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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory policy'
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Dunn, Daniel C., Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Corrie Curtice, et al. "The importance of migratory connectivity for global ocean policy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1911 (2019): 20191472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1472.
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The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species interact with anthropogenic stressors throughout their lives. Migratory connectivity, the geographical linking of individuals and populations throughout their migratory cycles, influences how spatial and temporal dynamics of stressors affect migratory animals and scale up to influence population abundance, distribution and species persistence. Population declines of many migratory marine species have led to calls for connectivity knowledge, especially insights from animal tracking studies, to be more systematically and synthetically incorporated into decision-making. Inclusion of migratory connectivity in the design of conservation and management measures is critical to ensure they are appropriate for the level of risk associated with various degrees of connectivity. Three mechanisms exist to incorporate migratory connectivity into international marine policy which guides conservation implementation: site-selection criteria, network design criteria and policy recommendations. Here, we review the concept of migratory connectivity and its use in international policy, and describe the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean system, a migratory connectivity evidence-base for the ocean. We propose that without such collaboration focused on migratory connectivity, efforts to effectively conserve these critical species across jurisdictions will have limited effect.
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Visvizi, Anna, Colette Mazzucelli, and Miltiadis Lytras. "Irregular migratory flows." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 8, no. 2 (2017): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-05-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to navigate the challenges irregular migratory flows generate for cities and urban systems. The migration and refugee crises that challenged Europe in 2015-2016 revealed that the developed world cities and urban areas are largely unprepared to address challenges that irregular migratory flows generate. This paper queries the smart and resilient cities’ debates, respectively, to highlight that migration-related challenges and opportunities have not been explicitly addressed in those deliberations. This creates a disconnect between what these debates promise and what cities/urban systems increasingly need to address on a daily basis. Subsequently, a way of bridging that disconnect is proposed and its policy-making implications discussed. Design/methodology/approach To suggest ways of navigating irregular migration-inflicted challenges cities/urban areas face, a nexus between the smart cities and resilient cities’ debates is established. By placing advanced sophisticated information and communication technologies (ICTs) at the heart of the analysis, a novel dynamic ICTs’ enabled integrated framework for resilient urban systems is developed. The framework’s dynamics is defined by two hierarchically interconnected levers, i.e. that of ICTs and that of policy-design and policy-making. Drawing from qualitative analysis and process tracing, the cross-section of policy design and policy-making geared towards the most efficient and ethically sensitive use of sophisticated ICTs is queried. Subsequently, options available to cities/urban systems are discussed. Findings The ICTs’ enabled integrated framework for resilient urban systems integrates the effectiveness of migrants and refugees’ policy design and policy-making in human-centred thinking, planning and policy-design for resilient urban systems. It places resilient approaches in the spotlight of research and policy-making, naming them the most effective methods for promoting a humanistic smart cities and resilient urban systems vision. It highlights critical junctions that urban systems’ stakeholders must consider if the promise of emerging sophisticated ICTs is to be employed effectively for the entire society, including its most vulnerable members. Research limitations/implications First, when designing ICTs’ enabled integrated resilient urban systems, the key stakeholders involved in the policy-design and policy-making process, including local, national and regional authorities, must employ a holistic view to the urban systems seen through the lens of hard and soft concerns as well as considerations expressed by the receiving and incoming populations. Second, the third-sector representatives, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other actors, need to be seen as peers in integrated humanistic networks, thereby contributing critical, unbiased knowledge flows to infrastructures, which promote fair and inclusive participation of migrants and refugees in local economies. Practical implications The ICTs’ enabled integrated framework for resilient urban systems promotes a humanistic smart cities’ and resilient urban systems’ vision. It suggests how to design and implement policies apt to meet the needs of both receiving and incoming populations along value chains specific to smart and resilient cities. It promotes emerging sophisticated ICTs as the subtle, yet key, enabler of data ecosystems and customized services capable of responding to critical societal needs of the receiving and the incoming populations. In addition, the framework suggests options, alternatives and strategies for urban systems’ stakeholders, including the authorities, businesses, NGOs, inhabitants and ICTs’ providers and vendors. Originality/value The value added of this paper is three-fold. At the conceptual level, by bringing together the smart cities and resilient cities debates, and incorporating sophisticated ICTs in the analysis, it makes a case for their usefulness for cities/urban areas in light of challenges these cities/urban areas confront each day. At the empirical level, this analysis maps the key challenges that cities and their stakeholders face in context of migratory flows and highlights their dual nature. At the policy-making level, this study makes a case for a sound set of policies and actions that boost effective use of ICTs beyond the smart technology hype.
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Nieminen, Emmi, Kari Hyytiäinen, and Marko Lindroos. "Economic and policy considerations regarding hydropower and migratory fish." Fish and Fisheries 18, no. 1 (2016): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12167.
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Khan, Makidul, Goutam Kundu, Mosammat Akter, Bishawjit Mallick, and Md Islam. "Climatic Impacts and Responses of Migratory and Non-Migratory Fishers of the Padma River, Bangladesh." Social Sciences 7, no. 12 (2018): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7120254.
