Academic literature on the topic 'Migratory dynamics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Migratory dynamics"
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Knisley, J., T. Schmickl, and I. Karsai. "Compartmental Models of Migratory Dynamics." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 6, no. 6 (2011): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/20116613.
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Richardson, George P., and John D. Sterman. "A note on migratory dynamics." System Dynamics Review 4, no. 1-2 (1988): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdr.4260040111.
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Taylor, Caz M., and D. Ryan Norris. "Population dynamics in migratory networks." Theoretical Ecology 3, no. 2 (2009): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-009-0054-4.
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Bourouiba, L., Jianhong Wu, S. Newman, et al. "Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 52 (2010): 1627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0126.
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Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus ). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which are more susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result.
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Peacock, Stephanie J., Martin Krkošek, Mark A. Lewis, and Péter K. Molnár. "A unifying framework for the transient parasite dynamics of migratory hosts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (2020): 10897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908777117.
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Migrations allow animals to track seasonal changes in resources, find mates, and avoid harsh climates, but these regular, long-distance movements also have implications for parasite dynamics and animal health. Migratory animals have been dubbed “superspreaders” of infection, but migration can also reduce parasite burdens within host populations via migratory escape from contaminated habitats and transmission hotspots, migratory recovery due to parasite mortality, and migratory culling of infected individuals. Here, we show that a single migratory host–macroparasite model can give rise to these different phenomena under different parametrizations, providing a unifying framework for a mechanistic understanding of the parasite dynamics of migratory animals. Importantly, our model includes the impact of parasite burden on host movement capability during migration, which can lead to “parasite-induced migratory stalling” due to a positive feedback between increasing parasite burdens and reduced movement. Our results provide general insight into the conditions leading to different health outcomes in migratory wildlife. Our approach lays the foundation for tactical models that can help understand, predict, and mitigate future changes of disease risk in migratory wildlife that may arise from shifting migratory patterns, loss of migratory behavior, or climate effects on parasite development, mortality, and transmission.
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Peacock, Stephanie J., Juliette Bouhours, Mark A. Lewis, and Péter K. Molnár. "Macroparasite dynamics of migratory host populations." Theoretical Population Biology 120 (March 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.12.005.
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Couto, MCM, S. Quinelato, FC Cordeiro, IBM Saio, and MLA Rodrigues. "Migratory dynamics of cyathostomin larvae in a Bermuda grass pasture in South America." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 4 (2011): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3146-vetmed.
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Studies of the migratory dynamics of cyathostomin infective larvae (L<sub>3</sub>) in different seasons and with two types of irrigation were carried out over 12 months (September 2006 to September 2007) in the subtropical climate of the Baixada Fluminense region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Four faecal masses weighing 500 g each from naturally infected horses were placed in a Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) pasture in the beginning of each season. Samples of faeces and grass were collected every 15 days until the end of each season. The highest recovery in faeces occured in Autumn (491 910 L<sub>3</sub>/kg dried herbage) and in pasture was achieved in Winter (9 963 L<sub>3</sub>/kg dried herbage). The lowest number of infective larvae recovered from faeces (55 100 L<sub>3</sub>/kg dried herbage) and pastures (2 188 L<sub>3</sub>/kg dried herbage) were achieved in Spring. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in infective larvae recovery between the seasons. The collection time of the samples did not affect the larva recovery. The results suggest that in the conditions of the region studied, animals maintained in pasture are at permanent risk of infection.
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Hulthén, Kaj, Ben B. Chapman, P. Anders Nilsson, et al. "Escaping peril: perceived predation risk affects migratory propensity." Biology Letters 11, no. 8 (2015): 20150466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0466.
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Although migratory plasticity is increasingly documented, the ecological drivers of plasticity are not well understood. Predation risk can influence migratory dynamics, but whether seasonal migrants can adjust their migratory behaviour according to perceived risk is unknown. We used electronic tags to record the migration of individual roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), a partially migratory fish, in the wild following exposure to manipulation of direct (predator presence/absence) and indirect (high/low roach density) perceived predation risk in experimental mesocosms. Following exposure, we released fish in their lake summer habitat and monitored individual migration to connected streams over an entire season. Individuals exposed to increased perceived direct predation risk (i.e. a live predator) showed a higher migratory propensity but no change in migratory timing, while indirect risk (i.e. roach density) affected timing but not propensity showing that elevated risk carried over to alter migratory behaviour in the wild. Our key finding demonstrates predator-driven migratory plasticity, highlighting the powerful role of predation risk for migratory decision-making and dynamics.
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Nilsson, Anna L. K., and Maria I. Sandell. "Stress hormone dynamics: an adaptation to migration?" Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (2009): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0193.
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The hormone corticosterone (CORT) is an important component of a bird’s response to environmental stress, but it can also have negative effects. Therefore, birds on migration are hypothesized to have repressed stress responses (migration-modulation hypothesis). In contrast to earlier studies on long-distance migrants, we evaluate this hypothesis in a population containing both migratory and resident individuals. We use a population of partially migratory blue tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus ) in southern Sweden as a model species. Migrants had higher CORT levels at the time of capture than residents, indicating migratory preparations, adaptation to stressors, higher allostatic load or possibly low social status. Migrants and residents had the same stress response, thus contradicting the migration-modulation hypothesis. We suggest that migrants travelling short distances are more benefited than harmed by retaining the ability to respond to stress.
