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3935254.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Migratory connectivity can have important consequences for individuals, populations and communities. We argue that most consequences not only depend on <em>which</em> sites are used but importantly also on <em>when</em> these are used and suggest that the timing of migration is characterised by synchrony, phenology, and consistency. We illustrate the importance of these aspects of timing for shaping the consequences of migratory connectivity on individual fitness, population dynamics, gene flow and community dynamics using examples from throughout the animal kingdom. Exemplarily for one specific process that is shaped by migratory connectivity and the timing of migration &ndash; the transmission of parasites and the dynamics of diseases &ndash; we underpin our arguments with a dynamic epidemiological network model of a migratory population. Here, we quantitatively demonstrate that variations in migration phenology and synchrony yield disease dynamics that significantly differ from a time‐neglecting case. Extending the original definition of migratory connectivity into a spatio‐temporal concept can importantly contribute to understanding the links migratory animals make across the globe and the consequences these may have both for the dynamics of their populations and the communities they visit throughout their journeys. &nbsp;
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7

Cohen, Emily B., Jeffrey A. Hostetler, Michael T. Hallworth, Clark S. Rushing, T. Scott Sillett, and Peter P. Marra. "Quantifying the strength of migratory connectivity." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 3 (2017): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12916.

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8

Ambrosini, Roberto, Anders Pape Møller, and Nicola Saino. "A quantitative measure of migratory connectivity." Journal of Theoretical Biology 257, no. 2 (2009): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.11.019.

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9

Webster, Michael S., Peter P. Marra, Susan M. Haig, Staffan Bensch, and Richard T. Holmes. "Links between worlds: unraveling migratory connectivity." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 2 (2002): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02380-1.

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10

Koehler, Geoff, Kevin J. Kardynal, Ron E. Jensen, and Keith A. Hobson. "An evaluation of migration fidelity of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds inferred from stable isotope methods." PeerJ 13 (April 7, 2025): e19252. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19252.

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Knowledge of spatial connectivity between breeding and non-breeding locations of migratory birds and their breeding site fidelity are important for avian conservation. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (RTHU, Archilochus colubris) breed in eastern Canada west to the Rocky Mountains and in the USA east of the Mississippi River and spend the non-breeding period in Mexico, Central America, and southern Florida, USA. We measured the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions of adult RTHU tailfeathers (fourth rectrix) from three breeding locations in North America to estimate migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding grounds where feathers are grown. Feather δ2H values showed no statistical difference among the three sampling locations as well as disparate geographic assignments from one location on the non-breeding grounds in Costa Rica. Therefore, only weak evidence of migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding grounds could be ascertained for our sample of this species. The lack of migratory connectivity detected for Ruby-throated Hummingbirds using stable isotopes is consistent with origins from broad regions on the non-breeding grounds. However, it may also imply that precipitation δ2H values on the non-breeding grounds do not vary enough to detect a difference among our study populations. Sampling of additional populations in the eastern and southern portion of the species’ breeding range and the non-breeding grounds may reveal differences in migratory connectivity among populations and requires further investigation. The δ18O values of feathers correlated poorly to their δ2H values, an effect that may reflect the balance between metabolically driven processes and environmental water on the δ18O values of hummingbird tissues. This study provides the foundations for further investigations into migratory connectivity of RTHU using δ2Hf values and suggests potential avenues of study for use of δ18O values of tissues in metabolic research.
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11

Torniainen, Jyrki, Pekka J. Vuorinen, Roger I. Jones, et al. "Migratory connectivity of two Baltic Sea salmon populations: retrospective analysis using stable isotopes of scales." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 2 (2013): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst153.