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This study empirically assesses the impacts of climatic events on the inland fishers (i.e., migratory and non-migratory) in Bangladesh and explores their responses to those events. Here, the migratory refers to the fishers who change their fishing location seasonally and voluntarily, whereas the non-migratory fishers fish in the same area. It is assumed that there exist differences in both the impacts of an event and the responses to the event between migratory and non-migratory fishers and therefore, a ‘difference triangle’ conceptual framework is developed and tested empirically under this research. Employing mix-method (qualitative and quantitative), a field study was conducted during July–October 2015 from the Padma River depended fishers. Identified climatic events under this study are: storms, changes in rainfall and temperature and riverbank erosion. The migratory and non-migratory fishers were affected quite similarly by storms and changes in rainfall and temperature. However, riverbank erosion affected only non-migratory fishers. Both the migratory and non-migratory fishers adopted different strategies to cope with different climatic events, like, they took shelter in safe places, sold productive assets, reduced food consumption, took credit from informal sources and employed their school-going children. As adaptation strategies, they modernized their fishing boats, intensified fishing, built embankments and diversified livelihoods. Unlike the impacts, considerable differences were found in their coping and adaptation strategies. Comparing to non-migratory fishers, a smaller number of migratory fishers sold their assets, took informal credit and intensified fishing and diversified their livelihoods. The result of this study indicates the significance of differences in the impacts of climatic events for the migratory and non-migratory fishers and therefore, this research has policy implication for the betterment of fishers’ community in general.
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Gitelman, Zvi. "RECENT DEMOGRAPHIC AND MIGRATORY TRENDS AMONG SOVIET JEWS: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY." Post-Soviet Geography 33, no. 3 (1992): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10605851.1992.10640895.
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Beaugrand, Claire. "Framing Nationality in the Migratory Context." Middle East Law and Governance 6, no. 3 (2014): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00603003.
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The biduns (“without” nationality) are the segment of the Kuwaiti population that claims entitlement to the Kuwaiti nationality whereas the State of Kuwait, while contesting the truth of their claims, has been holding them as illegal since 1986. As the bone of contention is mainly about the criteria that qualify an individual for nationality, the biduns’ issue has often been analyzed through the sole question of their deserving or proving to belong as nationals and the relations between them. This paper adds a third element, namely the label of aliens – from which the biduns strongly distance themselves, and more broadly the migratory context in which the debate takes place. By analyzing the socially constructed migrants categories that are imposed on, shaped, and contested by the biduns along with other actors, this research investigates the ways in which the elusive category of biduns serves to define nationality but also to fulfill migration policy goals.
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Hamman, Evan. "Bilateral agreements for the protection of migratory birdlife: the implementation of the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA)." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (2019): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.07.
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Every year, millions of migratory birds journey along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). The scope of the EAAF encompasses Asia Pacific nations like Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. The effective conservation of these birds rests upon the implementation of bilateral legal agreements as well as non-binding regional initiatives along this North-South nexus. This article evaluates the implementation of one of the most important bilateral bird agreements in the region – the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA). The main obligations in CAMBA are identified; as are the legal initiatives adopted by both China and Australia which reflect CAMBA's obligations. Whilst Australian law makes specific reference to CAMBA, Chinese law is far less direct, though perhaps no less effective. The argument is made that the findings in this article have relevance for an improved understanding of the mechanisms for transboundary governance of migratory birdlife, especially in the Asia Pacific.
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Riazantsev, S. "Internal Migration of the Russian Population: Tendencies and Social and Economic Consequences." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2005): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-7-37-49.
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The article examines tendencies and directions of internal migration in Russia under present conditions. It gives detailed review of features of the interregional migratory exchange between federal districts and subjects of Federation. Also the reasons of reduction of migration inside Russia in the 1990s are discovered. Calculations of the coefficients of the intensity of migratory ties between subjects of Federation are presented and the basic directions of migration at the regional level are defined. Besides the key problems of the internal Russian population migration are distinguished, among - migratory outflow and losses of the population in the regions of Siberia and the Far East. Strategic directions of the migration policy of Russia in the middle term are presented.
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Sadykova, L. R. "German Policy Towards Muslim Communities." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(39) (December 28, 2014): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-6-39-174-181.
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The past two-three decades can be characterized by the period of global migration and sharp jump of migratory streams is connected with globalization and with the economic factor, generating labor movement behind resources from Third World countries to the countries with deficiency of labor. The desire to receive comfort life becomes the major reason, and the migrant makes the decision being guided by private interest more often instead of external factors. Western Europe became one of the most important center of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war, laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Globalization of migratory streams, penetration of foreign culture groups into structure of accepting society and prevalence of multicultural, multiethnic societies are important characteristics of a modern era. Western Europe became one of the most important centers of gravity of migrants. During the post-war period, the need of Europe in foreign labor for restoration of the economy destroyed by war laid the foundation of mass international migration to this region. Special relevance the problem of reception of immigrants, in particular from the Muslim countries, got for the former colonial powers, in particular Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands. Germany also faced this problem; migrants workers from other countries were required for the post-war restoration. Now Germany still is one of the main centers of an attraction of migrants, and concentration of them in this country annually increases. Despite the steps taken by the German government on elimination of Muslim isolation in the German society, its efforts did not bear fruits so far. The majority of Muslims live their life and are still torn off from high life of the country. A possible threat of destruction of the German community appeared when the various ethnic groups appeared in the country.
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Yamauchi, A., and Y. Matsumiya. "Population dynamics and fishery policy for migratory resources with two migration paths." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (1997): 2303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-137.
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The population dynamics and fishery policy for a migratory resource with two migration paths are analyzed, based on the supposition that the resource separates into two groups, each migrating along and caught on a different path, after reproduction in a limited area. Two possible mechanisms determining individual migration paths are considered: (i) ``nongenetically controlled'' migration and (ii) ``genetically controlled'' migration. Initially, the relationships between the resource population dynamics and the fishery are analyzed for both these cases. Based on these results, the optimal fishery policy for each migration path is analyzed. Two criteria to be maximized were considered: (i) the ``game situation,'' which aims to maximize catches on each fishery path, and (ii) the ``cooperative situation,'' which aims to maximize the total, overall catch on both paths. In the case of genetically controlled migration, a fishery based on one path negatively affects recruitment on that path but positively affects recruitment on the alternative path. In both the nongenetically controlled and genetically controlled migration cases, the cooperative policy resulted in higher overall maximum catch, especially in the latter case. In the genetically controlled migration case, convergence to equilibrium is often slow, the rate being affected by density dependence of mortalities.
