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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory flux'
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1
Higueras Rodríguez, Virginia E. "La representación de la inmigración latina en el musical estadounidense: West Side Story e In The Heights." Latente Revista de Historia y Estética audiovisual, no. 19 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.latente.2021.19.04.
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In a country founded by European emigrants, where the migratory flux has never stopped since the first settlers arrived in the 17th Century, the immigration coming from far beyond Río Grande has always been considered as invading. Through musicals like West Side Story (1957) and In the Heights (2007), we will analyze the change of paradigm of the Latino immigration as portrait in the American musical.
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Missbach, Antje. "Asylum Seekers’ and Refugees’ Decision-Making in Transit in Indonesia." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 175, no. 4 (2019): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17504006.
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Abstract Asylum seekers and refugees currently living in Indonesia tend to see Indonesia as a transit rather than a destination country, despite the fact that their stays are increasing in length. Based on contact with Muhamad (not his real name), a young refugee from Iran currently residing in Indonesia whose adjustment and development I observed over four years, I illustrate the changing priorities in his decision-making, the constant flux of circumstances and context, and the extreme complexity of primary and secondary factors that come into play in planning for the future. Combining a macro perspective with a case study, in which I present excerpts from several life-story interviews, helps to exemplify these generic migratory challenges and distil a range of relevant parameters that influence the decision-making of asylum seekers and refugees in transit. A (self-)critical reflection on ethical and methodological challenges underpins my analysis and argument, not least because politicians and policymakers are increasingly interested in influencing migratory decision-making processes to gain political advantage. Of particular interest in my analysis is the role of Australia’s deterrence policies in asylum seekers’ decision-making. Despite the ethical challenges associated with studying migratory decision-making—as public knowledge of migration strategies can also suppress aspirations of mobility—I argue for more in-depth and longitudinal research. At the very least, this is because more intensive, yet considerate studies of decision-making will help us to take seriously the migratory aspirations of people with limited choices.
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Dang, Cong Phi, Sirapong Weawseetong, Awirut Charoensappakit, Kritsanawan Sae-Khow, Decho Thong-Aram, and Asada Leelahavanichkul. "Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Argon-Sourced Plasma Flux Promotes Wound Healing of Burn Wounds and Burn Wounds with Infection in Mice through the Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125343.
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Plasma medicine is the utilization of gas ionization that might be beneficial for the treatment of burn wounds, a healthcare problem with a significant mortality rate. Due to a lack of information on the impact of plasma flux in immune cells and a high prevalence of bacterial infection in burn wounds, non-thermal argon-based plasma flux was tested on macrophages (RAW246.7) and in mouse models of burn wounds with or without Staphylococcus aureus infection. Accordingly, plasma flux enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), using dihydroethidium assay, and decreased abundance of NF-κB-p65 (Western blot analysis) in non-stimulating macrophages. In parallel, plasma flux upregulated IL-10 gene expression (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory macrophages, while downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Additionally, plasma flux improved the migratory function of fibroblasts (L929) (fibroblast scratch assay) but not fibroblast proliferation. Moreover, once daily plasma flux administration for 7 days promoted the healing process in burn wounds with or without infection (wound area and wound rank score). Additionally, plasma flux reduced tissue cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in burn wounds with infection and promoted collagen in burn wounds without infection. In conclusion, plasma flux induced anti-inflammatory macrophages and promoted the burn-wound healing process partly through the decrease in macrophage NF-κB. Hence, plasma flux treatment should be tested in patients with burn wounds.
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Barreto, Alessandra Siqueira. "Brazilians in Lisbon: immigrant association and the meaning of urban spaces." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 8, no. 2 (2011): 480–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412011000200024.
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Immigration is currently one of the main and most important themes for analysis. Much of the migratory flux to Europe is destined for metropolises, large cities or, at least, eminently urban spaces. These spaces are privileged areas for observing the relationship between more global themes and their absorption by local practices and livelihoods. Lisbon is thus the locus of our observations of the processes of re-signification, of the creation of forms of occupation and of the use of spaces as a fundamental element in the constitution of identities. In this light, Brazilian immigrants are political actors that not only conform to urban dynamics, but who also seek to redefine them.
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Johnson, A., S. K. Lo, F. B. Blumenstock, and A. B. Malik. "CVF-induced decomplementation: effect on lung transvascular protein flux after thrombin." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 3 (1987): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.863.
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We examined the effects of cobra venom factor (CVF) on the changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and transvascular fluid and protein exchange following thrombin-induced pulmonary microembolism. Studies were made in unanesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. The animals received tranexamic acid (100 mg) to suppress fibrinolysis and were then challenged with an intravenous infusion of alpha-thrombin (80 U/kg). Control-thrombin challenged sheep were compared with the CVF-treated sheep challenged with the same thrombin dosage. CVF treatment (187 U X kg-1 X day-1 for 4 days) decreased the total hemolytic complement activity by 45% of control. Thrombin infusion in control sheep increased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and lymph protein clearance (pulmonary lymph flow X lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio, Clym). Thrombin infusion in CVF-treated sheep produced smaller increments in Ppa, PVR, and Clym. Pulmonary lymph obtained from control-thrombin and CVF-thrombin sheep induced migration of granulocytes obtained from normal unchallenged sheep. The granulocytes obtained from CVF-treated sheep responded relatively less to the migratory and O-2-generating stimuli (i.e., zymosan-treated serum, pulmonary lymph from sheep after thrombin challenge, and plasma from sheep after CVF treatment) compared with normal granulocytes. The attenuation of the thrombin-induced increases in Ppa, PVR, and lung transvascular fluid and protein exchange by CVF treatment may be the result of impaired function of granulocytes.
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Maas, Amy E., Hannah Gossner, Maisie J. Smith, and Leocadio Blanco-Bercial. "Use of optical imaging datasets to assess biogeochemical contributions of the mesozooplankton." Journal of Plankton Research 43, no. 3 (2021): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbab037.
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Abstract The increasing use of image-based observing systems in marine ecosystems allows for more quantitative analysis of the ecological zonation of zooplankton. Developing methods that take advantage of these systems can provide an increasingly nuanced understanding of how morphometric characteristics (especially size) are related to distribution, abundance and ecosystem function via a wider application of allometric calculations of biogeochemical fluxes. Using MOCNESS sampling of zooplankton near the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series and a ZooSCAN/EcoTaxa pipeline, we apply a new taxonomically resolved biomass to biovolume dataset and a suite of R scripts that provide information about the relationships between zooplankter size, taxonomy, distribution, depth of migration, magnitude of migration and biogeochemical contributions (e.g. respiratory O2 consumption). The analysis pipeline provides a framework for quantitatively comparing and testing hypotheses about the distribution, migration patterns and biogeochemical impacts of mesozooplankton. Specifically, our code helps to visualize a size-based structure in the extent of vertical migration and allow for a quantification of the relative importance of non-migratory versus migratory organisms of various size classes. It additionally allows us to quantify the error associated with various methods of calculating active flux, with size-based analysis being the most important methodological choice, and taxonomic identification being the least.
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Nonaka, Masami, Hisashi Nakamura, Bunmei Taguchi, Nobumasa Komori, Akira Kuwano-Yoshida, and Koutarou Takaya. "Air–Sea Heat Exchanges Characteristic of a Prominent Midlatitude Oceanic Front in the South Indian Ocean as Simulated in a High-Resolution Coupled GCM." Journal of Climate 22, no. 24 (2009): 6515–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2960.1.
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Abstract An integration of a high-resolution coupled general circulation model whose ocean component is eddy permitting and thus able to reproduce a sharp gradient in sea surface temperature (SST) is analyzed to investigate air–sea heat exchanges characteristic of the midlatitude oceanic frontal zone. The focus of this paper is placed on a prominent SST front in the south Indian Ocean, which is collocated with the core of the Southern Hemisphere storm track. Time-mean distribution of sensible heat flux is characterized by a distinct cross-frontal contrast. It is upward and downward on the warmer and cooler flanks, respectively, of the SST front, acting to maintain the sharp gradient of surface air temperature (SAT) that is important for preconditioning the environment for the recurrent development of storms and thereby anchoring the storm track. Induced by cross-frontal advection of cold (warm) air associated with migratory atmospheric disturbances, the surface flux is highly variable with intermittent enhancement of the upward (downward) flux predominantly on the warmer (cooler) flank of the front. Indeed, several intermittent events of cold (warm) air advection, whose total duration accounts for only 21% (19%) of the entire analysis period, contribute to as much as 60% (44%) of the total amount of sensible heat flux during the analysis period on the warmer (cooler) flank. This antisymmetric behavior yields the sharp cross-frontal gradient in the time-mean flux. Since the flux intensity is strongly influenced by local magnitude of the SST–SAT difference that tends to increase with the SST gradient, the concentration of the flux variance to the frontal zone and cross-frontal contrasts in the mean and skewness of the flux all become stronger during the spinup of the SST front. Synoptically, the enhanced sensible heat flux near the SST front can restore SAT toward the underlying SST effectively with a time scale of a day, to maintain a frontal SAT gradient against the relaxing effect of atmospheric disturbances. The restoration effect of the differential surface heating at the SST front, augmented by the surface latent heating concentrated on the warm side of the front, represents a key process through which the atmospheric baroclinicity and ultimately the storm track are linked to the underlying ocean.
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Jones, Clark A., and Lori A. Hazlehurst. "Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Modulating EMT in Cancer." Biomedicines 9, no. 9 (2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091200.
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Calcium is essential for cells to perform numerous physiological processes. In cancer, the augmentation of calcium signaling supports the more proliferative and migratory cells, which is a characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By genetically and epigenetically modifying genes, channels, and entire signaling pathways, cancer cells have adapted to survive with an extreme imbalance of calcium that allows them to grow and metastasize in an abnormal manner. This cellular remodeling also allows for the evasion of immune surveillance and the development of drug resistance, which lead to poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the role calcium flux plays in driving the phenotypes associated with invasion, immune suppression, metastasis, and drug resistance remains critical for determining treatments to optimize clinical outcomes and future drug discovery.
