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Journal articles on the topic 'Mikroemulsion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Gyger, Fabian, and Claus Feldmann. "Synthese nanoskaliger SnO2-Hohlkugeln in Mikroemulsion." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634, no. 11 (2008): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200870067.

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2

Prihapsara, Fea. "Optimization and Antioxidant Activity Test Of SMEDDS Bay Leaf with Palm Kernell Oil as Oil Phase." JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research 2, no. 02 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v2i02.14390.

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<em>One of the plants which can produce antioxidants is the bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp). Generally, extract have big size molecule and low solubility. To overcome low solubility of extract, it was formulated into self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using oil Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) as a carrier oil. This research, aims to produce mikrometer-sized emulsion and thus can be used at low dose in SMEDDS mikroemulsion preparation. And this research was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of SMEDDS bay leaf extract. Palm kernell oil is used because its suitable for SMEDDS and has medium chain trigliseride that can Increase drug transport through lymphatics thereby reducing first pass metabolism. Optimization of surfactant, cosurfactant and oil phase was determined with trial and error method. The results showed that the optimum SMEDDS formula was tween 80 : PEG 400 : Palm Kernell Oil (1,6 : 2,4 : 1) in 5 mL. SMEDDS extract of bay leaves had emulsification time 13.93 seconds, average of droplet size was 218,9 nm and polidisperse index 0,203. Morphological observation showed the mikroemulsion particles had spherical shaped. SMEDDS product of bay leaf extract has powerful antioxidant potential, the value of IC<sub>50</sub> is 40,7177 ppm. </em>

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3

Paul, S., and S. P. Moulik. "Physikochemische Untersuchungen an Mikroemulsionen/ Physicochemical studies on Mikroemulsions." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 32, no. 6 (1995): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1995-320620.

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4

Ritzmann, M., I. Breitinger, R. Langhoff, et al. "Optionen zur kombinierten Verabreichung eines nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistikums (Meloxicam) mit Eisendextran bei der Saugferkelkastration." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 38, no. 01 (2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623971.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel: Überprüfung, ob eine kombinierte Applikation von Meloxicam und Eisen möglich ist, um die Ferkel, gleichzeitig mit der Eisengabe, für die Kastration analgetisch zu versorgen. Material und Methoden: 213 klinisch gesunde, männliche Ferkel im Alter von 4 Tagen wurden randomisiert einer von acht Versuchsgruppen zugeteilt : Kontrolle (Fixation für 30–45 Sekunden; 1), Kastration (2), Kastration/Meloxicam-Susp. p. o. (Susp. = Suspension) (3), Kastration/Meloxicam-Susp.+ Fe-Mikroem. p. o. (Fe = Eisendextran, Mikroem. = Mikroemulsion) (4), Kastra - tion/Meloxicam-Inj.Lsg. p. o. (Inj.Lsg. = Injektionslösung) (5), Kastra - tion/Meloxicam-Inj.Lsg. + Fe-Mikroem. p. o. (6), Kastration/Meloxicam- Inj.Lsg. i. m. (7), Kastration/Meloxicam-Inj.Lsg. + Fe-Inj.Lsg. i. m. (8). Die Kastration fand 30 Minuten nach peroraler Verabreichung bzw. 15 Minuten nach intramuskulärer Applikation statt. Vor sowie 1, 3 und 24 Stunden nach Kastration/Handling erfolgte eine Blutprobenentnahme und Bestimmung der Kortisol- und Eisenkonzentration. Am 10. Lebenstag wurde nur der Eisenspiegel ermittelt. Ergebnisse: In Gruppe 7 und 8 (Injektion beider Wirkstoffe) sowie in Gruppe 4 und 5 (orale Verabreichung beider Wirkstoffe) kam es eine Stunde nach Kastration zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Kortisolspiegels im Vergleich zum Eingriff ohne Schmerzmittel. Auch 3 Stunden nach der Kastration war die Kortisolkonzentration der Gruppe 8 im Vergleich zur Gruppe 2 noch signifikant verringert. Die Serumeisenkonzentrationen lagen in den verschiedenen Versuchsgruppen über dem Referenzwert von 18,0 μmol/l. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Eine intramuskuläre Applikation von Meloxicam gemischt mit Eisendextran reduziert den Kortisolspiegel bis zu 3 Stunden nach Kastration signifikant. Durch die kombinierte Verabreichung konnte keine Beeinträchtigung der Wirksamkeit oder Resorption der beiden Präparate festgestellt werden. Die Kombination der beiden Substanzen ist somit möglich.

