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1
Trierweiler, Christiane, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Rudi H. Drent, et al. "Migratory connectivity and population-specific migration routes in a long-distance migratory bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1778 (2014): 20132897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2897.
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Knowledge about migratory connectivity, the degree to which individuals from the same breeding site migrate to the same wintering site, is essential to understand processes affecting populations of migrants throughout the annual cycle. Here, we study the migration system of a long-distance migratory bird, the Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus , by tracking individuals from different breeding populations throughout northern Europe. We identified three main migration routes towards wintering areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Wintering areas and migration routes of different breeding populations overlapped, a pattern best described by ‘weak (diffuse) connectivity’. Migratory performance, i.e. timing, duration, distance and speed of migration, was surprisingly similar for the three routes despite differences in habitat characteristics. This study provides, to our knowledge, a first comprehensive overview of the migration system of a Palaearctic-African long-distance migrant. We emphasize the importance of spatial scale (e.g. distances between breeding populations) in defining patterns of connectivity and suggest that knowledge about fundamental aspects determining distribution patterns, such as the among-individual variation in mean migration directions, is required to ultimately understand migratory connectivity. Furthermore, we stress that for conservation purposes it is pivotal to consider wintering areas as well as migration routes and in particular stopover sites.
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Marques, Paulo A. M., and Paulo E. Jorge. "Winter Latitudinal Population Age-Structure of a Migratory Seagull (Larus fuscus) Differs between Its Two Major Migratory Flyways." International Journal of Ecology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/737616.
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The migration is energy-demanding and is expected to greatly affect the distribution of individuals over the species range and condition the choice of migratory routes. We investigated the wintering distributions and migratory flyways use of geographically contiguous populations of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) and difference in population winter age structure between migratory flyways. Recoveries of metal ringed pulli from Denmark, Sweden, and Finland were used. The results showed that contiguous populations can have distinct wintering distribution patterns and migratory flyways. More importantly, we found that depending on the place of origin, the population winter distribution may or may not show a latitudinal cline in the age structure. The population migrating via the eastern Atlantic flyway (western flyway) showed a winter age-related latitudinal cline, with adults staying at more northern latitudes than immatures. In contrast, no such pattern was found in the population migrating along the Mediterranean/Black sea flyway (eastern flyway). Interestingly, immatures within the eastern population showed a more dispersed pattern of migratory bearings. Overall, our results enhance the importance of the migration flyway in shaping the age structure of populations in the winter quarters and how it may influence the effect of other factors like sexual maturation.
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Busse, Przemysław. "An Analysis of Orientation Cage Field Data – A Case Study of Headings of the Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla, at the Bukowo/Kopań Ringing Site in Poland." Ring 42, no. 1 (2020): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2020-0004.
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Abstract One of the most effective methods of studying the migratory patterns of nocturnal passerine migrants is the use of orientation cages as a supplementary procedure at ringing sites. The most comprehensive studies using orientation cages (Busse’s Flat Orientation Cage) were conducted within the SEEN network (SE European Bird Migration Network), with more than 43,000 tests performed at more than 40 ringing sites in autumn. A number of papers were published based on these data, presenting an overall pattern of passerine migration over SE Europe-Middle East-NE Africa. For more detailed analyses, it was first necessary to solve some methodical problems within case studies. The current work presents details for discussion based on data from 1338 tests of Blackcaps performed during the years 1995–2010 at a single ringing station, Bukowo/Kopań, located on the Polish Baltic coast. The birds were tested according to the standard methodology of the SEEN network (Busse 2000). The problems investigated were (1) the repeatability of heading patterns obtained in different years, (2) the linearity of the estimated arrival and departure headings, and (3) quantitative aspects of the results in the description of the heading pattern when migratory groups are found. It was determined that (1) yearly heading patterns were generally coherent and could be analysed as uniform case data; (2-1) the hypothesis that the arrival/departure heading axes are generally linear is accurate to within about one 10° sector, at least in the case of the Blackcap. This is coherent with impressions from other known data sets, but does not mean that the rule always applies to all species at every location on the migration route. In the future, this problem should be studied on a more detailed scale. It was further established that (2-2) estimating arrival and departure headings makes it possible to define migratory groups (populations) passing the study site. The direct heading estimation procedure seems to be more sensitive in identifying migratory groups than the calculation procedure. Moreover, (3-1) the calculation procedure makes it possible to estimate some quantitative properties of headings of migratory groups and define some interesting, though preliminary, number patterns of local migratory patterns; (3-2) the number relations between birds demonstrating the arrival and departure headings of the migratory group seem to be an interesting parameter for study on the distance of migration of groups within a species and, possibly, between species. This is another interesting problem that cage tests could be used to solve in the future. Finally, (3-3) knowledge about trends of individual populations passing the defined site becomes accessible only using analysis of data from orientation cages. The estimated quantitative indices discussed above could be helpful in presenting the general migratory pattern of the species on a geographical scale.
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De Wysiecki, Agustín María, Noela Sánchez-Carnero, Alejo Joaquín Irigoyen, et al. "Using temporally explicit habitat suitability models to infer the migratory pattern of a large mobile shark." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 9 (2020): 1529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0036.
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Conservation and management measures for large mobile sharks are more effective when information on migratory patterns and environmental cues are known. In the absence of long-term monitoring data or tracking programs, available information is based on occasional catch or sighting records from a variety of sources, usually constrained in space and time. This study demonstrates the utility of developing temporally explicit habitat suitability (HS) models to infer the migratory pattern of large mobile sharks. Bimonthly presence-only HS models (MaxEnt algorithm) were developed for the broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) in the southwest Atlantic based on an exhaustive collection of data records and ecologically relevant predictors. The six final models showed good predictive power and were evaluated with independent data. A migratory pattern characterized by two main displacements was inferred from the models. We show that HS models can be applied as a no-cost, desk-based alternative to infer broadscale movements of large mobile sharks. This methodology is relevant as an important first step toward informing management plans in data-poor and financially limited regions or regions under urgent conservation need.
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Wu, Chufen, Dongmei Xiao, and Xiao-Qiang Zhao. "Asymptotic pattern of a migratory and nonmonotone population model." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B 19, no. 4 (2014): 1171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.1171.
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Begemann, I., T. Saha, L. Lamparter, et al. "Mechanochemical self-organization determines search pattern in migratory cells." Nature Physics 15, no. 8 (2019): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0505-9.
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Soni, A. H., J. A. Sullivan, W. A. Herndon, and M. R. Gudavalli. "Migratory pattern of vertebral motion in the lumbar spine." Journal of Biomechanics 19, no. 6 (1986): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(86)90033-3.