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Abstract Torniainen, J., Vuorinen, P. J., Jones, R. I., Keinänen, M., Palm, S., Vuori, K. A. M., and Kiljunen, M. 2014. Migratory connectivity of two Baltic Sea salmon populations: retrospective analysis using stable isotopes of scales. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 336–344. Migratory connectivity refers to the extent to which individuals of a migratory population behave in unison, and has significant consequences for the ecology, evolution and conservation of migratory animals. We made a retrospective assessment of the migratory connectivity of River Simojoki and River Kymijoki populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. by using stable isotope analysis of archived scales to identify the final feeding areas used before ascending rivers for spawning. We also tested differences in migratory connectivity between wild and hatchery-reared salmon and compared Carlin-tag recoveries with salmon scale stable isotope analysis as methods for studying salmon migrations. Stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) values from the last growth region of scales from salmon caught ascending their natal rivers were compared via discriminant analysis with those from scales of salmon caught in different Baltic Sea areas during 1989–2011. Most River Simojoki salmon had likely fed in the Baltic Proper (mean ± SD for ascending fish probability 0.59 ± 0.32) with secondary likely feeding areas in the Bothnian Sea (0.21 ± 0.26) and the Gulf of Finland (0.20 ± 0.27). Most River Kymijoki salmon had likely fed in the Gulf of Finland (0.71 ± 0.42) with the Baltic Proper (0.29 ± 0.41) a secondary feeding area. The results did not indicate the Bothnian Sea to be an important feeding area. The two salmon populations showed weak migratory connectivity and rather fixed areal preference throughout the record irrespective of wild or stocked origin. Although the results from the scale stable isotope analyses were broadly consistent with previously reported Carlin-tag recoveries, we argue that the stable isotope approach offers several important advantages in the study of salmon migratory behaviour.
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12

Somveille, Marius, Rachael A. Bay, Thomas B. Smith, Peter P. Marra, and Kristen C. Ruegg. "A general theory of avian migratory connectivity." Ecology Letters 24, no. 9 (2021): 1848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13817.

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13

Boulet, Marylène, and D. Ryan Norris. "THE PAST AND PRESENT OF MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY." Ornithological Monographs 61, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[1:tpapom]2.0.co;2.

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14

Rushing, Clark S., Thomas B. Ryder, James F. Saracco, and Peter P. Marra. "Assessing migratory connectivity for a long-distance migratory bird using multiple intrinsic markers." Ecological Applications 24, no. 3 (2014): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1091.1.

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15

Hallworth, Michael T., T. Scott Sillett, Steven L. Van Wilgenburg, Keith A. Hobson, and Peter P. Marra. "Migratory connectivity of a Neotropical migratory songbird revealed by archival light-level geolocators." Ecological Applications 25, no. 2 (2015): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0195.1.

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16

Koleček, Jaroslav, Petr Procházka, Naglaa El-Arabany, et al. "Cross-continental migratory connectivity and spatiotemporal migratory patterns in the great reed warbler." Journal of Avian Biology 47, no. 6 (2016): 756–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.00929.

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17

Korytár, Ľ., M. Prokeš, A. Ondrejková, and S. Zemanová. "Relationships Between the Spread of Pathogens and the Migratory Connectivity of European Wild Birds." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 1 (2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0004.

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AbstractAmong emerging infectious diseases, 75 % are zoonotic. Migratory birds are important to public health because they carry emerging zoonotic pathogens or infected arthropod vectors. Disease is an important factor in the evolution of avian migrations and patterns of migratory connectivity. Research suggests that pathogen densities and diseases may influence the evolution of migratory behaviour. During the annual life cycle, European migratory birds spend: 2—4 months at the breeding locality, approximately 6 months on the wintering grounds, and several months (3 and more) on migration routes. There are many factors which determine when and where an outbreak of a disease may occur. Therefore, a complete understanding of the avian migratory systems has a high priority in the prevention of future outbreaks.
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18

Wang, Yingjun, Zhengwu Pan, Yali Si, Lijia Wen, and Yumin Guo. "Subadult movements contribute to population level migratory connectivity." Animal Behaviour 215 (September 2024): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.07.007.

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19

Boulet, Marylène, and D. Ryan Norris. "Introduction: The Past and Present of Migratory Connectivity." Ornithological Monographs, no. 61 (January 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40166835.

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20

Bauer, Silke, Simeon Lisovski, and Steffen Hahn. "Timing is crucial for consequences of migratory connectivity." Oikos 125, no. 5 (2015): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.02706.

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21

Briedis, Martins, and Silke Bauer. "Migratory connectivity in the context of differential migration." Biology Letters 14, no. 12 (2018): 20180679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0679.

