Journal articles: 'Migratory Workers'

1

Velikii, P. P. "Migratory Workers in Russia." Sociological Research 51, no. 1 (2012): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154510101.

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Lopata, A. L., B. Fenemore, M. F. Jeebhay, G. Gäde, and P. C. Potter. "Occupational allergy in laboratory workers caused by the African migratory grasshopperLocusta migratoria." Allergy 60, no. 2 (2005): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00661.x.

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Alaniz, Maria Luisa. "MIGRATION, ACCULTURATION, DISPLACEMENT: MIGRATORY WORKERS AND “SUBSTANCE ABUSE”." Substance Use & Misuse 37, no. 8-10 (2002): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120004182.

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Lin, Ying-Ying, Diana Petrosyan, and Ching-Tien Peng. "Cross-countries migratory workers and tuberculosis: Lessons from Armenia." Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 116, no. 11 (2017): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2017.06.010.

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Castles, Stephen. "The Guest-Worker in Western Europe — An Obituary." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (1986): 761–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000402.

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Most West European countries recruited guest-workers (temporary labor migrants) to fuel the postwar boom. The significance of this flexible and mobile labor source is examined for six countries. The dynamics of the migratory process led to family reunification and settlement, against the original intentions of the workers, employers and states concerned. The recruitment of guest-workers stopped after 1974, but many migrants stayed on, becoming permanent ethnic minorities, in a situation of economic and social crisis. It is argued that guest-worker systems inevitably lead to permanent migration in the long run, and that it is better to plan for orderly settlement through appropriate policies.

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Truzyan, Nune, Byron Crape, Ruzanna Grigoryan, Hripsime Martirosyan, and Varduhi Petrosyan. "Increased Risk for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Migratory Workers, Armenia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 21, no. 3 (2015): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2103.140474.

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Holmes, Heather. "Constructing Identities of the Irish Migratory Potato Workers in Scotland." Folk Life 43, no. 1 (2004): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/flk.2004.43.1.32.

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Ferro, Anna. "Desired mobility or satisfied immobility? Migratory aspirations among knowledge workers." Journal of Education and Work 19, no. 2 (2006): 171–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13639080600668028.

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Holmes, Heather. "Constructing Identities of the Irish Migratory Potato Workers in Scotland." Folk Life - Journal of Ethnological Studies 43, no. 1 (2004): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/043087704798237137.

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Holmes, Heather. "Organising the Irish Migratory Potato Workers: The Efforts in the Early Twentieth Century." Rural History 11, no. 2 (2000): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002107.

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In the writing on institutional organisation and collective strike action among agricultural workers in Lowland Scotland during the early twentieth century until the outbreak of the Second World War, Richard Anthony has provided an extensive discussion on farm servants.2 However, in general, little attention has been given to casually employed workers. One such group, known as the Achill workers or the Irish ‘tattie howkers’, employed to harvest the potato crop in south-western and central Scotland, attempted to organise themselves and pursued collective strike action on a number of occasions. That group, which comprised some 1,500 to 2,000 workers, undertook strike action in 1907. That action was followed by intensive campaigns in 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1938; a further attempted strike was also reported in 1912. Much of their collective action was assisted by institutional support from unions which were already organising workers. But workers also attempted to organise themselves with the assistance of these existing unions in the years 1918 to 1921, 1925, 1926 and 1929, and to form their own union in 1909, 1910 and 1938. This paper will examine these attempts during this period.

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Harper, Scott E., and Alan M. Martin. "Transnational Migratory Labor and Filipino Fathers." Journal of Family Issues 34, no. 2 (2012): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x12462364.

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Transnational migratory labor remains a primary method many Filipinos use in an effort to gain financial security for their families. Based on data collected from an urban Southern Visayan province during the summer of 2007, this study examined a sample of 116 OFW (Overseas Filipino Workers) families and a sample of 99 traditional two-parent households. Comparative analyses revealed that mothers from OFW families demonstrated lower levels of warmth when compared with mothers from two-parent homes. Children from OFW families were reported to demonstrate greater internalizing and externalizing problems when compared with children from homes in which both parents lived in the home. Subsequent regression analyses showed that fathers who worked abroad may contribute to mother behaviors and child outcomes in certain direct and indirect paths.

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HOLLIFIELD, JAMES F. "Immigration Policy in France and Germany: Outputs versus Outcomes." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001010.