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Mbaka, Godwin, Adedayo Ejiwunmi, Olusegun Alabi, and Timothy Olatayo. "Digital dermatoglyphic variation and migratory pattern of ethnic Liberians." Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6, no. 4 (2016): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.06.005.
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Chabot, Amy A., and Stephen C. Lougheed. "Integrative assessment of intraspecific diversification in Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) provides insight on the geographic pattern of phenotypic divergence and process of speciation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 99, no. 6 (2021): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0006.
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Integrated studies of the geographical, ecological, and historical factors that shape intraspecific phenotypic and genetic variation can help us to decipher the processes leading to geographic patterns of population divergence and speciation. We quantify and compare morphological and genetic variation in the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766), a broadly distributed passerine in North America with both migratory and non-migratory populations that occupy a diversity of habitats and topographies. The geographic distributions and patterns of differentiation among subspecies suggest that migration has strongly impacted population divergence, including the habit of migrating itself, but also dispersal. Patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic differentiation can be attributed to female-biased dispersal and to increased dispersal rates and distances in migratory populations. Weak phenotypic differentiation among migratory versus migratory and non-migratory populations suggest that migration may more strongly affect morphology than adaptation to local habitats. Our results generally support previous subspecific designations with two notable exceptions. We found little genetic differentiation between two subspecies (Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway, 1887 and Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus C.L. Brehm, 1854), but identify a new, distinct subspecies, which we refer to as Lanius ludovicianus centralis ssp. nov.
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Juliano, Joseph, Orlando Gil, Andrea Hawkins-Daarud, et al. "Comparative dynamics of microglial and glioma cell motility at the infiltrative margin of brain tumours." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 139 (2018): 20170582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0582.
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Microglia are a major cellular component of gliomas, and abundant in the centre of the tumour and at the infiltrative margins. While glioma is a notoriously infiltrative disease, the dynamics of microglia and glioma migratory patterns have not been well characterized. To investigate the migratory behaviour of microglia and glioma cells at the infiltrative edge, we performed two-colour time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of brain slices generated from a platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB)-driven rat model of glioma, in which glioma cells and microglia were each labelled with one of two different fluorescent markers. We used mathematical techniques to analyse glioma cells and microglia motility with both single cell tracking and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Our results show microglia motility is strongly correlated with the presence of glioma, while the correlation of the speeds of glioma cells and microglia was variable and weak. Additionally, we showed that microglia and glioma cells exhibit different types of diffusive migratory behaviour. Microglia movement fit a simple random walk, while glioma cell movement fits a super diffusion pattern. These results show that glioma cells stimulate microglia motility at the infiltrative margins, creating a correlation between the spatial distribution of glioma cells and the pattern of microglia motility.
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Burns, Michael D., and Devin D. Bloom. "Migratory lineages rapidly evolve larger body sizes than non-migratory relatives in ray-finned fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (2020): 20192615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2615.
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Migratory animals respond to environmental heterogeneity by predictably moving long distances in their lifetime. Migration has evolved repeatedly in animals, and many adaptations are found across the tree of life that increase migration efficiency. Life-history theory predicts that migratory species should evolve a larger body size than non-migratory species, and some empirical studies have shown this pattern. A recent study analysed the evolution of body size between diadromous and non-diadromous shads, herrings, anchovies and allies, finding that species evolved larger body sizes when adapting to a diadromous lifestyle. It remains unknown whether different fish clades adapt to migration similarly. We used an adaptive landscape framework to explore body size evolution for over 4500 migratory and non-migratory species of ray-finned fishes. By fitting models of macroevolution, we show that migratory species are evolving towards a body size that is larger than non-migratory species. Furthermore, we find that migratory lineages evolve towards their optimal body size more rapidly than non-migratory lineages, indicating body size is a key adaption for migratory fishes. Our results show, for the first time, that the largest vertebrate radiation on the planet exhibited strong evolutionary determinism when adapting to a migratory lifestyle.
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Terrill, David F., Charles M. Henderson, and Jason S. Anderson. "New application of strontium isotopes reveals evidence of limited migratory behaviour in Late Cretaceous hadrosaurs." Biology Letters 16, no. 3 (2020): 20190930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0930.
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Dinosaur migration patterns are very difficult to determine, often relying solely on the geographical distribution of fossils. Unfortunately, it is generally not possible to determine if a fossil taxon's geographical distribution is the result of migration or simply a wide distribution. Whereas some attempts have been made to use isotopic systems to determine migratory patterns in dinosaurs, these methods have yet to achieve wider usage in the study of dinosaur ecology. Here, we have used strontium isotope ratios from fossil enamel to reconstruct the movements of an individual hadrosaur from Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada. Results from this study are consistent with a range or migratory pattern between Dinosaur Provincial Park and a contemporaneous locality in the South Saskatchewan River area, Alberta, Canada. This represents a minimum distance of approximately 80 km, which is consistent with migrations seen in modern elephants. These results suggest the continent-wide distribution of some hadrosaur species in the Late Cretaceous of North America is not the result of extremely long-range migratory behaviours.
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Holmgren, Noel, Hans Ellegren, and Jan Pettersson. "The Adaptation of Moult Pattern in Migratory Dunlins Calidris alpina." Ornis Scandinavica 24, no. 1 (1993): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676405.
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Helwigh, Anne B., Peter Lind, and Peter Nansen. "Visceral larva migrans: migratory pattern of Toxocara canis in pigs." International Journal for Parasitology 29, no. 4 (1999): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00007-7.
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Pechmann, Joseph H. K., and Raymond D. Semlitsch. "Diel activity patterns in the breeding migrations of winter-breeding anurans." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (1986): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-167.
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Diel activity patterns in the breeding migrations of four winter-breeding anurans (Hyla crucifer, Pseudacris nigrita, Pseudacris ornata, and Rana utricularia) were examined at a breeding pond in South Carolina, U.S.A., using a terrestrial drift fence with pitfall traps. Traps were censused at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 during six 24-h periods from 1982 through 1984. Census dates were selected during which the weather was expected to remain uniformly warm and rainy throughout all four time intervals. This allowed us to separate the effect of time of day on migratory activity from the effects of temperature and rainfall. There were significant differences in migratory activity among time intervals, but no significant differences among time intervals in either mean air temperature or rainfall. Males and females of all four species migrated to and from the pond primarily during the two night intervals. The absence of daylight appears to be a necessary trigger for migratory behavior in these anurans. Temperature and moisture conditions often limit their breeding migrations, and the failure to utilize suitable diurnal weather conditions represents an additional constraint. We suggest that the observed diel pattern of migratory activity may be an adaptation to avoid visual predators.