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Understanding how breeding populations are spatially and temporarily associated with one another over the annual cycle has important implications for population dynamics. Migratory connectivity typically assumes that populations mix randomly; yet, in many species and populations, sex-, age- or other subgroups migrate separately, and/or spend the non-breeding period separated from each other—a phenomenon coined differential migration. These subgroups likely experience varying environmental conditions, which may carry-over to affect body condition, reproductive success and survival. We argue that environmental or habitat changes can have disproportional effects on a population's demographic rates under differential migration compared to random mixing. Depending on the relative contribution of each of these subgroups to population growth, environmental perturbations may be buffered (under-proportional) or amplified (over-proportional). Thus, differential migration may result in differential mortality and carry-over effects that can have concomitant consequences for dynamics and resilience of the populations. Recognizing the role of differential migration in migratory connectivity and its consequences on population dynamics can assist in developing conservation actions that are tailored to the most influential demographic group(s) and the times and places where they are at peril.
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Chabot, Amy A., Keith A. Hobson, Steven L. Van Wilgenburg, Guillermo E. Pérez, and Stephen C. Lougheed. "Migratory connectivity in the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus )." Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 22 (2018): 10662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4415.

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23

Szép, Tibor, Anders Pape Møller, Steven Piper, Rick Nuttall, Zoltán D. Szabó, and Péter L. Pap. "Migratory connectivity in barn swallows and other hirundines." Journal of Ornithology 148, no. 2 (2007): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0124-6.

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24

Cormier, Renée L., Diana L. Humple, Thomas Gardali, and Nathaniel E. Seavy. "Migratory connectivity of Golden-crowned Sparrows from two wintering regions in California." Animal Migration 3, no. 1 (2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0005.

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AbstractKnowledge of migratory connectivity is critical to understanding the consequences of habitat loss and climate change on migratory species. We used light-level geolocators to determine breeding locations and migratory routes of wintering Golden-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) in two regions of California, USA. Eight out of 9 birds tagged at coastal-wintering sites in Marin County went to breeding sites along the Gulf Coast of Alaska, while 7 out of 8 inland-wintering birds in Placer County migrated to interior sites in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, Canada. Our estimate of the strength of migratory connectivity was relatively high (rm = 0.66). Coastal-wintering birds followed a coastal migration route while inland-wintering birds migrated inland. Coastalwintering birds migrated significantly farther than inland birds (3,624 km versus 2,442 km). Coastal birds traveled at a greater rate during spring migration (179 km/d) than did inland birds (118 km/d), but there was no statistical difference in the rate of fall migration (167 km/d and 111 km/d, respectively). Dates of arrival and departure, and duration of spring and fall migration, did not differ between groups, nor did return rates. Rates of return also did not differ between tagged and control birds. The distinct migration routes and breeding areas suggests that there may be more structuring in the migratory geography of the Golden-crowned Sparrow than in a simple panmictic population.
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Rushing, Clark S., Thomas B. Ryder, and Peter P. Marra. "Quantifying drivers of population dynamics for a migratory bird throughout the annual cycle." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1823 (2016): 20152846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2846.

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Worldwide, migratory species are undergoing rapid declines but understanding the factors driving these declines is hindered by missing information about migratory connectivity and the lack of data to quantify environmental processes across the annual cycle. Here, we combined range-wide information about migratory connectivity with global remote-sensing data to quantify the relative importance of breeding and non-breeding environmental processes to persistent long-term population declines of a migratory songbird, the wood thrush ( Hylocichla mustelina ). Consistent with theoretical predictions about population limitation of migratory birds, our results suggest that habitat loss and climate have contributed to the observed declines in wood thrush breeding abundance, yet the relative importance of breeding versus non-breeding factors is population-specific. For example, high-abundance core breeding populations appear to be more limited by habitat loss, whereas low-abundance, peripheral populations appear to be limited by climate-driven seasonal interactions. Further, our analysis indicates that the relative impact of breeding habitat loss is at least three to six times greater than the impact of equivalent non-breeding habitat loss and therefore the steepest regional declines have likely been driven by the loss of breeding habitat. These results underscore the need for population-specific conservation strategies implemented throughout the annual cycle to reverse long-term declines.
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Warren, Victoria E., Rochelle Constantine, Michael Noad, Claire Garrigue, and Ellen C. Garland. "Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (2020): 201084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201084.