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McDuie, Fiona, Michael L. Casazza, David Keiter, et al. "Moving at the speed of flight: dabbling duck-movement rates and the relationship with electronic tracking interval." Wildlife Research 46, no. 6 (2019): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19028.
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Abstract Context Effective wildlife management requires information on habitat and resource needs, which can be estimated with movement information and modelling energetics. One necessary component of avian models is flight speeds at multiple temporal scales. Technology has limited the ability to accurately assess flight speeds, leading to estimates of questionable accuracy, many of which have not been updated in almost a century. Aims We aimed to update flight speeds of ducks, and differentiate between migratory and non-migratory flight speeds, a detail that was unclear in previous estimates. We also analysed the difference in speeds of migratory and non-migratory flights, and quantified how data collected at different temporal intervals affected estimates of flight speed. Methods We tracked six California dabbling duck species with high spatio-temporal resolution GPS–GSM transmitters, calculated speeds of different flight types, and modelled how estimates varied by flight and data interval (30min to 6h). Key results Median migratory speeds were faster (but non-significant) for the larger mallard (Anas platyrhynchos; 82.5kmh–1), northern pintail (Anas acuta; 79.0kmh–1) and gadwall (Mareca strepera; 70.6kmh–1), than the smaller-bodied northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata; 65.7kmh–1), cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera; 63.5kmh–1) and American wigeon (Mareca Americana; 52kmh–1). Migratory flights were faster than non-migratory flights for all species and speeds were consistently slower with an increasing data interval. Implications The need to balance time and energy requirements may drive different speeds for migratory and non-migratory flights. Lower speeds at longer intervals are likely to be due to a greater proportion of ‘loafing’ time included in flighted segments, demonstrating that data acquired at different intervals provide a means to evaluate and estimate behaviours that influence speed estimation. Shorter-interval data should be the most accurate, but longer-interval data may be easier to collect over lengthier timeframes, so it may be expedient to trade-off a degree of accuracy in broad-scale studies for the larger dataset. Our updated flight speeds for dabbling duck species can be used to parameterise and validate energetics models, guide management decisions regarding optimal habitat distribution, and, ultimately, improve conservation management of wetlands for waterfowl.
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Holland, Alisha C., and Margaret E. Peters. "Explaining Migration Timing: Political Information and Opportunities." International Organization 74, no. 3 (2020): 560–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081832000017x.
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AbstractHow do migrants decide when to leave? Conventional wisdom is that violence and economic deprivation force migrants to leave their homes. However, long-standing problems of violence and poverty often cannot explain sudden spikes in migration. We study the timing of migration decisions in the critical case of Syrian and Iraqi migration to Europe using an original survey and embedded experiment, as well as interviews, focus groups, and Internet search data. We find that violence and poverty lead individuals to invest in learning about the migration environment. Political shifts in receiving countries then can unleash migratory flows. The findings underscore the need for further research on what migrants know about law and politics, when policy changes create and end migrant waves, and whether politicians anticipate migratory responses when crafting policy.
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Gallo, Sarah, and Nancy H. Hornberger. "Immigration policy as family language policy: Mexican immigrant children and families in search of biliteracy." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 3 (2017): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916684908.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: In this article we draw upon the ethnography of language planning and policy (LPP) to examine the complexities of how young Latino children with a recently deported parent engage with family language policies within their routine interactions. We explore the following questions. (1) How do US elementary school-aged children engage with, resist, and refashion family language and literacy policies alongside their parents in the face of parental deportations to Mexico? (2) How do children’s and parents’ experiences with monoglossic ideologies of schooling in the USA and Mexico shape family LPP and migratory decisions? Design/methodology/approach: The data come from a three-year ethnography on Mexican immigrant fathers and their elementary school-aged children conducted within the context of heightened deportations. Data and analysis: We focus on the case of eight-year-old Princess following her father’s deportation to examine how she articulated awareness of their counterpoint lives as she engaged in LPP alongside her mother. Findings/conclusions: Our findings reveal the unintended language education consequences of immigration policy as well as the complex ways that children discursively contribute to family LPP and migration decisions. Originality: This article uniquely highlights the complex interplay between immigration policy and LPP in the daily lives of mixed status Mexican immigrant families and the active roles that children play in shaping family language policy and migratory decisions. Significance/implications: We illustrate how children orient to monoglossic schooling ideologies as they prepare for and contest the possibilities of transnational schooling in Mexico and how limited opportunities to develop dynamic bilingualism or biliteracy in US schools shape families’ decisions. We argue that educational policy and classroom practices that open up ideological and implementational spaces to dynamically develop both languages are needed to better prepare children—especially those from undocumented families within a context of unprecedented deportations—for educational success on both sides of the border.
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Santiago, Carlos E. "The Migratory Impact of Minimum Wage Legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970–1987." International Migration Review 27, no. 4 (1993): 772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700403.
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Minimum wage research has historically focused on labor mobility between covered and uncovered labor markets within a geographic area. This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970–1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living.
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Bergin, Anthony. "Conservation and management of highly migratory species." Ocean & Coastal Management 24, no. 2 (1994): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(94)90028-0.
