Relevant bibliographies by topics / Migratory grasshopper

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Academic literature on the topic 'Migratory grasshopper'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Migratory grasshopper"

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Delgado, F. X., M. L. Lobo-Lima, C. Bradley, J. H. Britton, J. E. Henry, and W. Swearingen. "LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATIONS OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILLEMIN AGAINST GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS IN AFRICA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 129, S171 (1997): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm129171239-1.

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AbstractTwo isolates of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, GHA and BF, were evaluated in Cape Verde in 1991 and 1992 for infectivity to the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss), and the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire). Evaluations included laboratory bioassays and small-scale field trials. Laboratory bioassays evaluated five different formulations. Four of the formulations tested showed strong dose–response patterns and significantly higher mortality than the untreated control or carriers minus spores. All four formulations achieved high mortality levels when applied at economically feasible dose rates. The GHA and BF isolates, formulated in an oil carrier with an emulsifier, were equally infectious to migratory locust nymphs. Six different formulations of GHA were evaluated in field trials. Field trials evaluated both direct effects (treatment of field plots infested with O. senegalensis) and indirect effects (treatment of plots without grasshoppers, after which grasshoppers were introduced). In both cases, all six formulations showed good biocontrol potential. Grasshoppers exposed to treated plots up to 72 h after application exhibited comparatively high mortality levels, indicating that large numbers of spores remained viable in the field for at least 3 days. This was confirmed by analysis of the viability of conidia from vegetation samples obtained in the field following treatment. In open-plot, small-scale field trials, two different formulations (oil and clay-based) of GHA resulted in high rates of infection and approximately 45% reductions in grasshopper densities in the treated plots 7 days after application, even though density-reduction results were "diluted" by grasshopper migration into and out of the test plots. Results of the Cape Verde evaluations demonstrate that biopesticides developed from B. bassiana represent a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for grasshopper and locust control.
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Drolet, Barbara S., Melissa A. Stuart, and Justin D. Derner. "Infection of Melanoplus sanguinipes Grasshoppers following Ingestion of Rangeland Plant Species Harboring Vesicular Stomatitis Virus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (2009): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02368-08.

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ABSTRACT Knowledge of the many mechanisms of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) transmission is critical for understanding of the epidemiology of sporadic disease outbreaks in the western United States. Migratory grasshoppers [Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius)] have been implicated as reservoirs and mechanical vectors of VSV. The grasshopper-cattle-grasshopper transmission cycle is based on the assumptions that (i) virus shed from clinically infected animals would contaminate pasture plants and remain infectious on plant surfaces and (ii) grasshoppers would become infected by eating the virus-contaminated plants. Our objectives were to determine the stability of VSV on common plant species of U.S. Northern Plains rangelands and to assess the potential of these plant species as a source of virus for grasshoppers. Fourteen plant species were exposed to VSV and assayed for infectious virus over time (0 to 24 h). The frequency of viable virus recovery at 24 h postexposure was as high as 73%. The two most common plant species in Northern Plains rangelands (western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii] and needle and thread [Hesperostipa comata]) were fed to groups of grasshoppers. At 3 weeks postfeeding, the grasshopper infection rate was 44 to 50%. Exposure of VSV to a commonly used grasshopper pesticide resulted in complete viral inactivation. This is the first report demonstrating the stability of VSV on rangeland plant surfaces, and it suggests that a significant window of opportunity exists for grasshoppers to ingest VSV from contaminated plants. The use of grasshopper pesticides on pastures would decrease the incidence of a virus-amplifying mechanical vector and might also decontaminate pastures, thereby decreasing the inter- and intraherd spread of VSV.
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Wang, Yun-Ping, Xiong-Bing Tu, Pei-Jiong Lin, et al. "Migratory Take-Off Behaviour of the Mongolian Grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus." Insects 11, no. 7 (2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070416.

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Oedaleus asiaticus is one of the dominant species of grasshoppers in the rangeland on the Mongolian plateau, and a serious pest, but its migratory behavior is poorly known. We investigated the take-off behavior of migratory O. asiaticus in field cages in the inner Mongolia region of northern China. The species shows a degree of density-dependent phase polyphenism, with high-density swarming populations characterized by a brown morph, while low-density populations are more likely to comprise a green morph. We found that only 12.4% of brown morphs engaged in migratory take-off, and 2.0% of green morphs. Migratory grasshoppers took off at dusk, especially in the half hour after sunset (20:00–20:30 h). Most emigrating individuals did not have any food in their digestive tract, and the females were mated but with immature ovaries. In contrast, non-emigrating individuals rarely had empty digestive tracts, and most females were mated and sexually mature. Therefore, it seems clear that individuals prepare for migration in the afternoon by eliminating food residue from the body, and migration is largely restricted to sexually immature stages (at least in females). Furthermore, it was found that weather conditions (particularly temperature and wind speed at 15:00 h) in the afternoon had a significant effect on take-off that evening, with O. asiaticus preferring to take off in warm, dry and calm weather. The findings of this study will contribute to a reliable basis for forecasting migratory movements of this pest.
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Delgado, F. X., J. H. Britton, M. L. Lobo-Lima, E. Razafindratiana, and W. Swearingen. "FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATIONS OF LEADING ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA CAPITO SAUSS IN MADAGASCAR." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 129, S171 (1997): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm129171323-1.