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This article looks at the successes and failures of immigration policy in France and Germany. Particular attention is given to comparing immigration and foreign-worker policies—outputs—and the results of these policies—outcomes—in each state since the suspension of immigration in the mid-1970s. The analysis of the French and German experiences suggests that the gap between outputs and outcomes results from the inability of the state fully to control the migratory process. Inevitably, many foreign workers will choose to settle in the country in which they work. Stopping the movement of workers into and out of the country and suspending immigration tends to speed up the process of settlement and increase family and seasonal immigration. The principal lesson for other industrial democracies is that suspending immigration and exporting workers is not an effective way to solve employment problems.

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Wagoner, Rietta S., Nicolas I. López-Gálvez, Jill G. de Zapien, Stephanie C. Griffin, Robert A. Canales, and Paloma I. Beamer. "An Occupational Heat Stress and Hydration Assessment of Agricultural Workers in North Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062102.

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Expanding agribusiness in Northern Mexico has increased demand for workers from Southern Mexico, with hundreds of thousands migrating for work annually. Extreme temperatures, physical labor, and low fluid consumption place workers at risk for heat strain and dehydration, commonly underreported hazards in the agricultural industry. The objectives of this pilot study were to assess heat exposure and hydration status of a population of migratory agricultural workers in Northern Mexico throughout the grape harvest season. In addition to demographic information, environmental conditions, hydration status, and core body temperatures were collected. The majority listed Chiapas as their home state, nearly half spoke an Indigenous language, and none had completed high school. The wet-bulb globe temperature was significantly higher during the harvest and post-harvest seasons compared to the pre-harvest season. Across the different seasons, the majority were dehydrated post-shift, and mean core body temperature of workers was not significantly different. This project highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve hydration and prevent heat stress in this region. As the number of warm days is expected to rise each year worldwide, it will be increasingly important to engage in practices to protect vulnerable populations, such as migratory agriculture workers.

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Akyol, Ethem, Mustafa Güneşdoğdu, and Ayhan Ceyhan. "Koloni Verimliliğini Artıran Yeni Bir Kovan Modeli." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.183-185.3132.

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Migratory beekeeping, has become an important issue in increasing productivity of colony, but today it has become an important challenge to find staff to load and unload bees. The necessity of carrying bee transportation usually between illusions and at night time, as well as the problem of not finding the workers to work due to bee insertion problems have also brought about. In addition to the transportation of beekeeping between the cities in the migratory beekeeping, it is another factor that increases the operating expenses, even if the colonies are both loaded and unloaded and require separate labor costs. As a consequence, it is difficult to find the workers in the transportation of bees and because of the high cost of labor, the traveling bee is getting away from being economical. The constant increase in fuel prices and the increase in transportation costs are another negative factor that adversely affects migratory beekeeping negatively. Due to these problems of loading and downloading bees, although they are not satisfied with the place where they put a beekeeper, they can not change their place quickly and have to spend the season inefficiently.

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Leal, Diego F., Ragini Saira Malhotra, and Joya Misra. "Visualizing Feminized International Migration Flows in the 1990s." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311881994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118819940.

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The authors estimate migration flows of women in the 1990s at a global scale and provide a description of these migratory movements. The authors produce these data combining the 2011 World Bank Global Migrant Stock Database and state-of-the-art techniques to estimate migratory flows from stock data. The authors examine these flows in light of the global demand for care workers in the 1990s, showing that migration flows of women in that decade map onto the global care chains discussed in the qualitative literature. The data show that feminized migration flows in the period under analysis have a strong regional component. Yet the data also show that some of the largest feminized migratory corridors are in fact cross-regional.

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Enache, Nicoleta. "THE RIGHTS OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS DURING THE PANDEMIC." Revue Européenne du Droit Social 53, no. 4 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.53.4.036.

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International migration characterizes contemporary social and economic life. As governments around the world take on this reality, they face the challenge of developing effective cooperation in this area. Migration is closely linked to the broader global transformations of the economic spheres, social, political and technological problems that affect a wide variety of political problems at a high level, and labor migration responds to the challenges posed by these changes that require presence of foreign workers in industrialized countries. Most migrants respond to employment problems and, in this regard, the International Labor Organization has been particularly concerned about employment prospects and migratory flows.

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Grazia, Moffa. "The new Italian emigration between necessity and choice: “Cordless workers” in Athens." Academicus International Scientific Journal 23 (January 2021): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2021.23.06.

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Statistics show that the new Italian emigration presents a plurality of directions: alongside the resumption of flows in the direction of the more traditional destinations, there are now migratory currents in the most diverse directions, including areas that are weak or lagging behind Italy. This novelty opens new interesting questions for the sociology of migration. This contribution highlights the necessity to face the study of �mobility� through interpretative approaches capable of grasping the pluralistic material and immaterial �spaces� designed by the new migratory trajectories. Therefore, we explore the South-South direction, which has remained at the margins of research and debate, trying to add a new piece to the increasingly complex picture of the Italian presence abroad. In the first part of the paper we will focus on some theoretical and demographic aspects considered relevant for the study of the new Italian emigration, with the aim of bringing out the complexity of the phenomenon. In the second part, after a brief methodological note, the results of a qualitative research carried out on the new Italian emigration to Athens will be presented in order to grasp its specific aspects.