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5

Kahlweit, M. "Mikroemulsionen / Microemulsions." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 30, no. 2 (1993): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1993-300205.

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6

Ariviani, Setyaningrum, Sri Raharjo, Sri Anggrahini, and Sri Naruki. "FORMULASI DAN STABILITAS MIKROEMULSI O/W DENGAN METODE EMULSIFIKASI SPONTAN MENGGUNAKAN VCO DAN MINYAK SAWIT SEBAGAI FASE MINYAK: PENGARUH RASIO SURFAKTAN-MINYAK." Jurnal Agritech 35, no. 01 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9416.

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This study was aimed to (1) formulate o/w microemulsion using different surfactant oil ratio, (2) determine the microemulsions stability toward centrifugation, heating and storage at room temperature, and (3) characterize microemulsions which were shown the best stability. Microemulsions were prepared using ternary food grade surfactantwith low HLB (span 80), medium HLB (span 20 or span 40) and high HLB (tween 80), and surfactant oil ratio 2,3,4 and 5. VCO and palm oil were used as oil phase, whereas 10 μM phosphate buffer pH 7 was used as aqueous phase. O/W microemulsionwere formed at surfactant oil ratio 3 or more for VCO and at higher surfactant oil ratio (i.e 4 or 5) when palm oil was used as oil phase. Microemulsions with VCO as oil phase which were stable toward centrifugation, heating treatment and storage at room temperature i.e. microemulsions with surfactant oil ratio 4 or 5, while the use of palm oil as oil phase produce stable microemulsions at surfactant oil ratio 4. Microemulsions with surfactant oil ratio 4 showedthe best stability. This microemulsions have a monomodal particle size distribution, the mean particle diameter and viscosity reached 21.7 ± 0.02nm and 6.0 ± 0.10cp (VCO), 22.9 ± 0.15nm and 6.2 ± 0.05cp (palm oil).Keywords: Microemulsion, formulation, stability, surfactant, oil ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) formulasi mikroemulsi o/w dengan variasirasio surfaktan-minyak, (2) menentukan stabilitas mikroemulsiterhadap sentrifugasi, pemanasan dan penyimpanan suhu ruang, dan (3) karakterisasi mikroemulsi dengan stabilitas terbaik. Mikroemulsi dibuat menggunakan campuran tiga surfaktan food grade yaitu surfaktan HLB rendah (span 80), sedang (span 20 atau span 40), dan tinggi (tween 80), dengan rasio surfaktan minyak 2, 3, 4 dan 5. VCOdan minyak kelapa sawit digunakan sebagai fase minyak, 10 μM bufer fosfat pH 7 sebagai fase aqueous. Mikroemulsi o/w terbentuk pada rasio surfaktan minyak 3 atau lebih untuk penggunaan VCO dan pada rasio surfaktan minyak yang lebih tinggi (yaitu 4 atau 5) untuk penggunaan minyak sawit sebagai fase minyak. Mikroemulsi dengan fase minyakVCO yang stabil terhadap sentrifugasi, pemanasan maupun penyimpanan suhu ruang adalah mikroemulsi dengan rasio surfaktan-minyak 4 atau 5, sedangkan penggunaan minyak sawit sebagai fase minyak menghasilkan mikroemulsi yang stabil pada rasio surfaktan-minyak 4. Mikroemulsi dengan rasio surfaktan-minyak 4 memperlihatkan stabilitas terbaik.Mikroemulsi tersebut memiliki distribusi ukuran partikel monomodal, rerata diameter partikel dan viskositas mencapai 21,7 ± 0,02nm dan 6,0 ± 0,10cp (VCO), 22,9 ± 0,15nm dan 6,2 ± 0,05cp (minyak sawit).Kata kunci: Mikroemulsi, formulasi, stabilitas, surfaktan minyak

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7

Hauthal, Hermayn G., Leuna-Werke Ag, and Konrad Quitzsch. "Neues über Mikroemulsionen." Zeitschrift für Chemie 30, no. 8 (2010): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19900300803.