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Rewera, Witold, and Patricia Grazziotin Noschang. "The contemporary migratory movement in the European Union: challenges and benefits for Poland." Revista Justiça do Direito 35, no. 1 (2021): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/rjd.v35i1.12552.
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One of the main destinations for people who leave their homes whether voluntarily or forced is the European Union. It can be observed that both in voluntary andforced migrations, and especially in the second one, the European Union is the final destination of these displaced persons. However, the absence of an efficientmigratory policy, has generated a chaotic scenario of illegal immigrants, disrespect for international regulations, and deprecated lives for economic reasons.The aim is to demonstrate that the EU's asylum policy is not adequate and needs reform. Using the deductive approac h and bibliographic technique and data anal-ysis, the work presents the difficulties of a concise European Union policy on immigration and its effects in Poland.
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Ipsen, Carl. "The Organization of Demographic Totalitarianism: Early Population Policy in Fascist Italy." Social Science History 17, no. 1 (1993): 71–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016758.
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Population has always been recognized as a fundamental resource of the state. In nineteenth-century Europe, however, the relationship between population—a body of people capable of working, fighting, growing, or moving collectively—and the state underwent a significant transformation as national governments found it increasingly more important to know their populations quantitatively. Satisfaction of this need required the creation of national institutions to carry out censuses and monitor the vital statistics and migratory movements of population.
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Beyers, Christiaan, and Esteban Nicholls. "Government through Inaction: The Venezuelan Migratory Crisis in Ecuador." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 3 (2020): 633–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x20000607.
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AbstractThis article analyses strategies for channelling a migrant population out of a country by indirect means. Specifically, we examine the response of the Ecuadorean state to the influx of Venezuelan newcomers since 2015. We argue that this response has been characterised by inaction, rooted not in policy failures or bad governance, but rather in a strategic governmental rationality. We show how migrants are ‘herded’ out of the country as a result of a form of indirect government that works differently from other ‘anti-immigrant’ policies like forced deportations or incarceration at the border, and yet produces similar outcomes.
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Rousseau, Cécile. "Addressing Mental Health Needs of Refugees." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 5 (2017): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717746664.
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Throughout history, refugees have alternatively been seen as entitled victims of adversity or as threats or abusers of host countries scarce resources. Within the present globalized context, ambivalent public perceptions of refugees are shattering the protective nature of the post migratory environment in refugee receiving countries. This raises new challenges for refugees’ mental health and calls for systemic responses to address both pre-migratory trauma and losses and post migratory adversities. Recent evidence on the effectiveness of mental health treatment for refugees confirms the utility of trauma-focused psychotherapy and the limits of psychopharmacology for stress related disorders in this group. Training of mental health professionals may improve the quality of care for refugees by deconstructing prevalent prejudices about them and promoting empathic understanding. Mental health professionals may also advocate by providing information about social determinants refugee mental health to policy makers and promoting psychosocial interventions and protective social policies.
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Tudoroiu, Theodor. "Transit Migration and “Valve States”." Southeastern Europe 41, no. 3 (2017): 302–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-04103002.
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This article introduces the concept of a “valve” state as an instrument in the study of transit migration. A “valve” state is defined as a transit state that, due to its geographical position, to a specific regional political and geopolitical configuration and to key changes in its migration control policies, can play a decisive role in significantly shaping regional transit migratory flows. The case study of the 2015 Balkan migratory wave is used to show that this phenomenon was triggered by policy changes in two “valve” states, Greece and Macedonia, that challenged the externalisation and securitisation policies of the European Union. Developments in the first part of 2016 are also taken into consideration in order to show the role of “valve” states in putting an end to the migratory wave. Critically, this was due to the creation of a new “valve” state, Turkey, as part of Brussels’ regime of influence.
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Sultanian, Elena, and Pieter J. H. van Beukering. "Economics of Migratory Birds: Market Creation for the Protection of Migratory Birds in the Inner Niger Delta (Mali)." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13, no. 1 (2008): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200701812894.
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Sadykova, L. "The New Line of the European Union in Migration Domain: Emphases And Mechanisms." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2016-0-1-13-18.
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Article is devoted to complex research of new mechanisms of the European migration policy which underwent essential changes in process of increase of migratory streams. Now its main components are strengthening of measures against illegal migration, support of legal migration (in particular, simplification of entrance for highly qualified specialists), integration of already arrived migrants into West European society. Though migration policy is still one of the cornerstones of the general foreign policy of EU countries, legal regulation of illegal migration still fully doesn’t answer modern realities.
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Strel'tsova, Y. "Immigrants’ Integration under Conditions of Economic Crisis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-55-68.
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This article has considered the main trends of integration: economic one – “trough the work” and by means of social, educational, municipal and citizenship policy in European countries, first of all in France, and in Russia. The attention has been paid on contradictions, which are typical for searching an integration model in modern Russia. This article illustrates the main difficulties of immigrants’ adaptation in European countries, as a result of liberal migratory policy and multicultural model of newcomers’ integration.
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Russell, Sharon Stanton. "Politics and Ideology in Migration Policy Formulation: The Case of Kuwait." International Migration Review 23, no. 1 (1989): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300102.
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Theoretical approaches to international migration for employment largely ignore the role of government policies in shaping both migratory flows and the functioning of international labor markets, despite empirical evidence that such policies exist. To facilitate considerations of policy in migration theory this article examines politics and ideology in the evolution of migration policy in Kuwait. Policy determinants are found to include not only changes in economic conditions, but also shifts in power among political actors and the salience of issues on the political agenda: security issues, regional political events, demographic changes and perceived social costs of immigration. Future prospects for the Gulf are also considered.