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Knotter, Ad. "Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)." International Review of Social History 59, no. 3 (2014): 409–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859014000443.

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AbstractSeveral authors have argued that one of the main goals of the International Working Men's Association was to control transnational labour markets. In the eyes of trade unionists, especially in Britain, uncontrolled cross-border migratory movements threatened to undermine wage standards and working conditions. Their solution was to organize internationally, both to prevent strike-breaking and wage-cutting by workers from abroad, and to support unions elsewhere to raise wage standards in their home countries. Cigar-makers operated on a cross-border labour market and were very prominent in the First International. In this article I describe the connections between the German, British, Dutch, Belgian, and American cigar-makers as migratory workers, and their actions to stimulate, support, and coordinate trade unions internationally. I argue that the international cooperation of cigar-makers was primarily motivated by a wish to regulate their cross-border labour market, not so much by an abstract ideal of international solidarity.

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Danaher, P. A. "Places and Spaces for Circus Performers and Show People as Australian Migratory Workers." Sociologia Ruralis 50, no. 3 (2010): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2010.00514.x.

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Piscitelli, Adriana. "Revisiting notions of sex trafficking and victims." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, no. 1 (2012): 274–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100010.

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This article examines the migratory processes and work experiences of Brazilian female sex workers active in Spain. It is based on ethnographic research conducted over eleven months, at different moments between November 2004 and January 2012, in Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao and Granada. The principal argument is that the notions of prostitution and international human trafficking held by Brazilian sex workers clash with those found in the current public debate of these issues. Brazilian migrant sex workers' acts and beliefs defy political and cultural protocols on the national and international level, and fly in the face of the 'destiny' that Brazilian society laid out for these individuals.

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Constable, Nicole. "Migrant Motherhood, ‘Failed Migration’, and the Gendered Risks of Precarious Labour." TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 3, no. 1 (2014): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2014.13.

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AbstractThis article offers an ethnographically-based counterpoint to recent optimistic macro-approaches to the “migration-development nexus” that view international labour migrants as “agents of change,” depict migration as a win-win for the sending and receiving states, and associate migration with positive changes in the sending community, including the influx of monetary remittances and the entry of new ideas, such as gender equity and human rights (Faist 2008). Based on over sixteen months of ethnographic field research among Indonesian and Filipino migrant workers who became mothers in Hong Kong, I argue that it is important to consider examples of so-called ‘failed migration’ (not only migratory successes) in order to fully understand the costs of migration, including the gendered risks and gendered inequalities. Cases of migrant mothers vividly reveal how migratory ‘failures’ are often blamed on women's individual gendered moral shortcomings, but as I argue, their experiences, and those of all migrant workers, must be understood within specific contexts of precarious labour migration and Asian neoliberal policies of exception in Asia.

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Huang, Junting. "Bordering domesticity: Filipina domestic workers in Hong Kong’s contemporary art." Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 8, no. 1 (2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00036_1.

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Since the 1970s, hundreds of thousands of migrant domestic workers from the Philippines have moved to Hong Kong. As they filled the city’s growing demand for care work, they also altered the city’s art practice and cultural landscape. In this article, I propose to consider a double meaning of ‘domesticity’ ‐ in both the language of motherhood and motherland ‐ as a productive framework to investigate the migratory experience of Filipina domestic workers. Focusing on Cedric Maridet’s Filipina Heterotopia and Xyza Cruz Bacani’s We Are Like Air, I examine how ‘domesticity’ has become particularly pertinent to understanding the ‘border’ through the movement of bodies and the global transferral of care labour.

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Liao, Tim F., and Rebecca Yiqing Gan. "Filipino and Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Hong Kong: Their Life Courses in Migration." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 6 (2020): 740–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220910229.

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This article presents a portrayal of Filipino and Indonesian female domestic workers’ life courses in migration, using the life history calendar data from the 2017 survey of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Applying sequence analysis, we first analyzed migration trajectory features such as individual migration trajectories, duration spent in each state, and longitudinal diversity of state distributions. We found that Indonesian domestic workers, compared with their Filipino counterparts, are more diverse in their migration histories, indicating involvements in serial migration. We also conducted a cluster analysis of the domestic workers’ migratory trajectories. The analysis yielded three meaningful clusters/types of migrant workers—those moved late in life, those who participated in serial migration, and those migrated directly from their home country to Hong Kong. Finally, we investigated the effect of a complex migration history on job satisfaction and the characteristics of membership in the three ideal-typical migration types among the domestic workers older than 39 years.