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8

Brandt, Matthias, Anja Wehling, and Adrian Schumpe. "Mikroemulsionen mit Alkylpolyglucosiden." Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69, no. 4 (1997): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690415.

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9

Wulansari, Silvi Ayu, and Eziah Ika Lubada. "VALIDASI METODE ANALISA PADA PENETAPAN KADAR KOENZIM Q10 DALAM SEDIAAN MIKROEMULSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROPHOTOMETER UV-VIS." Jurnal Kimia Riset 5, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v5i1.19241.

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Koenzim Q10 banyak digunakan dalam bidang kosmetika karena dapat digunakan sebagai antioksidan, namun koenzim Q10 memiliki kekurangan yaitu hanya dapat larut dalam minyak dan memiliki ukuran partikel yang besar sehingga sulit untuk masuk pada kulit. Koenzim Q10 diformulasikan dalam sediaan mikroemulsi untuk memperbaiki penetrasi dalam kulit. Untuk menunjang efek terapetik dari sediaan mikroemulsi perlu dikembangkan penetapan kadar Koenzim Q10 menggunakan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis, menggunakan pelarut [Acetonitril : 2-propanol (84:16)] dan diukur pada panjang gelombag 275 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koenzim Q10 linier pada rentang konsentrasi 25,5 – 153,0 ppmdengan LOD dan LOQ sebesar 5,25 µg/ml dan 17,48 µg/m. Metode peetapan kadar koenzim Q10 pada sampel mikroemulsi memiliki nilai akurasi dan presisi yang cukup baik dengan rata-rata perolehan kembali 100,70% dan SD 0,41% . Spektrofotometer UV-Vis dapat digunakan sebagai metode dalam penetapan kadar koenzim Q10 dalam sediaan mikroemulsi yang memenuhi persyaratan validasi penetapan kadar sediaan farmasi.

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10

Kartika, Elsa Putri, Marchaban Marchaban, and Sudarsono Sudarsono. "Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) Dalam Bentuk Sediaan Emulsi dan Mikroemulsi." Majalah Farmaseutik 14, no. 2 (2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v14i2.42597.

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Minyak Sirih Merah (MSM) diketahui mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan dapat dibuat dengan cara distilasi air dan uap dari daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri dari MSM apabila diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan yang berbeda (yaitu emulsi dan mikroemulsi). MSM dalam bentuk emulsi dibuat dengan cara mencampur 0,125 g MSM, 0,875 g paraffin cair, 0,125 g tween-80, 0,375 g span-80 (HLB 7), dan 3,500 g air. MSM dalam bentuk mikroemulsi dibuat dengan mencampur 0,125 g MSM, 0,125 g paraffin cair, 0,625 g tween-80, 0,625 g PEG-400, dan 3,500 g air. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda mikrodilusi dengan 1% w/w konsentrasi menggunakan reader ELISA pada 570 nm. Data kemudian dianalisis untuk membandingkan persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan bakteri dari MSM dalam bentuk emulsi adalah 17,45±5,9% sedangkan dalam bentuk mikroemulsi 49,58±3,27%. Kesimpulannya adalah aktivitas antibakteri MSM dalam bentuk mikroemulsi lebih baik dari bentuk emulsi.

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11

Gozali, Dolih, Fara Waheda, Jutti Levita, and Anis Khoirunisa. "Enhancing the Permeation of Ketoprofen Microemulsion." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v2i2.7811.