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Mazzaglia, Natalia, and Pedro Marcelino. "Migratory Policy as an Exclusionary Tool: The Case of Haitians in the Dominican Republic." Laws 3, no. 1 (2014): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws3010163.
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Mora Téllez, Ricardo. "Duración de los viajes migratorios de mexicanos indocumentados en Estados Unidos bajo la política de reforzamiento de la frontera." Papeles de Población 23, no. 94 (2017): 59–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2017.94.031.
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Andrighetti, Graziela Hoerbe, Cristina Becker Lopes Perna, and Martha Machado Porto. "Português como língua de acolhimento na Lomba do Pinheiro: relatos de práticas pedagógicas." BELT - Brazilian English Language Teaching Journal 8, no. 2 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2178-3640.2017.2.29876.
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The current international migratory flows bring a new reality to many Brazilian cities and point to the need for actions that allow the integration of the migratory population in our society. Understanding the offer of courses aimed at teaching the Portuguese language as an instrument of reception policy for immigrants and refugees, and aware of the demands for specific didactic materials aimed at teaching Portuguese as an Additional Language (hereinafter PAL) that meet this new reality in Brazil, we share in this article our classroom experiences with the teaching of Portuguese to a group of 30 Haitians, seeking to contribute to reflections about the teaching of Portuguese in this specific context. To do so, we describe the decisions taken along the course regarding the classes and didactic materials used, taking into account the profile of the students and the context in which they were inserted. Based on our reports, we hope to collaborate with teachers who are involved in the teaching of Portuguese for Immigrants and Refugeesin Brazilian contexts in which the migratory flow is a reality.
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Bertouille, S. "Wildlife law and policy." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 2 (2012): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0159.
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One of the crucial issues of our decades is how to stop the loss of biodiversity. Policy–makers need reliable data to base their decisions on. Managing wildlife populations requires, first of all, science–based knowledge of their abundance, dynamics, ecology, behaviour and dispersal capacities based on reliable qualitative data. The importance of dialogue and communication with the local actors should be stressed (Sennerby Forsse, 2010) as bag statistics and other monitoring data in wildlife management could be more precise if local actors, notably hunters, were better informed and aware of their importance, especially in supporting existing and emerging policies at national and international levels. Another essential issue in wildlife management is the conflicts generated by humans and their activities when they interact with wildlife (Heredia & Bass, 2011). A sociologic approach is required to take into account those human groups whose interests are divergent, facilitating communication and collaborative learning among these users of the same ecosytem. Obstacles should be addressed and solutions devised to protect and encourage a sustainable use of this ecosystem in, as much as possible, a win–win relationship. Policy objectives and mana-gement strategies should be discussed and debated among the stakeholders involved, then formulated. Policies can be translated into different types of instruments, economic and legislative, but also informative and educa-tive. As awareness of the actors is a key factor of successful regulation, the regulations should be sufficiently explained and stakeholders should be involved in the implementation of these regulations as much as possible. Finally, the effectiveness of the regulations should be evaluated in light of their objectives, and where necessary, the regulations should be strengthened or adapted to improve their performance (Van Gossum et al., 2010).The various aspects of the processes described above were highlighted in the plenary talk and the five oral communications presented during the session on wildlife law and policy. In his plenary talk, Dr Borja Heredia, Head of the Scientific Unit of the Secretariat of the CMS/UNEP in Bonn, pointed out different sources of human–wildlife conflicts, such as the logging activities in subtropical forests that induce overexploitation and poaching for bushmeat consumption; the problem of predators on livestock and the poisoning of lions in the Masaï Reserve; animals invading the human territory; and game species as a vector of diseases in humans and livestock (Heredia & Bass, 2011). Heredia stressed the importance for wildlife managers to deal with the human dimension; he stressed the importance of successful conflict management based on principles such as a non–adversial framework, an analytical approach, a problem–solving orientation, the direct participation of the conflicting parties, dialogue as a basis for mutual understanding and facilitation by a trained third party. Heredia explained how the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS) contributes to confict resolution and in this way increases the chance of survival of these species. The CMS (see CMS website) works for the con-servation of a wide array of endangered migratory animals worldwide through the negotiation and implementation of agreements and action plans. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed in Appendix I of the Con-vention. CMS parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Besides establishing obligations for each State joining the CMS, CMS promotes concerted action among the Range States of many of these species. Migratory species that need, or would significantly benefit from, international co–operation are listed in Appendix II of the Convention. For this reason, the Convention encourages the Range states to reach global or regional agreements. The Convention acts, in this res-pect as a framework convention. The Agreements may range from legally binding treaties (called agreements, there are seven) to less formal instruments, such as Memoranda of Understanding, or actions plans (there are 20), and they can be adapted to the requirements of particular regions. The development of models tailored according to the conservation needs throughout the migratory range is a unique capacity to CMS. Heredia detailed inter alia the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels, the Great Apes Survival Part-nership, the Agreement on the Conservation of Gorillas and their Habitats, the MoU on the Saïga Antelope, and the Programme for the Conservation and sustainable use of the wild saker falcon (Falco cherrug) in Mongolia.The talk of Sarah Wilks, research fellow at the School of Law, University of Western Sydney, illus-trated the importance of adequate transparency and public consultation in environmental and conservation law and decision making. Wilks (2012) examined the Australian legislation concerning animal welfare and the export of Australian wildlife products and, as a case study, explored the Tasmanian State Government’s recent decision to promote the com-mercial harvest and export of brushtail possums She pointed out that although the Enviromment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation 1999 (EPBC) process intended to be open and co–operative, it is not, in prac-tice, co–operative, public and transparent. The export of possum products requires Australian Government approval under the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (EPBC). Wilks (2012) assessed the Tasmanian