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Li, Yiwen, Amanda A. Pierce, and Jacobus C. de Roode. "Variation in Forewing Size Linked to Migratory Status in Monarch Butterflies." Animal Migration 3, no. 1 (2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0003.
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AbstractLong-distance migration can be seen throughout the animal kingdom and can have large impacts on population dynamics and species distributions. The act of migration itself also affects the evolution of a species, as evolutionary forces select for certain characteristics in animals conducting long-distance migration. Monarch butterflies are best known for their annual migration from Canada and the northern United States to central Mexico, but some populations of monarchs have lost the ability to migrate. Previous research found that migratory monarchs had larger, more elongated wings than their non-migratory counterparts and it was hypothesized that these traits were beneficial for migration. However, Bergmann’s rule - which predicts larger body sizes with increasing latitude - could also explain this pattern as migratory populations are found at higher latitudes. To understand the role of wing dimensions in migration, we examined forewing size and shape of migratory and non-migratory monarchs from seven worldwide populations varying in latitude. Results showed that larger forewing size was indeed correlated with migratory status rather than latitude. However, migratory monarchs did not have more elongated forewing shape than non-migratory monarchs across the globe. Our study indicates that size may play a larger role than shape in long-distance migratory capability.
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Arai, Takaomi, and Nobuyuki Miyazaki. "Use of otolith microchemistry to estimate the migratory history of the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser guldenstadti." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 4 (2001): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004465.
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Ontogenic change patterns in otolith Sr:Ca ratios were examined in the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser guldenstadti in the Caspian Sea. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios fluctuated widely during the life history in accordance with the migration pattern from freshwater to brackish water habitats, i.e. all specimens exhibited a typical anadromous pattern in the ratio. Several specimens had two transition points in otolith Sr:Ca ratios from the low ratios to the high indicating that those specimens had a flexible migration strategy in the ambient water and had the possibility of migrating downstream to the Caspian Sea multiple times after spawning in a freshwater habitat.
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Patel, Sima, Thomas Condamine, George Dominguez, et al. "Unique pattern of PMN-MDSC migration in cancer." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 119.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.119.8.
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Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated immature myeloid cells that contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In order to exert their effects at either the primary tumor site or in metastases, PMN-like MDSC (PMN-MDSC) must first migrate to these sites. There is some evidence to suggest that chemokine gradients can mediate their recruitment. We have observed that human PMN-MDSC accumulation in colon and lung tumors strongly correlates with the expression of S100A9, CXCL1 and CXCL8 in those tumors. Moreover, we have found that, in comparison to PMN, patient PMN-MDSC have an increased chemotactic response to CXCL8 in spite of decreased cell surface CXCR2 expression. Similarly, in murine transgenic models of melanoma, pancreatic and prostate cancer, we have found that PMN-MDSC migrate more than PMN when stimulated with CXCL1, in spite of similar levels of cell surface CXCR2 expression. Interestingly, murine PMN-MDSC are more migratory even without stimulation, and have greater speed, mean squared displacement and random motility coefficient than PMN. It is possible that in addition to specific factors secreted in the primary and metastatic tumor sites, PMN-MDSC recruitment to these sites is regulated by an altered migratory behavior of the cells themselves.
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Virkkala, Raimo, and Ari Rajasärkkä. "Climate change affects populations of northern birds in boreal protected areas." Biology Letters 7, no. 3 (2010): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1052.
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Human land-use effects on species populations are minimized in protected areas and population changes can thus be more directly linked with changes in climate. In this study, bird population changes in 96 protected areas in Finland were compared using quantitative bird census data, between two time slices, 1981–1999 and 2000–2009, with the mean time span being 14 years. Bird species were categorized by distribution pattern and migratory strategy. Our results showed that northern bird species had declined by 21 per cent and southern species increased by 29 per cent in boreal protected areas during the study period, alongside a clear rise (0.7–0.8°C) in mean temperatures. Distribution pattern was the main factor, with migratory strategy interacting in explaining population changes in boreal birds. Migration strategy interacted with distribution pattern so that, among northern birds, densities of both migratory and resident species declined, whereas among southern birds they both increased. The observed decline of northern species and increase in southern species are in line with the predictions of range shifts of these species groups under a warming climate, and suggest that the population dynamics of birds are already changing in natural boreal habitats in association with changing climate.
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Roarke, Michael A., Ba D. Nguyen, Ming Yang, and Michael C. Roarke. "“Migratory” Pattern of Corticosteroid-Related Multifocal Bone Infarction on Bone Scintigraphy." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 44, no. 2 (2019): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0000000000002403.
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Sommerfelt, I. E., A. Rosa, A. Duchene, et al. "Toxocara canis in experimentally infected pigs: migratory pattern and tissue lesions." Veterinary Parasitology 125, no. 3-4 (2004): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.014.
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Fedynich, Alan M., and Danny B. Pence. "Helminth community structure and pattern in a migratory host (Anas platyrhynchos)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 3 (1994): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-067.
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The helminth community at the southern periphery of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding range on the Southern High Plains of Texas consisted of species commonly reported in this host at northern latitudes. Although prevalence, abundance, and dominance values varied and this helminth community was species-rich and diverse, species composition was relatively consistent over temporal and host variables. Mallards had higher mean abundances of helminths in summer than winter; 80% of all helminth individuals occurred in juveniles. Recurrent groups formed during summer and within juvenile mallards were larger and more complex than groups formed during winter or in adults. Of the 15 helminth species forming group memberships, only Cloacotaenia megalops, Microsomacanthus hopkinsi, Amidostomum acutum, and Tetrameres spp. commonly co-occurred during each of four seasons in juvenile mallards, whereas C. megalops and Capillaria contorta persisted temporally in adult mallards. These species occupy different host microhabitats, suggesting little or no interaction between temporally persistent species that commonly co-occur in mallards. The results of our study suggest that helminth communities reflect the density distribution of the host species across their annual geographic range, where the breeding range represents the epicenter of origin for this host–helminth system.
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Garvon, Jason M., Alan M. Fedynich, Markus J. Peterson, and Danny B. Pence. "Helminth Community Dynamics in Populations of Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) Using Two Distinct Migratory Corridors." Journal of Parasitology Research 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/306257.
