Academic literature on the topic 'Mikobiota'

Fusarium semitectum is a pathogenic fungus causing fruit rot of banana fruits. Biological control agents have been used as an alternative to control postharvest diseases. The objective of this study was to test antagonistic potential of mycobiota of banana fruits (Musa cuminata cultivar Lampung) against F. semitectum BIO 91055. The tested fungi were isolated from healthy banana cultivar Lampung collected from Gembrong market located in Bogor using serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method. Test of antagonism activity was carried out using dual culture method. Seventeen fungal isolates were isolated, they consisted of 14 filamentous fungal isolates and 3 yeast isolates. Four filamentous fungal isolates inhibited the growth of F. semitectum BIO 91055 more than 70%, they were Aspergillus niger, Cercosporella sp., Plectosphaerella sp., and Trichoderma hamatum. Three isolates (Cercosporella sp., Plectosphaerella sp., and Trichoderma hamatum) did not cause any diseases of banana fruits and they were considered as potential biocontrol agents.

Abstract Kutorga E., Adamonytė G., Iršėnaitė R., Kasparavičius J., Markovskaja S., Motiejūnaitė J., Treigienė A., 2012: A checklist of mycobiota recorded in burnt and unburnt Pinus mugo plantations in the Curonian Spit (Lithuania) [Degusių ir nedegusių kalninės pušies (Pinus mugo) plantacijų Kuršių nerijoje (Lietuva) mikobiotos konspektas]. - Bot. Lith., 18(1): 66-79. A devastating crown-fire occurred in May 2006 in mountain pine (Pinus mugo) plantations located in the Curonian Spit (Lithuania). During different seasons (spring and autumn) from 2007 to 2009, the mycobiota (including myxobiota) of burnt and unburnt P. mugo stands was examined in permanent sampling plots. The mycobiota checklist provides data on species composition and substrates occupied by fungi and myxomycetes. A total of 390 species of fungi and myxomycetes were recorded. At unburnt sites, 262 species were identified, 215 - at burnt sites. Forty three species were registered for the first time in Lithuania. Rare and noteworthy species are commented.

Fungi dan serangga merupakan kelompok organisme dengan jumlah spesies yang tergolong paling banyak di dunia. Hal ini membuat peluang interaksi antara kedua kingdom ini menjadi sangat tinggi. Diantara berbagai macam bentuk asosiasi tersebut, hubungan mutualistik berupa mekanisme ‘pertanian’ fungi oleh serangga merupakan salah satu hal yang menakjubkan hingga saat ini. Interaksi ini diketahui telah ada selama lebih dari puluhan juta tahun. Model simbiosis mutualisme ini berlangsung resiprokal dengan aspek kebermanfaatan diantara keduanya terkait nutrisi, perlindungan, dan penyebaran propagul. Berbagai kelompok serangga seperti rayap, semut, dan kumbang telah dikenal lama sebagai partner dari mikobion yang umumnya merupakan filum Ascomycota dan Basidiomycota. Rayap, semut, dan kumbang diketahui memiliki jalur evolusi kemampuan ‘bertani’ yang berbeda, namun semuanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan. Serangga-serangga tersebut memiliki mekanisme ‘pertanian’ yang unik, mulai dari persiapan, perawatan, hingga pemanenan fungi. Selain itu, keberlanjutan simbiosis yang terbentuk sangat begantung pada aspek manfaat yang diterima oleh masing-masing simbion.

Lichen is a symbion organism which own huge positive effect over environment. Lichen is formed by a symbiosis between fungi (mikobiont) from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and alga (fikobiont) from Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyceae. Corticolous lichens lives as an epiphyte in substrate of skin branches. It grows in Diponegoro University (Undip) campus area where a lot of shaded trees can be found as the substrate. The research aimed to define the names of lichen in Undip area by using purposive random sampling. The sampling was found in four locations: 1. Eastern of green boulevard, in front of Farm Faculty; 2. Western of green boulevard, in front of Medical Plants Biology building; 3. Northern of green boulevard, next to Economic and Business Faculty; 4. Green Boulevard as a main road, in front of Engineering Faculty. The research encountered 7 families of lichen which are Graphis scripta, Graphis sp. (Family of Graphidaceae), Lepraria sp. (Family of Leprariaceae), Dirinaria applanata, Dirinaria picta, Dirinaria sp., (Family of Physciaceae), Caloplaca sp. (Family of Caloplacaceae), Parmelia sp., Parmelia sulcata (Family of Parmeliaceae), Lecanora sp. (Family of Lecanoraceae), Arthonia sp. (Family of Arthoniaceae). The lichens are in groups of talus types: foliose and crustose. Keywords: names of lichen, talus types, Undip