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Becker, Daniel J., Ellen D. Ketterson, and Richard J. Hall. "Reactivation of latent infections with migration shapes population-level disease dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (2020): 20201829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1829.
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Annual migration is common across animal taxa and can dramatically shape the spatial and temporal patterns of infectious disease. Although migration can decrease infection prevalence in some contexts, these energetically costly long-distance movements can also have immunosuppressive effects that may interact with transmission processes in complex ways. Here, we develop a mechanistic model for the reactivation of latent infections driven by physiological changes or energetic costs associated with migration (i.e. ‘migratory relapse’) and its effects on disease dynamics. We determine conditions under which migratory relapse can amplify or reduce infection prevalence across pathogen and host traits (e.g. infectious periods, virulence, overwinter survival, timing of relapse) and transmission phenologies. We show that relapse at either the start or end of migration can dramatically increase prevalence across the annual cycle and may be crucial for maintaining pathogens with low transmissibility and short infectious periods in migratory populations. Conversely, relapse at the start of migration can reduce the prevalence of highly virulent pathogens by amplifying culling of infected hosts during costly migration, especially for highly transmissible pathogens and those transmitted during migration or the breeding season. Our study provides a mechanistic foundation for understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of relapsing infections in migratory hosts, with implications for zoonotic surveillance and understanding how infection patterns will respond to shifts in migratory propensity associated with environmental change. Further, our work suggests incorporating within-host processes into population-level models of pathogen transmission may be crucial for reconciling the range of migration–infection relationships observed across migratory species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migratory dynamics"
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Lynch, Patrick D. "Habitat and Fish Population Dynamics: Advancing Stock Assessments of Highly Migratory Species." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616756.
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Fisheries sustainability is inherently linked to an understanding of the population-level effects of fishing. With an accurate characterization of historical fish and fishery dynamics, management agencies are more equipped to create regulations that sustain fishery resources over the long term. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the advancement of fisheries stock assessment and promote resource sustainability. My research focused on highly migratory species (HMS), particularly fishes that reside in the open ocean. These species constitute some of the highest valued global fisheries; however, numerous factors compromise HMS stock assessment and management. These challenges are fully described in Chapter 1, which also includes corresponding research and management recommendations. A key limitation in HMS assessments underlying my research is the lack of independent scientific monitoring programs. In the absence of research surveys, HMS stock assessments must rely on fishery catch and effort data. Therefore, special care is required to infer population dynamics from entities that were not established to monitor populations. In particular, the habitat in which fishing occurs largely dictates the amount and composition of fishes captured. Unfortunately, habitat effects on fishery-dependent data are not commonly accounted for in HMS assessments. Chapter 2 presents the results of a performance evaluation of methods used for estimating HMS abundance trends, including traditional generalized linear models (GLMs), an existing method that considers habitat (statHBS), and a proposed method that hybridizes traditional and habitat-based approaches (HabGLM). I demonstrate that HabGLM was most accurate of those evaluated, while exhibiting minimal sensitivity to errors in input data. I recommend the use of HabGLM in future HMS stock assessments; however, despite being most accurate, there were scenarios where HabGLM still did not sufficiently capture the true abundance pattern. In Chapter 3, the HabGLM was applied to 35 HMS in the Atlantic Ocean using fisher logbook data from the US pelagic longline fishery. This comprehensive analysis portrays an HMS community in the Atlantic as generally depleted, with current abundances of 76% of the species at less than half of their 25-year observed maxima. However, despite these depletions, 26% of the species exhibited population growth, suggesting recent fishing intensities may be adequate for sustaining or rebuilding certain populations. While interpretations of abundance trends can be informative, fisheries management is more often guided by the output of stock assessments. Thus, in Chapter 4, I present the results of a study that evaluated the effects of abundance index quality on the performance of a stock assessment model (Stock Synthesis), with a focus on Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans). In general, assessment model performance was superior when based on abundance indices estimated using HabGLM; however, the management quantities derived from this best case scenario were still overly optimistic, and when the fisheries were regulated accordingly, population biomass was projected to be well below the management target level. Overall, my research emphasizes that (1) habitat should be directly incorporated into HMS stock assessments, and (2) independent stock monitoring programs are essential for effective fisheries management.
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Lea, James Simon Eaton. "Migratory behaviour and spatial dynamics of large sharks and their conservation implications." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8334.
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Determining the dynamic nature of animal movement has been an important component in a wider understanding of animal population ecology. Generally, this is because temporal change in the density of a population at a specific geographic location is not only a function of births and deaths but also of movements, including migration. The increased availability of remote telemetry and biologging systems in recent years has enabled many studies tracking marine predators, such as turtles, seabirds and marine mammals, but a general understanding of spatial dynamics in large sharks remains less well developed. This is in part due to few studies having achieved sufficiently long-term, multi-year tracks to detect changes in movement behaviour over time. Determining the timing, repeatability and potential motivations for movements of large sharks is necessary to understand the ecological and evolutionary role of such behaviour more generally in marine predators. Furthermore, given global concerns of declining shark populations, a detailed appreciation of shark movements can reveal the extent 6 of overlap with area-focused human activities (e.g. fishing), as well as inform assessments of population trends and spatial management options. In order to demonstrate how shark migratory behaviour and spatial dynamics can vary dramatically depending on the species and location, with subsequent contrasting conservation implications, the present work used longterm, remote telemetry to reveal detailed patterns in shark movement behaviour at two very different geographical scales: broad-scale movements of larger species that encompass ocean basins, versus fine-scale movements of reef-associated species at a remote atoll. First, using satellite telemetry, it was revealed for the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier, that adult males undertake annually repeated, roundtrip migrations of over 7,500 km in the northwest Atlantic. Second, acoustic telemetry was used to determine the fine-scale spatial dynamics of a multispecies shark assemblage at a small, remote atoll in the Seychelles, Indian Ocean, where a number of species displayed perennial residency. While the fine-scale movements of reef sharks in the Seychelles suggest an MPA of moderate size may be an effective management option, the long-distance migrations of the tiger sharks in the Atlantic reveal that conservation efforts targeting them must account for dynamic fisheries interactions over large geographical scales, potentially requiring time-area closures to be effective. Examining the long-term movement behaviour of different shark species over contrasting geographical scales has emphasised the importance of understanding spatial dynamics when informing management decisions, and has contributed to a wider understanding of the population ecology of these species.