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The influence of spatially distinct host subpopulations on helminth community structure and pattern was examined in a migratory avian host species. Forty helminth species represented by 24,082 individuals were collected from 184 blue-winged teal (Anas discors; BWT) from 2 primary migratory corridors in Florida (eastern migratory corridor; EMC) and Louisiana and Texas (western migratory corridor; WMC). Mean species richness was greater in BWT from the WMC (x¯±S.E=10.2 ± 0.3species) than the EMC (8.6 ± 0.2). The helminth community from the WMC had higher abundances of 6 common/intermediate species. Corridor helminth communities were similar in species composition but less similar when incorporating abundances of those species. Overlapping distributions of phylogenetically related host species that share generalist helminth species across ecologically similar habitats seem to mitigate the isolating mechanisms that are necessary for the distinct coevolutionary pathways to develop between adjacent corridors.
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Lehnert, Linn S., Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Tobias Teige, et al. "Variability and repeatability of noctule bat migration in Central Europe: evidence for partial and differential migration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1893 (2018): 20182174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2174.
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Each year, large numbers of bats move across Europe between their summer and winter areas, yet even though many of them are endangered and legally protected, we are unaware about many aspects of their migratory behaviour. Here, taking Nyctalus noctula as a model species, we used stable hydrogen isotopic values in fur ( δ 2 H f ) as an endogenous marker to shed light on the migratory behaviour of more than 1000 bats from hibernacula across Central Europe. Specifically, we asked the following questions: how flexible is migration in temperate zone bats? Which general migration pattern do noctule bats follow? How repeatable and thus predictable is the migratory behaviour of individuals? Do morphological correlates of migration occur in bats? Our study confirmed that noctule bats engage in partial and female-biased migration across Europe, suggesting the strongest migration pressures for northern populations. Further, we revealed a combination of partial and differential migration patterns with highly variable migration distances which lead to a pronounced mixing of different source populations in hibernacula where mating occurs. Most individuals were consistent in their migration strategy over time, i.e. 86% could be repeatedly assigned to either long-distance or regional origin across years. This is consistent with our finding that the between-individual component explained 84% of the variation in δ 2 H f values, suggesting specialized individual migratory behaviours and a strong natal philopatry. We discovered a positive correlation between forearm length and migration distance and support for sex-specific effects of migration on body condition. Our study elucidated migration patterns over large geographical scales, demonstrating that considerable numbers of migratory bats originating from distant populations depend on hibernacula across Central Europe, calling for international conservation management.
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Gwinner, E. "Circadian and circannual programmes in avian migration." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.39.
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In migratory birds, endogenous daily (circadian) and annual (circannual) rhythms serve as biological clocks that provide the major basis for their temporal orientation. Circannual rhythms are responsible for the initiation of migration both in autumn and spring. This function of timing migrations is particularly important for birds that spend the winter close to the equator where the environment is too constant or irregular to provide accurate timing cues. In addition, circannual rhythms produce programmes that determine both the temporal and the spatial course of migration. In Sylvia warblers, the time programmes controlling autumn migration are organized in a species- or population-specific manner. It has been proposed that, in first-year migrants, the time programme for autumn migration plays a major role in determining migratory distance, thus providing the vector component in a mechanism of vector navigation. It is not yet clear, however, whether this programme does indeed determine migratory distance or whether it only provides the temporal framework within which other factors determine how far a bird flies. Evidence against the first alternative comes from findings indicating that migratory activity can be drastically modified by a constellation of rather specific, but highly relevant, factors and that the resulting changes in migratory activity are not compensated by subsequent increases or decreases of migratory activity. In normally day-active but nocturnally migrating birds, circannual signals cause alterations in the circadian system leading to the development of nocturnal activity. Although the nature of these signals is unknown, there is evidence that changes in the diurnal pattern of melatonin secretion by the pineal gland are associated with, and possibly causally involved in, the waxing and waning of nocturnal activity. These changes in the melatonin pattern presumably also affect general synchronization properties of the circadian system to Zeitgebers in such a way that circadian rhythms adjust faster to new conditions after long transmeridian flights.
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Busse, Przemysław, Grzegorz Zaniewicz, and Tomasz Cofta. "Evolution of the Western Palaearctic Passerine Migration Pattern Presentation Style." Ring 36, no. 1 (2015): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2014-0001.
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Abstract The scientific knowledge available in many detailed studies needs, from time to time, some generalization that allows to provide a synthesis or at least presentation of certain problem to both, scientific community and wide public interested in the topic. This article presents evolution of the presentation style of spatial course of the passerine migration in the Western Palaearcic. According to developing knowledge in the topic the style of presentation of general migration pattern evolved from a “line–arrow ” style suggesting that the birds use narrow “corridors” to more adequate to the phenomenon “carpet” style with called as “bottle-necks” concentrations being local and temporal effects of existing migratory barriers and guiding lines as maritime coasts, mountains and deserts. These details of migratory flyways are less visible in nocturnal passerine migrants than diurnal movements of both of passerines and gliding big birds. Generally, according to spatial relations between breeding and wintering areas of the bird populations living in Western Palaearctic four main flyways are defined and presented on maps: Western (Atlantic), Central (Apennine), South- Eastern (Balkan) and Eastern (Indian). Their background lies in the post-ice age history of distribution changes of the bird species, but details still evolve.
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Syartinilia, Risco Noverio Rafael, and Hiroyoshi Higuchi. "Perilaku Migrasi Sikep Madu-Asia dalam Pemanfaatan Lanskap di Flores Bagian Timur, Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Satellite-tracking." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 10, no. 3 (2020): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.3.479-488.
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Raptor migration is complex phenomenon of migration which involving of millions of individual birds flying hundreds or thousands kilometers, between breeding habitat and wintering habitat. Migratory behavior consisted of period, route, and other aspects that affect the ecology of migratory birds. Pernis ptylorhynchus, Oriental honey-buzzard (OHB) is one of migratory raptors which have satellite tracked by ARGOS since 2003. Eastern part of Flores Islands consisted of small islands (23 islands) were identified as OHB’s migratory path to reach their wintering habitats in Kupang and Timor Island. This study has aimed to identify and analyze the OHB’s migratory behavior in Eastern part of Flores Islands. Four individuals OHB have satellite tracked in the period of 2007-2012 were used as main data for analyzing their migratory behavior. There was no particular pattern found on the way of OHBs selected islands for their stopover site because of the existence of small islands cluster provide variety of route for each OHBs. The length of their stay found relatively constant every year and tend to be stay longer on larger islands than the smaller one such as Flores Island and Lembata Island. This is apparently due to the larger islands provide more food supply than smaller islands.
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Pedrana, Julieta, Juan Pablo Seco Pon, Juan Pablo Isacch, et al. "FIRST INSIGHTS INTO THE MIGRATION PATTERN OF AN UPLAND GOOSE (CHLOEPHAGA PICTA) BASED ON SATELLITE TRACKING." Ornitología Neotropical 26, no. 3 (2016): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v26i3.56.