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Bishop, C. M., P. J. Butler, S. Egginton, A. J. el Haj, and G. W. Gabrielsen. "Development of metabolic enzyme activity in locomotor and cardiac muscles of the migratory barnacle goose." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 1 (1995): R64—R72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.1.r64.
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Preflight development of the goslings was typified by rapid increases in the mitochondrial enzymes of the semimembranosus and heart ventricular muscles resulting in near-adult values by 3 wk of age. In contrast, aerobic capacity of the pectoralis muscle initially developed slowly but showed a rapid increase between 5 and 7 wk of age, in preparation for becoming airborne. Activities of glycolytic enzymes in the pectoralis muscle showed similar patterns of development as those found for the aerobic enzymes, except for hexokinase, which was low at all ages, indicating an adaptation for catabolism of both intracellular glycogen and plasma fatty acids in preference to plasma glucose. Muscle mass specific activity of citrate synthase in the pectoralis increased by only 33% from goslings during the first few days of flight, compared with premigratory geese. Activities of anaerobic glycolytic enzymes in the ventricles were low, but values for hexokinase, which is involved in the phosphorylation of plasma glucose, developed rapidly. Values for lactate dehydrogenase were also high, reflecting the capacity of the heart to catabolize plasma lactate. Substrate flux supplied by carnitine palmitoyltransferase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGD), in the pectoralis muscles of the premigratory geese, appears to have the smallest excess capacities to meet the requirements of sustained aerobic flight. The average maximum oxygen uptake for premigratory geese during flight, as indicated by values for OGD, is calculated to be 484 ml O2/min (or 208 ml O2.min-1.kg-1).
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Takaya, Koutarou, and Hisashi Nakamura. "A Formulation of a Phase-Independent Wave-Activity Flux for Stationary and Migratory Quasigeostrophic Eddies on a Zonally Varying Basic Flow." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 58, no. 6 (2001): 608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0608:afoapi>2.0.co;2.
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Kolliker-Frers, Rodolfo A., Ivan Insua, Gabriela Razzitte, and Francisco Capani. "Chagas disease prevalence in pregnant women: migration and risk of congenital transmission." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 09 (2016): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7118.
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Introduction: Argentina has been a preferential target for Bolivian immigrants for decades. The relatively recent migratory flux includes Germany, France, the United States, Australia, Japan, and some Latin American countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women, analyzing the Bolivian-specific Chagas prevalence as the main contributor of migratory populations from Chagas disease-endemic areas to Buenos Aires city, Argentina, and to evaluate the impact of these migrant influxes on the process of the "urbanization" of the disease in reference hospital José Maria Ramos Mejia (JMRM). Methodology: Overall, 21,332 pregnant women (100%) between 15 and 49 years of age derived from the public maternity service of JMRMH were studied. Serology data was obtained from registered serological diagnosis data, consisting of three different serological tests performed at the Public Parasitology Unit. Results: Although general prevalence decreased during the analyzed period, the specific prevalence of pregnant women from Bolivian origin showed a sustained growth during 1983–2013. Solely 5% of the total pregnant women population from Bolivia contributed to one third of the total Chagas prevalence. Conclusions: This study showed that a cohort of pregnant women from Bolivia who attended JMRMH during the period 1983–2007 constituted a population at risk for congenital transmission. Increased migration from endemic areas of Bolivia might potentially increase the prevalence of Chagas disease among pregnant women. In addition, this study highlights the importance to analyze specific prevalence according to endemic areas to determine the profiles of potential hidden prevalence.
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Chinea, Jorge L. "Race, Colonial Exploitation and West Indian Immigration in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico, 1800-1850." Americas 52, no. 4 (1996): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008475.
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“Unlike some Latin American mainland societies which still contain large numbers of indigenous peoples,” Jorge Duany observed, “Caribbean societies are immigrant societies almost from the moment of their conception.” Médéric-Louis-Élie Moreau de Saint- Méry likened the latter to “shapeless mixtures subject to diverse influences.” Their population, Dawn I. Marshall reminds us, “is to a large extent the result of immigration—from initial settlement, forced immigration during slavery, indentured immigration, to the present outward movement to metropolitan countries.” Throughout their history, David Lowenthal noted, limited resources and opportunities kept West Indian societies in a constant state of flux, impelling continuous transfers of people, technology, and institutions within the area. Despite the frequency and importance of these population movements, the bulk of scholarship on American migration history has traditionally concentrated on areas favored by European settlement. Moreover, the overwhelming quantity of research on immigration to the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Brazil has tended to overshadow the study of similar processes in other American regions. Due to its historical association with the arrival of involuntary settlers, migratory currents in the Caribbean have been too narrowly identified with bondage, penal labor and indentured workers. Nowhere is the imbalance more conspicuous than in the study of trans-Caribbean migratory streams during slavery. Discussions on pre-1838 population shifts have centered largely on inter-island slave trading and the exodus prompted by Franco-Haitian revolutionary activity in the Caribbean. The parallel legacy of motion hinted by Neville N.A.T. Hall's “maritime” maroons and Julius S. Scott's “masterless” migrants has attracted noticeably less attention.
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Schnurr, Max, Tracey Toy, Patrizia Stoitzner, et al. "ATP gradients inhibit the migratory capacity of specific human dendritic cell types: implications for P2Y11 receptor signaling." Blood 102, no. 2 (2003): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-12-3745.
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AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells residing in tissues, from which they take up antigen. Activated DCs migrate through chemokine gradients from sites of inflammation to lymph nodes to stimulate T cells. At sites of inflammation, nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released by activated or dying cells and can function as signaling molecules through P2 receptors (P2Rs). We investigated P2R expression in different DC populations and the effect of nucleotides on chemokine-directed migration. Exposure of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and CD1a+ dermal DCs to gradients of ATP inhibited their migratory capacity in a dose-dependent manner. Studies using P2R agonists and antagonists implicated signaling through the P2Y11R. On maturation, MoDCs down-regulated P2Y11R expression and were less sensitive to ATP-mediated inhibition of migration. In contrast, ATP did not inhibit the migration of CD1c+ peripheral blood (PB) DCs or interleukin-3 receptor-positive (IL-3R+) plasmacytoid DCs. Although all 4 DC populations expressed mRNA for P2Y11R, calcium-flux studies showed that blood DC types were unresponsive to P2Y11R agonists. In conclusion, DCs use distinct subtypes of P2R. The formation of ATP gradients at sites of inflammation may transiently inhibit the migration of local DCs, thus prolonging the time of antigen encounter. P2R inhibition may represent a new strategy to improve the migration of antigen-loaded DCs from the vaccination site to lymph nodes.
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Nilsson, Gunnar, Judy A. Mikovits, Dean D. Metcalfe, and Dennis D. Taub. "Mast Cell Migratory Response to Interleukin-8 Is Mediated Through Interaction With Chemokine Receptor CXCR2/Interleukin-8RB." Blood 93, no. 9 (1999): 2791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.9.2791.
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Abstract To explore the role of chemokines in mast cell chemotaxis and accumulation at sites of inflammation, we first investigated the response of human mast cells to 18 different chemokines by induction of intracellular calcium mobilization in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. Only a subgroup of CXC chemokines defined by the conserved sequence motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) tripeptide motif, which included interleukin-8 (IL-8), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO), neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2), and epithelial cell–derived neutrophil activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), induced calcium flux in the cells. These observations suggested that the receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) should be expressed on the surface of these cells. Using the RNAse protection assay, CXCR2 mRNA, but not CXCR1 (IL-8RA) mRNA expression was detected in HMC-1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis documented the surface expression of CXCR2. A binding analysis performed with125I-IL-8 determined that there were approximately 3,600 high affinity IL-8 binding sites per HMC-1 cell, with a calculated kd of 1.2 to 2 nmol/L. The activity of this receptor was further explored using IL-8, which was found to induce dose-dependent chemotactic and haptotactic responses in both HMC-1 cells and in vitro cultured human cord blood–derived mast cells. These results show the expression of functional CXCR2 receptors on the surface of human mast cells, which may play an important role in mast cell recruitment during the genesis of an inflammatory response.
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Nilsson, Gunnar, Judy A. Mikovits, Dean D. Metcalfe, and Dennis D. Taub. "Mast Cell Migratory Response to Interleukin-8 Is Mediated Through Interaction With Chemokine Receptor CXCR2/Interleukin-8RB." Blood 93, no. 9 (1999): 2791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.9.2791.409k27_2791_2797.
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To explore the role of chemokines in mast cell chemotaxis and accumulation at sites of inflammation, we first investigated the response of human mast cells to 18 different chemokines by induction of intracellular calcium mobilization in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. Only a subgroup of CXC chemokines defined by the conserved sequence motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) tripeptide motif, which included interleukin-8 (IL-8), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO), neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2), and epithelial cell–derived neutrophil activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), induced calcium flux in the cells. These observations suggested that the receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) should be expressed on the surface of these cells. Using the RNAse protection assay, CXCR2 mRNA, but not CXCR1 (IL-8RA) mRNA expression was detected in HMC-1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis documented the surface expression of CXCR2. A binding analysis performed with125I-IL-8 determined that there were approximately 3,600 high affinity IL-8 binding sites per HMC-1 cell, with a calculated kd of 1.2 to 2 nmol/L. The activity of this receptor was further explored using IL-8, which was found to induce dose-dependent chemotactic and haptotactic responses in both HMC-1 cells and in vitro cultured human cord blood–derived mast cells. These results show the expression of functional CXCR2 receptors on the surface of human mast cells, which may play an important role in mast cell recruitment during the genesis of an inflammatory response.