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12

Shabrina, Ayu, Annisa Rahayuning Pratiwi, and Mimiek Muurukmihadi. "Stabilitas Fisik Dan Antioksidan Mikroemulsi Minyak Nilam Dengan Variasi Tween 80 Dan PEG 400." Media Farmasi 16, no. 2 (2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/mf.v16i2.1720.

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Patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has potential as an antioxidant and high volatility due to air and light, therefore it needs to be formulated in the form of a microemulsion. This research aims to determine the physical stability and antioxidant microemulsion of patchouli oil with different concentrations of Tween 80 and PEG 400. Microemulsions was prepared with patchouli oil content of 5% along with different concentration of Tween 80: PEG 400 were F1 (26%: 13%), F2 (13%: 26%) and for F3 (26%: 26%). The patchouli oil microemulsion was tested for physical stability by the cycling test method using a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40 oC ± 2oC and 4 oC ± 2oC for 6 cycles. Furthermore, the tests include organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and separation. The antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method, and the quantitative data on physical stability and antioxidants were analyzed by a t-dependent test. The stability test results showed that F2 and F3 had decreased viscosity after 6 storage cycles (p <0.05). The results of the homogeneity, pH and separation tests did not experience significant differences. The test results of patchouli oil microemulsion antioxidant activity showed no change in antioxidant activity during 6 storage cycles with the mean inhibition percent before and after the cycling test was 73,13 ± 0,38 %. Patchouli oil microemulsion with tween 80: PEG 400 26%: 13% showed the most stable physical quality and antioxidant properties.Keywords : Microemulsion, Patchouli Oil, Physical Stability, AntioxidantsMinyak nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan memiliki laju volatilitas tinggi akibat udara dan cahaya sehingga perlu diformulasikan dalam bentuk mikroemulsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik dan antioksidan mikroemulsi minyak nilam dengan variasi konsentrasi tween 80 dan PEG 400. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan kadar minyak nilam 5% dan variasi konsentrasi campuran tween 80:PEG 400 adalah untuk F1 (26%:13%) dan F2 (13%:26%) serta untuk F3 (26%:26%). Mikroemulsi minyak nilam diuji stabilitas fisik dengan metode cycling test menggunakan climatic chamber pada suhu 40 oC ± 2oC dan 4 oC ± 2oC selama 6 siklus. Pengujian meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, pH, dan uji pemisahan. Uji antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Data kuantitatif dari stabilitas fisik dan antioksidan dianalisis dengan uji t-dependent. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan F2 dan F3 mengalami penurunan viskositas setelah 6 siklus penyimpanan (p < 0,05). Hasil uji homogenitas,pH dan uji pemisahan tidak mengalami perbedaan bermakna. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan mikroemulsi minyak nilam menunjukkan tidak terjadi perubahan aktivitas antioksidan selama 6 siklus penyimpanan dengan rerata persen inhibisi sebelum dan sesudah cycling test adalah 73,13 ± 0,38 %. Mikroemulsi minyak nilam F1 dengan tween 80: PEG 400 26%:13% menunjukkan Mutu fisik dan sifat antioksidan yang paling stabil.Kata kunci : Mikroemulsi, Minyak Nilam, Stabilitas Fisik, Antioksidan

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13

Dimitrova, P., and H. J. Bart. "Trennung von Enantiomeren mittels Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 82, no. 5 (2010): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200900161.

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14

Buchold, Daniel H. M., and Claus Feldmann. "Synthese nanoskaliger Cyanide in Mikroemulsionen." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 632, no. 12-13 (2006): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200670052.

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15

Jufri, Mahdi, Asnimar Binu, and Julia Rahmawati. "FORMULASI GAMEKSAN DALAM BENTUK MIKROEMULSI." Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian 1, no. 3 (2004): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i3.3378.

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16

Heuschkel, S., and R. H. H. Neubert. "Mikroemulsionen zur dermalen Applikation von Arzneistoffen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 77, no. 3 (2005): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200407049.

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17

Neumann, Hans-Joachim, Barbara Paczyßnska-Lahme, and Iradj Rahimian. "Phaseninversion von Erdöl-Emulsionen und -Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 59, no. 12 (1987): 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330591219.