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Detailed knowledge of the migratory strategies is important to understand the ecology and evolution of migration and the conservation of migratory birds The Argentinean federal government declared sheldgeese (Chloephaga spp.) pests in 1930, claiming that they reduce crop yield. Currently sheldgeese have suffered severe reductions in their populations and are the focus of serious conservation concern. From September to April they breed in southern Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) while from May to September they winter mainly in the southern Pampas (central east Argentina). The precise knowledge of their migratory routes is essential to ensure protection of necessary resources and sites needed on their annual journeys. Here, by using a satellite transmitter for the first time we unravel the migration route of an Upland Goose (Chloephaga picta), a species endemic to southern South America with an unknown migration strategy. We received data for 121 days (from September 2014 to January 2015). During this time, the bird migrated 1485 km from the wintering grounds in Buenos Aires Province to the breeding area in Santa Cruz province, Patagonia. Part of the migration route was over the sea. The largest displacement was 817 km in 19 hours, representing a minimum mean speed of 43 km h-1.
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Taylor, Anna R., John H. Schacke, Todd R. Speakman, Steven B. Castleberry, and Richard B. Chandler. "Factors related to common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) seasonal migration along South Carolina and Georgia coasts, USA." Animal Migration 3, no. 1 (2016): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0002.
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AbstractLittle is known about common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) seasonal migration along the United States southeastern Atlantic coast, or what factors influence migratory patterns. Therefore, our objectives were to: 1) document evidence for seasonal movement of dolphins in this region (that would indicate migratory behavior) and 2) determine if seasonal changes in abundance and temporary emigration (i.e., migration indicators) for dolphins along South Carolina and Georgia coasts are related to changes in water quality variables. Previously collected capturerecapture data (from visual sightings of individual dolphins) and water quality data from Charleston, South Carolina and St. Catherine’s Island, Georgia were used to achieve our objective. Robust design models were used to estimate seasonal abundance and temporary emigration for the Charleston population, whereas closed population capture-recapture models were used to estimate seasonal abundances for the St. Catherine’s Island population. The Charleston population showed seasonal abundance and temporary emigration patterns with low estimates in winter, which increased in spring, peaked in summer, and decreased in fall. Seasonal temporary emigration was best explained by water temperature, which followed the same general pattern. Seasonal abundance in the St. Catherine’s population was best explained by salinity, but no consistent pattern in abundance was observed. Our results not only provide the first evidence of a clear seasonal migration of dolphins in this region, but can aid in conservation and management efforts by increasing accuracy of abundance estimates.
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Louzao, Maite, Karine Delord, David García, Isabel Afán, José Manuel Arcos, and Henri Weimerskirch. "First days at sea: depicting migration patterns of juvenile seabirds in highly impacted seascapes." PeerJ 9 (May 11, 2021): e11054. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11054.
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Increasing human activities have detrimental consequences on marine ecosystems and their impact can have cumulative effects. Within marine ecosystems, seabirds respond to ecosystem variability and face multiple human pressures, especially threatened species. In long-lived species, juveniles and immatures could represent up to 50% of the total population, but their migratory movements remain largely unknown. Here, we depict the migratory patterns of juvenile Balearic shearwaters Puffinus mauretanicus, the most threatened European seabird, using miniaturised satellite transmitters. At the end of the 2012 breeding season, five tagged juveniles left the breeding colonies of Eivissa Island (western Mediterranean) the first week of July. They moved westwards to reach the Atlantic Ocean between 3 and 13 days afterwards. Juveniles showed a two-phase migratory pattern: they first travelled slower close to the breeding colonies, and then moved towards their wintering areas in the Atlantic Ocean by rapid directional movements. Environmental cues (e.g.,marine productivity, water mass distribution, frontal systems) might have a prominent role in driving the migratory patterns of juvenile Balearic shearwaters, moving from warm and poor marine areas in the Mediterranean Sea to cooler and rich non-breeding grounds in the Atlantic Ocean. Based on observational findings, we observed certain spatial overlap of juvenile Balearic shearwaters with areas of high human impact, but the relationship between flying travel speed and both fishing effort and cumulative human impacts were not statistically significant. These results suggest that more research is needed to assess whether the movement patterns of migrating juveniles are affected by human activities. Therefore, understanding the at-sea spatial ecology of juveniles should be a priority for research and conservation due to the importance of this population component in long-lived species, as well as assessing their vulnerability to multiple anthropogenic pressures.
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Able, K., and M. Able. "The flexible migratory orientation system of the savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (1996): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.3.
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The orientation system of the Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) is typical of nocturnal migrant passerine birds. It is based on a system of interacting compass senses: magnetic, star, polarized light and, perhaps, sun compasses. The magnetic compass capability develops in birds that have never seen the sky, but the preferred direction of magnetic orientation may be calibrated by celestial rotation (stars at night and polarized skylight patterns during the day). This ability to recalibrate magnetic orientation persists throughout life and enables the bird to compensate for variability in magnetic declination that may be encountered as it migrates. The polarized light compass may be manipulated by exposing young birds to altered patterns of skylight polarization. There is some evidence that the magnetic field may be involved in calibration of the polarized light compass. In short-term orientation decision-making during migration, visual information at sunset overrides both stars and magnetic cues, and polarized skylight is the relevant stimulus in dusk orientation. The star pattern compass seems to be of little importance. This extremely flexible orientation system enables the birds to respond to spatial and temporal variability in the quality and availability of orientation information.
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Hardesty-Moore, Molly, Stefanie Deinet, Robin Freeman, et al. "Migration in the Anthropocene: how collective navigation, environmental system and taxonomy shape the vulnerability of migratory species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1746 (2018): 20170017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0017.
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Recent increases in human disturbance pose significant threats to migratory species using collective movement strategies. Key threats to migrants may differ depending on behavioural traits (e.g. collective navigation), taxonomy and the environmental system (i.e. freshwater, marine or terrestrial) associated with migration. We quantitatively assess how collective navigation, taxonomic membership and environmental system impact species' vulnerability by (i) evaluating population change in migratory and non-migratory bird, mammal and fish species using the Living Planet Database (LPD), (ii) analysing the role of collective navigation and environmental system on migrant extinction risk using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifications and (iii) compiling literature on geographical range change of migratory species. Likelihood of population decrease differed by taxonomic group: migratory birds were more likely to experience annual declines than non-migrants, while mammals displayed the opposite pattern. Within migratory species in IUCN, we observed that collective navigation and environmental system were important predictors of extinction risk for fishes and birds, but not for mammals, which had overall higher extinction risk than other taxa. We found high phylogenetic relatedness among collectively navigating species, which could have obscured its importance in determining extinction risk. Overall, outputs from these analyses can help guide strategic interventions to conserve the most vulnerable migrations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Collective movement ecology'.