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AbstractThree leading entomopathogens isolated from Madagascar's migratory locust, Locusta migratoria capito Sauss, were evaluated in field and laboratory tests. In a field trial in Madagascar in 1994, two isolates of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (SP3 and SP9) and an isolate of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (SP16) were tested against L. migratoria capito. Locusts from field plots treated with SP9 experienced 100% mortality in 8 days, a higher death rate than that found in locusts treated with M. flavoviride SP3 or B. bassiana SP16. However, locusts treated with M. flavoviride SP3 or B. bassiana SP16 had significantly higher mortality than did the untreated controls. In separate field and laboratory trials in Cape Verde in 1994, SP9 was also tested against the Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss. Oedaleus senegalensis treated in small-scale field plots with SP9 experienced 100% mortality in 8 days, a significantly higher death rate than that of the untreated controls. An extensive laboratory bioassay with SP9 revealed a dose–response for rate of mortality to O. senegalensis. Results from these trials in Madagascar and Cape Verde suggest that one or more of the Malagasy strains evaluated have good potential for biocontrol of locusts and grasshoppers.
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Isman, Murray B., Peter Proksch, and Ludger Witte. "Metabolism and excretion of acetylchromenes by the migratory grasshopper." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6, no. 2 (1987): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060205.

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Dakhel, Wahid H., Alexandre V. Latchininsky, and Stefan T. Jaronski. "Efficacy of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi, Metarhizium brunneum, Strain F52 Alone and Combined with Paranosema locustae against the Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions." Insects 10, no. 4 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040094.

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Grasshopper outbreaks cause significant damage to crops and grasslands in US. Chemical control is widely used to suppress these pests but it reduces environmental quality. Biological control of insect pests is an alternative way to reduce the use of chemical insecticides. In this context, two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 and Paranosema locustae were evaluated as control agents for the pest migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Third-instar grasshoppers, reared in the laboratory, were exposed up to fourteen days to wheat bran treated with different concentrations of each of the fungi alone or the two pathogens combined. In the greenhouse, nymphs were placed individually in cages where they were able to increase their body temperatures by basking in the sun in an attempt to inhibit the fungal infection, and treated with each pathogen alone or in combination. Mortality was recorded daily and presence of fungal outgrowth in cadavers was confirmed by recording fungal mycosis for two weeks’ post-treatment (PT). For combination treatment, the nature of the pathogen interaction (synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects) was also determined. In laboratory conditions, all treatments except P. locustae alone resulted in grasshopper mortality. The application of the pathogen combinations caused 75% and 77%, mortality for lower and higher concentrations, respectively than each of the pathogens alone. We infer a synergistic effect occurred between the two agents. In greenhouse conditions, the highest mortalities were recorded in combination fungal treatments with a M. brunneum dose (60% mortality) and with a combination of the two pathogens in which M. brunneum was applied at high rate (50%) two weeks after application. This latter combination also exhibited a synergistic effect. Exposure to the P. locustae treatment did not lead to mortality until day 14 PT. We infer that these pathogens are promising for developing a biopesticide formulation for rangeland pest grasshopper management.
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Reynolds, D. R., and J. R. Riley. "A migration of grasshoppers, particularly Diabolocatantops axillaris (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in the West African Sahel." Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, no. 2 (1988): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530001302x.