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Pren, Karen A., and Luis Enrique González-Araiza. "Temporary Workers in the United States and Canada: Migrant Flows and Labor Outcomes." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 684, no. 1 (2019): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219857700.

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This article analyzes migratory flows and labor outcomes for temporary migrants from Mexico who participate in the H-2A visa program in the United States and the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program in Canada. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we analyze the determinants of taking a first trip to each country with temporary work documents, the financial and labor circumstances that migrants experience while working abroad, and the factors that determine the likelihood and amount of money sent home to Mexico as remittances or held onto and brought home to Mexico as savings. We find that temporary agricultural workers migrating to both countries come from rural backgrounds, but those working in the United States earn higher wages and experience shorter workdays than those in Canada. Nevertheless, total annual work hours and earnings are quite similar for both groups of migrants. We observe few differences between the two groups in remittance amounts sent home, but find that temporary workers in the United States return home with more savings than do those working in Canada.

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Holmes, Heather. "Improving the Housing Conditions for the Irish Migratory Potato Workers in Scotland: The Work of the Bishops' (Gresham) Committee, 1920–1923." Rural History 9, no. 1 (1998): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001448.

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In central and south-western Scotland, squads or groups of Irish migratory seasonal workers, largely comprised of women and teenagers from Mayo, Donegal and Galway, were employed by Scottish potato merchants to harvest the potato crop throughout the harvesting season which extended from June until late October or November. As migratory workers, they started their employment in Ayrshire and Wigtownshire, to deal with the first earlies, and then moved eastwards into the Lothians, and northwards into Fife, Perthshire and Angus, to harvest the later ripening first earlies, second earlies and maincrops. As they moved their employment from farm to farm, staying at each from a few days to as long as six weeks, they lived on or close to the farms where they worked. They were usually accommodated in ‘bothies’, farm buildings such as byres, stables, lofts, stores, barns, stables, potato sheds, disused farm cottages and farm houses, all of which were converted into temporary accommodation for the workers. This accommodation was subject to much criticism and many attempts were made to try to improve its condition, not only by legislative control, but through other action, for example by trade unions and specially appointed committees. Of these channels, the latter (non-legislative means) has received very little attention by scholars and much of it is little known.

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Christensen, Karen. "Life Trajectories of Migrant Care Workers in the Long-Term Care Sectors in Norway and the UK." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 4 (2017): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000252.

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An ageing population in Europe is currently putting pressure on long-term care services, creating demand for foreign workers. Using a life-course perspective, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of how life trajectories shape decisions about migration and employment in social care. Based on fifty-one life story interviews with migrant care workers in Norway and UK, two typologies are found: a Norwegian migrant life trajectory of downwards social mobility combined with settlement and a British trajectory combining stronger downwards social mobility with further migration. The article contributes to the discussion of contextualised migratory lives involving care work.

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Schlehofer, Michèle M., and Tina P. Brown-Reid. "Breast Health Beliefs, Behaviors, and Barriers Among Latina Permanent Resident and Migratory Farm Workers." Journal of Community Health Nursing 32, no. 2 (2015): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2015.1024541.

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Martínez, Rafael Viruela. "The Romanian Migrants in Spain. An Exceptional Migratory Flow." International Review of Social Research 1, no. 1 (2011): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2011-0002.

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Abstract The Romanian population is the most important foreign population in Spain. Romanian migrants are characterized by their large number (about 800.000 residents and 268.000 contract workers) and their rapid growth. The economic and labour motivation for migration determines their geographical distribution, with high numbers of Romanian migrants in cities and in areas of agricultural, industrial and tourist industries. However, a high proportion of Romanian migrants also live in small towns and rural areas. Most of them were already illegal migrants when Romania entered the EU and they became EU citizens. From January 1st 2009, these once illegal migrants now have full freedom of employment in Spain. They adapt to circumstances of each period of time, in order to enter or to remain in the Spanish labour market. Most work in construction and agriculture as well as domestic services, trade, tourism and industries. The current economic crisis and the resulting unemployment have raised the issue of return migration to Romania.

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Killias, Olivia. "‘Illegal’ Migration as Resistance: Legality, Morality and Coercion in Indonesian Domestic Worker Migration to Malaysia." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 6 (2010): 897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x530796.