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Semlitsch, Raymond D., and Joseph H. K. Pechmann. "Diel Pattern of Migratory Activity for Several Species of Pond-Breeding Salamanders." Copeia 1985, no. 1 (1985): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1444794.
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Lin, Xiaoting, Sara Romanazzo, Kang Lin, Cameron Kelly, J. Justin Gooding, and Iman Roohani. "Elliptical supra-cellular topographies regulate stem cells migratory pattern and osteogenic differentiation." Materialia 14 (December 2020): 100870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100870.
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Koseki, Yusuke, and Koji Maekawa. "Differential energy allocation of alternative male tactics in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 11 (2002): 1717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-143.
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To compare energy allocation to gonad, relative to soma, between alternative male tactics (mature parr and migratory males) in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), we quantified energy contents in somatic and testicular tissues for the two tactics from two lake-run populations (Shikaribetsu Lake and Shumarinai Reservoir) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Mass-specific testicular energy (kJ·g1) was lower in migratory males than in mature parr in the Shikaribetsu population, but not in the Shumarinai population. The consistent pattern was observed in somatic energy, suggesting that mass-specific energy reflects population environment rather than inherent allocation pattern. Despite this confounding effect of specific energy, total testicular energy (kJ), relative to total somatic energy, was higher in mature parr in both populations. We suggest that strong sperm competition involved with sneak spawning is responsible for an increased testicular investment in mature parr.
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Garel, S., M. Garcia-Dominguez, and P. Charnay. "Control of the migratory pathway of facial branchiomotor neurones." Development 127, no. 24 (2000): 5297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.24.5297.
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Facial branchiomotor (fbm) neurones undergo a complex migration in the segmented mouse hindbrain. They are born in the basal plate of rhombomere (r) 4, migrate caudally through r5, and then dorsally and radially in r6. To study how migrating cells adapt to their changing environment and control their pathway, we have analysed this stereotyped migration in wild-type and mutant backgrounds. We show that during their migration, fbm neurones regulate the expression of genes encoding the cell membrane proteins TAG-1, Ret and cadherin 8. Specific combinations of these markers are associated with each migratory phase in r4, r5 and r6. In Krox20 and kreisler mutant mouse embryos, both of which lack r5, fbm neurones migrate dorsally into the anteriorly positioned r6 and adopt an r6-specific expression pattern. In embryos deficient for Ebf1, a gene normally expressed in fbm neurones, part of the fbm neurones migrate dorsally within r5. Accordingly, fbm neurones prematurely express a combination of markers characteristic of an r6 location. These data suggest that fbm neurones adapt to their changing environment by switching on and off specific genes, and that Ebf1 is involved in the control of these responses. In addition, they establish a close correlation between the expression pattern of fbm neurones and their migratory behaviour, suggesting that modifications in gene expression participate in the selection of the local migratory pathway.
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Shamsuddoha, Mohammad, and M. Abdul Aziz. "RAIDING PATTERN OF MIGRATORY ELEPHANTS IN A HUMAN DOMINATED LANDSCAPE IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 24 (December 5, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v24i0.20643.
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This study addresses raiding patterns of migratory elephants in northern Bangladesh by raiding area visit, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and other secondary sources. During the study period, over 750 acres of cropland, at least 228 houses, death of 8 people and serious injury to 26 people was caused due to elephant raiding; additionally, 2 elephants also died due to conflict. We observed that migratory herds cross the surrounded border fence from India to Bangladesh through at least 61 entry points, raided for a week or more in 54 border villages then moved back. The group sizes of raiding elephants were highly biased to large groups and didn’t vary seasonally. Raiding is elevated during the summer and autumn months, at night, and just before and after the paddy harvest season. It has been found that raiding incidents took place mainly around the crop fields and human settlements which were in close proximity to the border fence. Possible mitigation measures recommended specific for this transboundary region include improvement and preservation of remaining forest patches as a core elephant zone, eco-development initiatives, intensive awareness program, bilateral collaboration with Indian government towards conservation initiatives.ECOPRINT 24: 21-27, 2017
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Gashinsky, Emma. "An Aesthetic Pattern of Nonbelonging—Immigration and Identity in Contemporary Israeli Art." Arts 8, no. 4 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040157.
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This research pinpoints a local pattern of migratory aesthetics recurrently employed by four Israeli artists in the early years of the 21st century. I argue that works by artists Philip Rantzer, Gary Goldstein, Haim Maor, and David Wakstein showcase a hybrid migratory self-definition that is embedded in the artistic language itself. By harnessing a collagistic language of juxtaposition and fragmentation, they frame Israeli identity as uncanny, reflecting a cultural mindset of being neither “here” nor “there”. I contend that this pattern is used by a particular generation of artists, born in the early 1950s, and reflects a reaction, in hindsight, to the Zionist ethos of collective local identity. Employing old photographs from their family albums that they transform into framed detached figures, these artists draw upon childhood memories of immigration. Their art marks an identity clash between two homelands, which is the result of intertwined aesthetic and socio-cultural characteristics. The first is evident in the prevalent use of collage in local art—in itself a language of oppositions. The second is the negation of the diaspora in the Israeli socio-cultural mentality, which constructs identity through binary thinking. To date, no other study has acknowledged this aesthetic pattern nor the common ground these artists share in their works.
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Sapède, Dora, Nicolas Gompel, Christine Dambly-Chaudière, and Alain Ghysen. "Cell migration in the postembryonic development of the fish lateral line." Development 129, no. 3 (2002): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.3.605.
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We examine at the cellular level the postembryonic development of the posterior lateral line in the zebrafish. We show that the first wave of secondary neuromasts is laid down by a migrating primordium, primII. This primordium originates from a cephalic region much like the primordium that formed the primary line during embryogenesis. PrimII contributes to both the lateral and the dorsal branches of the posterior lateral line. Once they are deposited by the primordium, the differentiating neuromasts induce the specialisation of overlying epidermal cells into a pore-forming annulus, and the entire structure begins to migrate ventrally across the epithelium. Thus the final two-dimensional pattern depends on the combination of two orthogonal processes: anteroposterior waves of neuromast formation and dorsoventral migration of individual neuromasts. Finally, we examine how general these migratory processes can be by describing two fish species with very different adult patterns, Astyanax fasciatus (Mexican blind cavefish) and Oryzias latipes (medaka). We show that their primary patterns are nearly identical to that observed in zebrafish embryos, and that their postembryonic growth relies on the same combination of migratory processes that we documented in the case of the zebrafish.