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Grond, Kirsten. "Development and dynamics of gut microbial communities of migratory shorebirds in the Western Hemisphere." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35484.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Division of Biology<br>Brett K. Sandercock<br>Gastrointestinal microbiota play a vital role in maintaining organismal health, through facilitating nutrient uptake, detoxification and interactions with the immune system. Shorebirds vary widely in life-history characteristics, such as habitat, migration and breeding system, but the dynamics of their gut microbial communities are unknown. In my dissertation, I investigated composition and dynamics of gut microbiota in migratory shorebirds from embryos to 10 day old chicks, and determined environment and host-related factors affecting gut microbial communities of adults. First, I tested whether precocial chicks from three species of arctic-breeding shorebirds acquire gut microbiota before or after hatching using next-generation sequencing. In addition, I documented the dynamics of gut microbial establishment. I showed that gut microbiota were absent in shorebird embryos before hatching, but that stable gut communities established within the first three days after hatching. In addition, gut microbiota of young shorebird chicks were more similar to the environmental microbiome than later in life, suggesting that the environment is a likely source for microbial recruitment. After reaching adulthood, shorebirds migrate long distances, potentially exposing them to a wide range of microorganisms. Host phylogeny and environmental factors have both been identified as drivers of gut microbiota composition in birds in previous studies. The second part of my project aimed to compare the relative importance of host and environmental factors that underlie variation in gut microbiota composition in eight species of migratory shorebirds sampled across the North American Arctic. I found that sampling site was the main driver of variation in gut microbiota of Arctic-breeding shorebirds, and that site-related variation in gut microbiota of shorebirds was a result of differences in core bacterial taxa that occurred in more than half of the analyzed samples. A relatively large influence of local environment on gut microbiota composition of chicks and adults lead to the question: how does site affect pathogen prevalence in shorebirds? Migratory behavior has been hypothesized to have evolved as a response to variation in climatic conditions and food availability, to avoid predation, and to reduce risk of exposure to pathogens. The migratory escape hypothesis predicts avoidance of high disease prevalence areas through migration, and has been proposed as one of the main reasons that many bird species migrate to the Arctic for breeding. To test the migratory escape hypothesis in shorebirds, I screened for prevalence of seven known avian pathogens in shorebirds at different stages of migration. I did not detect the majority of pathogens we tested for, with the exception of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni in shorebirds was linked to sampling sites but not shorebird species. My dissertation is the first comprehensive study to broadly characterize the gut microbiota in shorebirds. Overall, local environment emerged as an important factor in shaping microbiota composition in Arctic-breeding shorebirds throughout my dissertation research. The role of local environment in shaping gut microbiota invites future investigations of the interactions among shorebirds and the microorganisms present in their environment, as well as the functions gut microbiota perform within their shorebird hosts.
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Tierney, Lauren. "An Agent-Based Model of Wildlife Migratory Patterns in Human-Disturbed Landscapes." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19266.
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In recent years, human decision-making has led to significant landscape impacts in the western United States. Specifically, migratory wildlife populations have increasingly been impacted by rural urban development and energy resource development. This research presents the application of agent-based modeling to explore how such impacts influence the characteristics of migratory animal movement, focusing on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Western Wyoming. This study utilizes complex adaptive systems and agent-based modeling frameworks to increase understanding of migratory patterns in a changing landscape and explores thresholds of interference to migration patterns due to increased habitat degradation and fragmentation. The agent-based model utilizes GPS-collar data to examine how individual processes lead to population-level patterns of movement and adaptation. The assessment incorporates elements from both human and natural systems to explore potential future scenarios for human development in the natural landscape and incorporates adaptive behaviors, as well as animal-movement ecology, in changing landscapes.
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Oliveira, Márcia Maria de. "Dinâmicas migratórias na Amazônia Contemporânea." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4239.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-24<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In this thesis, we discussed the main migration dynamics observed in the Amazon over the last decade and its importance for understanding the processes of social, political, economic and cultural changes in the region. Such changes are remarkable in all sectors of society to be almost impossible to think the Amazon without taking into account the internal and international migrations that give the region an intense human mobility. The study indicates that migration dynamics involve all dimensions of sociability and represent another possibility of reading and interpreting the Amazon inserted into the complexity of international migration in its various dimensions. The Migration Profile of the region identifies new and old phenomena of population movements that circulate new production basis, transfer of technology and knowledge.<br>Na presente tese, abordamos as principais dinâmicas migratórias observadas na Amazônia na última década e a sua importância para a compreensão dos processos de mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais da região. Tais mudanças se fazem notar em todos os setores da sociedade a ponto de ser quase impossível pensar a Amazônia sem levar em consideração as migrações internas e internacionais que conferem à região uma mobilidade humana intensa. O estudo indica que as dinâmicas migratórias envolvem todas as dimensões da sociabilidadee representam mais uma possibilidade de leitura e interpretação da Amazônia inserida na complexidade da dinâmica da migração internacional em suas variadas dimensões. O Perfil Migratório da região identifica fatos novos e antigos de deslocamentos de populações que fazem circular novas bases de produção, transferências de tecnologias e conhecimentos.