Wildlife Trade Management Plan for Common Brushtail Possums developed by the EPBC, the public submissions to the Austra-lian Government, and the Australian Government’s response against the provisions of the EPBC. As a result, she deplored that welfare outcomes, like that of back or pouch juveniles whose mother had been trapped or killed have not been adequately considered either at Tasmanian State or at Australian Govenment level. She concluded by deploring that submissions on ethical grounds could not yet be considered by the Australian Government because the decision to harvest or not to harvest is made at State level, and yet the Tasmanian State legislation is deficient in mandating public consultation.Data on hunting and game resources provide quan-titative and qualitative information on game species, but moreover, game monitoring has shown to be efficient in identifying threats to biodiversity, such as biodiversity problems in agriculture and forest ecosystems, and also to be an early warning in assessing threats from invasive alien species (Sennerby Forsse, 2010). They are an essential tool for game managers, scientists and policy–makers, and hunters and hunter organisations are key resources in the collection of this information.The ARTEMIS data bank was initiated by the Federation of Asssociations of Hunting and Conservation of the Euro-pean Union FACE (see ARTEMIS website) to improve information about game in support of existing and emer-ging European policies. The objective of ARTEMIS is to centralise and analyse, in a coordinated and coherent Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.2 (2012)161extending the ban to all waterfowl hunting and not only that undertaken in protected wetlands.The presentation of K. E. Skordas, from the Hunting Federation of Macedonia and Thrace, Research Divi-sion, Greece, illustrated the contribution of the Hellenic Hunters Confederation (HHC) to law enforcement for wildlife protection. It showed how stakeholders, hun-ters, set up heir own Game Warden Service in 1999, through their Hunting Associations, in order to assume responsibility for the control of illegal hunting and wil-dlife protection, in collaboration with the local Forest Service. These game wardens carry out repressive and preventive controls and prosecutions. Besides this initiative, information campaigns are organised by the HHC to improve hunters’ awareness (see website of the Hellenic Hunters Confederation, HHC). Skordas & Papaspyropoulos (2011) analysed the relation between law enforcement, hunter awareness and infringement categories, classed in degree of influencing wildlife protection. They observed a strong reduction in the number of infringements; particularly, they found that hunting out of season and hunting without a license decreased from 23.4% to 7.31% and from 30.12% to 11.8%, respectively.All the talks presented in this session stressed the importance of dialogue in wildlife management as a basis for mutual understanding. Communication and involvement of the local actors/stakeholders are key factors at different stages of wildlife management: when collecting reliable data on which policy–makers may draw up their decisions, when debating policy objectives and strategies, and when implementing regulations and administrative acts
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Feld, Serge. "Labor Force Trends and Immigration in Europe." International Migration Review 39, no. 3 (2005): 637–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00283.x.
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Labor force trends up to 2025 for the fifteen countries (before May 1, 2004) of the European Community are examined. Will demographic decline have an early effect on manpower volume? An estimation is made to determine whether present migratory flow levels in these countries will be sufficient to counter labor force stagnation. Manpower trend scenarios are proposed for each country. They show highly contrasting situations. These countries favor different policies for mobilizing and increasing their manpower volume. There is wide divergence between the various EU countries as concerns their demographic situation and labor force participation rate as well as their social security systems. Considering these highly diverse national characteristics, the difficulty in arriving at a consensus on EU migratory policy harmonization is stressed.
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Wu, Tong, Xinming Lian, Hongqi Li, et al. "Adaptation of migratory Tibetan antelope to infrastructure development." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (2021): 1910077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2021.1910077.
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Stekić, Nenad. "Extremism as a factor of systemic dynamics of Common Security and Defense policy during the migratory crisis." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 53, no. 1 (2019): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns53-18819.
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de Lucas, Javier. "Migration, law, democracy: identifiyng where the risk is." SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, no. 2 (December 2009): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2009-002009.
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- This paper focuses on migration, law and democracy in order to identify where risk lies. The author concentrates on studying a recent case, the Directive on the Return of so-called illegal immigrants (sans papiers) approved by the European Parliament on 18 June 2008. The usual point of view, that of the dominant discourse, maintains that today's migratory movements constitute one of the structural factors that justify the definition of our societies as the "Risk Society". According to this point of view, the migratory flows entail a risk for social cohesion and even a destabilising potential for both democracy and the rule of law. The risk is illustrated by the menacing image of invasion threatening at our doors, hence the classical argument of the "demographic bomb" as the resource of poor countries. The author's thesis sustains that it is precisely our responses, in the form of migratory policy tools, that constitute a risk factor. Some of these tools, including this Directive, have become destabilising elements of the rules of the game and, moreover, of the values of the rule of law and of democracy.
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HOLLIFIELD, JAMES F. "Immigration Policy in France and Germany: Outputs versus Outcomes." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001010.
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This article looks at the successes and failures of immigration policy in France and Germany. Particular attention is given to comparing immigration and foreign-worker policies—outputs—and the results of these policies—outcomes—in each state since the suspension of immigration in the mid-1970s. The analysis of the French and German experiences suggests that the gap between outputs and outcomes results from the inability of the state fully to control the migratory process. Inevitably, many foreign workers will choose to settle in the country in which they work. Stopping the movement of workers into and out of the country and suspending immigration tends to speed up the process of settlement and increase family and seasonal immigration. The principal lesson for other industrial democracies is that suspending immigration and exporting workers is not an effective way to solve employment problems.
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Telesetsky, Anastasia. "United States Law and Policy for Sharing Transboundary, Highly Migratory, and Straddling Stock Fishery Resources." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (2020): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340137.