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Bălan, Mariana, and Svitlana Bilan. "Recent Dimensions of Regional Migration." Journal of Intercultural Management 12, no. 4 (2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2020-0053.
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this article is to make an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at regional and sub-regional level. Methodology: Descriptive statistical analysis was mainly used to visualize and synthesize information about the evolution of the structure and size of migratory flows in major regions of the world. Findings: The importance of contemporary migration is related not only to the number of migrants, but also to the fact that the migratory phenomenon has become global and takes on more and more diverse forms. People travel for various periods of time, but shorter. They adopt a pattern of circulatory migration, continue to maintain strong connections with where they left from or practice unregulated migration. Migration has become a defining feature of the modern global economy, and the main factors underlying its expansion are the processes of globalization, technical progress, the new economic order, etc. In 2019, the number of l migrants at world level reached 271.6 million, well above the values forecast by international bodies in recent years. In the last three decades, more developed regions have received 69 million international migrants, while less developed regions have received only 50 million. The highest migratory flows were recorded in high-income countries (98 million persons), and middle and low-income countries added only about 20 million persons to migrants’ stock (17 million and 3 million, respectively). Value Added: The paper presents an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at the regional level, providing a more detailed picture of migration, and presenting a different but complementary perspective of migrants and movements from different parts of the world. A comparative analysis of migrant flows at regional level and on large migration corridors is performed, but also of the structure by age groups and gender of regional migrants. Recommendations: The analysis of data on regional migration shows significant differences in migration patterns between regions. Greater recognition of regional migration patterns, variations and complexities can help shape strategic and sustainable responses of the migration policies. It is also necessary to pay attention to the regional dimensions and variations of international migration that may have critical implications for debates and regulations, especially (but not only) globally.
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Cestaro, Lubiane Guimarães, Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florêncio Alves, Dejair Message, Marcos Vinícius Gualberdo Barbosa Silva, and Érica Weinstein Teixeira. "Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Health in Stationary and Migratory Apiaries." Sociobiology 64, no. 1 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v64i1.1183.
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The practice of migratory beekeeping is based on moving honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies between different locations to intensify agricultural production through improved pollination services. However, due to stress caused by exposure of bee hives to different environments, migratory beekeeping activities can lead colonies to greater susceptibility of these insects to pathogens and pests, thus leading to population decline and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health profile of apiaries that adopt two types of management (stationary and migratory), located in the central-eastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil, during two sampling periods, one in spring (October 2010), and one in autumn (May 2011). We collected 474 samples of honeycomb from the brood area, combs containing capped brood, adult bees that covered the brood area, and foraging bees, to evaluate the presence and prevalence of Paenibacillus larvae, Varroa destructor, Nosema apis and N. ceranae. Seasonality was identified as a determining factor in the health condition of Africanized A. mellifera colonies, causing a stronger effect on health than the type of management employed (stationary vs migratory beekeeping). The infection rates of N. ceranae were higher during the autumn in relation to the spring (387 ± 554 spores per bee in the spring and 1,167 ± 1,202 spores per bee in the autumn in stationary apiaries and 361 ± 687 spores per bee in the spring and 1,082 ± 1,277 spores per bee in the autumn in migratory apiaries). The same pattern was found for infestation rates of V. destructor (2.83 ± 1.97 in the spring and 9.48 ± 6.15 in the autumn in stationary apiaries and 3.25 ± 2.32 in the spring and 6.34 ± 6.58 in the autumn in migratory apiaries). These results demonstrate that the seasonality affects the health of A. mellifera colonies, but it does not depend on the type of management adopted (stationary or migratory).
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Llanes, Kennesa Klariz R., Cyrelle M. Besana, and Vachel Gay V. Paller. "Larval distribution, migratory pattern and histological effects of Toxocara canis in Rattus norvegicus." Journal of Parasitic Diseases 43, no. 4 (2019): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-019-01147-x.
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Freeman, Robin, Ben Dean, Holly Kirk, et al. "Predictive ethoinformatics reveals the complex migratory behaviour of a pelagic seabird, the Manx Shearwater." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 84 (2013): 20130279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0279.
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Understanding the behaviour of animals in the wild is fundamental to conservation efforts. Advances in bio-logging technologies have offered insights into the behaviour of animals during foraging, migration and social interaction. However, broader application of these systems has been limited by device mass, cost and longevity. Here, we use information from multiple logger types to predict individual behaviour in a highly pelagic, migratory seabird, the Manx Shearwater ( Puffinus puffinus ). Using behavioural states resolved from GPS tracking of foraging during the breeding season, we demonstrate that individual behaviours can be accurately predicted during multi-year migrations from low cost, lightweight, salt-water immersion devices. This reveals a complex pattern of migratory stopovers: some involving high proportions of foraging, and others of rest behaviour. We use this technique to examine three consecutive years of global migrations, revealing the prominence of foraging behaviour during migration and the importance of highly productive waters during migratory stopover.
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Moore, A., E. C. E. Potter, N. J. Milner, and S. Bamber. "The migratory behaviour of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the estuary of the River Conwy, North Wales." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 9 (1995): 1923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-784.
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Thirty-two wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts, tagged with miniature acoustic transmitters, were tracked in the River Conwy, North Wales, to describe the freshwater and estuarine patterns of migration. Migration in fresh water was predominantly nocturnal, although there was a seasonal change in this pattern with later run fish moving during both the day and night. Smolts tagged earlier in the study spent significantly longer in the river (mean 456 ± 43 h) before migrating into coastal waters than fish tagged later in the study (mean 201 ± 30 h). The movement of smolts through the estuary was indicative of a nocturnal selective ebb tide transport pattern of migration. All of the smolts migrated seawards on an ebb tide close to the surface and within the fastest moving section of the water column. The nocturnal pattern of migration would appear to be the result of an endogenous rhythm of swimming activity that results in the smolts moving up into the water column after dusk and migrating seawards. Smolt migration in the lower portion of the estuary was indicative of active directed swimming and there was no apparent period of acclimation required when moving from fresh to salt water.
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Beauvais, A., C. A. Erickson, T. Goins, et al. "Changes in the fibronectin-specific integrin expression pattern modify the migratory behavior of sarcoma S180 cells in vitro and in the embryonic environment." Journal of Cell Biology 128, no. 4 (1995): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.128.4.699.