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18

Schomäcker, Reinhard, and Bayer Ag. "Mikroemulsionen als Medium für chemische Reaktionen." Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 40, no. 12 (1992): 1344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.19920401204.

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19

Voigt, A., and K. Sundmacher. "Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Nanopartikel durch Fällung in Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 79, no. 3 (2007): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200600135.

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20

Gyger, Fabian, Pascal Bockstaller, Dagmar Gerthsen, and Claus Feldmann. "Ammoniak-in-Öl-Mikroemulsionen und deren Verwendung." Angewandte Chemie 125, no. 47 (2013): 12671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201305289.

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21

Zurmühl, Christian A., and Claus Feldmann. "Synthese von AgSCN-Nanopartikeln in inversen Mikroemulsionen." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634, no. 11 (2008): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200870172.

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22

Dittmann, Peter, Heinrich Dörksen, Dirk Steiding, and Florian Kremer. "Einfluss von Mikroemulsionen auf die dieselmotorische Verbrennung." MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift 76, no. 4 (2015): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35146-015-0012-1.

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23

Bode, Gerald, Markus Lade, and Reinhard Schomäcker. "Kinetik einer Phenolalkylierung in Mikroemulsionen mit Exzeßphasen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 71, no. 8 (1999): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710821.

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24

Leidinger, Peter, and Claus Feldmann. "Synthese sphärischer nanoskaliger Calciumsulfat-Partikel in inversen Mikroemulsionen." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634, no. 11 (2008): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200870099.

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25

Knopf, Katharina, and E. Schollmeyer. "Einsatz von Mikroemulsionen als Waschsysteme in der Textilveredlung." Fett Wissenschaft Technologie/Fat Science Technology 93, no. 2 (1991): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19910930206.

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26

Mönig, K., F. H. Haegel, and M. J. Schwuger. "Mikroemulsionen mit pflanzlichen Ölen / Microemulsions with plant oils." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 33, no. 3 (1996): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1996-330313.

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27

Nowothnick, H., and R. Schomäcker. "Suzuki-Kupplung: Reaktion und Katalysatorrecycling in w/o-Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 80, no. 9 (2008): 1264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750534.

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28

Wolf, Silke, and Claus Feldmann. "Mikroemulsionen: neue Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 51 (2016): 15958–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201604263.

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29

Schomäcker, Reinhard, Michael Schwarze, Henriette Nowothnick, Anke Rost, and Tobias Hamerla. "Mizellare Lösungen und Mikroemulsionen als Reaktionsmedien für katalytische Reaktionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 83, no. 9 (2011): 1343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201100042.

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30

Illner, M., D. Müller, E. Esche, R. Schomäcker, and J. U. Repke. "Hydroformylierung in Mikroemulsionen - Anforderungen und Lösungsansätze im Miniplant-Betrieb." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 88, no. 9 (2016): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650346.

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31

Schrage, Christian, Emanuel Kockrick, and Stefan Kaskel. "Synthese und katalytische Eigenschaften von CeO2Nanopartikeln aus inversen Mikroemulsionen." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 634, no. 11 (2008): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200870140.

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32

Orlich, Bernhard, and Reinhard Schomäcker. "Die Ultrafiltration von w/o-Mikroemulsionen in der Biokatalyse." Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71, no. 1-2 (1999): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710128.

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33

Chhabra, C., M. L. Free, P. K. Kang, S. E. Truesdail, and D. O. Shah. "Mikroemulsionen - eine kommende Technologie / Microemulsions as an emerging technology." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 34, no. 3 (1997): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1997-340304.

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34

Dörfler, H. D., and E. Nestler. "Wäßrige und nichtwäßrige Mikroemulsionen/ Aqaueous and Non-Aqueous Microemulsions." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 27, no. 3 (1990): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1990-270308.

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35

Widyaningsih, Ratna. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan Anionik Terhadap Salinitas Optimum dalam Mikroemulsi Spontan dengan Sample Minyak Lapangan M." Jurnal Mineral, Energi dan Lingkungan 1, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/jmel.v1i1.1774.