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Abstract This article describes the United States approach to shared fisheries management highlighting efforts to manage tuna, halibut, salmon and other transboundary species. The article concludes with a recommendation for factoring climate change into U.S. standards for fisheries management.
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Hagan, Jacqueline Maria, Ricardo Martinez-Schuldt, Alyssa Peavey, and Deborah M. Weissman. "Family Matters: Claiming Rights across the US-Mexico Migratory System." Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, no. 2 (2018): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502418777456.
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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA) created an immigration system favoring the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of US citizens, thereby establishing family unity as the cornerstone of US immigration policy. Despite this historical emphasis on family unity, backlogs and limited visas for non-immediate relatives of US citizens and legal permanent residents, the militarization of the US-Mexico border, punitive measures for those who enter without inspection, such as the forced separation of children from their parents at the US border, and an aggressive policy of deportation have made it more difficult for members of Mexican binational families to unify. How do members of Mexican binational families manage the hardships that result from US immigration policies that prolong and force family separation? Immigrants and return migrants alike may not be aware of their rights and the legal remedies that exist to enforce them. Structural barriers such as poverty, legal status, fear of deportation, lack of proficiency in English, and lack of familiarity with government bureaucracies no doubt prevent many migrants in the United States and return migrants in Mexico from coming forward to request legal assistance and relief in the courts. Despite these barriers, when it comes to family matters, members of some Mexican binational families can and do assert their rights. In this article, we analyze an administrative database of the Department of Legal Protection of the Mexican consular network that documents migrant legal claims resulting from family separation, along with findings from 21 interviews with consular staff and community organizations in three consular jurisdictions — El Paso, Raleigh, and San Francisco — to investigate the sociolegal processes of claims. Our investigation centers on the mediating role the Mexican state — via its consular network — has developed to assist binational families as they attempt to assert their rights and resolve child support and child custody problems resulting from prolonged and forced family separation. We find that the resolution of binational family claims in part depends on the institutional infrastructure that has developed at local, state, and federal levels, along with the commitment and capacity of the receiving and sending states and the binational structures they establish. These binational structures transcend the limitations of national legal systems to achieve and implement family rights and obligations across borders.
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Miller, Jeffrey D., Kirstin A. Dobbs, Colin J. Limpus, Neil Mattocks, and André M. Landry Jr. "Long-distance migrations by the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, from north-eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96086.
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Tag recoveries from four adult female hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, tagged on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, are reported. Hawksbill turtles on breeding migrations move between Australia and neighbouring countries including Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Migratory distances between foraging areas and nesting beaches ranged from 368 to 2425 km. A review of data from tag recoveries, genetic analysis and satellite telemetry indicates that adult female hawksbill turtles often exhibit migratory behaviour parallelling that of other marine turtle species. This study refutes the myth that hawksbill turtles remain resident at reefs associated with their nesting beaches.
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Connor, William P., R. Kirk Steinhorst, and Howard L. Burge. "Forecasting Survival and Passage of Migratory Juvenile Salmonids." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20, no. 3 (2000): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0651:fsapom>2.3.co;2.
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Fernandez, Linda. "Maritime trade and migratory species management to protect biodiversity." Environmental and Resource Economics 38, no. 2 (2007): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9069-0.
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MCIVOR, CHARLOTTE. "When Social Policy Meets Performance Practice: Interculturalism, the European Union and the ‘Migratory and Refugee Crisis’." Theatre Research International 44, no. 3 (2019): 230–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000282.
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This article examines the relationship among migration, performance and intercultural dialogue as social policy in the European Union since the late 2000s. Intercultural dialogue is currently enjoying a second wave of prominence with several recently published reports by the European Union explicitly highlighting the relationship between this strategy's transformational possibilities and the role of the arts. Crucially, in both European social policy and performance theory today, interculturalism is increasingly used to mean an embodied practice and site of encounter that strategically multiplies – rather than binarizing or reifying – cultural differences between individuals and within groups. This article compares the work of three European theatre companies who describe their work as theatrical interculturalism and use it as a means of practising and furthering intercultural dialogue: Kloppend Hert (Belgium), Terra Nova Productions (Northern Ireland) and Outlandish Theatre Platform (Republic of Ireland).
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Koutsampelas, Christos, Mamas Theodorou, and Marios Kantaris. "Inequalities in Healthcare Provision to Third Country Nationals in Cyprus and the Prospect of a Promising Health Reform." Migration Letters 17, no. 1 (2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i1.680.
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The rise of migratory inflows in post-crisis Cyprus raised crucial policy challenges, one of which was about the urgent and pressing problem of their access to healthcare services. The old system was characterised by health inequalities that resulted in high unmet needs, especially among migrants from third countries. Drawing on a document analysis of legislative acts, official reports and research papers regarding national health policy, as well as pilot findings from the field, the main aim of this paper is to shed light on this situation and explore under what conditions the ongoing healthcare reform could address the problem of coverage and access to healthcare services for this vulnerable group.
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BEREZUTSKIY, YURI V., and NIKOLAY M. BAYKOV. "State youth policy and its role in social development." Public Administration 22, no. 5 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2020-22-5-12-18.
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The article presents the analysis of the state youth policy as an instrument of influence on the state and social development of youth, its social activity. The contradictions that exist between the performance indicators declared by the state policy and the real problems of youth, determined by the living conditions, are indicated. Based on the results of all-Russian and regional sociological studies and statistics, the motives of migratory movements of youth from their territories of residence to the centers of gravity of the country and foreign countries that have more attractive living and employment conditions for youth are justified. Using the example of the Russian Far East, the dysfunctional consequences of the clerical-bureaucratic approach laid down in the state youth policy to quantify the state of youth ignoring its large-scale migration outflow from the territories of residence are substantiated. Scientific and practical recommendations on improvement of indicators of the state youth policy promoting strengthening of its role in providing the basic needs of youth in various spheres of activity, especially in development of youth business are offered.