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The molecules that mediate cell-matrix recognition, such as fibronectins (FN) and integrins, modulate cell behavior. We have previously demonstrated that FN and the beta 1-integrins are used during neural crest cell (NCC) migration in vitro as well as in vivo, and that the FN cell-binding domains I and II exhibit functional specificity in controlling either NCC attachment, spreading, or motility in vitro. In the present study, we have analyzed the effect of changes in the integrin expression patterns on migratory cell behavior in vivo. We have generated, after stable transfection, S180 cells expressing different levels of alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 5 beta 1 integrins, two integrins that recognize distinct FN cell-binding domains. Murine S180 cells were chosen because they behave similarly to NCC after they are grafted into the NCC embryonic pathways in the chicken embryo. Thus, they provide a model system with which to investigate the mechanisms controlling in vitro and in vivo migratory cell behavior. We have observed that either the overexpression of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin or the induction of alpha 4 beta 1 expression in transfected S180 cells enhances their motility on FN in vitro. These genetically modified S180 cells also exhibit different migratory properties when grafted into the early trunk NCC migratory pathways. We observe that alpha 5 and low alpha 4 expressors migrate in both the ventral and dorsolateral paths simultaneously, in contrast to the parental S180 cells or the host NCC, which are delayed by 24 h in their invasion of the dorsolateral path. Moreover, the alpha 4 expressors exhibit different migratory properties according to their level of alpha 4 expression at the cell surface. Cells of the low alpha 4 expressor line invade both the ventral and dorsolateral pathways. In contrast, the high expressors remain as an aggregate at the graft site, possibly the result of alpha 4 beta 1-dependent homotypic aggregation. Thus, changes in the repertoire of FN-specific integrins enable the S180 cells to exploit different pathways in the embryo and regulate the speed with which they disperse in vivo and in culture. Our studies correlate well with known changes in integrin expression during neural crest morphogenesis and strongly suggest that neural crest cells that migrate into the dorsolateral path, i.e., melanoblasts, do so only after they have upregulated the expression of FN receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Staver, A. Carla, and Gareth P. Hempson. "Seasonal dietary changes increase the abundances of savanna herbivore species." Science Advances 6, no. 40 (2020): eabd2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd2848.
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African savannas are home to the world’s last great megafaunal communities, but despite ongoing population declines, we only poorly understand the constraints on savanna herbivore abundances. Seasonal diet shifts (except migration) have received little attention, despite a diversity of possible dietary strategies. Here, we first formulate two theoretical models that predict that both mixed feeding and migratory grazing increase population sizes. These predictions are borne out in comprehensive data across African savanna parks: Mixed feeders are the most abundant herbivores in Africa, alongside a few migratory grazer populations. Overall, clear mixed-feeder dominance may reflect a historical pattern or may instead mirror a general global decline in specialists. Regardless, mixed feeders dominate the savannas of the present and future.
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Kakoi, Hiroyuki, and Math Anniko. "Auditory Epithelial Migration III: An Immunohistologic Study Using Anti-Brdu Antibody on Tympanic Membrane in Mouse." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 5 (1997): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600510.
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A localization pattern of epidermal cells on the tympanic membrane (TM) and their migratory patterns were studied in mice, by means of immunohistologic technique using an anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody. The BrdU was instilled intraperitoneally and the animals were painlessly sacrificed between 1 hour and 10 days after the injection. An immunostaining technique using anti-BrdU antibodies was applied on whole mount TM tissues. One hour after injection, BrdU-labeled cells were found in the handle of the malleus (HM) region and in the annular region of the pars tensa of the TM. Some labeled cells were observed in the intermediate region of the upper half of the superior quadrant, but no labeled cells were found in the remaining part of the intermediate region. Labeled cells were also evident in the pars flaccida without any particular pattern of distribution. As time elapsed after the injection, the labeled cells first appearing in the HM region had migrated laterally and inferiorly from the HM toward the annulus, while those in the annular region had considerably decreased in number. Results of the present study are the folio wing: 1) the proliferation center of epidermal cells in the pars tensa is located in two different areas, ie, the HM region and annular region, 2) newly generated cells in the HM region migrate from the HM region toward the annular region, whereas those in the annular region migrate from the annular region to the external auditory canal, and 3) no specific generation center is located in the pars flaccida. On the basis of these results, we discuss the relationship between the site of the proliferation center of epidermal cells and their migratory patterns.
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Beaumont, Fabien, Sébastien Murer, Fabien Bogard, and Guillaume Polidori. "Aerodynamic Interaction of Migratory Birds in Gliding Flight." Fluids 8, no. 2 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8020050.
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(1) Background: Many studies suggest that migratory bird groups fly in a V-formation to improve their aerodynamic efficiency, the goal being to reduce their energy expenditure to fly longer distances. To further validate this hypothesis, we numerically simulated the aerodynamic interaction of two gliding migratory birds and evaluated the aerodynamic forces as a function of the bird spacing. (2) Methods: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to model the flow pattern in and around the wake of Canada geese flying at an altitude of 1000 m and a speed of 13.9 m/s. (3) Results: The post-processing of the 3D results revealed a complex flow structure composed of two contra-rotating vortices developing at the wing tip. (4) Conclusions: In a plane perpendicular to the main flow direction, we showed that the bird’s wake could be broken down into two distinct zones: the downwash zone and the upwash zone, the latter being used by birds flying in formation to reduce their energy expenditure. The results of our study suggested an optimal wingtip spacing of -26cm to maximize the lift/drag ratio that characterizes aerodynamic efficiency.
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Yang, Ying, Jürgen Krieger, Long Zhang, and Heinz Breer. "The Olfactory Co-receptor Orco from the Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria) and the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria): Identification and Expression pattern." International Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 2 (2012): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8.159.
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Austin, Jane E., and Leigh H. Fredrickson. "Molt of Female Lesser Scaup Immediately Following Breeding." Auk 103, no. 2 (1986): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.2.293.
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Abstract The chronology, pattern, and intensity of the molt following breeding in female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) were studied from July through October 1981-1982 and in July 1984 in southwestern Manitoba. Nonbreeding females or females that were unsuccessful breeders began molt in mid-July, but females with broods delayed molt until August. The molt-intensity index was greatest during the flightless and postflightless periods. Molt persisted at low levels through the fall migratory period. Molt scores were most variable in the preflightless period. Molting began on the head, neck, and side and progressed to the belly, upper back, and chest; the lower back was the last area to molt. Feather replacement was most rapid in the wing and capital regions. The capital region and tail were the last areas in which molt was completed in fall-migratory scaup. Molt in postbreeding females probably is influenced by the length, timing, and success of breeding efforts. Individual and geographic differences in breeding chronology, habitat conditions, and postbreeding movements may contribute to variations in molt within a population of migratory scaup.