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Kilinc, Deniz. "Crossing Borders: Turkish Asylum Policies and Displaced Syrians’ Journeys in and away from Turkey." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.472.
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In recent years, economic, political and ecological crises throughout the world have created a monumental human flux, forming new migratory routes, spaces and challenges. As a result of these movements, distinct geographical, political, and social borders are formed and crossed, giving life to unique journeys with distinct stories. The current paper presents observations from field research and a creative expression intervention (conducted in 2015–2016) with Syrian displaced people in Turkey to illustrate the mutual relationship between Turkish asylum policies and the movements of Syrian migrants in and away from Turkey. It unpacks three different routes to contextualize the ways in which the availability and the characteristics of labour shape the mobility of displaced Syrians in Turkey. In examining the movements of people and communities through the lens of political and economic dynamics, the paper argues that displaced Syrians’ mobility is largely shaped by Turkish refugee policies, which deny migrants access to legal work and condemn them to vulnerability and destitution.
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Liu, Menghan, Sarah E. Hancock, Ghazal Sultani, et al. "Snail-Overexpression Induces Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Non-tumorigenic Ductal Cells." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6 (2019): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060822.
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The zinc finger transcription factor Snail is a known effector of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that underlies the enhanced invasiveness and chemoresistance of common to cancerous cells. Induction of Snail-driven EMT has also been shown to drive a range of pro-survival metabolic adaptations in different cancers. In the present study, we sought to determine the specific role that Snail has in driving EMT and adaptive metabolic programming in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by overexpressing Snail in a PDAC cell line, Panc1, and in immortalized, non-tumorigenic human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Snail overexpression was able to induce EMT in both pancreatic cell lines through suppression of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers alongside changes in cell morphology and enhanced migratory capacity. Snail-overexpressed pancreatic cells additionally displayed increased glucose uptake and lactate production with concomitant reduction in oxidative metabolism measurements. Snail overexpression reduced maximal respiration in both Panc1 and HPDE cells, with further reductions seen in ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and non-mitochondrial respiration in Snail overexpressing Panc1 cells. Accordingly, lower expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins was observed with Snail overexpression, particularly within Panc1 cells. Modelling of 13C metabolite flux within both cell lines revealed decreased carbon flux from glucose in the TCA cycle in snai1-overexpressing Panc1 cells only. This work further highlights the role that Snail plays in EMT and demonstrates its specific effects on metabolic reprogramming of glucose metabolism in PDAC.
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Vause, Sophie. "1997-2017 : An assessment of two decades of immigration in Belgium." Quetelet Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 61–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/rqj2020.08.02.02.
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Résumé
 Aujourd’hui plus qu’hier, présenter des chiffres clairs sur l’immigration constitue une nécessité, mais également un défi. Cet article tente de démêler quelques chiffres-clés pour apporter un éclairage sur les flux récents d’immigration et d’asile en Belgique. Ces dernières années, le nombre d’entrées d’étrangers a atteint un niveau historiquement élevé. En 2017, près de 140 000 immigrations internationales ont été enregistrées. Les citoyens de l’UE représentent plus de la moitié de ces immigrations. Derrière une tendance migratoire globalement en hausse depuis la fin des années 1990, des logiques migratoires assez contrastées peuvent être dégagées. Depuis 2014 par exemple, les Français se font devancer par les Roumains dans les immigrations étrangères vers la Belgique, depuis lors en tête de classement. Depuis plus de cinquante ans l’immigration marocaine figure parmi les principaux flux d’immigration, mais cette migration ancienne est freinée récemment par un regroupement familial rendu plus difficile. Les immigrations de Syriens enregistrées en Belgique ont par contre fortement augmenté, plaçant la Syrie dans le top cinq des pays d’origine des immigrants en 2016 et 2017.
 Abstract
 Today more than yesterday, presenting clear immigration Figures is a necessity, but also a challenge. This article aims to unravel some key Figures to shed light on recent immigration and asylum flows in Belgium. In recent years, the number of entries of foreigners in Belgium has reached a historically high level. In 2017, nearly 140,000 international immigrants were registered. EU citizens accounted for more than half of these immigrants. Behind a migration trend that has been on the rise since the end of the 1990s, contrasting migratory patterns can be identified. Since 2014, for example, the French have been more numerous than Romanians among foreign immigrants to Belgium and have been at the top of the list ever since. For more than fifty years Moroccan immigration has been one of the main immigration flows, but this long‐standing migration has recently been slowed down by family reunification, which has become more difficult. Registered Syrian immigration to Belgium has risen sharply, placing Syria in the top five countries of origin of immigrants in 2016 and 2017.
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Matsyura, О. V., та М. V. Matsyura. "МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ, ШВИДКОСТІ ТА МІГРАЦІЙНИХ ДИСТАНЦІЙ ПТАХІВ". Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 2, № 3 (2013): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20122_33.
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<p>The results of the preliminary analysis carried out by <em>Flight</em> software for White Stork and Pelican that migrate within the Mediterranean-Black Sea Migratory Route were presented. Obtained results practically coincide with experimental results and data of radar observations. Optimum speed allows the birds to fly with a higher grade soaring and shorter distance between the thermal flows. Time to find the next effective thermals (thermal flux) is reduced by increasing the speed, which in turn reduces the average rise in thermal flows, increases the risk not to find appropriate thermal. Soaring birds reduce wingspan and wing area by bending the joints of the extremities at high speeds. This reduces profile resistance and increases the inductive reactance. Profile resistance increases and the inductive reactance decreases with increasing of bird speed. Under ideal conditions the birds try to find a position of wingspan, which reduces the difference between the values of profile and inductive resistance.</p> <p><em>Key words: Flight software, migration, birds, energetic parameters, prognosis, modeling.</em></p>
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Ma, Chunyan, Chao Yi, Fang Li, et al. "Mitigation of Membrane Fouling Using an Electroactive Polyether Sulfone Membrane." Membranes 10, no. 2 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10020021.
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Membrane fouling is the bottleneck limiting the wide application of membrane processes. Herein, we adopted an electroactive polyether sulfone (PES) membrane capable of mitigating fouling by various negatively charged foulants. To evaluate anti-fouling performance and the underlying mechanism of this electroactive PES membrane, three types of model foulants were selected rationally (e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA) as non-migratory foulants, yeast as a proliferative foulant and emulsified oil as a spreadable foulant). Water flux and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency in the filtering process of various foulants were tested under an electric field. Results suggest that under electrochemical assistance, the electroactive PES membrane has an enhanced anti-fouling efficacy. Furthermore, a low electrical field was also effective in mitigating the membrane fouling caused by a mixture of various foulants (containing BSA, SA, yeast and emulsified oil). This result can be attributed to the presence of electrostatic repulsion, which keeps foulants away from the membrane surface. Thereby it hinders the formation of a cake layer and mitigates membrane pore blocking. This work implies that an electrochemical control might provide a promising way to mitigate membrane fouling.
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Ruiz-Iglesias, Ainhoa, and Santos Mañes. "The Importance of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier in Cancer Cell Metabolism and Tumorigenesis." Cancers 13, no. 7 (2021): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071488.
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Pyruvate is a key molecule in the metabolic fate of mammalian cells; it is the crossroads from where metabolism proceeds either oxidatively or ends with the production of lactic acid. Pyruvate metabolism is regulated by many enzymes that together control carbon flux. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is responsible for importing pyruvate from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix, where it is oxidatively phosphorylated to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and to generate intermediates used in multiple biosynthetic pathways. MPC activity has an important role in glucose homeostasis, and its alteration is associated with diabetes, heart failure, and neurodegeneration. In cancer, however, controversy surrounds MPC function. In some cancers, MPC upregulation appears to be associated with a poor prognosis. However, most transformed cells undergo a switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, the so-called Warburg effect, which, amongst other possibilities, is induced by MPC malfunction or downregulation. Consequently, impaired MPC function might induce tumors with strong proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities. Moreover, glycolytic cancer cells secrete lactate, acidifying the microenvironment, which in turn induces angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and the expansion of stromal cell populations supporting tumor growth. This review examines the latest findings regarding the tumorigenic processes affected by MPC.
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Štulović, Marija, Aleksandar Mihajlović, Zoran Anđić, Marija Korać, and Željko Kamberović. "Positive synergistic effect of the reuse and the treatment of hazardous waste on pyrometallurgical process of lead recovery from waste lead-acid batteries." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 20, no. 3 (2014): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1403171s.
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Modification and optimization of the pyrometallurgical process of lead recovering from the waste lead-acid batteries have been studied in this paper. The aim of this research is to develop a cleaner production in the field of the secondary lead metallurgy. Lead smelting process with the addition of flux (sodium(I)-carbonate) and reducing agents (coke, iron) has been followed. The modified smelting process with the addition of hazardous waste (activated carbon) as alternative reducing agents has shown positive results on the quality of the secondary lead, the generated slag and the process gases. Filtration efficiency of the gases, the return of baghouse dust to the process and use of oxygen burners have positive effect on the environment protection and energy efficiency. Optimization of the recycling process has been based on the properties of the slag. Stabilization of slag is proposed in the furnace with addition of waste dust from the recycling of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors. Phosphorus compounds from dust reduce leachability of toxic elements from the generated slag. Reduction the slag amount and its hazardous character through the elimination of migratory heavy metals and valorization of useful components have been proposed in the patented innovative device - cylindrical rotating washer/separator.
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Chen, Monica C., Jeffrey Goliger, Nigel Bunnett, and Andrew H. Soll. "Apical and basolateral EGF receptors regulate gastric mucosal paracellular permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 2 (2001): G264—G272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.2.g264.
