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1
Røislien, Hanne Eggen. "Religion and Military Conscription." Armed Forces & Society 39, no. 2 (July 16, 2012): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x12449429.
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BORОDAI, E. "CLASSIFICATION OF METHODS OF MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SENIOR GRADE STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PRE-CALL PREPARATION." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 26 (April 7, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2020.26.227427.
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The article considers the peculiarities of the classification of methods of military-patriotic education of high school students in the process of pre-conscription training, substantiates the feasibility of developing a comprehensive system of teaching methods for the subject "Defense of Ukraine". The traditional approaches to the classification of methods of military-patriotic education are considered. The diversity of views of scholars is consistent with a comprehensive approach to grouping the content and essence of methods, resulting in four groups of methods, their combinations and concepts characteristic of military-patriotic education: methods of forming patriotic consciousness, views and beliefs in pre-conscription youth, methods of organization military-patriotic activity and formation of personal experience of behavior of pre-conscription youth, methods of stimulation and motivation of military-patriotic activity and behavior of pre-conscription youth, methods of self-education and self-preparation of pre-conscription youth for military service.
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Kovtunenko, Lyudmila V., and Egor V. Paramonov. "Motivational and Value-Based Orientation of Pre-Conscription Youth toward Military Service." Penitentiary science 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-4-589-591.
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Due to the collapse of the Soviet system of military professional orientation it has become necessary to review the work with pre-conscription youth oriented toward military service; the work, includes, among other things, expanding a network of cadet educational organizations. The main goals in forming the military-professional orientation of pre-conscription youth are achieved by providing resources for the educational process, service and extracurricular activities. Motivational and value-based attitude toward military service is developed throughout the entire educational period; this contributes to the formation of cadets’ readiness to become career military officers and choose military service as a priority type of professional activity. Having analyzed psychological and pedagogical literature, we came to the conclusion that the system of military orientation of pre-conscription youth currently implemented in cadet corps, will contribute to the effective development of young people’s orientation toward military service. Key words: military service, motivational and value-based orientation, pre-conscription youth, cadets, cadet corps.
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NG, PAK SHUN. ""WHY NOT A VOLUNTEER ARMY?" REEXAMINING THE IMPACT OF MILITARY CONSCRIPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR SINGAPORE." Singapore Economic Review 50, no. 01 (April 2005): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590805001871.
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This paper evaluates the economic merits of a conscript or an all-volunteer military force for Singapore, focusing on military conscription as a subset of military expenditure. While many papers investigate the relationships between economic growth and conscription or defence spending, no concrete study has linked them to provide a new argument for or against conscription. This paper relates these three research areas to examine the economic costs and benefits of a conscript and an all-volunteer force for Singapore, taking into account the effects of military spending on the growth of the economy.
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Konstantinidis, Nikitas. "Military conscription, external security, and income inequality: The missing link." Journal of Theoretical Politics 32, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 312–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629819895595.
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This article seeks to analyze the political economy of military conscription policy and its relationship with a country’s external security environment. National security is modeled as a non-rivalrous and non-excludable public good, whose production technology consists of either centrally conscripted or competitively recruited military labor. Conscription is construed as an implicit discretionary tax on citizens’ labor endowment. Based on this, I propose a simple political economy model of pure public goods provision financed by two policy instruments: a lump-sum income tax and a conscription tax. Constraint optimization of a quasi-linear utility function gives rise to three general classes of preferences: high- and low-skilled citizens will prefer an all-volunteer army, albeit of different size, whereas medium-skilled citizens will favor positive levels of conscription. These derived preferences allow me to tease out an explicit relationship between military manpower procurement policy, a country’s level of external threat, and its pre-tax income inequality levels. One of my key findings is that more egalitarian countries are more likely to use conscription as a military manpower procurement mechanism.
