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Journal articles on the topic 'Militarism – Germany – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Puaca, Brian M. "Navigating the Waves of Change: Political Education and Democratic School Reform in Postwar West Berlin." History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 2 (2008): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00142.x.

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In the aftermath of the Second World War, Germany found itself defeated, destroyed, occupied, and ultimately divided. The eastern portion of Germany fell under Soviet administration, while the western part came under joint occupation by the three victorious western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France). Recognizing at an early date that rebuilding Germany would promote political stability, economic growth, and peace in central Europe, the western Allies set out to reconstruct the defeated nation. The schools were an important part of this project. Many observers argued tha

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2

Treiblmayr, Christoph. "Militarism Revisited: Masculinity and Conscription in Germany." Journal of Contemporary History 39, no. 4 (2004): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009404046767.

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3

Baljit, Singh. "World War I : Its Causes and Effects." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Transactions 4, no. 11 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258954.

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First World War is considered as one of the largest wars in history. The world’s great powers assembled in two opposing alliances the Allies (British Empire, France and the Russian Empire) versus the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). WWI lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Over the course of the 19th century, rival powers of Europe formed alliances. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente. Tensions grew between Austria-Hungary and Serbia as Serbian nationalists attempted to unite all

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Welch, David, and Jeffrey Verhey. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany." American Historical Review 106, no. 4 (2001): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2693136.

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5

Macartney, Alex F. "Hirohitler on the Rhine: Transnational Protest Against the Japanese Emperor’s 1971 West German State Visit." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (2020): 622–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009420907666.

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This article explores transnational connections between anti-imperialist groups in West Germany and Japan through an examination of the protest around the Japanese Emperor’s state visit to Bonn in 1971. Although anti-imperialist movements in Japan and West Germany had many similarities and moments of contact, there are few treatments of these groups in transnational perspective. The event offers a unique moment of entanglement between New Left groups in the global 1960s and a rare moment of mutual discussion of the Japanese and German wartime past. The Showa Emperor (better known as Hirohito)

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Reimann, A. "Book Review: The Spirit of 1914. Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany." German History 19, no. 4 (2001): 623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635540101900422.

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7

Gregory, Adrian. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany Jeffrey Verhey." English Historical Review 115, no. 464 (2000): 1238–2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.464.1238.

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8

Gregory, A. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany Jeffrey Verhey." English Historical Review 115, no. 464 (2000): 1238–2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.464.1238.

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9

Geheran, Michael, and Mark Gagnon. "Not So Quiet on the Western Front: German Reactions to Netflix's 2022 Remake." Central European History 56, no. 4 (2023): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938923000869.

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In October 2022, Netflix's remake of All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) opened to great acclaim in the United States, Great Britain, and other countries, receiving rave reviews from critics and movie-goers alike, eventually winning seven BAFTAs and four Oscars, the most awards ever for a German-language production. In Germany, however, reactions could not have been more different. The film was roundly panned by historians as “flawed, cliché-laden, and unauthentic [all translations from German by Michael Geheran],” and derided by critics as Oscar bait, an anti-American trop

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10

Whisnant, Clayton J. "Styles of Masculinity in the West German Gay Scene, 1950-1965." Central European History 39, no. 3 (2006): 359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000136.

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Since the end of the 1990s, the study of masculinity within German scholarship has made considerable progress, especially in moving beyond the close association made between German manhood and militarism.1 While the figure of the soldier remains crucial for an understanding of masculinity in Germany (as well as the rest of the Western world) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scholars have increasingly recognized that any culture includes multiple definitions and representations of manhood—even one so thoroughly saturated by the figure of the soldier as Germany was durin

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11

Rohkrämer, Thomas. "Book Review: The Spirit of 1914. Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany." War in History 8, no. 3 (2001): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834450100800314.

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12

Baev, V. G. "Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.077-087.

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The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issu

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13

Milenović, Živorad. "Educational activities and learning in the Lebensborn project of Nazi Germany." Zbornik radova Pedagoskog fakulteta, Uzice, no. 22 (2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfu2022121m.

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During the time of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, that is, to the end of World War II, the most horrific crimes in human history took place. Nazi Germany was based on militarism, racism, anti-Semitism, ideologism and occultism. First, the Nuremberg Laws were passed, which led to the Holocaust, and on December 12, 1935, in Munich, by the order of the commander of the SS troops, Heinrich Himmler, a secret state Lebensborn project was established. The goal of this state project was to create a pure Aryan race, which was considered a key condition for Germany to become the world's leading power i

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14

Lannik, Leonty. "“Germany Armed to the Teeth”: the Military Potential of the Kaiser's Army by the Beginning of the Great War." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-1 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023775-1.