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Previous studies found that monolayers formed from canine oxyntic epithelial cells in primary culture displayed remarkable resistance to apical acidification and both mitogenic and migratory responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment. In our present studies, we found that EGF increased transepithelial resistance (TER) but not short-circuit current in these monolayers. Parallel effects of EGF on decreasing mannitol flux and increasing TER implicate direct regulation of paracellular permeability. EGF acting at either apical and basolateral receptors rapidly increased TER, but the apical response was sustained whereas the basolateral response was transient. 125I-labeled EGF binding revealed specific apical binding, but receptor numbers were 25-fold lower than on the basolateral surface. Both apical and basolateral EGF activated tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors (EGFR), β-catenin, and cellular substrate as evident on confocal microscopy. Although apical EGF activated a lesser degree of receptor autophosphorylation than basolateral EGF, phosphorylation of β-catenin was equally prominent with apical and basolateral receptor activation. Together, these findings indicate that functional apical and basolateral EGFR exist on primary canine gastric epithelial cells and that these receptors regulate paracellular permeability. The sustained effect of apical EGFR activation and prominent phosphorylation of β-catenin suggest that apical EGFR may play a key role in this regulation.
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Wiltschko, Wolfgang, and Roswitha Wiltschko. "Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: the behaviour of European robins,Erithacus rubecula, under monochromatic light of various wavelengths and intensities." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 19 (2001): 3295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.19.3295.
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SUMMARYTo investigate how magnetoreception is affected by the wavelength and intensity of light, we tested European robins, Erithacus rubecula, under monochromatic lights of various wavelengths at two intensities using oriented behaviour as an indicator of whether the birds could derive directional information from the geomagnetic field. At a quantal flux of 7×1015 quanta s–1 m–2, the birds were well oriented in their migratory direction east of North under 424 nm blue, 510 nm turquoise and 565 nm green light, whereas they were disoriented under 590 nm yellow light. Increasing the intensity of light at the same wavelengths more than sixfold to 43×1015 quanta s–1 m–2 resulted in a change in behaviour: under bright blue and green light, the birds now showed a preference for the East–West axis, with the majority of headings at the western end; under bright turquoise light, they oriented unimodally towards a direction slightly west of North. Under bright yellow light, the birds continued to be disoriented.These findings suggest a rather complex relationship between the receptors involved in magnetoreception. Magnetoreception appears to follow rules that are different from those of vision, suggesting that light-dependent magnetoreception may involve receptors and neuronal pathways of its own.
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Gophen, Moshe. "Effects of Climate Conditions on TP Outsourcing in Lake Kinneret (Israel)." Climate 9, no. 9 (2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9090142.
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Since the mid-1980s, significant changes in climate conditions have occurred, and trends of dryness in the Kinneret drainage basin have been documented, including a temperature increase and precipitation decline. The precipitation decline, and consequently the reduction in river discharge, resulted in a decrease in TP (total phosphorus) flux into Lake Kinneret. After the drainage of the Hula natural wetlands and old Lake Hula during the 1950s, the ecological characteristics of the Hula Valley were modified. Nutrient fluxes downstream into Lake Kinneret were therefore predicted. The impacts of climate conditions (precipitation and discharge) on TP (total phosphorus) outsourcing through erosive action are significant: higher and lower discharge enhances and reduces TP load, respectively. The total TP flushing range from the Hula Valley peat soil through the subterranean medium and where TP is directed are not precisely known but are probably outside Lake Kinneret. Most runoff water and mediated TP originates from bedrock through erosive action. Long-term records of TP concentrations in headwaters and potential resources in the Hula Valley confirmed the significant influence of climate conditions on the outsourcing of TP capacity. The impacts of agricultural development, external fertilizer loads and migratory cranes in the winter are probably insignificant.
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Cooter, Ellen J., Jenise Swall, and Robert Gilliam. "Comparison of 700-hPa NCEP-R1 and AMIP-R2 Wind Patterns over the Continental United States Using Cluster Analysis." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 11 (2007): 1744–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1527.1.
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Abstract Clustering techniques are adapted to facilitate the comparison of gridded 700-hPa wind flow patterns spanning the continental United States. A recent decade (1985–94) of wind component data has been extracted from two widely used reanalysis datasets: NCEP-R1 and the NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, phase two (AMIP-R2). Metrics and measures are identified that facilitate the identification and comparison of large-scale wind flow. Comparison of the cluster results reveals dominant wind patterns common to both datasets as well as three types of reanalysis model differences: 1) relatively minor numerical differences; 2) differences produced by model corrections or parameterization changes, such as snow mask, snow depth, and moisture flux; and 3) systematic differences, such as orography, overocean radiation fluxes, and overocean data assimilation. A second analysis examines the frequency of 700-hPa wind patterns associated with key ozone-season (May–September) synoptic settings. Association of 1990–94 daily maximum 1-h ozone levels with these patterns across the United States follows documented meteorological dependencies. Above-average ozone levels in the Midwest and mid-Atlantic are associated with transitional anticyclone and easterly flow synoptic patterns (39.2% of ozone-season days) while above-average ozone levels across the southern United States are associated with the westward extension of the Bermuda high circulation (14.8% of ozone-season days). Below-average ozone levels throughout most of the eastern United States are associated with frontal passages and migratory anticyclones (29.6% of ozone-season days).
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Nakayama, Morio, Hisashi Nakamura, and Fumiaki Ogawa. "Impacts of a Midlatitude Oceanic Frontal Zone for the Baroclinic Annular Mode in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Climate 34, no. 18 (2021): 7389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0359.1.
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AbstractAs a major mode of annular variability in the Southern Hemisphere, the baroclinic annular mode (BAM) represents the pulsing of extratropical eddy activity. Focusing mainly on subweekly disturbances, this study assesses the impacts of a midlatitude oceanic frontal zone on the BAM and its dynamics through a set of “aquaplanet” atmospheric general circulation model experiments with zonally uniform sea surface temperature (SST) profiles prescribed. Though idealized, one experiment with realistic frontal SST gradient reasonably well reproduces observed BAM-associated anomalies as a manifestation of a typical life cycle of migratory baroclinic disturbances. Qualitatively, these BAM features are also simulated in the other experiment where the frontal SST gradient is removed. However, the BAM-associated variability weakens markedly and shifts equatorward, in association with the corresponding modifications in the climatological-mean storm track activity. The midlatitude oceanic frontal zone amplifies and anchors the BAM variability by restoring near-surface baroclinicity through anomalous sensible heat supply from the ocean and moisture supply to cyclones, although the BAM is essentially a manifestation of atmospheric internal dynamics. Those experiments and observations further indicate that the BAM modulates momentum flux associated with transient disturbances to induce a modest but robust meridional shift of the polar-front jet, suggesting that the BAM can help maintain the southern annular mode. They also indicate that the quasi-periodic behavior of the BAM is likely to reflect internal dynamics in which atmospheric disturbances on both subweekly and longer time scales are involved.
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Paluma, Thiago, and Bianca Guimarães Silva. "Os reflexos jurídicos do fluxo migratório Haitiano / Les réflexes juridiques du flux migratoire haïtien." Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia 47, no. 1 (2019): 348–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rfadir-v47n1a2019-48551.
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O paradigma central da política migratória brasileira passou por uma ressignificação no período de 1980 a 2017 impulsionado, principalmente, pela mudança do perfil do imigrante que busca o Brasil como país de destino. Antes da chegada dos imigrantes haitianos, após o terremoto que acometeu o Haiti em 2010, a legislação possuía um caráter conservador e excludente. Contudo, a partir das demandas por regularização e direitos, a legislação assumiu um caráter mais acolhedor, sobretudo, com a institucionalização do visto humanitário. Deste modo, este artigo examina se a legislação migratória foi atualizada em virtude das demandas originadas com o fluxo migratório haitiano e quais os seus reflexos. O presente texto tem como objetivo discutir esse cenário através da análise histórica da política nacional migratória, bem como mediante o debate acerca da terminologia sobre os deslocados ambientais. Por fim, observar-se-á que a lacuna normativa, que impulsionou a atuação administrativa (com o visto humanitário), culminou, posteriormente, na criação da lei 13.445/17. Portanto, a partir do estudo bibliográfico e da análise estatísticas buscar-se-á demonstrar os impactos e desafios desse fenômeno.
 
 Abstract: Le paradigme central de la politique migratoire brésilienne a subi une nouvelle signification au cours des années de 1980 a 2017 surtout grâce à le phénomène de changement du profil migratoire qui cherche le Brésil comme pays de destination. Avant l’arrivée des immigrants haïtiens, à la suíte du séisme qui a frappé Haïti en 2010, la loi migratoire brésilienne avait caractéristiques discriminatoire et stigmatisante. Cependant, des exigences en matière de régularisation et de droits, la législation a pris un caractère plus accueillant, principalement avec l’institutionnalisation du visa humanitaire. De cette manière, cet article examine si la législation migratoire a été mise à jour en raison des demandes découlant du flux migratoire haïtien. La recherche vise à examiner ce scénario par l'analyse historique de la politique migratoire nationale, ainsi que par le débat sur la terminologie relative aux personnes déplacées par l'environnement. Enfin, on observera que le fossé normatif à l'origine de l'action administrative (avec le visa humanitaire) a abouti plus tard à la création de la loi 13.445/17. Le présent texte vise donc à examiner ce scénario à partir de l’étude bibliographique et de l’analyse statistique démontrant les impacts et les défis de ce phénomène.
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Koff, Harlan. "Policy coherence for development and migration: Analyzing US and EU policies through the lens of normative transformation." Regions and Cohesion 7, no. 2 (2017): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2017.070202.