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Kuzmin, S. A., and L. K. Grigorieva. "Organization of anti-epidemic measures when conscripting citizens for military service during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2302-01.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been officially declared an international emergency by the World Health Organization. During this period of time, the state task of conscripting citizens for military service was carried out in our country. When performing this task, anti-epidemic measures were taken. Medical examination of conscripts was carried out at all stages of their route, starting from the military conscription office of the municipality to the assembly point of the military conscription office of the region. All conscripts had their body temperature measured, and they were provided with personal protective equipment — masks and gloves, which were changed every two hours. A PCR test was carried out in the municipalities, and a laboratory blood test in order to detect IgG/IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was carried out at the assembly point of the region. The taken measures contributed to the successful completion of the task of preventing the introduction of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 into the troops and the mass spread of the disease.
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Lucassen, Jan, and Erik Jan Zürcher. "Conscription as Military Labour: The Historical Context." International Review of Social History 43, no. 3 (December 1998): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859098000224.
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For most of the nineteenth and twentieth century, universal conscription has been by far the predominant system of military recruitment, but the phenomenon has received surprisingly little attention from social historians. This lack of attention is all the more surprising if one considers the interesting position occupied by conscription at the crossroads of wage and non-wage labour and free and unfree labour.The following articles by Khaled Fahmy, Erik Jan Zürcher and Stephanie Cronin deal with the spread of the conscription system in one specific area (the Middle East) where it has been the most prominent feature of the establishment of increased and centralized state control over societies which, until relatively recent times, consisted of largely self-sufficient agrarian communities with very little contact with the outside world. The introduction of universal conscription confronted both states and populations with entirely new demands and problems.
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Byers, Daniel. "Mobilising Canada: The National Resources Mobilization Act, the Department of National Defence, and Compulsory Military Service in Canada, 1940-1945." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031107ar.
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Abstract Compulsory military service took on the most organized, long-term form it has ever had in Canada during the Second World War. But few historians look beyond the politics of conscription to study the creation, administration or impact of a training system that affected more than 150,000 people. Faced with the Mackenzie King government's policy of conscripting manpower only for home defence, and their own need for overseas volunteers, Army leaders used conscripts raised under the National Resources Mobilization Act to meet both purposes. This paper explores the Army's role in creating and administering the compulsory military training system during the war, the pressures put on conscripts to volunteer for overseas service, and the increased resistance to volunteering that resulted by 1944. The consequences of the Army's management of conscription came very much to shape the political events that took place in 1944, and cannot be fully understood outside that context.
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Kovtunenko, L. V., and E. V. Paramonov. "Motivational and Value-Based Orientation of Pre-Conscription Youth toward Military Service." Penitentiary science 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-4-524-527.
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Due to the collapse of the Sovietsystem ofmilitary professional orientation it has become necessary to review the work with pre-conscription youth oriented toward military service; the work, includes, among other things, expanding a network of cadet educational organizations. The main goals in forming the military-professional orientation of pre-conscription youth are achieved by providing resources for the educational process, service and extracurricular activities. Motivational and value-based attitude toward military service is developed throughout the entire educational period; this contributes to the formation of cadets’ readiness to become career militaryofficers and choose military service as a priority type of professional activity. Having analyzed psychological and pedagogical literature,we came to the conclusion that the system of military orientation of pre-conscription youth currently implemented in cadet corps, will contribute to the effective development of young people’s orientation toward military service.
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Baran, Anzhelika. "Legislation on conscription: comparative analysis." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2023.1.3.
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The objective of the research is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the system of legal enforcement of military service as a method of forming the armed forces and influencing democratic processes in society, as well as to formulate well-founded proposals and methods for solving the identified problems.
Research methodology The research was conducted using the method of content analysis, which is used in the study of sources that are invariant to the structure and content of the object of scientific research. Content analysis combines nomothetic research methods with idiographic methods.
The method of conceptual analysis should be developed within the framework of the above- mentioned analytical study, as it is used to identify existing comparative and theoretical concepts of ensuring the order of conscription.
The analysis of the legal mechanism of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in the countries of the world, as well as the institutional mechanisms of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in Ukraine is carried out using the formal-logical method. The provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries were analysed using the comparative legal method.