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AbstractThis article explores dominant discourses on ‘illegal’ migrants in the context of contemporary Indonesian labour migration to Malaysia. By focusing on the particular case of migrant domestic workers, it discusses recent political moves undertaken by both nation-states to regularise migratory movements. These state-induced efforts at regularising transnational migration have been promoted as combating trafficking and ‘illegal’ migration, but they have led to the legitimisation of a migration scheme that has much in common with colonial indentured labour. Hence, the paper argues that this ‘legal,’ state-sanctioned migration scheme gradually leads domestic workers into ‘legal’ — but bonded — labour arrangements and that the labour contract, as such, needs to be analysed as an instrument of subordination. Through the counter-narrative of Arum, an Indonesian domestic worker performing her work ‘illegally’ in Malaysia, the paper then goes on to argue that to migrate through ‘illegal’ migration channels can be interpreted as an act of voluntarily circumventing the ‘legal,’ state-sanctioned migration scheme. Thus, ‘illegal’ migration can be equated with deliberately resisting a coercive system.

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Boggess, Bethany, and Hilda Ochoa Bogue. "The health of U.S. agricultural worker families: A descriptive study of over 790,000 migratory and seasonal agricultural workers and dependents." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 27, no. 2 (2016): 778–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2016.0089.

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Peck, Gunther. "Migrant Labor and Global Commons: Transnational Subjects, Visions, and Methods." International Labor and Working-Class History 85 (2014): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000501.

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AbstractDespite the prominence of both migrant workers and “global commons” as protagonists in recent meetings of the World Social Forum, few activists or scholars have successfully linked their historical agency or significance. In the following essay, I locate conceptual starting points for linking migrant workers and global commons by analyzing the work of the transnational and the commons in political conversation at the WSF and in the historiographies of immigration and the environment in North America. I argue that the transnational and global commons are best understood as analytical vantages rather than as utopian visions of nation-state transcendence. Using research into the history of human trafficking, I explore the analytical advantages of linking migrant workers to global commons. As inevitable trespassers of both national sovereignty and property claims, migrant workers' journeys help reveal a global commons that is, like them, migratory, fleeting, and often illegible to the state authorities. Such commons are not pristine wildernesses, but polyglots of weedy hybrids. Migrant workers' transnational vantages illuminate the limits of enclosure and the enduring adaptability of nonhuman nature across national boundaries.

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Muthanna, Assist Instr Ansam. "John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 216, no. 1 (2018): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v216i1.581.

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John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath(1939) exposes the desperate conditions that surrounded the migratory farm families in America during the year of the Great Depression from the Naturalistic point of view. It combines his adoration of the land and his simple hatred of the corruption resulting from Materialism and his faith in common to overcome his hostile environment. It attempts to present the problem of the workers of the lower classes, and exposes the unusual family, conditions under which the Joads, the migratory farm family, was forced to live during these years. The progress the government intended to spread on the Oklahoma fields and ranches sheltered families a part and reduced the migrants to beggars suffering from deprivation and hunger. His California novels attack the counterfeited image of paradise that people held when they set their migration to California.

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SAYARI, SABRI. "Migration Policies of Sending Countries: Perspectives on the Turkish Experience." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 485, no. 1 (1986): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286485001008.

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During the 1960s and early 1970s, Turkey participated heavily in the process of labor migration from the Mediterranean basin to Western Europe. In addition to the policy preferences of advanced industrial European states and the demand for jobs in Europe by large numbers of Turks, Turkey's migration policies played a significant role in the expansion of the migratory flow. Turkish policymakers sought to use labor migration abroad to fulfill several objectives such as reducing unemployment and increasing the volume of foreign-exchange reserves through remittances. The migration of Turkish workers to Western Europe produced some significant results concerning these primary objectives. The policy of exporting workers, however, has also had important unintended consequences and problems for Turkey.

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Delgado, Joedson De Souza, and Aline Roberta Halik. "SOCIAL SECURITY RIGHTS AND GUARANTEES OF SOUTHERN COMMOM MARKET MIGRANT WORKERS." Revista Direito & Paz 1, no. 38 (2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.32713/rdp.v1i38.949.

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This article revises literature regarding the portability of resources, which constitute social security savings of the migrant workers who live regular and permanently or temporarily in Southern Common Market region. Based on an intuitive approach, resulting from a reality critical theory, the study starts debating migratory process and human development, which demands mobilizing internal and external savings, in order to finance their insured benefits. For this reason, Social Security International Conventions and Treaties – to be ratified by two or more signatory countries – should to guarantee the portability of social security benefits through simplifying the transference of resources and protecting the rights of MERCOSUR’s migrants. Social security is not only important to build a more equal and fair society, but is also a social right protected by public authorities/law that enhance the economic, financial and social development of a country.

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Wanner, Philippe, Jonathan Zufferey, and Juliette Fioretta. "The Impact of Migratory Flows on the Swiss Labour Market. A Comparison Between In- and Outflow." Migration Letters 13, no. 3 (2016): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i3.293.