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One of the main motives not only for the war propaganda of the Entente countries, but also for subsequent historiography was the thesis about the extreme degree of militarism of the German Empire, which reached a new level just before the First World War. In addition to a comparative analysis of the war efforts of the great powers, it is important to compare the capabilities of Germany and the results achieved by it by August 1, 1914 in military construction. Taking into account the peculiarities of the Kaiserreich, from its federal structure to subjective factors in the functioning of its hig

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15

Seligmann, Matthew S. "Militarism in a Global Age: Naval ambitions in Germany and the United States before World War I." Mariner's Mirror 99, no. 1 (2013): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2013.767566.

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Shulman, M. R. "Militarism in a Global Age: Naval Ambitions in Germany and the United States before World War I." Journal of American History 99, no. 4 (2013): 1272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas565.

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Ruger, J. "DIRK BONKER. Militarism in a Global Age: Naval Ambitions in Germany and the United States before World War I." American Historical Review 118, no. 1 (2013): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/118.1.156.

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18

Herwig, Holger H. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany, by Jeffrey VerheyThe Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany, by Jeffrey Verhey. (Series: Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare 10). New York, Cambridge University Press, 2000. xiv, 268 pp. $59.95 U.S. (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 36, no. 2 (2001): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.36.2.360.

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Hamerow, Theodore S. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany By Jeffrey Verhey (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000) 268 pp. $59.95." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 32, no. 1 (2001): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2001.32.1.129.

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20

Moses, John A. "The Rise and Decline of Christian Militarism in Prussia-Germany from Hegel to Bonhoeffer: The End Effect of the Fallacy of Sacred Violence." War & Society 23, no. 1 (2005): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/072924705791202256.

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21

Townshend, Charles. "Military Force and Civil Authority in the United Kingdom, 1914–1921." Journal of British Studies 28, no. 3 (1989): 262–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385937.

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If liberal England died strangely, no moment in its passing was more bizarre than the close encounter it experienced between the army and a political system from which the military had been banished since the seventeenth century. Habitually all but invisible at home, confining its exploits to lands without the law, and maintaining a political silence equal—though in easier circumstances—to that of the neighboring grande muette, the British army moved to the center of the public stage. It obtained a popular following. This was not merely the result of Britain's involvement in world war. Manifes

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22

Rudnicka-Bogusz, Marta Małgorzata. "The uniqueness of the German barracks in the context of the style of military architecture in the interwar period." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 33, no. 2 (2023): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59440/ceer/171657.

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When studying the styles of barracks complexes in Eastern Europe, one can notice two main periods of heightened militarism. The large-scale barracks built in the 1880s represent a style infused with national romanticism. In Prussia, for example, it is Rundbogenstil, which legitimizes monarchical power. As a result of the defeat in World War I, this style is compromised. With the beginning of the 1930s, the tendency to build extensive barracks complexes intensifies again. The buildings erected at that time reflect the tendency to modernize architecture, characterized by functional and hygienic

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23

Chickering, Roger. "The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany. By Jeffrey Verhey. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press. 2000. Pp. xiv + 268. $59.95. ISBN 0-521-77137-4." Central European History 35, no. 3 (2002): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900001709.

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24

Bayley, Susan. "Fictional German governesses in Edwardian popular culture: English responses to German militarism and modernity." Literature & History 28, no. 2 (2019): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306197319870372.

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Historians have tended to focus on propaganda when assessing Edwardian attitudes towards Germans, but a shift of focus to fiction reveals a rather different picture. Whereas propaganda created the cliché of ‘the Hun’, fiction produced non- and even counter-stereotypical figures of Germans. An analysis of German governess characters in a selection of short stories, performances, novels, and cartoons indicates that the Edwardian image of Germans was not purely negative but ambivalent and multifarious. Imagined German governesses appeared as patriots and spies, pacifists and warmongers, spinsters

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25

Weigel, John Wesley. "Image Under Fire: West German Development Aid and the Ghana Press War, 1960–1966." Contemporary European History 31, no. 2 (2021): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000102.