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Formulasi optimum untuk injeksi kimia dapat ditentukan baik dengan pengukuran tegangan antarmuka yang minimum atau dengan uji perilaku daerah 3 fasa. Terkait dengan kurva desaturasi, dimana semakin rendah tegangan antarmuka, maka semakin rendah saturasi minyak sisa. Mikroemulsi tipe III berdasarkan klasifikasi Winsor adalah kondisi dimana tegangan antarmuka berada di posisi terendah dibandingkan dengan tipe I dan tipe II, dimana kondisi ini disebut juga salinitas optimum. Salinitas optimum sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi kimia antara surfaktan-minyak dan surfaktan-air. Terkait dengan gradient salinity pada desain injeksi surfaktan, maka target salinitas optimum yang diharapkan haruslah tercapai untuk mengoptimalkan perolehan minyak. Uji kelakuan fasa dengan menggunakan surfaktan anionik dan contoh minyak dari Lapangan M, dilakukan untuk meneliti pengaruh konsentrasi surfaktan terhadap salinitas optimum dan rasio kelarutan air/minyak di dalam mikroemulsi. Pada penelinitian ini, konsentrasi surfaktan anionik percobaan diubah dari 1 wt% menjadi 0,5 wt%. Dari dasil uji coba tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan konsentrasi surfaktan anionik menghasilkan penurunan salinitas optimum dari 42.000 ppm menjadi 31.000 ppm. Sedangkan solubilization ratio menunjukkan hasil tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan penggunaan konsentrasi surfaktan yang tepat akan menjadi petunjuk dalam desain injeksi surfaktan yang diharapkan sesuai dengan kondisi salinitas alami air formasi di Lapangan M.

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Baitariza, Ardian, Sasanti Tarini Darijanto, Jessie Sofia Pamudjie, Irda Fidrianny, and Shelvi E. Suherman. "Formulation and Evaluation of Antiwrinkle Effect Black Rice Extract (Oryza sativa L.) Microemulsion." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2014): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v1i1.7509.

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Djiuardi, Evelyn, and Tutun Nugraha. "AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI DESAIN MIKROEMULSI MINYAK ATSIRI KAYU MANIS." AGROINTEK 11, no. 1 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v11i1.2940.

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<span class="fontstyle0">This research focused on the study of the capability of cinnamon essential oil as antibacterial<br />agent, when it is made as a microemulsion solution. The study occupied further research on<br />specific type, concentration, and amount of emulsifier needed to make the cinnamon essential<br />oil miscible in water without causing destruction in its antibacterial activity. Four different<br />emulsifiers were tested, namely Tween 20, Tween 80, soya lechitin, and carboxymethyl cellulose<br />(CMC) to stabilize the essential oil in water. The emulsifiers were used at 2% w/w, while the<br />essential oil concentrations were varied at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. In this study, the antibacterial<br />activity of the microemulsion solution of cinnamon essential oil was tested against two types of<br />pathogenic bacteria commonly found in foods, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia<br />coli. Among the four types of emulsifiers, which are used, CMC showed the best results as an<br />emulsifier. The results of this study indicated that microemulsion solution has antibacterial<br />activity best is a combination between the CMC and the essential oil of cinnamon</span>

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Kahlweit, Manfred, and Reinhard Strey. "Phasenverhalten ternärer Systeme des Typs H2O – Öl – nichtionisches Amphiphil (Mikroemulsionen)." Angewandte Chemie 97, no. 8 (1985): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19850970806.

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Antonietti, Markus, and Hans-Peter Hentze. "Neuere Aspekte der Polymerisation in lyotropen Phasen und in Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69, no. 3 (1997): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690321.

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Stickdorn, K., M. J. Schwuger, and R. Schomäcker. "Einsatz von Mikroemulsionen in technischen Prozessen / Microemulsions in Technical Application." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 31, no. 4 (1994): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1994-310403.