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International labour migration in post-industrial countries raises numerous questions. A wide range of studies have been published on the impact of immigration on the labour market but only few studies take into account both arrivals (immigrations) and departures (emigrations), rather than only the role of newcomers on the labour market. This paper is based on a Swiss Longitudinal Demographic Database which links data from Population and Household Registers, administrative registers, and surveys. In particular, the Swiss Population Register provides the date of arrival or departure of immigrants/emigrants while the Structural Survey provides information on their characteristics and position on the labour market. Based on these data, this paper compares the socioeconomic characteristics of both immigrants and emigrants arrived in Switzerland during the period 2011-2013 or having left the country during the same period, a time span characterized by a yearly net migration of + 80,000 and a rapid economic growth. In terms of level of education, every category is characterized by a positive migration balance, which is not surprising: the economic growth observed in Switzerland during the period led to a demand on the labour market for both skilled and unskilled migrants. More precisely, migratory flows counterbalanced the erosion of the low and averagely skilled working-age non-migrating population and contributed to approximately one third of the increase in the number of highly skilled workers in the labour market. Concerning the occupations, the impact of the migration balance is highest among managers and sales workers. The paper also demonstrates that the migratory flows contribute to balance the decrease in the low and averagely skilled positions and to partially fulfil the economy’s demand for highly skilled workers.

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Andersson, Jens A. "Reinterpreting the Rural–Urban Connection: Migration Practices and Socio-Cultural Dispositions of Buhera Workers in Harare." Africa 71, no. 1 (2001): 82–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.1.82.

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AbstractIn the academic debate on labour migration and urbanisation in Southern Africa the persistence of links between urban workers and people in rural areas has proved a pertinent issue. As is implied by the termlabour migration, economic forces have always been regarded as a major determinant of migratory behaviour. State-centred perspectives have dominated studies of rural–urban migration in Zimbabwe, where a restrictive legal framework regulated migration to urban centres during the colonial era in an attempt to prevent large numbers of Africans becoming permanent town dwellers. This ethnographic study of labour migrants in Harare originating from the Buhera district, however, shifts away from perspectives that reduce migratory behaviour to an effect of state intervention and/or economic forces. Such external forces are mediated by migrants’ networks that encompass both rural and urban localities. Rather than being only economically motivated, individual migrants’ participation in these networks has to be understood as an expression of a socio-cultural pattern in which rural identification and kinship ideology are of major importance. Viewing migration practices in this way—i.e. as observable outcomes of migrants’ socio-cultural dispositions—not only helps us to understand better the preferences that motivate economic behaviour but also challenges conventional perspectives in which the rural and urban are often viewed as distinct social worlds and the urbanisation process as part of a wider evolutionary development or transition towards a modern class society.

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González, Alejandro López, and María Jesús González-González. "Third demographic transition and demographic dividend: An application based on panel data analysis." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 42, no. 42 (2018): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0031.

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Abstract The third demographic transition, barely mentioned by some authors and implicit for others, refers to changes in the demographic structures of the most developed countries promoted by the most recent migratory flows, with repercussions in aspects such as age structure or the composition of the labour market. The concept of the third demographic transition revolves around the increasing presence of foreigners, many of whom take up jobs that nationals reject, as well as other more skilled posts. Using the panel data methodology, we try to explain the third demographic dividend whose impact can be seen in the labour market. The results enable us to conclude that the foreign worker differential puts downward pressure on salaries, which affects other groups. If workers are available and policies are constructive, this leads to positive results and social wealth.

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Thu Huong, Lê. "A New Portrait of Indentured Labour: Vietnamese Labour Migration to Malaysia." Asian Journal of Social Science 38, no. 6 (2010): 880–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853110x530787.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the recruitment procedure and the gradual loss of autonomy of low-skilled migrant workers in international labour migration, by using the example of Vietnamese workers’ trajectories to Malaysia. It argues that debates on indentured labour and all other forms of bonded labour remain relevant today as new manifestations of the practice are now concealed behind extensive economic exchanges and inter-state economic cooperation. A detailed study of the process of Vietnamese labour migration shows how migratory trajectories that start from ‘voluntary’ indebtedness eventually lead to a status of subordinate and immobilised guest workers in Malaysia. The interrelations between debt and contracts play here a central role. Encouraged by the promising messages of local recruiters and the official support for migration, candidate workers readily consent to sign the triple contracts that will lead them to work in Malaysia. In the process, they gradually get entangled in a web of obligations towards their recruiter, their state (bank) and their employer, leading to severe restrictions in their autonomy over life and work in Malaysia.