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The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia and New Caledonia (2015–2017). Singing northbound whales migrated past New Zealand from June to August via the east coast of the South Island and Cook Strait. Few song detections were made along the east coast of the North Island. New Zealand song matched New Caledonia song, suggesting a migratory destination, but connectivity to East Australia could not be ruled out. Two song types were present in New Zealand, illustrating the potential for easterly song transmission from East Australia to New Caledonia in this shared migratory corridor. This study enhances our understanding of western South Pacific humpback whale breeding population connectivity, and provides novel insights into the dynamic transmission of song culture.
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Brown, Stephen, Cheri Gratto-Trevor, Ron Porter, et al. "Migratory connectivity of Semipalmated Sandpipers and implications for conservation." Condor 119, no. 2 (2017): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/condor-16-55.1.

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Godley, Brendan J., Castro Barbosa, Michael Bruford, et al. "Unravelling migratory connectivity in marine turtles using multiple methods." Journal of Applied Ecology 47, no. 4 (2010): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01817.x.

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Merken, Ronny, Evelien Deboelpaep, Joachim Teunen, Santiago Saura, and Nico Koedam. "Wetland Suitability and Connectivity for Trans-Saharan Migratory Waterbirds." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (2015): e0135445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135445.

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30

Sullins, Daniel S., Warren C. Conway, David A. Haukos, et al. "American woodcock migratory connectivity as indicated by hydrogen isotopes." Journal of Wildlife Management 80, no. 3 (2016): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1035.

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31

Moore, Joseph D., and David G. Krementz. "Migratory connectivity of american woodcock using band return data." Journal of Wildlife Management 81, no. 6 (2017): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21269.

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32

Moore, Joseph D., David E. Andersen, Thomas R. Cooper, et al. "Migratory connectivity of American woodcock derived using satellite telemetry." Journal of Wildlife Management 83, no. 7 (2019): 1617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21741.

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33

Guillaumet, Alban, Brian Dorr, Guiming Wang, et al. "Determinants of local and migratory movements of Great Lakes double-crested cormorants." Behavioral Ecology 22, no. 5 (2011): 1096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr096.

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Abstract We investigated how individual strategies combine with demographic and ecological factors to determine local and migratory movements in the double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). One hundred and forty-five cormorants were captured from 14 nesting colonies across the Great Lakes area and fitted with satellite transmitters. We first tested the hypotheses that sexual segregation, density-dependent effects, and the intensity of management operations influenced home range size during the breeding season. The influence of these factors appeared to be limited in part due to random variability in foraging and dispersal decisions at individual and colony levels. We also designed a statistical framework to investigate the degree and determinants of migratory connectivity. Our analyses revealed a significant migratory connectivity in cormorants, although we also observed a nonnegligible amount of individual variability and flexibility. Our data were most consistent with the existence of a migratory divide across the Great Lakes, with western populations using mainly the Mississippi Flyway and eastern populations the Atlantic Flyway. Previous and current studies suggest that the divide cannot be explained by past divergence in isolation, a way to diminish travel cost, or the Appalachians constituting an ecological barrier per se but is rather the consequence of the distribution of suitable stopover and nonbreeding areas. However, a parallel migration system and no migratory divide could not be entirely ruled out with present data.
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FANDOS, GUILLERMO, and JOSÉ LUIS TELLERÍA. "Range compression of migratory passerines in wintering grounds of the Western Mediterranean: conservation prospects." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (2017): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000120.

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SummaryBecause migrant birds occur in different parts of the world in different seasons, their numbers may be limited by the size of the smallest area they inhabit during the year. In addition, restricted ranges make populations more susceptible to local perturbations such that range size is frequently considered a correlate of species vulnerability. Despite this, little is known about the balance between seasonal ranges in the migrant populations of partially migratory species. These migrants are difficult to segregate from sedentary conspecifics in winter grounds and thus the extent of their ranges is difficult to assess. Here, we studied the extent of potential breeding and wintering ranges of 10 partial migratory passerines moving to winter in the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. After testing migratory connectivity of the individual species, we used niche modelling to calculate the extent of potential breeding and wintering ranges in 1,113 pairs of ring recoveries linking individuals between breeding and wintering localities. The results indicate that most species show migratory connectivity and that all of them show range compression in winter relative to the breeding range, with scores ranging between 19% and 58% (mean 37%) of breeding ranges. We discuss the importance of non-breeding grounds for conserving migratory passerines in the Western Mediterranean Basin, an area under pressure from climate change and agricultural intensification.
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Moon, Young-Min, Kwanmok Kim, Jinhan Kim, Hwajung Kim та Jeong-Chil Yoo. "Use of stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C and δ15N) to infer the migratory connectivity of Terek Sandpipers (Xenus cinereus) at stopover sites in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway". Avian Biology Research 13, № 1-2 (2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155919901243.