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Nielsen, Adam C. "Computational fluid dynamics applications for the Lake Washington Ship Canal." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1043.
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The Seattle District wants to better manage the Ballard Locks and structures along the Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC) in a way that will maintain the environmental sustainability and biodiversity in the area. Due to strict salt water intrusion regulations in the LWSC, the Seattle District is working on upgrading their management practices such that they will resolve two inter-related problems. First, to improve the fish passage conditions for migrating salmon; and second, to learn how to better manage the salt wedge that forms and intrudes upstream. Based on the hydrodynamic and water quality results that are produced by this research, the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Portland Office will use their Eulerian-Lagrangian-Agent-Model (ELAM) to analyze fish patterns, looking for the most beneficial management schemes that assist salmon in migrating upstream.
This research implemented CFD engineering techniques to help better understand the effectiveness of the hydraulic structures in the area, as well as come up with management practices that both mitigate the salt water intrusion from Puget Sound, and improve the migrating passages for salmon.
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Dean, Zachary S. "Collective Migration Models: Dynamic Monitoring of Leader Cells in Migratory/Invasive Disease Processes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560817.
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Leader cells are a fundamental biological process that have only been investigated since the early 2000s. These cells have often been observed emerging at the edge of an artificial wound in 2D epithelial cell collective invasion, created with either a mechanical scrape from a pipette tip or from the removal of a plastic, physical blocker. During migration, the moving cells maintain cell-cell contacts, an important quality of collective migration; the leader cells originate from either the first or the second row, they increase in size compared to other cells, and they establish ruffled lamellipodia. Recent studies in 3D have also shown that cells emerging from an invading collective group that also exhibit leader-like properties. Exactly how leader cells influence and interact with follower cells as well as other cells types during collective migration, however, is another matter, and is a subject of intense investigation between many different labs and researchers. The majority of leader cell research to date has involved epithelial cells, but as collective migration is implicated in many different pathogenic diseases, such as cancer and wound healing, a better understanding of leader cells in many cell types and environments will allow significant improvement to therapies and treatments for a wide variety of disease processes. In fact, more recent studies on collective migration and invasion have broadened the field to include other cell types, including mesenchymal cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, the proper technology for picking out dynamic, single cells within a moving and changing cell population over time has severely limited previous investigation into leader cell formation and influence over other cells. In line with these previous studies, we not only bring new technology capable of dynamically monitoring leader cell formation, but we propose that leader cell behavior is more than just an epithelial process, and that it is a critical physiological process in multiple cell types and diseases.
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Hoeinghaus, Ana Paula Ferrari. "Thresholds and Legacy Effects of Tropical Floodplain Fish Assemblages in Response to Flood Attributes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822800/.
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Natural flow regimes are critical for sustaining biodiversity and river integrity. Floods and droughts form an important component of river systems and control population sizes and species diversity across space and time. Modification of flow regimes, including disruption of the timing, magnitude and duration of flooding, is a global problem, and many new impoundments are planned for large river-floodplain ecosystems in the tropics. Flow modifications may cause dramatic non-linear responses in population sizes and have lasting effects through time, but such topics are poorly investigated over multi-year scales, especially in highly diverse tropical ecosystems. Using a long-term dataset from the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, I tested for threshold and legacy effects of fish assemblages to flood attributes, such as timing, magnitude, duration, rate of change and variation. Specifically, I hypothesized that long duration, high magnitude floods would elicit threshold responses in long-distance migratory fish species and these responses result in significant legacy effects detectable over multiple years. Consistent positive threshold responses to increasing flood duration and magnitude were detected for many species and not significantly correlated with reproductive guilds. Legacy effects were prevalent (i.e. identified for more than 90% of species) and including flood attributes from previous years increased variance explained in species abundances by 15-20% compared to contemporary flood attributes alone. Contrary to my hypotheses, flood duration did not elicit strong legacy effects and species from the same reproductive guild did not have similar legacy effects models. The prevalence of legacy effects across almost all species in this diverse study system highlights the need to consider such dynamics in other systems. My results provide targets for management and conservation actions, such as environmental flow releases from upstream reservoirs. Environmental flows releases may play a significant role in sustainability of the floodplain and other tropical floodplain ecosystems affected by impoundments.
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Martignac, François. "Utilisation de deux outils hydroacoustiques pour analyser la dynamique migratoire du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.) dans deux fleuves de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARH097/document.