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Weathers, A., C. Minkovitz, P. O'Campo, and M. Diener-West. "Health Services Use by Children of Migratory Agricultural Workers: Exploring the Role of Need for Care." PEDIATRICS 111, no. 5 (2003): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.5.956.

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Cash, Kathleen, Bupa Anansuchatkul, and Wantana Busayawong. "Understanding the Psychosocial Aspects of HIV/AIDS Prevention for Northern Thai Single Adolescent Migratory Women Workers." Applied Psychology 48, no. 2 (1999): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00053.x.

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Apanovich, Maria Yurievna. "Attractiveness Assessment of the American Labour Market for the High Qualified Specialists: A Case of Doctors." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (2019): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-490-498.

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The article describes the migration of highly qualified specialists, using the case of medical workers in the United States. The theory of Kurt Levin and its later modifications, that explain the attractiveness of certain labor markets for workers, serve as a theoretical basis. The study aims at examining a separate area and the reasons for its attractiveness to foreign labor, as well as assessing the prospects for the inflow or outflow of human capital in the medical industry. The American case is of a special research interest due to the national peculiarities of educational programs for medical workers in particular - the duration and the need of confirmation the qualifications by passing the so called qualification exams. The national system of selecting medical personnel for vacant positions throughout the country is also of interest, as it provides for an element of quotas (allocation of a certain number of jobs for foreign labor) and an element of competitiveness (The National Resident Matching Program). Such a combined system allows the state to maintain a balance in the distribution of seats among US citizens and citizens of other states and at the same time strive to attract the best specialists in medicine on an adversarial basis. The study also reveals a pattern in the share of popularity of certain medical specialties among the migratory and non-migratory population, which allows us to draw conclusions about the possibility of a further more or less influx of foreigners into the positions of narrowly targeted doctors. In general, it can be summarized that the analysis of foreign labor on the example of the United States, as well as government measures to stimulate or restrict access by non-residents to this area, is quite significant and in some way useful as a possible strategy to follow for other countries, including the Russian Federation.

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Weathers, A., C. Minkovitz, P. O'Campo, and M. Diener-West. "Access to Care for Children of Migratory Agricultural Workers: Factors Associated With Unmet Need for Medical Care." PEDIATRICS 113, no. 4 (2004): e276-e282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.4.e276.

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Hong, Yan, Xiaoming Li, Hongmei Yang, Xiaoyi Fang, and Ran Zhao. "HIV/AIDS-related sexual risks and migratory status among female sex workers in a rural Chinese county." AIDS Care 21, no. 2 (2009): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120801932165.

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Fellini, Ivana, Anna Ferro, and Giovanna Fullin. "Recruitment processes and labour mobility: the construction industry in Europe." Work, Employment and Society 21, no. 2 (2007): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017007076635.

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Migration studies analysing firms' recruitment behaviour are quite limited.This article, built around and examining a demand-driven labour migration hypothesis, explores how recruitment decisions by companies can affect international migratory flows. The study focuses on the construction industry, where a foreign (nondomestic, or expatriate) labour force forms a major component. Through a cross-country comparison, we highlight the impact of the characteristics of the sector and of labour market conditions on recruitment decisions impinging on foreign (non-domestic, or expatriate) labour.The article finally suggests a typology of strategies that construction companies may adopt in order to recruit foreign workers, and it analyses those factors that influence the different decisions in each national context. By considering in depth the relationship between recruitment strategies and patterns of international labour mobility, it is then explained why a company's behaviour can either produce immobility or mobility of foreign workers.

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John, Julia Castro, and Renato Duro Dias. "Decolonial view for the category of “economic refugees”." Revista Española de Educación Comparada, no. 35 (December 20, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.35.2020.25241.

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The present research is based on the theoretical perspective of decoloniality, to understand the analytical and juridical category named "economic refugee", through bibliographical review and empirical research. It is concluded that the migratory wave existing in Brazil can not be observed from a single category, given the complexity of the phenomenon and diversity of the subjects under analysis. They are economic refugees in some cases and social migration in others, but in general, they are workers in search of better living conditions, who end up finding in the informal/precarious work in Brazil a way of sustenance of their families.

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Okyay, Ramazan Azim, Ferdi Tanır, and Pelin Mutlu Ağaoğlu. "Occupational health and safety characteristics of agricultural workers in Adana, Turkey: a cross-sectional study." PeerJ 6 (June 1, 2018): e4952. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4952.