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AbstractA dense layer of large insects in windborne, migratory flight was observed by radar in the Tilemsi Valley in Mali between about 23.00 and 02.00 h on 10–11 October 1978. The volume density, height of flight, area density, displacement speed and direction, orientation and migration rate were determined for the overflying insects. Light-trap catches and radar signatures provided strong evidence that the pest grasshopper Diabolocatantops axillaris (Thunberg) contributed to the overflying layer. Other species contributing probably included Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss) and possibly Ochrilidia spp. For D. axillaris, the migration can be regarded as a search for overwintering sites by adults in reproductive diapause, and thus is an example of C. G. Johnson's Class III migration. Estimated trajectories placed the probable source areas of the overflying grasshoppers in the Gourma, about 150 km west-south-west of the radar site. Migration direction was approximately downwind, but the grasshoppers showed a degree of common orientation towards the east-south-east, which added a southwards component to their displacement. At 02.30 h on the same night, a very dense line-concentration associated with a wind-shift moved across the radar site, and insects still in flight probably became entrained in this wind convergence zone and added to the line-concentration. Other evidence of long-distance, windborne migration in D. axillaris was adduced from records of captures on ships at sea, mainly off the West African coast. The consequences of downwind displacement and concentration for grasshopper ecology and pest management are discussed. The migration behaviour of D. axillaris and other grasshopper species probably reduces migration losses by the efficient location of new habitats and forms an essential part of life-history strategies for survival in a sahelian environment.
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Chapco, William. "HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES IN THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) (ACRIDIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 3 (1991): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123417-3.

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AbstractThree subspecies of the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) are recognized by Gurney and Brooks (1959) who, on the basis of morphology and presence of intergrades in collections, do not consider the taxa sufficiently different to warrant according them species status. Present experiments show that members of distant populations, when crossed, readily produce viable and fertile hybrids of both sexes. It is, however, premature to claim that the groups are conspecific without confirmatory information on, for instance, genetic distances and mating discrimination indices. Nonetheless, it is hypothesized that these parameters are expected to have low values given the hybridization results.
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Proksch, Peter, Murray B. Isman, Ludger Witte, and Thomas Hartmann. "Metabolites of insecticidal chromenes from the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes." Phytochemistry 26, no. 8 (1987): 2227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)84688-9.

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Chapco, W., R. A. Kelln, and D. A. McFadyen. "Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes." Heredity 69, no. 6 (1992): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1992.170.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Migratory grasshopper"

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Kent, John Wellington. "Inheritance and genetic correlates of migratory tendency in the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Haase, Annely. "Nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide signalling during the development of the enteric nervous system of the grasshopper, Locusta migratoria L." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969686218.

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Kassa, Adane. "Development and testing of mycoinsecticides based on submerged spores and aerial conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for control of locusts, grasshoppers and storage pests." Doctoral thesis, Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/kassa/kassa.pdf.

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Min, Kyung-jin. "Neuroendocrine regulation of migration and reproduction in the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes fabricius." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/792.

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Jones, Nathan Thomas. "Physiological consequences of long duration flight in the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes fabricius." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2489.

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This study sought to examine the physiological correlates of migratory flight performance the North American migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with a focus on mechanisms of resource allocation, the dynamics of hemolymph proteins, their interface with immune function, and the mechanism of flight-enhanced oogenesis. The performance of long duration flights has been shown previously to be of reproductive benefit to females who make them. Examination of possible mechanisms of resource compensation for the costs of flight showed no significant increase in either feeding, mating or digestion in females who performed long duration flight. A comparison of two populations of M. sanguinipes from Arizona and Colorado showed significant variation in body size, diapause regulation as well as internal and external morphology. The two populations did not differ in taxonomic characters or in short sequences of genomic and mitochondrial DNA. The follicle cell epithelium of ovaries from M. sanguinipes was examined for its relationship to juvenile hormone III (JH III). JH III induces patency in vitro in intercellular spaces of M. sanguinipes follicular epithelium as well as the characteristic apical endocytosis at the follicle cell oocyte interface. Exogenous JH III treatment of females on day 7 in lieu of flight reduced the threshold for induction of patency to 10-7 M JH III from 10-5 M JH III. These results indicate that JH III can act as a prime to the pump of oogenesis. An HPLC/LC-MS peptidomic survey of the hemolymph of M. sanguinipes following flight performance showed the presence of and changes in serine protease inhibitors. These peptides regulate numerous protease cascades involved in reproduction and immunity which suggested that flight might have a more broad impact than previously thought. Males who performed these flights showed a higher probability of surviving a bacterial challenge. The duration of flight performance was positively correlated in males with increases in titers of the hemolymph lipoproteins apolipophorin I and hexemerin. The exchangeable apolipophorin III showed no variation in correlation with flight. Females were not affected by flight performance in terms of hemolymph protein titers or the probability of surviving a bacterial challenge. These results suggest that the lipid transport system plays an important role in the immune response of this insect.<br>text
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Haase, Annely [Verfasser]. "Nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotide signalling during the development of the enteric nervous system of the grasshopper, Locusta migratoria L. / von Annely Haase." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969686218/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Migratory grasshopper"

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Hangay, George, Susan V. Gruner, F. W. Howard, et al. "Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4618.

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Journal articles
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