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During the 1960s, development aid helped West Germany project a benign image while it discouraged diplomatic recognition of East Germany. In Ghana, however, this effort clashed with the Pan-Africanist aims of President Kwame Nkrumah. Four periodicals under his control attacked West Germany as neo-colonialist, militarist, racist, latently Nazi and a danger to world peace. West German officials resented this campaign and tried to make it stop, but none of their tactics, not even vague threats to aid, worked for long. The attacks ended with Nkrumah's overthrow in early 1966, but while they lasted

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26

Dragnea, Mihai. "The City of Philippopolis in Medieval Sources." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XIX Istorie 11 (October 31, 2012): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/history.2012.02.

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The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the strategic importance that Philippopolis had in Medieval times. Throughout the centuries, the city will know different rulings. Due to its position on the ancient Roman road Via Militaris, that connected Singidunum with Constantinople, Philippopolis will become an important point for the crusader armies. Being a town populated largely by nobles, Philippopolis will know a period of material prosperity, becoming a rich city. This fact will become tempting for the crusaders, who on their way towards the Holy Land, will rob the city repeatedly.

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27

Hau, Michael. "Sports in the Human Economy: “Leibesübungen,” Medicine, Psychology, and Performance Enhancement during the Weimar Republic." Central European History 41, no. 3 (2008): 381–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000563.

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In 1926, the President of the GermanReichCommittee for Physical Exercise (Deutscher Reichsausschuss für Leibesübungen, or DRAL) Theodor Lewald discussed the significance of sports for the German economy and national health in a presentation to the Berlin Chamber of Industry and Commerce. Lewald deplored the physical state of the German population as a consequence of the lost war. Two million of the physically and mentally strongest German men had been killed, while millions of German men, women, and children were permanently physically weakened as a result of starvation during the war and the

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Rostislavleva, Nataliya. "Reception of the Theme of the German Empire in the Anniversary Historical Narratives of the XX Century." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020239-0.

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The article examines the reception of the subject of the German Empire by Russian/Soviet and German historians in the twentieth century as part of its anniversary celebrations. In 1921 both Russian and German historical journals discussed the resignation of Bismarck as a critical step for the fortunes of the empire and openly criticised Wilhelm IIIn the Russian narrative, the revolution that led the empire to its collapse was harshly critiqued. After the defeat of Germany in the Second World War, the subject of the creation and fortunes of the empire was radically reconsidered by historians in

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29

Petzina, Dietmar. "The Economic Dimension of the East–West Conflict and the Role of Germany." Contemporary European History 3, no. 2 (1994): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000771.

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A survey of the economic problems in East–West relations during the era of the Cold War is of particular interest from the German perspective. First, no other Western industrial country played a comparable role in the economic relations with East European countries; and secondly, East–West trade, especially the economic contacts with the German Democratic Republic (GDR), became an outstanding feature of German Ostpolitik under the conditions of the divided country. It appears to be an acceptable proposition to say that this form of West Germany economic and trade policy was the equivalent of t

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Cramer, Kevin. "A World of Enemies: New Perspectives on German Military Culture and the Origins of the First World War." Central European History 39, no. 2 (2006): 270–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000112.

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In the introduction to his 1915 book Die Hohenzollern und ihr Werk, Otto Hintze ruefully quoted an Englishman's observation that, “Prussian history is endlessly boring because it speaks so much of war and so little of revolution.” As the “Great War” entered its second year, and with Germany's hopes for a quick and decisive victory fading, Hintze saw history repeating itself. Like Frederick the Great's Prussia, he wrote, “The German Reich, under a Hohenzollern Kaiser, [now] battles for its existence against a world of enemies.” Since the beginning of the war, Entente propaganda had mobilized th

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Mihanjo, Eginald P. A. N., and Oswald Masebo. "Maji Maji War, Ngoni Warlords and Militarism in Southern Tanzania." Journal of African Military History 1, no. 1-2 (2017): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00101004.

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As we come to an end of the celebration of a centenary and ten years since the end of the Maji Maji War against German colonialism, it is apparently clear that the historiography on the Maji Maji War focuses on appreciation of the Ngoni heroism against German cruelty and colonialism, as well as the loss of life caused by hunger, casualties of the war and German atrocities. It is however, noted that this view of nationalist historiography is outdated and needs to be corrected because it has outlived its usefulness as local histories and identities reveal the Ngoni atrocities, militarism, and wa

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32

Schneider, Jeffrey. "The Captain of Köpenick and the Uniform Fantasies of German Militarism." Central European History 55, no. 2 (2022): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938921000893.