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Stable isotopes are well documented as effective intrinsic markers to infer migratory connectivity which provides key information for establishing an effective conservation strategy in migratory birds. However, there are few studies using stable isotopes that have been applied to long-distance migratory shorebirds globally and such studies are especially scarce along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. We used stable isotope analysis (δ2H, δ13C and δ15N) to infer breeding and wintering areas and examine the differences in those values among populations of Terek Sandpipers ( Xenus cinereus) at stopover sites in South Korea. The range of δ2H in feathers sampled from birds caught in the Korean peninsula at spring and autumn migration stopover sites was consistent with them being grown at sites throughout their flyway as confirmed by leg flag resightings of birds on this flyway. The eastern Siberia region from Yakutsk to Norilsk and Chukotka in Russia was inferred as the most probable breeding area of the population. Papua New Guinea in the Melanesia region, Malaysia and Indonesia were identified as the most probable wintering areas. Isotope values of populations at different stopover sites and different seasons were consistent. These results suggest that stable isotopes can be effectively used alongside other existing methods (e.g. ringing, coloured leg flags, light level geolocation, satellite tag telemetry) to infer the migratory connectivity for long-distance migratory shorebird species that occur over many countries and continents.
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Guaraldo, André de Camargo. "LONGITUDINAL AND CYCLIC POLEWARD MIGRATION OF A SOUTH AMERICAN INTRATROPICAL MIGRANT FLYCATCHER, THE LESSER ELAENIA (ELAENIA CHIRIQUENSIS)." Ornitología Neotropical 32, no. 2 (2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v32i2.785.

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Research on terrestrial migratory birds is incipient in Brazil. Geolocators have recently allowed tracking small migratory passerines, and such data combined with intrinsic markers such as stable isotopes has become invaluable in revealing migratory behavior. Here we used data from a long-term banding program in a Cerrado reserve in central Brazil where we also deployed geolocators to track adults of a 15g flycatcher, the Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis). The literature defines it as a resident or migrant that may overwinter in the Amazon or Central Brazil. Our general goals were to describe the breeding site fidelity of individuals, their migratory behavior and wintering grounds, thus assessing the migratory connectivity of the studied population. We tagged 40 birds in 2011-2012 and successfully extracted data for three recaptured individuals. We analyzed data using GeoLight and QGIS. Recapture data showed that individuals lived for at least 12yrs and that ~15% of all marked birds returned to a ~200 ± 185m radius from where it was recorded in a previous breeding season. Tracking data revealed low migratory connectivity of the studied population. One individual remained resident. The other two individuals migrated through distinct routes: one made a longitudinal northeast-southwest route and the other a cyclic migration consisting of a poleward section to south Brazil, a NW flight to the Pantanal surroundings and ending with a longitudinal NE spring migration. These are the first detailed data of the migratory movements of individual Lesser Elaenias, supporting its partial rather than obligatory migration in central Brazil. Moreover, we found that migrants overwintered in savanna-like areas, supporting previous studies. We included and discussed a list of hypotheses we expect to guide further studies on this and other intratropical migrant species, thus contributing to improving knowledge on this complex and understudied migratory system.
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37

Nelson, Allison R., Renée L. Cormier, Diana L. Humple, Josh C. Scullen, Ravinder Sehgal, and Nathaniel E. Seavy. "Migration patterns of San Francisco Bay Area Hermit Thrushes differ across a fine spatial scale." Animal Migration 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0001.