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The European Union’s (EU) 2015–2016 “migration/asylum crisis” gave discussions over the relationships between migration, security and development renewed prominence in global affairs. In response to record migratory flows, the EU, like the United States (US), has implemented security responses to migration aimed at protecting territorial integrity. This article addresses the migration–security–development nexus through the lens of policy coherence for development (PCD). It compares EU and US migration policies within the framework of the “transformative development” associated with the Sustainable Development Goals. It contends that these donors have undermined transformative development through the regionalization of development aid, which has contributed to the securitization of both development and migration policies. Thus, the article contends that new mechanisms for change need to be identified. It introduces the notion of “normative coherence” and proposes a potential role for regional human rights courts in fostering migration-related PCD.Spanish abstract: La “crisis migratoria” de la Unión Europea (UE) del 2015–2016 arrojó discusiones sobre las relaciones entre migración, seguridad y desarrollo renovando su prominencia en los asuntos globales. La UE, como los Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU), ha implementado respuestas de seguridad a la migración dirigidas a proteger la integridad territorial. Este artículo se dirige al nexo entre migración, seguridad y desarrollo a través de la lente de la coherencia de políticas públicas para el desarrollo (CPD). Compara las políticas migratorias de UE y EE.UU dentro del marco del “desarrollo transformativo” asociado con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Sostiene que estos donantes han socavado el desarrollo transformativo mediante la regionalización de la ayuda al desarrollo, el cual ha contribuido a incorporar aspectos de seguridad. Así, el artículo sostiene que se requiere identificar nuevos mecanismos para el cambio. Se introduce la noción de “coherencia normativa” y propone el rol potencial de cortes regionales de derechos humanos para promover CPD relacionadas a la migración.French abstract: La crise migratoire 2015-2016 de l’Union Européenne (UE) a replacé les discussions en matière de migration, de sécurité et de développement dans une perspective globale renouvelée. En réponse aux flux sans précédent, l’UE tout comme les Etats-Unis (EU) ont développé des réponses sécuritaires, destinées à protéger leur intégrité territoriale. Cet article évoque la connexion entre la migration, la sécurité et le développement à travers l’optique de la cohérence des politiques publiques pour le développement (CPD). Il compare les politiques migratoires de l’UE et des EU à partir du cadre du « développement transformateur » associé aux ODD. Il révèle que ces donateurs ont saboté le développement transformateur à travers la régionalisation de l’aide au développement, ce qui a contribué à octroyer un impératif sécuritaire. Ainsi, l’article soutient que de nouveaux mécanismes doivent être identifiés. Il introduit la « cohérence normative » et propose un rôle potentiel pour les Cours régionales des droits humaines dans la perspective de promouvoir la CPD en matière de migration.
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Sampe, Takeaki, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Mapping High Sea Winds from Space: A Global Climatology." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88, no. 12 (2007): 1965–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-88-12-1965.
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High winds at sea are feared by sailors, but their distribution is poorly known because ships have avoided them as much as possible. The accumulation of spaceborne scatterometer measurements now allows a global mapping of high winds over the ocean. Seven years of Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) data gathered since July 1999 show that high-wind events, defined as wind speeds greater than 20 m s−1 (“strong gale” and higher on the Beaufort scale), mostly happen in winter. Over coastal regions, land orography is the major cause of high winds, forcing wind jets of various types. Over the open ocean, high winds tend to be collocated with the extratropical storm tracks, along which migratory low and high pressure systems travel eastward. In comparison, tropical cyclones do not leave a strong signature in the climatology of high-wind occurrence except in the western Pacific east of Taiwan. In the extratropics, sea surface temperature (SST) fronts and their meanders significantly change the frequency of high-wind events. For example, high winds occur twice as often (or more) over the warmer than the colder flank of the Gulf Stream, and over the poleward than equatorward meanders of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The collocation of frequent high winds and SST frontal zones is not a mere coincidence because SST gradients anchor storm tracks, which in turn sustain the surface westerlies against friction with lateral heat and momentum flux. Both the high mean speed and large variance of wind increase the probability of high winds. Implications for navigation safety and oceanographic and climate research are discussed.
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Palmi, Chiara, Grazia Fazio, Ilaria Brunati, et al. "TEL-AML1 Affects the Regulation of Cytoskeleton and Causes Alteration In Cellular Adhesive and Migratory Properties In An In Vitro Model of Pre-Leukemia." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3624.3624.
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Abstract Abstract 3624 Introduction: The t(12;21) chromosome translocation generating TEL-AML1 chimeric fusion gene is a frequent initiating event in childhood leukaemia. Its impact is to generate a clone of covert, clinically silent pre-leukemic B cell progenitors. The leukemia arises only following second, post-natal hit/genetic events occurring years later. Moreover, relapse of leukemia is frequently arising from the pre-leukemic clone. Aim of our study is to investigate how TEL-AML1 expression can sustain this covert condition for many years. In a recent paper we described that the fusion gene rendered the B precursors resistant to the inhibitory activity of TGFbeta. Here we want to inquire into other factors that can explain the positive selection of the pre-leukemic clones over the normal counterpart. In particular, given the importance of the interaction with the microenvironment for survival signals for normal and leukemic stem cells, we question if the fusion gene causes changes in cellular adhesive and migratory properties. Methods: the study was performed by using two different models: i) a TEL-AML1 inducible expression system on the murine pro-B Ba/F3 cell line and ii) murine primary B lymphocytes (pre-BI cells) isolated from fetal liver, stably transduced with the pMIGR1-TEL-AML1-IRES-GFP construct. Gene expression assays were performed by using TaqMan (Applied Biosystems) and PCR Array technologies (SABioscences). Results: The expression of TEL-AML1 in Ba/F3 cell line causes over-expression of genes regulators of the cytoskeleton, specifically involved in cellular movement and in the regulation of actin dynamics. This gene expression alteration results in changes in the cellular morphology and phenotype: the cells acquire long extensions and several molecules involved in cell adhesion and migration are disregulated. Moreover, the TEL-AML1 positive cells present an increased ability to adhere to the ICAM1 substrate, but they also show a significant defect in the chemotactic response to CXCL12 in transwell migration assays in vitro, although the expression and the recycling of CXCR4 receptor are unaffected. This inability is not due to defects to migrate in general, as spontaneous motility is enhanced, but it is associated with a defect in CXCR4 signaling. In particular, CXCL12 calcium flux and ERK phosphorylation were inhibited. Those results have been confirmed in murine PreBI primary cells. Conclusions: in our murine models, TEL-AML1 affects the cytoscheleton regulation and causes alteration in cellular adhesive and migratory properties. We are now investigating how these alterations can give advantages to the pre-leukemic cells in the pathogenesis of TEL-AML1–expressing leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Pruss, Maximilian, Annika Dwucet, Michal Hlavac, et al. "CBMT-35. METABOLIC REWIRING BY ONC201/TIC10 AND 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE HAS SYNERGISTIC ANTI-GLIOBLASTOMA ACTIVITY." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi40—vi41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.157.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Metabolic dysregulation is a common feature of cancers such as primary brain malignancies. In this work we examined whether a rewiring of the metabolome by a multi-targeting approach would induce enhanced anti-neoplastic activity in glioblastoma. METHODS Preclinical testing of a combined treatment with ONC201/TIC10 and 2-Deoxyglucose was performed in established and primary cultured glioblastoma cells. Extracellular flux analysis was used to determine real-time effects on OXPHOS (OCR) and glycolysis (ECAR). Expression of respiratory chain complexes was analysed by Western blotting. Biological effects on tumor formation were tested in patient-derived model systems on the chorion allantoic membrane (CAM). Protein array analyses were performed to determine effects on phospho protein kinase expression. RESULTS Treatment with ONC201/TIC10 leads to impaired mitochondrial respiration and a dose-dependent increase of glycolysis. ONC201/TIC10 combined with 2-Deoxyglucose, induces a state of energy deprivation characterized by a significant decrease in ATP levels. On the molecular level, pAMPK α1 was significantly up-regulated while a hypo-phosphorylation signature was noted including mTOR signaling, src family kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and PDGFR-β. As a result, synergistic anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects were observed among established and primary cultured glioblastoma cells. In addition, tumor formation on the CAM was significantly impaired following the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous treatment with ONC201/TIC10 and 2-Deoxyglucose causes a reprogramming of the metabolic circuitry and results in a synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity. Since both agents were tested in clinical trials with good tolerability, and they both penetrate the blood-brain barrier, further clinical evaluation of this therapeutic strategy seems promising.
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Murlidharan, Giridhar, Travis Corriher, H. Troy Ghashghaei, and Aravind Asokan. "Unique Glycan Signatures Regulate Adeno-Associated Virus Tropism in the Developing Brain." Journal of Virology 89, no. 7 (2015): 3976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02951-14.
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ABSTRACTAdeno-associated viruses (AAV) are thought to spread through the central nervous system (CNS) by exploiting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flux and hijacking axonal transport pathways. The role of host receptors that mediate these processes is not well understood. In the current study, we utilized AAV serotype 4 (AAV4) as a model to evaluate whether ubiquitously expressed 2,3-linked sialic acid and the developmentally regulated marker 2,8-linked polysialic acid (PSA) regulate viral transport and tropism in the neonatal brain. Modulation of the levels of SA and PSA in cell culture studies using specific neuraminidases revealed possibly opposing roles of the two glycans in AAV4 transduction. Interestingly, upon intracranial injection into lateral ventricles of the neonatal mouse brain, a low-affinity AAV4 mutant (AAV4.18) displayed a striking shift in cellular tropism from 2,3-linked SA+ependymal lining to 2,8-linked PSA+migrating progenitors in the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb. In addition, this gain-of-function phenotype correlated with robust CNS spread of AAV4.18 through paravascular transport pathways. Consistent with these observations, altering glycan dynamics within the brain by coadministering SA- and PSA-specific neuraminidases resulted in striking changes to the cellular tropisms and transduction efficiencies of both parental and mutant vectors. We postulate that glycan signatures associated with host development can be exploited to redirect novel AAV vectors to specific cell types in the brain.IMPORTANCEViruses invade the CNS through various mechanisms. In the current study, we utilized AAV as a model to study the dynamics of virus-carbohydrate interactions in the developing brain and their impact on viral tropism. Our findings suggest that carbohydrate content can be exploited to regulate viral transport and tropism in the brain.