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Few events in Imperial Germany's forty-plus years of existence have been remembered with as much pride and hilarity as the one that took place on October 16, 1906. It began shortly after noon, when a man dressed in a captain's uniform appeared on the streets in the northern part of Berlin and commandeered two small contingents of soldiers returning to their barracks from guard duty. Claiming to be acting on instructions from the kaiser himself, the man ordered the ten soldiers to accompany him to Köpenick, a small but growing city on the southeastern outskirts of Berlin. Arriving in front of c

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33

Echevarria, Antulio J., and Nicholas Stargardt. "The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics 1866-1914." Journal of Military History 63, no. 1 (1999): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120360.

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34

Chickering, Roger, and Nicholas Stargardt. "The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866-1914." American Historical Review 100, no. 5 (1995): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169993.

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35

Mazzucelli, Colette. "Changing Partners at Fifty? French Security Policy after Libya in Light of the Élysée Treaty." German Politics and Society 31, no. 1 (2013): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310107.

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The 2011 Libya campaign highlighted the divergence of interests between France and Germany within the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in matters of Middle East and global security. This divergence calls for a reassessment of the meaning of their bilateral cooperation, as defined in the Treaty of Friendship between France and Germany, otherwise known as the Élysée Treaty, signed on 22 January 1963 by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and President Charles de Gaulle. This article focuses on France, which engaged militarily in Libya cooperating with the United Kingdom as

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Nechevin, Dmitry. "Tokyo and Khabarovsk epilogue: militarism before the court of peace-loving peoples." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 3-2 (2023): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202303statyi59.

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The article analyzes the legal (international legal) issues of the Nuremberg Trials, which an epoch-making even of legal civilization. Nuremberg Trial not only summand up legally closed the results of the Second World War, where the Soviet Union played a major role in defeating German fascism, but also served as the basic for the birth of a new international legal order in the world, laid the foundation of legal civilization -human rights and freedoms.

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Bosworth, R. "Prussian-German militarism 1914-18 in Australian perspective: the thought of George Arnold Wood." German History 10, no. 1 (1992): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/10.1.116.

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Whitt, Jacqueline E. "Introduction." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 42, no. 1 (2022): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-42010001.

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Abstract While lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people have always served in militaries, military organizations and leaders have managed the presence of sexual gender minorities in the ranks in complicated ways that were influenced by regulation, military culture, social and cultural norms, and perceptions of military effectiveness. The history of lgbt soldiers in modern western military history reveals important ways that various military organizations have addressed the question and challenges of open service by lgbt people. While many states have incorporated lgbt people into

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Lima, Higo. "Anita Leocádia Benário Prestes: filha da revolução (parte 2)." Revista Informação em Cultura - RIC 2, no. 2 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/issn2674-6549.v2i2a9552.2020.

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Second and last part of the interview with Anita Prestes, granted during her stay in Mossoró / RN, in September 2018, and initially published by Revista Informação e Cultura - RIC in the previous edition, when we highlight her interaction with her mother's memory, the German Olga Benário Prestes. In this excerpt of the conversation, she reveals to us the circumstances that were reflected in the biography of her father, Luís Carlos Prestes, the discipline of training at Colégio Militar and the persistent dream of a communist revolution. Researcher in History, Anita Prestes offers us a detailed

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Wittlinger, Ruth. "British-German Relations and Collective Memory." German Politics and Society 25, no. 3 (2007): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2007.250303.

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British-German relations have undergone a considerable transformation since 1945 with both countries having to adapt to significant changes in their own status, as well as a very different international environment. Germany's status as a morally and militarily defeated and occupied power in 1945 is in stark contrast to the confident role it is playing at the beginning of the new millennium when—sixty years after the end of World War II—the German chancellor for the first time took part in the VE-Day celebrations of the victors. This article analyzes recent dynamics of collective memory in both

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Saunders, Anna. "Growing Up On the Front Line: Young East Germans and the Effects of Militarism During the 1980s." Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 13, no. 3 (2005): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651560500440520.

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LAQUA, DANIEL. "PACIFISM IN FIN-DE-SIÈCLE AUSTRIA: THE POLITICS AND LIMITS OF PEACE ACTIVISM." Historical Journal 57, no. 1 (2014): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x1300037x.