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Priani, Sani Ega, Wulan Kartika Dewi, and Amila Gadri. "Formulasi Sediaan Mikroemulsi Gel Anti Jerawat Mengandung Kombinasi Minyak Jinten Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) dan Minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea L.)." Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 6, no. 2 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v6i2.143.

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<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Default">Jerawat adalah penyakit kulit yang paling sering terjadi dan timbul akibat penyumbatan atau inflamasi pada kelenjar pilosebasea. <em>Propionibacterium acnes </em>diketahui merupakan bakteri utama pemicu terjadinya inflamasi pada jerawat. Minyak jinten hitam dan minyak zaitun diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sehingga dapat dikembangkan untuk pengobatan jerawat karena infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi minyak jinten hitam dan minyak zaitun terhadap <em>P. acnes</em> dan memformulasikannya ke dalam bentuk sediaan mikroemulsi gel. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar pada konsentrasi kombinasi minyak 0,25; 0,5; dan 1%. Formulasi sediaan mikroemulsi gel dilakukan dengan menggunakan <em>cremophor RH </em>40 sebagai surfaktan, gliserin sebagai kosurfaktan, dan viscolam mac 10 sebagai <em>gelling agent</em>. Karakterisasi sediaan meliputi pengujian organoleptis, pH, viskositas, sifat alir, ukuran globul, dan stabilitas termodinamik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi minyak 0,5% sudah memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap <em>P. acnes</em> dengan diameter hambat 12,47±1,07mm. Formula optimum mikroemulsi gel adalah formula yang mengandung minyak (6%), <em>cremophor RH </em>40 (35%), gliserin (35%), dan gel viskolam 20%. Sediaan mikroemulsi gel memiliki rata rata ukuran globul 120 nm yang memenuhi persyaratan ukuran globul mikroemulsi. Sediaan mikroemulsi gel stabil berdasarkan hasil uji stabilitas termodinamik dengan tidak terlihat adanya pemisahan fase.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : Minyak jinten hitam, Minyak zaitun, <em>P</em><em>.</em><em> acnes</em><em>, </em>Mikroemulsi gel</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Formulation of anti acne microemulsion gel containing combination of black seed oil </em></strong><strong><em>(Nigella sativa L.) </em></strong><strong><em> and olive oil </em></strong><strong><em>(Olea europaea L.)</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Acne vulgaris is the most common </em><em>skin disease involving blockage and/or inflammation of pilosebaceous unit. </em><em>Propionibacterium acnes</em><em> has</em><em> been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne</em><em>. Black seed and olive oil are herbal medicines that known have antibacterial activity, that could be develop for acne treatment. </em><em>This research was conducted to determine antibacterial activity of black seed and olive oil </em><em>combination</em><em> against P. acnes and </em><em>develop the microemulsion gel preparation containing of the oil. </em><em>Antibacterial activity test was conducted by agar diffusion method at concentration at 0,25; 0,5; and 1% of oil combination. </em><em>Microemulsion gel was made using </em><em>cremophor RH 40 as surfactant, </em><em>glycerine as </em><em>cosurfactant, and viscolam mac 10</em><em> as </em><em>gelling agent. Microemulsion gel was evaluated by organoleptic, pH, rheologycal properties,</em><em> spreadability, droplet size, and </em><em> thermodinamic stabilitiy test. The result showed that concentration 0,5% of oil combination</em><em> has antibacterial activity </em><em>towards P. acnes </em><em>with inhibitory diameter </em><em>12,47 </em><em>± 1,069</em><em> </em><em>mm. Optimum formula microemulsion gel with the finest characteristic, containing the oil combination </em><em>(6%), cremophor RH 40 (35%), gliserin (35%), and viscolam</em><em> gel </em><em> 20%. The</em><em> average of</em><em> droplet size microemulsion gel is 120</em><em> </em><em>nm and those size are qualify with the droplet size of microemulsion.</em><em> The microemulsion gel was stabile based on </em><em>thermodinamic</em><em> stability</em><em> tests without phase separation.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: black seed oil, olive oil, P. acnes, microemulsion gel</em></p>

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Nugraheni, Raditya Weka. "PENERAPAN DESAIN EKSPERIMEN DALAM OPTIMASI FORMULA MIKROEMULSI TEA TREE OIL." Journal of Herbal, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Science (HERCLIPS) 1, no. 01 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/herclips.v1i01.1014.