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Detjen, M., E. Sterling, and A. Gómez. "Stable isotopes in barnacles as a tool to understand green sea turtle (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>) regional movement patterns." Biogeosciences 12, no. 23 (2015): 7081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7081-2015.
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Abstract. Sea turtles are migratory animals that travel long distances between their feeding and breeding grounds. Traditional methods for researching sea turtle migratory behavior have important disadvantages, and the development of alternatives would enhance our ability to monitor and manage these globally endangered species. Here we report on the isotope signatures in green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) barnacles (Platylepas sp.) and discuss their potential relevance as tools with which to study green sea turtle migration and habitat use patterns. We analyzed oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios in barnacle calcite layers from specimens collected from green turtles captured at the Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (PANWR) in the central Pacific. Carbon isotopes were not informative in this study. However, the oxygen isotope results suggest likely regional movement patterns when mapped onto a predictive oxygen isotope map of the Pacific. Barnacle proxies could therefore complement other methods in understanding regional movement patterns, informing more effective conservation policy that takes into account connectivity between populations.
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Detjen, M., E. Sterling, and A. Gómez. "Stable isotopes in barnacles as a tool to understand green sea turtle (<i>Chelonia mydas</i>) regional movement patterns." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (2015): 4655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-4655-2015.
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Abstract. Sea turtles are migratory animals that travel long distances between their feeding and breeding grounds. Traditional methods for researching sea turtle migratory behavior have important disadvantages, and the development of alternatives would enhance our ability to monitor and manage these globally endangered species. Here we report on the isotope signatures in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) barnacles (Platylepas sp.) and discuss their potential relevance as tools with which to study green sea turtle migration and habitat use patterns. We analyzed oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios in barnacle calcite layers from specimens collected from green turtles captured at the Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (PANWR) in the Central Pacific. Carbon isotopes were not informative in this study. However, the oxygen isotope results suggest likely regional movement patterns when mapped onto a predictive oxygen isotope map of the Pacific. Barnacle proxies could therefore complement other methods in understanding regional movement patterns, informing more effective conservation policy that takes into account connectivity between populations.
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Sokos, Christos K., Periklis K. Birtsas, John W. Connelly, and Konstantinos G. Papaspyropoulos. "Hunting of migratory birds: disturbance intolerant or harvest tolerant?" Wildlife Biology 19, no. 2 (2013): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/12-032.
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Alpes, Maybritt Jill. "Bushfalling at All Cost: The Economy of Migratory Knowledge in Anglophone Cameroon." African Diaspora 5, no. 1 (2012): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254612x646189.
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Abstract Despite high financial costs, deportations and many frustrated departure attempts, young Anglophone Cameroonians maintain high aspirations for migration. In this article, I lay out the social rationalities of aspiring migrants, as well as the economic, symbolic and informational context of their emigration decisions. On the basis of three case studies, I analyze how information on emigration is controlled, processed, and evaluated. While discourses within migration policy often posit that aspiring migrants are naïve and uninformed, I demonstrate how migration choices and strategies are developed under circumstances more complex than can be grasped by the simplistic alternative between being informed or not informed about migratory risks. Rather than to consider flows of information, I argue what matters is whether or not information is trusted and how it is interpreted. By looking at the costs and gains of migration from the standpoint of aspiring migrants, this article shifts the focus towards migration dynamics at the point of departure.
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SAYARI, SABRI. "Migration Policies of Sending Countries: Perspectives on the Turkish Experience." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001008.
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During the 1960s and early 1970s, Turkey participated heavily in the process of labor migration from the Mediterranean basin to Western Europe. In addition to the policy preferences of advanced industrial European states and the demand for jobs in Europe by large numbers of Turks, Turkey's migration policies played a significant role in the expansion of the migratory flow. Turkish policymakers sought to use labor migration abroad to fulfill several objectives such as reducing unemployment and increasing the volume of foreign-exchange reserves through remittances. The migration of Turkish workers to Western Europe produced some significant results concerning these primary objectives. The policy of exporting workers, however, has also had important unintended consequences and problems for Turkey.
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Kozakowski, Michael A. "Making “Mediterranean Migrants”: Geopolitical Transitions, Migratory Policy, and French Conceptions of the Mediterranean in the 20th Century." Cahiers de la Méditerranée, no. 89 (December 1, 2014): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cdlm.7776.
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Munro, Gordon R. "Extended jurisdiction and the management of Pacific highly migratory species." Ocean Development & International Law 21, no. 3 (1990): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908329009545938.
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Henny, Charles J., Robert J. Hallock, and Elwood F. Hill. "Cyanide and migratory birds at gold mines in Nevada, USA." Ecotoxicology 3, no. 1 (1994): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00121387.
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Geiger, Martin. "Migration Management in Albania Mapping and Evaluating Outside Intervention." MIGRATION LETTERS 4, no. 2 (2014): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v4i2.215.
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Unwanted migratory flows from Albania serve as a justification for external interventions aimed at regulating migration ‘from within’. Over the last years the exertions of a number of international organizations have led to a situation of deadlock. Overriding vested interests seem to block a national ownership: Albanian government is not yet empowered to assume full control over its migration policy. While remaining in anxiety for new emigration waves, the international stakeholders share a general mistrust in local institutions to regulate migration in an effective manner.