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ABSTRACTThe late Habsburg Monarchy produced two of the most renowned peace activists of their day: Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Fried. In comparison to these two Nobel Peace laureates, the main association of Austro-pacifism – theÖsterreichische Friedensgesellschaft(ÖFG) – is less well known. The article concentrates on this organization, which had been founded in 1891, and it draws attention to the political and intellectual environment in which it operated. The ÖFG originated in the milieu of Austro-German liberalism, but had an ambivalent rapport with liberal politics. The Austro-pacifists

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Geyer, Michael. "Emilio Willems. A Way of Life and Death: Three Centuries of Prussian-German Militarism; An Anthropological Approach." American Historical Review 93, no. 1 (1988): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1865762.

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Sea, Thomas F. "The German Princes' Responses to the Peasants' Revolt of 1525." Central European History 40, no. 2 (2007): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000520.

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The German Peasants' Revolt of 1525 represented an unprecedented challenge to the princes and other petty political rulers of the areas involved. While localized uprisings had occurred with increasing frequency in the decades prior to the 1525 revolt and an uneasy awareness of growing levels of peasant discontent was widespread among most rulers of southern and central German lands, the extent of the major rebellion that developed in early 1525 took everyone by surprise. No one was prepared to respond, either militarily or through more peaceful means. Even the Swabian League, the peacekeeping

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Hoar, Aedan. "The Biopolitics of Mixing: Thai Multiracialities and Haunted Ascendancies." UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 18 (April 27, 2014): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/38550.

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The Biopolitics of Mixing: Thai Multiracialities and Haunted Ascendancies.By JINTHANA HARITAWORN. Ashgate, 2012. $99.95Reviewed by Aedan HoarThe Biopolitics of Mixing builds upon Thai histories that were collected during Haritaworn’s qualitative research on experiences of Thai multiraciality in Britain and Germany. The narrative reaches back over a decade and maps out the connections and conclusions of Haritaworn’s journey with race and the question: “What are you?” or “Where do you come from?” By giving voice to the themes that emerged from Haritaworn’s research and interviews, this book maps

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Rudnicka-Bogusz, Marta. "The Genius loci Issue in the Revalorization of Post-Military Complexes: Selected Case Studies in Legnica (Poland)." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020232.

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Barracks built at the turn of the 20th century and in the 1930s in garrison towns in the Western Borderlands of Poland serve as the focal point of their cultural landscape. Traditions, which grew around these structures during three independent periods (pre-war German times, the totalitarian post-war period and the contemporary free-market economy), form a continuous narrative of how the military contributed to development and helped shape the sense of local identity. Simultaneously, historic barracks complexes are a dissonant heritage due to the complicated history of these lands, known as th

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Hammond, Kelly A. "Managing Muslims: imperial Japan, Islamic policy, and Axis connections during the Second World War." Journal of Global History 12, no. 2 (2017): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022817000079.

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AbstractProbing into Japan’s quest to legitimize itself within the Islamic sphere, this article examines some of the lessons that imperial Japan hoped to learn from the Germans and the Italians regarding their respective handling of Muslim populations in the Middle East and North Africa. For their part, Muslims living under Japanese occupation on the mainland often benefited from Axis cooperation and were able to create relationships with Muslims beyond China. In the article, I posit that Japanese militarists used their Axis connections as a powerful rhetorical tool to position themselves as l

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Bucholz, Arden. "The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866–1914. By Nicholas Stargardt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994. Pp. 232. $59.95. ISBN 0-521-42010-5." Central European History 27, no. 3 (1994): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900010347.

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Samokhvalov, I. M., N. A. Tiniankin, S. A. Matveev, T. Yu Suprun, P. P. Liashedko, and S. L. Bechik. "On the occasion of centenary of the birth of I.I.Deriabin (1920–1987)." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 3 (2020): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50565.

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Abstract. On the 2nd of August, 2020 marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of the famous Russian surgeon, the Head of War Surgery department of the Academy, professor, Major-General of the Medical Corps Ilia Ivanovich Deriabin. I.I. Deriabin was the participant of the Great Patriotic War and the war against militarist Japan, the warfare in Afghanistan, the first postwar postgraduate fellow under professor S.I.Banaitis, a student and associate professor of A.N. Bercutov, an officer working many years at War Surgery department, Kirov Military Medical Academy. I.I. Deriabin was also the Head

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Berger, Stefan. "Reviews : Nicholas Stargardt, The German Idea of Militarism. Radical and Socialist Critics 1866-1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521 46692X; 1994; xiv + 232 pp.; £16.95." European History Quarterly 26, no. 3 (1996): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149602600313.

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