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AbstractEffective conservation of short-distance migrants requires an understanding of intraspecific variation in migratory patterns across small spatial scales. Until the advent of ultra-light geolocation devices, our knowledge of the migratory connectivity of songbirds was limited. For the Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), subspecies delineations and connectivity patterns have been unclear in the portion of their breeding range in western North America from southeastern Alaska to northwestern Washington, where individuals wintering in the San Francisco Bay Area of California purportedly breed. To determine breeding locations and migratory timing of the Bay Area’s wintering Hermit Thrushes, we deployed geolocators at sites to the north and south of the San Francisco Bay. We compared results from these two regions to one another and to connectivity patterns suggested by subspecies definitions. We collected morphometrics to identify regional differences. Hermit Thrushes that wintered in the North Bay had a wider and more southerly breeding distribution from the British Columbia coast to northwestern Washington, whereas South Bay thrushes migrated to southeastern Alaska and the British Columbia coast. In general, North Bay thrushes departed wintering grounds and arrived on breeding grounds earlier than South Bay thrushes, but we cannot eliminate sex as a factor in these differences. Regional morphology differed only in bill length. Intraspecific isolation in glacial refugia during the Late Pleistocene may explain these fine-scale geographic variations in migration patterns and morphology.
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38

Reudink, Matthew W., Steven L. Van Wilgenburg, Lauren S. Steele, Andrew G. Pillar, Peter P. Marra, and Ann E. McKellar. "Patterns of migratory connectivity in Vaux's Swifts at a northern migratory roost: A multi-isotope approach." Condor 117, no. 4 (2015): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/condor-15-82.1.

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39

Herbert, John A., David Mizrahi, and Caz M. Taylor. "Migration tactics and connectivity of a Nearctic–Neotropical migratory shorebird." Journal of Animal Ecology 91, no. 4 (2022): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13670.

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40

Craig, David P., and Keith Larson. "Migratory Connectivity of North American Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia) Populations." Waterbirds 40, no. 1 (2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0108.

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41

Morrison, Thomas A., and Douglas T. Bolger. "Connectivity and bottlenecks in a migratory wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus population." Oryx 48, no. 4 (2014): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000537.

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AbstractSurprisingly little is known about the spatial dimensions of most tropical ungulate migrations, including that of wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus, a species famous for long-distance movements. Using non-invasive photographic identification of 834 adult wildebeest from 8,530 images collected over 4 years we characterize patterns of migratory connectivity throughout the northern Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem, Tanzania. We document movements between Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks and northwards to the shore of Lake Natron, a straight-line distance of &gt; 130 km. Fifty-six percent of observed movements occur outside the ecosystem's three main protected areas. We supplement photographic data with fine-scale movement data from two individuals with global positioning system collars, and identify three narrow bottlenecks, each vulnerable to human development. We discuss the possible consequences for the wildebeest population if these bottlenecks become impeded. Persistence of this migration alongside a growing human population and proposed road improvement will require additional measures to ensure that pathways remain open to wildlife movement and protected from illegal hunting.
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42

Finch, Tom, Simon J. Butler, Aldina M. A. Franco, and Will Cresswell. "Low migratory connectivity is common in long‐distance migrant birds." Journal of Animal Ecology 86, no. 3 (2017): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12635.

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43

With, Kimberly A., Gregory R. Schrott, and Anthony W. King. "The Implications of Metalandscape Connectivity for Population Viabilityin Migratory Songbirds." Landscape Ecology 21, no. 2 (2006): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-1786-1.

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44

Barbaree, Blake A., Matthew E. Reiter, Catherine M. Hickey, and Gary W. Page. "Molt migration and migratory connectivity of the long‐billed dowitcher." Journal of Wildlife Management 80, no. 2 (2015): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1006.

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45

Pandolfino, Edward R., and Lily A. Douglas. "Using Song Dialects to Assess the Migration Strategy of the Golden-crowned Sparrow." Western Birds 52, no. 4 (2021): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb52.4.3.

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Most techniques used to study migration of wild birds require capture for banding or for attachment and/or recovery of tags or transmitters. We took advantage of the fact that the Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) sings in winter, combined with published data on the distribution of its distinct song dialects in the breeding range, to assess its migration strategy and migratory connectivity by means of these dialects. Using recordings of the Golden-crowned Sparrow’s song across much of its winter range, we categorized these birds by song type to identify their likely origin in some subset of the breeding range. This method allows examination of migration without the need to capture birds. Our results fit best with a pattern of chain migration, with the northernmost breeders wintering in the northernmost part of the winter range, and the southerly breeders wintering farther south. The results suggest strong migratory connectivity between segments of the breeding and winter ranges, though our small sample size makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions on connectivity.
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46

Xu, Yanjie, Andy J. Green, Taej Mundkur, et al. "Beyond Site-Specific Criteria: Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Habitats from a Network Perspective." Diversity 14, no. 5 (2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050353.