Abstract : Mushroom are functional food which has been consumed for long time due to the various benefits and are rich in nutrients for health. Even though it is not the main food ingredient, local people in Indonesia are accustomed to consuming wild mushroom in the vicinity. One of these mushroom is Scleroderma spp. which grows as ectomycorrhizal mycobiont usually around the Gnetum gnemon L. plant. This study aimed to provide the information regarding poisioning case of Scleroderma in Indonesia and also it’s potential utilization. This paper is a literature-based quantitative research. Several previous studies have confirmed the benefits of this mushroom such as antioxidant, antibacteria, and anti-inflammatory which is beneficial for health. However, the result showed that during the last 10 years, there have been 6 cases of poisoning due to consumption of Scleroderma in Indonesia. A total of 54 people have become victims and 4 of them have died. Scleroderma spp. known to be easily found in various places throughout Indonesia. This mushroom is generally recommended to be consumed only in the young fruiting body phase. Some cases of poisoning are thought to be due to the sclerocitrin content in the fruiting body of this mushroom.Abstrak : Jamur merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang telah sejak lama dikonsumsi karena memiliki berbagai manfaat dan kaya akan kandungan bahan bioaktif untuk kesehatan. Walaupun belum menjadi bahan pangan utama, masyarakat lokal di Indonesia telah terbiasa untuk mengkonsumsi jamur liar yang ada di sekitarnya. Salah satu dari jamur tersebut adalah Scleroderma spp. yang tumbuh sebagai mikobion pembentuk ektomikoriza umumnya di sekitaran tanaman melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai kasus keracunan Scleroderma di Indonesia serta potensi pemanfaatannya. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif berbasis literatur. Meskipun beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah mengkonfirmasi manfaat dari jamur ini seperti: antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antiinflamasi yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Selama 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi 6 kasus keracunan akibat pengkonsumsian jamur liar Scleroderma di Indonesia. Sebanyak 54 orang telah menjadi korban dan 4 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Scleroderma spp. diketahui mudah ditemukan di berbagai tempat di seluruh Indonesia. Jamur ini umumnya disarankan hanya dikonsumsi pada fase tubuh buah yang masih muda. Beberapa kasus keracunan diduga juga karena kandungan sclerocitrin yang terdapat pada tubuh buah dari jamur ini.

Tokom 2019. godine u granicama obuhvata Parka prirode “Orjen” realizovana su višestruka mikološka istraživanja s ciljem inventarizacije gljiva na ovom području. Među rezultatima istraživanja registrovan je i značajan broj pripadnika odjeljka Ascomycota od kojih su neke vrste po prvi put zabilježene na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine. U radu je prezentovan preliminarni spisak zabilježenih vrsta odjeljka Ascomycota dok su neke od vrsta (Desmazierella acicola, Bryoscyphus rhytidiadelphi, Pseudombrophila ripensis i Thecotheus keithii) detaljnije obrađene, uključujući njihovu ekologiju, fenologiju, morfološke karakteristike, poznate obrasce distribucije te eventualne egzistirajuće i potencijalne prijetnje na ovom području.

The goal of this study is to research and substantiate the impact of drying environment on quality preservation in medicinal raw material, i. e. hyssop herb (Hyssopi herba). A complex impact of the drying environment factors (temperature and comparative ventilation intensity) of medicinal raw material, hyssop herb (Hyssopi herba), on the process of kinetics of its drying within a motionless layer, that was not researched until now, was determined. After the analysis of the medicinal raw material drying regularities the change of moisture in the object being dried was modelled. Both the comparative air flow and the dryer parameters impacted moisture exchange processes, drying time and medicinal raw material quality. Through the application of a complex dryer temperature and comparative airflow combination the environment favourable for medicinal raw material quality preservation is created. A close correlation between the mycobiotic contamination of medicinal raw material and the loss of essential oils was determined upon drying Hyssopi herba within a motionless layer. The theoretical fundamentals for designing medicinal raw material conservation technologies were developed. On the basis of the research findings, a pilot technology for medicinal raw material drying within a bulk motionless layer was developed. The technology was introduced in the medicinal raw material drying room of the Full House Community in village (Varėna district).
Darbo tikslas − ištirti ir pagrįsti vaistinės augalinės žaliavos − isopų žolės (Hyssopi herba) džiovinimo aplinkos įtaką kokybės išsaugojimui. Nustatyta iki šiol nenagrinėta kompleksinė džiovinimo aplinkos veiksnių (temperatūros ir lyginamojo ventiliavimo intensyvumo) įtaka vaistinės augalinės žaliavos − isopų žolės (Hyssopi herba) džiovinimo nejudančiame sluoksnyje proceso kinetikai. Išanalizavus vaistinės augalinės žaliavos džiovinimo dėsningumus, modeliuotas džiovinamo objekto drėgnio kitimas. Lyginamasis oro srautas ir džioviklio parametrai įtakojo drėgmės mainų procesus, džiovinimo trukmę ir vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybę. Taikant kompleksinį džioviklio temperatūros ir lyginamojo srauto derinį sukuriama vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybei išsaugoti tinkama aplinka. Nustatyta, kad džiovinant Hyssopi herba nejudančiame sluoksnyje yra glaudus ryšys tarp vaistinės augalinės žaliavos mikobiotinio užterštumo ir eterinių aliejų praradimo. Sukurti teoriniai pagrindai vaistinės augalinės žaliavos konservavimo technologijų projektavimui. Remiantis atliktais tyrimų rezultatais patobulinta vaistinės augalinės žaliavos storame nejudančiame sluoksnyje džiovinimo technologija, kuri įdiegta Pilnų namų bendruomenės vaistinės augalinės žaliavos džiovykloje, Varėnos r., Panaros k.