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Le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) est une espèce tant emblématique que menacée à l’échelle internationale, au même titre que la plupart des espèces de poissons diadromes. La présence de barrages, en entraînant une rupture de la continuité écologique des cours d’eau, participe à ce déclin. Le remplacement du barrage en porte à flot sur l’estuaire du Couesnon (Normandie, France) par un barrage procédant à des lâchers d’eau à l’étale de basse mer, est susceptible d’impacter l’abondance et la dynamique migratoire des saumons. Pour étudier les remontées de saumons adultes sur ce fleuve, un échosondeur à faisceau partagé a été installé en amont du barrage et a enregistré en continu tous les passages de saumons lors des périodes estivales de 2010 à 2014. L’hydroacoustique, méthode non intrusive et indépendante des conditions de turbidité de l’eau, permet l’acquisition d’informations difficilement accessibles par d’autres techniques. Pour évaluer la réelle influence du barrage sur les migraticours d’eau voisin dont l’estuaire est libre, à l’aide d’un outil hydroacoustique bénéficiant de larges innovations technologiques, une caméra acoustique DIDSON. Les méthodologies développées soulignent les avantages et les limites des deux outils, mettant en lumière le gain d’information apporté par les caméras acoustiques. L’interprétation des résultats met en évidence que si le fonctionnement du barrage n’impacte pas le maintien de la population sur ce fleuve, la dynamique migratoire des saumons y est modifiée. Cette étude souligne les grandes capacités d’adaptation des saumons atlantique<br>The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is as emblematic as in a global decline, as most of the diadromous fish species. Dams have direct consequences on the river ecological continuity and indirect effects, such as the modification of the hydrological and hydrosedimentary dynamics which affects these populations. In Normandy (France), the Couesnon River’s estuary flood-gate dam has recently been replaced by a new dam proceeding to water releases at low tide stall. This functioning may decrease the salmon abundance or disturb their migration dynamic on this river. To study the dam influence, a split-beam echosounder has been settled upstream the dam and has recorded Philippe BOëTpermanently the salmon migrations during the summer period from 2010 to 2014. The hydroacoustic methods, non-intrusive and independent from the turbidity conditions, provide useful information, neither available nor quantifiable with other existing monitoring technics. To evaluate the disturbance of the estuarine damthe migration dynamic of the same species has also been monitored on a nearby river, the Sélune River, whose estuary is free-flowing. The hydroacoustic tool settled on this river, a DIDSON, belongs to the acoustic camera generation and benefits from recent technological improvements. The defined methodologies highlight the advantages and limits of both tools, revealing the information gain brought by the acoustic cameras. A dam functioning influence on the Atlantic salmon migration has been revealed, but no negative impact has been described on the salmon annual recruitment level. This study
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Winton, R. Scott. "The Effects of Organic Matter Amendments and Migratory Waterfowl on Greenhouse Gas and Nutrient Dynamics in Managed Coastal Plain Wetlands." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12131.
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<p>Wetland ecosystems provide many valuable ecosystem services, including carbon (C) storage and improvement of water quality. Yet, restored and managed wetlands are not frequently evaluated for their capacity to function in order to deliver on these values. Specific restoration or management practices designed to meet one set of criteria may yield unrecognized biogeochemical costs or co-benefits. The goal of this dissertation is to improve scientific understanding of how wetland restoration practices and waterfowl habitat management affect critical wetland biogeochemical processes related to greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient cycling. I met this goal through field and laboratory research experiments in which I tested for relationships between management factors and the biogeochemical responses of wetland soil, water, plants and trace gas emissions. Specifically, I quantified: (1) the effect of organic matter amendments on the carbon balance of a restored wetland; (2) the effectiveness of two static chamber designs in measuring methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands; (3) the impact of waterfowl herbivory on the oxygen-sensitive processes of methane emission and coupled nitrification-denitrification; and (4) nitrogen (N) exports caused by prescribed draw down of a waterfowl impoundment.</p><p>The potency of CH4 emissions from wetlands raises the concern that widespread restoration and/or creation of freshwater wetlands may present a radiative forcing hazard. Yet data on greenhouse gas emissions from restored wetlands are sparse and there has been little investigation into the greenhouse gas effects of amending wetland soils with organic matter, a recent practice used to improve function of mitigation wetlands in the Eastern United States. I measured trace gas emissions across an organic matter gradient at a restored wetland in the coastal plain of Virginia to test the hypothesis that added C substrate would increase the emission of CH4. I found soils heavily loaded with organic matter emitted significantly more carbon dioxide than those that have received little or no organic matter. CH4 emissions from the wetland were low compared to reference wetlands and contrary to my hypothesis, showed no relationship with the loading rate of added organic matter or total soil C. The addition of moderate amounts of organic matter (< 11.2 kg m-2) to the wetland did not greatly increase greenhouse gas emissions, while the addition of high amounts produced additional carbon dioxide, but not CH4. </p><p>I found that the static chambers I used for sampling CH4 in wetlands were highly sensitive to soil disturbance. Temporary compression around chambers during sampling inflated the initial chamber CH4 headspace concentration and/or lead to generation of nonlinear, unreliable flux estimates that had to be discarded. I tested an often-used rubber-gasket sealed static chamber against a water-filled-gutter seal chamber I designed that could be set up and sampled from a distance of 2 m with a remote rod sampling system to reduce soil disturbance. Compared to the conventional design, the remotely-sampled static chambers reduced the chance of detecting inflated initial CH4 concentrations from 66 to 6%, and nearly doubled the proportion of robust linear regressions from 45 to 86%. The new system I developed allows for more accurate and reliable CH4 sampling without costly boardwalk construction. </p><p>I explored the