The subject is the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of foreign countries in the field of military conscription.
Conclusions. The author of the mentioned study comes to the conclusion that an important element of the model of the legal enforcement of military duty - the subject, whose function is the duty to protect the state, to ensure its security, is the entire Ukrainian people; military service is not a function, but a constitutional duty of such a circle of subjects as citizens of Ukraine; this constitutional duty consists in 1) ensuring the defence of Ukraine; 2) protecting the sovereignty of Ukraine; 3) protecting the territorial integrity of Ukraine; 4) protecting the integrity of Ukraine; the fulfilment of this duty involves voluntary or conscript military service; military service is a form of fulfilment of the duty of a citizen of Ukraine; the special status of military personnel should be established in the legislation of Ukraine, as well as the procedure for completion of military service by citizens of Ukraine should be regulated.
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Galiani, Sebastian, Martín A. Rossi, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. "Conscription and Crime: Evidence from the Argentine Draft Lottery." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.2.119.
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We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in military service on individuals' subsequent involvement in criminal activities. To identify this causal effect, we exploit the random assignment of young men to conscription in Argentina through a draft lottery. Using a dataset that includes draft eligibility, participation in military service, and criminal records, we find that conscription increases the likelihood of developing a criminal record. The effects are significant not only for cohorts that provided military service during wartime, but also for those that served during peacetime. Our results do not support the introduction of conscription for anti-crime purposes. JEL (H56, K42, O17)
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Sitdikov, A. M. "Organization of Soviet Higher Pre-Conscription Military Training in the Second Half of the 1930s." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2023): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-527-539.
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The article assesses organizational changes in the process of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. This system was the most important element of training Red Army reserve personnel for the upcoming Great Patriotic War. It was created in 1930 during forced industrialization when specialists were in urgent demand in the national economy. Thus, the Soviet leadership faced the task of creating a system permitting to train future commanders without discontinuing their profession educational. The current geopolitical situation increases relevance of studying history of military personnel training in the USSR in the 1930s. The novelty of this study is that it describes for the first time the process of transformation of the institute of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. The research is based on the office documents of the People's Commissariat of Defense and those of military districts, stored in the fond 62 of the Russian State Military Archive. The author has established reasons that influenced structural changes in the process of training reserve personnel and identified decisions of the top military leadership on the matter. The article also reveals the impact of the Red Army’s repressions of 1937–38 on the system of higher pre-conscription military training. It is noted that in the new conditions, the approach to students selection changed, more attention was paid to political reliability of personnel and students. In addition, the top military leadership decided to reduce the period of higher pre-conscription military training from three to two years, while increasing training hours. The list of educational institutions with higher pre-conscription military training also changed. However, by 1938 the geopolitical situation had changed significantly, and the position of the USSR in international politics had deteriorated greatly. The military leadership faced the problem of forced training of personnel for the regular army, and therefore the institute of higher pre-conscription training was no longer relevant. In August 1938, the system was eliminated; there was a transition to accelerated pre-army training.
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Asal, Victor, Justin Conrad, and Nathan Toronto. "I Want You! The Determinants of Military Conscription." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 7 (September 23, 2015): 1456–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715606217.
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What explains the use of military conscription? Using a new data set of more than 100 countries over a period of 200 years, we examine the determinants of a state’s decision to implement a military draft. We argue that the decision to use conscription is largely dependent on historical factors. Specifically, we contend that former British colonies are less likely to use conscription as a means of military recruitment because of an anticonscription precedent set during the English Civil War. We find that former British colonies are far less likely to opt for conscription, even after controlling for counter arguments relating to a state’s colonial legacy. We also examine a number of existing explanations for the use of conscripts, using the data to arbitrate previous debates. We find that democracies are less likely to implement the draft, while states involved in an interstate war or interstate rivalry are more likely to do so.