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Reis, Mateus, Teresa Duarte, Eduardo Marques, et al. "The Increase of Brazilian Students in a Portuguese Engineering School." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 1 (2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.001_0008.
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In the last fifteen years, the number of Brazilian students in Portugal has shown an increase of more than 600%. This trend was firstly driven by Portuguese economic recovery, which included investments in university education and incentives for receiving foreign students, through the international student statute, established in 2014. In the same year, Portugal started to accept the Brazilian national exams (ENEM) for the university admission, increasing the educational migratory flux once a directly access was stablished. Moreover, other secondary reasons led to this increase, such as the opportunity to study and live in a safer country and the possibility of obtaining a prestigious foreign degree. Currently, Brazilian students represent more than 33% of the foreign students in Portugal. However, the Brazilian students are highly concentrated in the top 3 Portuguese universities, Coimbra, Lisbon and Porto. In the specific case of the University of Porto, 73% of the foreign students are of Brazilian origin, with the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) representing the largest contingent. This sharp growth in a specific group of foreign students on the engineering courses has created several important educational challenges, as the Brazilian students often exhibit higher failure rates in exams and curricular units as well as increased dropout rates when compared with Portuguese students. This is due to several factors, such as differences on the educational methodology, the quality of the high-school education, cultural differences, difficulty of adaptation and other socioeconomics aspects. The present work evaluates the causes behind the limited academic success of Brazilian students and introduces the measures and methodologies applied to the Brazilian students on the Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, and on the Integrated Master’s in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) in particular, in the pursuit of maintaining educational equality and ensuring success for all enrolled students, independently of their origin.
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Pakhomov, Evgeny A., Yasha Podeswa, Brian P. V. Hunt, and Lian E. Kwong. "Vertical distribution and active carbon transport by pelagic decapods in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 3 (2018): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy134.
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Abstract Pelagic decapods were sampled during August 2011 in the central North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Depth-stratified samples using a MOCNESS-10 (10 m2 Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System) were collected at two stations to the west and north of the Hawaiian island of Oahu: Station Kahe: 21°20.6′N–158°16.4′W and Station ALOHA: 22°45′N–158°00′W. Total decapod abundance and biomass were 4.3 ind. m−2 and 0.71 gDW m−2. While 40 decapod taxa were identified, only 22 species were sampled sufficiently to study quantitatively their vertical migrations. All species were classified into three migration groups: full migrators (6 species); partial migrators (13 species); and non-migrators (3 species). Using measured local temperature profiles along with decapod densities and published models of respiration, excretion and mortality as well as gut fullness data, the individual and total active downward carbon flux was calculated. Active carbon flux of migrating decapods ranged from 383 to 625 µgC m−2 day−1. This active flux was equal to 4.8–7.8% of passive flux at the mean nighttime residence depth of ∼711 m), 2.1–3.4% of passive flux at the mean daytime residence depth (∼262 m), and 1.5–2.4% of passive flux at the base of the euphotic zone (∼173 m). Mortality flux accounted for ∼70% of total active flux, followed by gut flux—∼18%.
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Taguchi, Bunmei, Hisashi Nakamura, Masami Nonaka, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions on Air–Sea Heat Exchanges and Storm-Track Activity as Revealed in Regional Atmospheric Model Simulations for the 2003/04 Cold Season*." Journal of Climate 22, no. 24 (2009): 6536–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2910.1.
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Abstract Influences of oceanic fronts in the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension (KOE) region on the overlying atmosphere are investigated by comparing a pair of atmospheric regional model hindcast experiments for the 2003/04 cold season, one with the observed finescale frontal structures in sea surface temperature (SST) prescribed at the model lower boundary and the other with an artificially smoothed SST distribution. The comparison reveals the locally enhanced meridional gradient of turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture and surface air temperature (SAT) across the oceanic frontal zone, which favors the storm-track development both in winter and spring. Distinct seasonal dependency is found, however, in how dominantly the storm-track activity influences the time-mean distribution of the heat and moisture supply from the ocean. In spring the mean surface sensible heat flux (SHF) is upward (downward) on the warmer (cooler) side of the subarctic SST front. This sharp cross-frontal contrast is a manifestation of intermittent heat release (cooling) induced by cool northerlies (warm southerlies) on the warmer (cooler) side of the front in association with migratory cyclones and anticyclones. The oceanic frontal zone is thus marked as both the largest variability in SHF and the cross-frontal sign reversal of the SHF skewness. The cross-frontal SHF contrasts in air–sea heat exchanges counteract poleward heat transport by those atmospheric eddies, to restore the sharp meridional gradient of SAT effectively for the recurrent development of atmospheric disturbances. Lacking this oceanic baroclinic adjustment associated with the SST front, the experiment with the smoothed SST distribution underestimates storm-track activity in the KOE region. In winter the prevailing cold, dry continental airflow associated with the Asian winter monsoon induces a large amount of heat and moisture release even from the cooler ocean to the north of the frontal zone. The persistent advective effects of the monsoonal wind weaken the SAT gradient and smear out the sign reversal of the SHF skewness, leading to weaker influences of the oceanic fronts on the atmosphere in winter than in spring.
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Castro Franco, Alexandra. "La Gouvernance des migrations: de la gestion migratoire à la protection des migrants." OASIS, no. 22 (December 19, 2015): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n22.06.
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Migrants en détresse, tensions aux frontières, crises humanitaires et peurs liées au phénomène migratoire sont devenus un refrain quotidien et médiatique dans toutes les régions du monde. En effet, le phénomène migratoire met à l’épreuve de façon très concrète et immédiate la souveraineté des états, et pose un grand nombre de questions d’ordre juridique, de difficile résolution. Cet article offre une introduction synthétique et pédagogique à la question de la gouvernance des flux migratoires et aux défis que représentent pour les états leur contrôle et la régulation. Par ailleurs, l’auteure décrit les grandes lignes des possibles scénarios qui doivent être explorés pour construiré une gouvernance des flux migratoires qui permettent d’articuler les régimes juridiques nationales et internationales pour protéger les états et les migrants, dans le cadre d’un monde globalisé.
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Jiménez Márquez, María del Pilar, and Lucila Zárraga Cano. "Impactos socioculturales del emprendedor en el polo de desarrollo turístico del estado de Quintana Roo, desde un enfoque territorial." Regions and Cohesion 7, no. 2 (2017): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2017.070204.
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*Full article is in SpanishThe objective of this article is to study the socio-cultural impact of entrepreneurs on the development of tourism in the State of Quintana Roo, which has been influenced by migratory flows throughout its 47 years of existence. This new, developing environment offers fresh opportunities and quality of life, which generate competitive advantages. The study will be based on a territorial approach that includes a heuristic perspective considering the territory as a constructed stage. Qualitative research is used, which includes an analysis of the marketers of handicrafts, and studies conducted by a research center in the State of Quintana Roo. It identifies the socio-cultural impacts of entrepreneurs, the generation of networks, and the way the territory has developed as a destination for tourism.Spanish abstract: El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar los impactos socioculturales del emprendedor en el polo de desarrollo turístico del estado de Quintana Roo, que se ha conformado por flujos migratorios a lo largo de sus 47 años de existencia. Se trata de una zona atractiva por distintos motivos en particular para personas que buscan mejorar su calidad de vida, y que al desarrollar sus actividades productivas generan diferentes ventajas competitivas. Esta investigación se plantea desde un enfoque territorial que abarca una perspectiva heurística considerando al territorio como el escenario construido. Utiliza herramientas de tipo cualitativo y desarrolla un análisis de los comercializadores de artesanías además de incorporar estudios realizados por Centros de Investigación del estado de Quintana Roo. Identifica los impactos socioculturales del emprendedor, la generación de redes y la manera en que se conforma el territorio en un destino turístico.French abstract: L’objetctif de ce travail est l’étude des impacts socio-culturels de l’entrepreneur dans le pôle trouristique de l’état du Quintana Roo, qui s’est formé à partir de flux migratoires tout au long de ses 47 années d’existence. La zone attire des gens en raison de différentes raisons dans le but d’améliorer leur qualité de vie et qui, au gré de leurs activités productives génèrent des avantages comparatifs. Cett e étude propose une perspective territoriale qui inclut une dimension heuristique fondée sur le territoire comme un lieu construit. Elle procède à partir de dispositifs qualitatifs à travers l’analyse des comerçants d’artisanat et elle s’appuie sur des études réalisées par des centre de recherche de l’état du Quintana Roo. Elle identifie les impacts socio-culturels de l’entrepreneur, le création de réseaux et comment est construit le territoire dans une destination touristique.
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Benkisser-Petersen, Marco, Maike Buchner, Arlette Dörffel, et al. "SYK Is Involved in the CD38 Signal Transduction Pathway in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2910.2910.