relationship between CH4 emissions and aquatic herbivores, which are recognized for imposing top-down control on the structure of wetland ecosystems. The biogeochemical consequences of herbivore-driven disruption of plant growth, and in turn, mediated oxygen transport into wetland sediments, were not previously known. Two growing seasons of herbivore exclusion experiments in a major waterfowl overwintering wetland in the Southeastern U.S. demonstrate that waterfowl herbivory had a strong impact on the oxygen-sensitive processes of CH4 emission and nitrification. Denudation by herbivorous birds increased cumulative CH4 flux by 233% (a mean of 63 g CH4 m-2 y-1) and inhibited coupled nitrification-denitrification, as indicated by nitrate availability and emissions of nitrous oxide. The recognition that large populations of aquatic herbivores may influence the capacity for wetlands to emit greenhouse gases and cycle nitrogen is particularly salient in the context of climate change and nutrient pollution mitigation goals. For example, our results suggest that annual emissions of 23 Gg of CH4 y-1 from ~55,000 ha of publicly owned waterfowl impoundments in the Southeastern U.S. could be tripled by overgrazing. </p><p>Hydrologically controlled moist-soil impoundment wetlands provide critical habitat for high densities of migratory bird populations, thus their potential to export nitrogen (N) to downstream waters may contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the relative importance of N export from these built and managed habitats, I conducted a field study at an impoundment wetland that drains into hypereutrophic Lake Mattamuskeet. I found that prescribed hydrologic drawdowns of the impoundment exported roughly the same amount of N (14 to 22 kg ha-1) as adjacent fertilized agricultural fields (16 to 31 kg ha-1), and contributed approximately one-fifth of total N load (~45 Mg N y-1) to Lake Mattamuskeet. Ironically, the prescribed drawdown regime, designed to maximize waterfowl production in impoundments, may be exacerbating the degradation of habitat quality in the downstream lake. Few studies of wetland N dynamics have targeted impoundments managed to provide wildlife habitat, but a similar phenomenon may occur in some of the 36,000 ha of similarly-managed moist-soil impoundments on National Wildlife Refuges in the southeastern U.S. I suggest early drawdown as a potential method to mitigate impoundment N pollution and estimate it could reduce N export from our study impoundment by more than 70%.</p><p>In this dissertation research I found direct relationships between wetland restoration and impoundment management practices, and biogeochemical responses of greenhouse gas emission and nutrient cycling. Elevated soil C at a restored wetland increased CO2 losses even ten years after the organic matter was originally added and intensive herbivory impact on emergent aquatic vegetation resulted in a ~230% increase in CH4 emissions and impaired N cycling and removal. These findings have important implications for the basic understanding of the biogeochemical functioning of wetlands and practical importance for wetland restoration and impoundment management in the face of pressure to mitigate the environmental challenges of global warming and aquatic eutrophication.</p><br>Dissertation
Books on the topic "Migratory dynamics"
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC-Soft Open Method of Coordination from Prevalet. Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-246-2.
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Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC-Metodo Aperto e Semplificato di Coordinamento da Prevalet. Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-254-7.
Full textAbstract:
Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC – Sanfte offene Koordinierungsmethode – Soft Open Method of Coordination von Prevalet. Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-263-9.
Full textAbstract:
Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. SMOC – Método Abierto de Coordinación de Prevalet. Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-267-7.
Full textAbstract:
Seven European Regional Governments, together with Earlall and universities and research centres, have undertaken to refine a first draft of a Joint Progress Report of Regions on Implementation of European Lifelong Learning Strategies in the perspective of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate the usefulness and need to make an instrument available to European Regional Governments that helps to understand and evaluate the educational conditions of the regional population when compared with other regions. The Report shows how, over the decade, all the Regional Governments have undertaken to adapt training systems to the demographic dynamics characterised by the general ageing of the population and by migratory phenomena. Simultaneously the Report also shows the need for urgent improvements in some fields where the impact of policies is still too modest and where the risk of stagnation must be dealt with (for example, lifelong learning policies and NEET reduction).
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Babar, Zahra, ed. Arab Migrant Communities in the GCC. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.001.0001.
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This volume provides a series of empirically dense analyses of the historical and contemporary dynamics of Arab intra-regional migration to the monarchies of the Persian Gulf, and unravels the ways in which particular social and cultural practices of Arab migrants interact with the host states. Among other things, specific contributions allow us to consider the socioeconomic and political factors that have historically shaped the character of the Arab migratory experience, the sorts of work opportunities that Arab migrants have sought in the region, what their work conditions and lived experiences have been, and whether we are able to discern any patterns of sociocultural integration for Arab non-nationals. Together, the contributions in this volume help unpick assumptions about the Gulf’s exceptionalism insofar as the study of global migration is concerned. Broader dynamics that undergird the causes, processes, and consequences of migration elsewhere in the world are at work in the Gulf region. Vast economic disparities, chronic political instability, linguistic and cultural affinities, and a jealous guarding of finite economic and citizenship benefits inform push and pull factors and integration possibilities in the Gulf region as they do elsewhere in the world. Recent scholarship continues to enrich our understanding of the phenomenon of labor migration to the Gulf. This book takes that understanding one step further, shedding light on one specific, and up until now largely understudied, community of migrants in the region.
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Morris, Irwin L. Movers and Stayers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052898.001.0001.