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Many populations of birds depend on networks of sites to survive. Sufficient connectivity that allows movement between the sites throughout the year is a critical requirement. We found that existing international frameworks and policies for identifying sites important for bird conservation focus more at the level of the individual site than on the site network and its connectivity. Only 21% of site criteria acknowledge the importance of movement networks for birds, and such network criteria were mostly (67%) qualitative. We suggest a three-step quantitative approach for informing conservation about the connectivity of bird movements (especially when migrating) from a network perspective, by reviewing current scientific knowledge. The first step is to construct a bird movement network by identifying sites frequently used by birds as ‘nodes’, and then define ‘edges’ from the probability of non-stop flight between each pair of nodes. The second step is to quantify network connectivity, i.e., the extent to which the site network facilitates bird movements. The last step is to assess the importance of each site from its contribution to network connectivity. This approach can serve as a tool for comprehensive and dynamic monitoring of the robustness of site networks during global change.
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Hobson, Keith A., Jackson W. Kusack та Blanca X. Mora-Alvarez. "Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating through Northeastern Mexico: New Insights from Stable Isotope (δ2H) Analyses and a Call for Documenting Butterfly Migrations". Diversity 13, № 3 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030102.

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Determining migratory connectivity within and among diverse taxa is crucial to their conservation. Insect migrations involve millions of individuals and are often spectacular. However, in general, virtually nothing is known about their structure. With anthropogenically induced global change, we risk losing most of these migrations before they are even described. We used stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of wings of seven species of butterflies (Libytheana carinenta, Danaus gilippus, Phoebis sennae, Asterocampa leilia, Euptoieta claudia, Euptoieta hegesia, and Zerene cesonia) salvaged as roadkill when migrating in fall through a narrow bottleneck in northeast Mexico. These data were used to depict the probabilistic origins in North America of six species, excluding the largely local E. hegesia. We determined evidence for long-distance migration in four species (L. carinenta, E. claudia, D. glippus, Z. cesonia) and present evidence for panmixia (Z. cesonia), chain (Libytheana carinenta), and leapfrog (Danaus gilippus) migrations in three species. Our investigation underlines the utility of the stable isotope approach to quickly establish migratory origins and connectivity in butterflies and other insect taxa, especially if they can be sampled at migratory bottlenecks. We make the case for a concerted effort to atlas butterfly migrations using the stable isotope approach.
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Cresswell, Will. "Migratory connectivity of Palaearctic-African migratory birds and their responses to environmental change: the serial residency hypothesis." Ibis 156, no. 3 (2014): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12168.

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Fraser, K. C., A. Shave, A. Savage, et al. "Determining fine-scale migratory connectivity and habitat selection for a migratory songbird by using new GPS technology." Journal of Avian Biology 48, no. 3 (2017): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.01091.

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50

Duan, Houlang, and Xiubo Yu. "Land-Use Change, Habitat Connectivity, and Conservation Gaps: A Case Study of Shorebird Species in the Yellow River Delta of China Using the InVEST Model and Network Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (2022): 6191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246191.

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Coastal wetlands form a transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments and provide important ecosystem services. Land-use change in the coastal zone has a substantial effect on habitat connectivity and biodiversity. However, few studies have characterized the effects of land-use change on coastal habitat connectivity. We conducted remote sensing analysis, modeling with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model, geospatial analysis, and habitat connectivity analysis to evaluate historical spatiotemporal changes in the habitat quality and habitat connectivity of migratory shorebirds in the Yellow River Delta, which is an important stopover site along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway migratory route. Several high- and medium-quality areas have been converted to industrial mining and mariculture sites because of land reclamation. The probability of connectivity decreased by −66.7% between 1975 and 2020. Approximately 71.0%, 11.6%, and 5.8% of patches with high importance have been converted to non-habitat patches, habitat patches with medium importance, and habitat patches with low importance, respectively; approximately 58.9% and 11.7% of the patches with medium importance have been converted to non-habitat patches and habitat patches with low importance, respectively. The total priority conservation area was 389.4 km2, and 125.0 km2 (32.1%) of this area remains unprotected; these unprotected areas are mainly distributed in the northwestern and eastern parts of the Yellow River Delta. We recommend that the boundary of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve be expanded to incorporate these unprotected areas.
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