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Abstract B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most prevalent B cell malignancies in adults and characterized by expansion of monoclonal mature B cells. Survival and proliferation of CLL cells depends on microenvironmental contact in lymphoid organs. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 acts as an important mediator of survival, proliferation and migration signals for CLL cells, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a central element of the B-cell receptor signal transduction pathway and has additionally been shown to be involved in cytokine and integrine signaling. In this study we demonstrate direct involvement of SYK in the CD38 signaling pathway in primary CLL samples. CD38-stimulation of primary CLL cells by its ligand CD31 induced a consistent phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue Y352, the first activation site that releases SYK from its autoinhibitory conformation (p<0.001). SYK downstream targets AKT (p<0.05) and ERK (p<0.05) were subsequently induced and prolonged CD38-stimulation increased MCL-1-expression (p<0.05). Concomitant inhibition of SYK with the SYK inhibitor R406 resulted in inhibition of AKT- and ERK-activation (p<0.05 and p<0.01) and prevented upregulation of MCL-1 (p<0.01). Moreover, we observed SYK-dependent enhancement of BCR-signaling after CD38 ligation. Short-term exposure of CLL cells to CD31 led to an increase of ERK-phosphorylation after BCR-engagement by 41.9% (p<0.05). This effect was completely abolished by concomitant R406-treatment (p<0.05). Additionally, we observed a SYK-dependent increase of Ca2+-flux in response to BCR-stimulation after previous CD38 activation. Moreover, preliminary experiments show that prolonged CD38-stimulation led to a SYK-dependent increase of baseline Ca2+-flux in CLL cells, indicating a potential involvement of CD38 in autonomous BCR-signaling. CD38 acts as an enhancer of migratory stimuli in CLL cells. We therefore analysed, whether SYK is also involved in this interaction process. CXCL12-dependent migration was increased by CD38 stimulation with the agonistic CD38 antibody IB4 by 28.3% (p=0.12). Treatment of CLL cells with R406 completely inhibited IB4-mediated migration (p<0.01). The expression of CD38 is regulated by a variety of mechanisms, including CD40 ligation. SYK is involved in CD40 signaling. We therefore tested, whether SYK-inhibition affects CD38-expression. Stimulation of CLL cells with recombinant CD40L resulted in a significant increase of CD38-expression (p<0.05). This effect was reversed by concomitant SYK-inhibition (p<0.01). In addition, we observed marked down-regulation of CD38 surface-expression (p<0.05) and mRNA-expression (p<0.05) for CLL cells treated with SYK-inhibitors R406 or P505-15 compared to vehicle control. This effect is at least partly based on transcriptional inhibition of CD38-regulators NF-kB (p<0.05) and E2A (p<0.05). Finally, we observed a clear correlation between CD38 expression on CLL cells and SYK-inhibitor efficacy (p<0.01). In conclusion, our data show that SYK acts as a central downstream effector of CD38 signaling regulating survival-, proliferation-, and migration pathways in CLL and also functions as a strong regulator of CD38 expression. The interaction of CD38 and SYK involves the BCR pathways, where CD38 enhances the response to BCR-stimulation and, moreover, may act as an enhancer of autonomous BCR-signaling in CLL. Additionally, the CD38-SYK interaction involves BCR-independent microenvironmental pathways as shown for CD40 and CXCL12. CD38 expression not only serves as a negative prognostic marker but has also been shown to possess biological significance in CLL. We therefore propose that disruption of the CD38-SYK axis may represent a promising therapeutic option in CLL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Peressini, Mauro. "Stratégies migratoires et pratiques communautaires : les Italiens du Frioul." Articles 25, no. 3 (2005): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056114ar.
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L'article traite du processus migratoire des Frioulans arrivés au Québec dans le second après-guerre. Les pratiques migratoires sont abordées sous l'angle d'une stratégie de vie globale et en relation avec les conditions socio-économiques prévalant dans la région d'origine. De 1946 à 1965, l'instabilité socio-économique, provoquée par un important flux migratoire, resserre les liens communautaires du groupe frioulan de Montréal. Après cette date, une stratégie à caractère familial, renforcée du conflit des générations, entraîne un net désengagement social. La recherche utilise un corpus de vingt et un récits de vie, analysés en parallèle avec des données statistiques sur le Frioul et l'immigration italienne au Québec.
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Benamar, Jamal, and Abid Ihadiyan. "Le Maroc face aux nouveaux flux migratoires." Barataria. Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales, no. 21 (October 31, 2016): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20932/barataria.v0i21.292.
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La migration irrégulière ou illégale, alimentée ces dernières années par un flux massif de subsahariens qui partent du Nord de l’Afrique, y compris le Maroc, et à destination de l’Europe (Espagne et Italie comme points d’entrée privilégiés) commence à prendre des dimensions alarmantes et parfois dramatiques, compte tenu du prix à payer en vies pour traverser la Méditerranée.
 Face à cette nouvelle réalité, le Maroc décide de réviser sa politique migratoire et d’engager des mesures législatives, institutionnelles et opératives pour donner une réponse à cette nouvelle situation pour le pays. 
 Nous analysons cette situation, à partir d’une enquête (ETF et AMERM, 2012), qui couvrit tout le territoire national, en nous nous centrons surtout sur la zone Nord du Maroc, s’intéressant aux migrants de retour et aux candidats à l’immigration irrégulière et de notre expérience dans un projet européen du programme POCTEFEX 2011-2013 auquel nous avons participé comme partenaire (Checa, 2014), on s’intéressera: au processus de control et de gestion des flux migratoires; aux principaux défis que suppose l’immigration en particulier subsaharienne pour le Maroc et aux défis et opportunités pour le Maroc devenu pays d’accueil des migrants.
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Zesseu, Claude. "Immigration et affirmation : le cas des Africains en France." Voix Plurielles 8, no. 1 (2011): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/vp.v8i1.378.
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Cet article est un tour d’horizon des questions reliées à l’immigration et à l’intégration des Africains en France, de la période coloniale à nos jours. Il retrace les dates marquantes et les réseaux du flux migratoire Afrique-France et présente une synthèse ciblée des politiques d’immigration françaises. Il engage une réflexion sur les facteurs susceptibles d’entraver ou de favoriser l’intégration et l’affirmation socio-économique et politique des immigrants africains en France.
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Nateche, F., S. Baraka, A. Lopez-Calleja, et al. "T-03 Détection de nouveaux génotypes du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis à Alger liés au flux migratoire." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 38 (June 2008): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(08)73232-3.
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CANCELA, CRISTINA DONZA. "MULHERES PORTUGUESAS NO PARÁ: números, perfis, redes sociais e visibilidade (1834-1930)." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 17, no. 29 (2020): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v17i29.773.
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O artigo analisa a imigração de mulheres portuguesas para o estado do Pará entre a primeira metade do século XIX einício do XX, observando o fluxo dessa migração, a reemigração, o perfil relativo à idade, estado civil e origem, bem como as redes sociais acionadas por aquelas que migravam. O trabalho evidencia o aumento da presença feminina no fluxo migratório nas primeiras três décadas do século XX, marcado por mulheres jovens e solteiras vindas do norte português, trabalhando como criadas, por vezes, seguindo os passos dados por um parente. Para a realização do trabalho foram levantados os registros de passaporte e as habilitações consulares. Palavras-chave: Imigração Portuguesa. Mulheres. Pará. PORTUGUESE WOMEN IN PARÁ: numbers, profiles, social networks and visibility(1834-1930) Abstract: The article analyzes the immigration of Portuguese women to state of Pará between the first half of nineteenthcentury and the beginning of the twentieth century observing the flowof this migration, the reemigration, the ageprofile, marital status and origin, as well as the social networks. The work evidences the increase in the female presence in the migratory flow in the first three decades of the twentiethcentury, marked by young and single women from the Portuguese North, working as maidsfollowing the steps given by a relative. The documents used for the analysis were Passport records and the Consular Habilitations. Keywords: Portuguese immigration. Women. Pará. MUJERES PORTUGUESAS EN PARÁ:números, perfiles, redes sociales y visibilidad (1834-1930) Resumen: El artículo analiza la inmigración de mujeres portuguesas al estado de Pará entre la primera mitad del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y observa el flujo de esta migración, la reemigración, el perfil de edad, estado civil y origen, así como las redes sociales provocadas por quienes migraron. El trabajo muestra el aumento de la presencia femenina en el flujo migratorio en las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX, marcado por mujeres jóvenes y solteras que vinieron del norte de Portugal y trabajaban como sirvientas, a veces, siguiendo los pasos dados por un pariente. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo, se encuestaron los registros de pasaportes y las calificaciones consulares. Palabras clave: Inmigración Portuguesa. Mujeres. Pará.
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Lanly, Guillaume. "Histoire de Lalo: La naissance d'une société civile transnationale." Revista Trace, no. 41 (September 5, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.41.2002.563.
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Il existe de nombreuses formes d’organisation de la communauté d’origine mexicaine aux États-Unis. Celle qui est étudiée dans le cadre de cet article, et qui est appelée association de migrants, est la plus répandue parmi les immigrés mexicains de la première génération. Il s’agit d’une variante plus formelle du réseau migratoire, qui repose principalement sur l’appartenance à une même communauté d'origine. Peu nombreuses avant la fin du programme Braceros en 1964, les associations de migrants mexicains ont connu une augmentation considérable à partir des années 1970 en parallèle avec l'augmentation du flux migratoire et l'allongement de leur durée de séjour. Si à la fin des années 1980, le nombre de clubes de Oriundos était estimé à un peu plus de 100, il y en avait 260 au milieu des années 1990 et un peu moins de 500 à la fin de la dernière décennie, répartis sur ure dizaine d'états des États-Unis.
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Soussi, Sid Ahmed. "Les flux du travail migrant temporaire et la précarisation de l’emploi : une nouvelle figure de la division internationale du travail ?" Revue multidisciplinaire sur l'emploi, le syndicalisme et le travail 8, no. 2 (2014): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027061ar.