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Democrats once dominated the “Solid South.” By the turn of the 21st century, Republicans had taken control. We are in the midst of the dawning of new, more progressive era. Theories explaining Republican growth provide little guidance, but a new perspective—Movers and Stayers theory—explains this recent growth in Democratic support and the ways in which population growth has produced it. Migratory patterns play a significant role in southern politics. Young, well-educated in-migrants fostered Republican growth in the last century. Today, these increasingly progressive young, well-educated movers are growing the Democratic Party. Movers bring their politics to their new communities. Their progressivism fosters the same among long-term residents (stayers) in their new communities. But the declining communities they left show the effects of their exit. In our racialized partisan environment, white stayers respond to the threat of declining communities by shifting to the right and identifying with the Republican Party. Conversely, African Americans respond to community threat by maintaining their progressivism. Few Latinos live in declining communities; Latino stayers in fast growing communities become more Democratic. While movers of retirement age are more conservative than younger movers, they are more liberal than those who retire in place—not quite the demographic windfall Republicans in aging areas have hoped for. These dynamics are altering the southern political landscape, and differences between growing areas and declining areas are accelerating. Absent a wholesale reinvention of southern politics along the lines of class or (possibly) age, the current partisan trajectory does not bode well for Republicans. The COVID-19 pandemic will not change that.
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Baobaid, Mohammed, Lynda Ashbourne, Abdallah Badahdah, and Abir Al Jamal. Home / Publications / Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137983.
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The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.
Book chapters on the topic "Migratory dynamics"
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Cunha, Luiza Ribeiro Alves, Joaquim Rocha dos Santos, and Adriana Leiras. "Disaster Influencing Migratory Movements: A System Dynamics Analysis." In Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78570-3_20.
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Holmgren, Noél. "Coupled Dynamics of Lemmings and Long-Distance Migratory Birds." In Biological Resources and Migration. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06083-4_22.
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Antonov, A. G., and V. E. Kambulin. "Forecasting seasonal dynamics of the Asiatic migratory locust using the Locusta migratoria migratoria — Phragmites australis forecasting system." In New Strategies in Locust Control. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9202-5_11.
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Jardón Hernández, Ana Elizabeth. "Changes and Continuities in the International Migratory Dynamics of Las Vueltas: Transition Toward a New Migratory Phase?" In International Migration and Crisis. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43898-6_3.
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Haag, Günter. "Chaotic Evolution of Migratory Systems." In Dynamic Decision Theory. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0939-7_6.
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Klus, Holger, Björn Schindler, and Andreas Rausch. "Dynamic Reconfiguration of Application Logic During Application Migration." In Migratory Interactive Applications for Ubiquitous Environments. Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-250-6_7.
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Urbanek, Richard P., Eva K. Szyszkoski, Sara E. Zimorski, and Lara E. A. Fondow. "Pairing Dynamics of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes." In Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803555-9.00010-4.
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Dubos-Paillard, Edwige, Antonin Pavard, and Joël Boulier. "Methodology for the Analysis of Migratory Dynamics." In Mobilities Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 1. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78548-289-2.50018-5.
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"Multiple Identities and Migratory Dynamics of Nurses." In India Migration Report 2011. Routledge India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203085264-20.
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Kleppinger, Kathryn, and Laura Reeck. "Introduction The Post-Migratory Postcolonial." In Post-Migratory Cultures in Postcolonial France. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941138.003.0001.
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After an historical section covering the social, political, and economic dynamics shaping colonial immigration to France (from North and sub-Saharan Africa as well as from Indochina), we explain why we have chosen to develop a critical vocabulary around 'post-migratory postcolonial minorities' and to focus specifically on cultural production by writers, filmmakers, musicians, and artists whose heritage connects them to a colonial context. The introduction then considers the fundamental challenges of identification and self-identification in a context meant to be colorblind and in naming a subject of study for whom there is no consistent social vocabulary. Without dispensing with key concepts to postcolonial studies such as the centre/periphery, we assert that cross-cutting ways of understanding the cultural production at hand are needed. We connect to Françoise Lionnet and Shuh Mei-Shih’s 'minor transnationalism', which encourages transversal explorations across the local, global, national, and transnational, envisages a productive relationship between the 'major' and the 'minor', and in this case re-localizes French culture. The introduction concludes with an overview of contemporary activism (via manifestos, social media campaigns, and marches) to suggest that a range of memories and experiences contribute to and influence what it means to be French today.
Conference papers on the topic "Migratory dynamics"
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Sharma, Puja, Kevin Sheets, and Amrinder S. Nain. "The Influence of Polymeric Fiber Stiffness and Alignment on Cytoplasmic Bleb Dynamics and Migration of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80923.
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Cell migration is a tightly regulated phenomenon necessary for regular physiologic processes such as wound healing, immune response, embryonic development, growth, and regeneration [1–3]. Consequences of abnormal migratory behaviors include autoimmune diseases and metastasis during cancer progression [4, 5]. Described as one of the hallmarks of cancer, metastasis is a complex multistep process, and is responsible for 90% of cancer deaths in humans. A better understanding of the process of metastasis is of paramount importance in developing efficient cancer treatment therapies and drugs [6].
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Sharma, Puja, Brian Koons, and Amrinder S. Nain. "Blebbing Dynamics, Single Cell Force Measurements, and the Influence of Cytochalasin D on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Using STEP Fibers." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93105.