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Microemulsion is a transparent, isotropic and thermodynamically stable preparation. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia by steam distillation which has been proven to have antibacterial and fungal uses. Optimization of microemulsion preparations to obtain preparations with small and stable droplet size is also a challenge. The design of an experiment is to design an experiment with a certain pattern, with a combination of certain input variables that allow to shorten the number of experiments. Based on the research results, it is known that the most influential factor on the microemulsion particle size is the combination of surfactants polysorbate 80 with co-surfactants propyleneglycol.

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Pfüller, Uwe, and P. J. Worsfold. "Mizellen - vesikel - mikroemulsionen. Tensidassoziate und ihre anwendung in analytik und biochemie." Analytica Chimica Acta 218 (1989): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80314-1.

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Schomäcker, R., M. Schwarze, J. Milano, and S. Jost. "Asymmetrische Hydrierungen von C-C-Doppelbindungen in mizellaren Lösungen und Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 79, no. 9 (2007): 1289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750183.

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Rauscher, F., B. Niemann, and K. Sundmacher. "Charakterisierung von W/O-Mikroemulsionen– Voraussetzung für die Nutzung als Reaktionsmedium." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 75, no. 8 (2003): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390402.

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46

Voigt, A., F. Rauscher, D. Adityawarman, F. Heidenreich, and K. Sundmacher. "Einsatz von Monte-Carlo-Simulationen am Beispiel der Nanopartikelfällung in Mikroemulsionen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 77, no. 8 (2005): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200590340.

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Schomäcker, Reinhard, Jörg Schmidt, Gregor Schinckel, and Lourdes Rodriguez-Hernandez. "68. Herstellung von Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe von Mikroemulsionen und inversen Mizellen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 70, no. 9 (1998): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330700972.

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Sulastri, Evi, Mohamad Ikram, and Yuliet Yuliet. "Uji Stabilitas Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Mikroemulsi Likopen Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) 3, no. 1 (2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2017.v3.i1.8134.

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Lycopene is a class of keratonoid that have been proven has antioxidant activity but has limited solubility in water. So as to boost their solubility, in this study conducted in the form of microemulsion formulations. This study aims to get a tomato lycopene extract microemulsion which is stable and has antioxidant effects. The research was initiated to test the antioxidant power of tomato lycopene extract in vitro against DPPH. Tomato lycopene extract microemulsion is formulated based on the optimization of the composition of the base consisting of the VCO as the oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and glycerin as cosurfactant. Preparations produced were tested for antioxidant activity and their physical and chemical stability testing which include: organoleptic, viscosity, globule size and pH during 28 days of storage. The results showed that tomato lycopene extract formula microemulsion stable composition of tomato lycopene extract 0.3%, VCO 15%, tween 80% and 35% glycerin. The test results obtained physical stability of the microemulsion formula elected tomato lycopene extract has a distinctive scent of aromatic, orange, thick, globule size of <5 μm, viscosity (600, 33 ± 69.29 to 746 cPs ± 8.32), and pH ( 6.27 ± 0.20 to 6.79 ± 0.10). As very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 29.07 ppm.

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Hasrawati, A., Nursiah Hasyim, and Nur Alif Irsyad. "PENGEMBANGAN FORMULASI MIKROEMULSI MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon nardus) MENGGUNAKAN EMULGATOR SURFAKTAN NONIONIK." Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v3i1.176.

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Dörfler, H. D., and E. Borrmeister. "Wasserfreie Mikroemulsionen mit nichtwäßsrigen polaren Flüssigkeiten / Waterless Microemulsions Using Nonaqueous, Polar Liquids." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 29, no. 3 (1992): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1992-290304.

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