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Background Among agricultural workers, especially in the seasonal migratory ones, housing and hygiene related issues, occupational accidents, low levels of education, poverty and absence of social security problems emerge as significant public health problems. This study aims to compare migrant-seasonal workers (MSWs) and resident agricultural workers (RAWs) in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and occupational health and safety in Adana, one of Turkey’s most important agricultural cities. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on RAWs and MSWs, aged 15–65, operating in the province of Adana. The calculated sample sizes for both MSWs and RAWs were distributed using stratified simple random sampling to five districts of Adana. Results The mean age of the 798 participating agricultural workers was 34.6 ± 14.2. Of the RAWs, 78.8% and of the MSWs 57.0% were male; 5.8% of RAWs and 32.8% of MSWs were illiterate. The mean number of people in the households of the participating workers was 5.1 for RAWs and 6.6 for MSWs. Of the RAWs, 20.5% were not covered by any social security scheme while this percentage was 35.1% in MSWs. RAWs worked 9.9 h a day while MSWs worked 10.9 h a day. Of the agricultural workers, 12.9% had injuries caused by occupational accidents. Discussion Agricultural workers, who are a large part of Turkey’s economically active population, do not have healthy and safe working conditions. New regulations in the fields of social security, record keeping, monitoring, supervision, education and occupational health have been implemented recently to solve these problems. Despite the recent improvements there are still some problematic issues in the auditing of the necessary practices.

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Doiczman-Łoboda, Natasza. "Development opportunities for adolescents growing up in migratory families in the context of hope of success." Praca Socjalna 33, no. 3 (2018): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7382.

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The article addresses the problem of hope for success among adolescents growing up in migrant families. This issue is related to the problems of social work, family sociology, and psychology of human development. The knowledge of development opportunities for young people from migrant families may be of particular cognitive value for social workers who face the protective potential of the migrant family in practice. Parents’ departure leads to children becoming independent rapidly, and to family influence on the individual’s life becoming shorter. Many researchers deal with the problem of the negative consequences of migration separation for child development. Few works show the development opportunities and potential of people growing up in families that are spatially separated due to migration. The article describes a fragment of youth’s functioning who had to undertake new duties because of their parents’ departure, such as: taking over the care of their siblings, running their household, and looking after their grandparents with whom they live in the absence of their parents. To determine the level of hope for success among those young people, the Hope for Success Questionnaire by Mariola Łaguna, Jerzy Trzebiński, and Mariusz Zięba was used. The study covered 87 teenagers attending upper-secondary schools in Kujawy-Pomerania Province. The control group consisted of young people whose parents did not migrate abroad for economic reasons, while the criterion group consisted of adolescents growing up in disconnected families. Social workers’ activities include providing help to families. The knowledge of the specific functioning of migration families can help to better support such families. The article aims to discuss the issue of adolescents growing up in migrant families who, because of their parents’ economic migration, must face new responsibilities, often typical of an adult and inadequate for their developmental level.

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Olebogeng, David Daw. "Challenges and Opportunity of Housing for Black Miner in South Africa." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 1 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v6i1.p28-36.

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Mine companies are experiencing a change in the political system of the country (South Africa). This political change from apartheid government to the government of Democratic has brought about a totally different system of government; this change has led to the transformation of mines companies from employment section to housing of mineworkers from their operation system, how are the mines companies / houses dealing with this change? Changes in the political and economy of the gold mining in the 1970s - 1980s have prompted management to begin moving away from migratory labour and implementing alternative accommodation strategies for black mine workers. The paper aims to provide some understanding of the current housing situation and housing needs of mineworkers more than a decade after the abolition of the legislation which had shaped the living environments of mineworkers in South Africa, and will look at the different I alternative approaches for housing black mine workers and how they can afford housing.

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Teo, Youyenn. "Whose Family Matters? Work–Care–Migration Regimes and Class Inequalities in Singapore." Critical Sociology 44, no. 7-8 (2018): 1133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517748498.

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Scholars have highlighted the multiple dimensions of care and its intersections with migratory patterns to collectively show that there are wide-ranging and sometimes unintended consequences to the global intensification of migrant care labor. This article focuses not on migrant workers themselves, nor on people who hire them. Instead, it throws into the mix a class of people who do not have access to migrant care workers, but who nonetheless live in a society where norms and standards are set by people who do. I argue that under the current work–care–migration regime in Singapore, low-income families’ needs are overlooked. As feminist scholars and activists challenge existing state policies, societal norms, and corporate practices, we must continually insert into conversation the question of class variations and inequalities. The article makes the case for an expanded view in thinking about the effects of paid domestic work on public policy and the wellbeing of various groups in society and along the global care chain.

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Weathers, Andrea C., and Herbert G. Garrison. "Children of migratory agricultural workers: the ecological context of acute care for a mobile population of immigrant children." Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 5, no. 2 (2004): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpem.2004.01.008.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Migratory Workers'

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