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Classified as a grade IV tumor of the central nervous system, Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) arises from the glia. A poor understanding of tumor metastasis and limited treatment options have led to increase in deaths of patients suffering from GBM. Studying glioma behavior using aligned structures that mimic native glioblastoma metastatic path is challenging. In this study, we utilize a previously described non-electrospinning platform to manufacture aligned 3D structures called STEP nanonets that not only allows the study of individual cell-nanofiber interaction, but also allows the calculation of migratory forces using beam mechanics. In particular, the blebbing dynamics, force generation, and the effect of an actin disruptor, Cytochalasin D have been investigated on a glioma cell line (DBTRG, Denver Based Tumor Research Group). It was observed that cell pulled onto the nanofibers causing measurable deflections when they were in spread and non-blebbing conditions. In non-spread configurations while attached to fibers, the cells acquired spherical configurations and resumed blebbing. The average migratory force generated by cells exposed to DMSO (control, 1:1000 dilution) using nanonets of 2μm by 400nm fibers was 0.58±0.06nN. Actin disruptor, Cytochalasin D severely compromised the ability of the glioma cells to migrate causing no deflection of the fibers. Forces exerted by tumor cells on their native microenvironment affects their ability to metastasize, invade and proliferate. While the result presents actin disruptor as a potential target to minimize metastasis, the influence of other cytoskeleton disruptors can also be studied using the platform. Moreover, the results obtained from the study can be utilized to better understand the individual cell – nanofibers interaction which can shed light on how cells interact with their native environment during metastasis.
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Kelly, Bethany, Kenny Nguyen, Zach Miles, et al. "Exploring Design Trades to Extend Useful Life of Platform Terminal Transmitters on Sea Turtles." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97473.
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Abstract Satellite-linked platform terminal transmitters (PTTs) are important tools for conducting research of sea turtles in their marine habitats. Appropriate conservation actions can be identified using PTTs, mounted to the top of sea turtles’ shells, to collect information about migratory routes and habitat usage. However, there is concern that PTTs introduce hydrodynamic drag that may bias natural sea turtle behavior, making the migratory and habitat data inaccurate representations of the “untagged” population. PTTs also have limited attachment durations, hypothesized to be caused by hydrodynamic loading and shell expansion during growth. The aim of this research is to investigate the hydrodynamic drag induced by PTTs on juvenile hard-shelled sea turtles, with the broader goal of increasing deployment duration and minimizing behavioral effects. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was created to simulate the hydrodynamics of juvenile sea turtles. The drag and lift coefficients for five PTTs, virtually attached to the sea turtle model, were calculated using numerical methods. A comparison table of PTT performance is presented. The results will be used to explore PTT form factor design trades-offs that reduce hydrodynamic loading, while still meeting operational requirements. This research could enable biologists to collect data that more accurately represents the untagged sea turtle population.
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Paez, Alejandra V., Carla Pallavicini, Federico Schuster, et al. "Abstract 5058: Hitting the brakes on the migratory capacity of tumoral cells: Targeting key regulators of actin dynamics in prostate cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5058.
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Feliz, Nerea. "Temple in a House." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intlp.2016.4.
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In 2011, 15 families of the Burmese refugee community on Buffalo’s Westside collectively purchased a vacant house in Buffalo at 349 Plymouth Ave. They wanted to convert the house to a Buddhist temple and residence for three monks. ‘Temple in a House’ is an adaptive project designed in collaboration with local architect and artist Dennis Maher (University at Buffalo), which presented a significant challenge: that of trying to reconcile a very radical change of program, use, and cultural references. Beyond the project’s unique socio-economic characteristics pertaining to Buffalo, this project has global implications. Changing world demographics, as a result of different economic and migratory dynamics, are increasingly asking designers to negotiate complex cultural, social, religious, and economic systems.
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Farahat, Waleed A., and H. Harry Asada. "Control of Eukaryotic Cell Migration Through Modulation of Extracellular Chemoattractant Gradients." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4190.
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Cell migration is fundamental to a wide range of biological and physiological functions including: wound healing, immune defense, cancer metastasis, as well as the formation and development of biological structures such as vascular and neural networks. In these diverse processes, cell migration is influenced by a broad set of external mechanical and biochemical cues, particularly the presence of (time dependent) spatial gradients of soluble chemoattractants in the extracellular domain. Many biological models have been proposed to explain the mechanisms leading to the migratory response of cells as a function of these external cues. Based on such models, here we propose approaches to controlling the chemotactic response of eukaryotic cells by modulating their micro-environments in vitro (for example, using a microfluidic chemotaxis chamber). By explicitly modeling i) chemoattractant-receptor binding kinetics, ii) diffusion dynamics in the extracellular domain, and iii) the chemotactic response of cells, models for the migration processes arise. Based on those models, optimal control formulations are derived. We present simulation results, and suggest experimental approaches to controlling cellular motility in vitro, which can be used as a basis for cellular manipulation and control.
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Ushakova, V. L. "ДИНАМИКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА". У Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.24.73.012.
Full textAbstract:
В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.
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Ushakova, V. L. "ДИНАМИКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА". У Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.24.73.012.
Full textAbstract:
В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.
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Bandelloni, Renata, Giulio Mori, and Fabio Paternò. "Dynamic generation of web migratory interfaces." In the 7th international conference. ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1085777.1085792.
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Jose, John, Joe Augustine, and Sijin Sebastian. "Dynamic migratory selection strategy for adaptive routing in mesh NoCs." In 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc.2015.7314441.
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