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Cet article expose les résultats d’une étude consacrée aux impacts socioéconomiques locaux des flux du travail migrant temporaire au Canada sur la structure de l’emploi, le rapport salarial et la précarisation du travail. À l’échelle internationale, le phénomène migratoire a laissé progressivement place à celui de la mobilité temporaire, notamment à la faveur de la financiarisation de l’économie et de l’externalisation croissante des activités industrielles et de service des entreprises. S’agit-il d’un infléchissement ou d’un véritable « changement de paradigme dans la gestion des flux migratoires » ? Au Canada, cette transition, accentuée par la mise en place et l’expansion de programmes de travailleurs étrangers temporaires, soulève plusieurs interrogations. Quels liens établir entre cette expansion et la précarisation progressive de l’emploi dans les secteurs d’activité affectés par ces flux ? Dans quelle mesure ces programmes, conçus pour gérer localement les flux du travail migrant temporaire, mais qui s’inscrivent dans une dynamique transnationale, redéfinissent-ils certaines figures de la division internationale du travail ? Les réponses proposées ici sont exposées en quatre parties. La première dresse un portrait de ces programmes et de leur fonction. La deuxième livre une synthèse critique des problématiques du travail migrant temporaire dans l’analyse sociologique en se focalisant sur l’articulation dialectique entre les flux migratoires liés à l’immigration et ceux induits par la mobilité. La troisième partie examine les retombées de ce phénomène en matière de structure de l’emploi, de rapport salarial et de droits sociaux du travail. La dernière partie se focalise sur la dialectique locale/globale induite par ces flux et sur leurs impacts dans la division internationale du travail dont ils tendent à constituer une nouvelle figure. La conclusion revient sur les implications de ce phénomène sur les rapports sociaux du travail en matière d’inégalités sociales (rapports de classe, de genre et rapports ethnoculturels) ainsi que sur les interrogations politiques qu’il soulève concernant l’ambivalence du rôle de l’État dans l’encadrement institutionnel des flux du travail migrant temporaire.
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Parant, Marc. "La crise du territoire politique : migrants transitaires et frontières virtuelles (Note)." Études internationales 32, no. 1 (2005): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/704257ar.
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Avec l'expansion de la nouvelle économie mondiale, les migrations transitaires apparaissent comme un des principaux défis posés aux États-nations. Cette note se propose d'évaluer les différentes approches mises en place par les politiques, soulignant les tendances récentes de la migration transitaire et tente d'analyser l'impact de ces tendances sur la nature même de la migration. L'article souligne les éléments de continuité et de changement et questionne la capacité des États à pouvoir réguler ou limiter les nouveaux flux dans le cadre de frontières artificielles. Nous proposons des réponses futures possibles sur le défi migratoire à venir et nous nous interrogeons sur la nature même de ces changements sur les futures migrations.
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Garneau, Stéphanie, and Caroline Bouchard. "Les légitimations complexes de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur : le cas de la mobilité des étudiants maghrébins en France et au Québec." Articles 42, no. 2 (2013): 201–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1020608ar.
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Cet article offre une analyse, dans une perspective comparative France-Québec, des différentes modalités d’adhésion au processus d’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur. Il traite plus spécifiquement de l’une des dimensions de l’internationalisation des universités, les mobilités d’étudiants étrangers, en s’intéressant à des flux en importance dans ces deux sociétés d’accueil : ceux en provenance du Maroc, d’Algérie et de Tunisie. La démonstration prend appui sur des entretiens réalisés auprès de trente acteurs institutionnels, sur des données statistiques ainsi que sur des documents publics. L’article montre que les acteurs rencontrés en France et au Québec se trouvent au centre de deux tensions principales : la première, entre la logique marchande et la mission culturelle et linguistique des universités ; et la seconde, entre un objectif d’accroissement de l’accueil d’étudiants étrangers et un impératif de gestion du risque migratoire. Il présente en quoi chacune de ces tensions appelle, pour susciter leur réconciliation et l’adhésion des acteurs, des procédés de légitimation complexes. L’article éclaire ces processus de légitimation à l’aide des flux d’étudiants maghrébins dans ces deux sociétés. Il conclut sur deux catégories normatives — le « bon immigrant » au Québec et le « bon étudiant étranger » en France — qui tendent à s’imposer à travers ces opérations de pensée.
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González Yanci, M. ª. Pilar, and M. ª. José Aguilera Arilla. "Los países del este nuevo foco de emigración de la Europa actual. Su incidencia en España." Estudios Geográficos 61, no. 239 (2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.2000.i239.529.
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Los países del Este de nuevo foco de emigración de la Europa actual. Su incidencia en España. En el complejo espacio migratorio europeo, tanto los países del Este como España tienen un papel destacable. Con grandes analogías en el pasado, desde finales de los años ochenta han sufrido transformaciones, que llevan a los primeros a ser uno de los principales focos emisores de Europa, mientras que España se incorpora al grupo de los receptores. En este contexto se establece la relación entre ambos, siendo España hoy uno de los destinos de los emigrantes del Este, que constituyen un grupo con una posición intermedia en el abanico de flujos que llega al país, formado por los procedentes del primer mundo, cualificados, que cupan puestos de trabajo importantes y se alinean con la población de mayor estatus socioeconómico y los del tercer mundo, poco cualificados y que se instalan junto a los estratos inferiores, presentando a menudo caracteres de marginalidad.
 
 [fr] Les pays de l´est, nouveau foyer d'émitration de l´Europe actuelle. Incidence sur l´Espagne. Dans le complexe espace migratoire européen, aussi bien les pays de l'Est que l'Espagne ont un rôle considérable. Ayant de grandes analogies par le passé, depuis la fin des années 80 ils ont subi des transformations qui amènent les premiers à être l'un des principaux foyers d'émission de l'Europe, tandis que l'Espagne vient rejoindre le groupe des récepteurs. C'est dans ce contexte que s'établissent les rapports entre les deux, l'Espagne étant aujourd'hui l'une des destinations des emigrants de l'Est, qui constituent un groupe ayant une position intermédiaire sur l'éventail de flux arrivant au pays, formé par ceux provenant du premier monde, qualifiés, occupant des postes importants, et qui rejoignent la population ayant un plus haut statut socio-économique, et ceux du tiers monde, peu qualifiés et qui viennent rejoindre les niveaux inférieurs, présentant souvent des caractères de marginalité.
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Souza, Bruno Augusto de, and Marcelo de Mello. "BRASÍLIA, LUZIÂNIA E AS REPERCUSSÕES TERRITORIAIS DE UMA METROPOLIZAÇÃO (IN)DESEJADA." Revista Cerrados 15, no. 02 (2020): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n22017p129a144.
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O processo de transferência da capital federal do Rio de Janeiro para Brasília promoveu um expressivo fluxo migratório no território goiano. Os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) indicam que processos migratórios centrados na capital da república ainda repercutem no crescimento populacional de municípios goianos localizados no entorno do Distrito Federal. Entre os municípios goianos afetados pela construção de Brasília, Luziânia aparece de maneira destacada, pois perdeu parte de seu território para a construção de Brasília e, posteriormente, foi fragmentado para a criação de outros cinco municípios. A proximidade com Brasília fez com que conjuntos habitacionais fossem construídos em Luziânia para arrefecer a pressão por moradia no interior do Distrito Federal. Os Conjuntos Habitacionais, por sua vez, originaram três dos cinco municípios criados por meio do parcelamento do território de Luziânia e são fundamentais para o entendimento de um processo de metropolização centrado em Brasília. Este contexto marcado por fragmentações territoriais e por expressivos movimentos migratórios promoveu a elaboração de um conceito jurídico desenvolvido para possibilitar a gestão de processos de metropolização que envolvem municípios de mais de uma Unidade Federativa. Esta figura jurídica é a Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento.
 Palavras-chave: Cidade; Fragmentação territorial; Metropolização.
 
 BRASILIA, LUZIANIA AND REPERCUSSIONS OF A TERRITORIAL METROPOLIZATION (UN)DESIRED
 Abstract
 The process of transferring the federal capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia promoted a significant migratory flow in the territory of Goiás. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicate that migratory processes centered on the capital of the republic still have repercussions on the population growth of municipalities located in the vicinity of the Federal District. Among the municipalities affected by the construction of Brasilia, Luziânia appears prominently, since it lost part of its territory for the construction of Brasília and was later fragmented to create five other municipalities. The proximity to Brasília caused housing projects to be built in Luziânia to cool down the pressure for housing in the interior of the Federal District. The Housing Sets, in turn, originated three of the five municipalities created by means of the subdivision of the territory of Luziânia and are fundamental for the understanding of a process of metropolization centered in Brasília. This context marked by territorial fragmentation and by expressive migratory movements promoted the elaboration of a legal concept developed to enable the management of processes of metropolization that involve municipalities of more than one Federative Unit. This legal figure is the Integrated Development Region.
 Keywords: City; Territorial fragmentation; Metropolization.
 
 BRASILIA, LUZIANIA Y REPERCUSIONES TERRITORIALES DE UN METROPOLIZACIÓN (NO)DESEADO
 Resumen
 El proceso de transferencia de la capital federal de Río de Janeiro a Brasilia promovió un expresivo flujo migratorio en el territorio goiano. Los datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) indican que procesos migratorios centrados en la capital de la república aún repercuten en el crecimiento poblacional de municipios goianos ubicados en el entorno del Distrito Federal. Entre los municipios goianos afectados por la construcción de Brasilia, Luziânia aparece de manera destacada, pues perdió parte de su territorio para la construcción de Brasilia y posteriormente fue fragmentado para la creación de otros cinco municipios. La proximidad con Brasilia hizo que conjuntos habitacionales fueran construidos en Luziânia para enfriar la presión por vivienda en el interior del Distrito Federal. Los Conjuntos Habitacionales, a su vez, originaron tres de los cinco municipios creados por medio del parcelamiento del territorio de Luziânia y son fundamentales para el entendimiento de un proceso de metropolización centrado en Brasilia. Este contexto marcado por fragmentaciones territoriales y por expresivos movimientos migratorios promovió la elaboración de un concepto jurídico desarrollado para posibilitar la gestión de procesos de metropolización que involucran municipios de más de una Unidad Federativa. Esta figura jurídica es la Región Integrada de Desarrollo.
 Palabras clave: Ciudad; Fragmentación territorial; Metropolización.