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Benecke, Werner. "Die Allgemeine Wehrpflicht in Russland: Zwischen militärischem Anspruch und zivilen Interessen." Journal of Modern European History 5, no. 2 (September 2007): 244–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2007_2_244.
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Universal Conscription in Tsarist Russia: Between Military Demands and Civil Interests Universal conscription was introduced in Russia in 1874 and completed the »Great Reforms» which had been started in 1861. After controversial debates war minister Dmitrij Alekseevič Miljutin wanted conscription to have as little effects as possible on civil life in the world's largest country, in order to prevent social unrest. A system of exemptions was applied to recruits considered to be indispensable in civil life. Any education obtained before mustering automatically reduced the duration of military service. In general, the conscription law made no exemptions for recruits of non-Russian or non-Orthodox origin. The principle of moving soldiers far away from their home towns and the ratio of 75% Russians and 25% non-Russians in the composition of military units were intended to respond to the army's multiethnic character. However, Jewish recruits suffered from systematic discrimination. Although Russia's imperial status was primarily based on its military power, universal conscription never included more than 30% of the annual number of potential recruits. Despite Miljutin's reform attempts, the fatal belief in the power of the seemingly inexhaustible human resources overshadowed all necessary reforms until the end of the Tsarist regime.
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Kostinov, M. P., V. V. Zverev, O. A. Svitich, and I. S. Mukhachev. "Vaccination of Persons Subject to Call-up for Military Service." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 22, no. 5 (November 10, 2023): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-58-62.
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Relevance. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of a number of vaccine-preventable diseases. The health of military personnel directly affects the combat effectiveness of the army. Aim. Preserving the health of the military and ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the troops is one of the most important tasks. Result. Approaches to vaccination of persons subject to conscription for military service and a list of infections against which they should be vaccinated (influenza, meningococcal and pneumococcal infections, chickenpox, COVID-19) are presented. Vaccines, schedule and features of vaccine administration are described. A list of the main regulatory documents for vaccination is provided. Conclusion. Vaccine prevention of persons subject to conscription for military service is an important strategic task, the implementation of which depends on coordinated work between military and civilian healthcare. Vaccination coverage of persons subject to conscription for military service must reach 100%.
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Kosonen, Jarkko, Puustinen Alisa, and Tallberg Teemu. "Saying no to military service – obligation, killing and inequality as experienced problems in conscription-based military in Finland." Journal of Military Studies 8, no. 2019 (December 31, 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jms-2019-0005.
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Abstract While studying citizen-soldiers, their dual identity as a soldier and a civilian have been highlighted. A citizen-soldier’s role is linked to citizenship and its obligation. The dual identity or critical voices of conscription or reserve forces have neither been recognized in research nor been debated publicly in Finland. The aim of this article is to analyse the reasons why some conscripts raise critical voices concerning their relationship with conscription and their role as reservists. The study is based on the interviews of 38 non-military service men and 33 men who resigned from the reserve in 2017. The data was analysed using content analysis. According to the results, the main problems with regard to conscription and armed defence, among the conscripts, relate to inequality of the conscription system, obligation to serve and lack of discretion. For individual conscripts as citizen-soldiers, the problem of killing has special weight when they reflect upon their own role in the possible act of war. Conscripts and their expertise could be used more extensively in a wider range of security-related issues than in armed defence alone.
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Kuzmin, S. A., and L. K. Grigorieva. "A Russian regional draft commission report on quality control efforts regarding medical examination of conscripts." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 1 (April 17, 2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-1-34-41.
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Introduction. In Russian constituents, draft commissions play the leading role in providing medical services to individuals preparing for military service.The objective of the study is to analyze activities of a regional draft commission located in the Orenburg region with a specific focus on quality control during medical examination of conscripts.Methods. The study relied on reports and records of the Military Medical Expertise Center at the Federal Budgetary Institution “Military Commissariat of the Orenburg Region” throughout 2012 to 2021 timespan.Results and analysis. Within the analyzed 10 year’s timespan the number of conscripts in the Orenburg region decreased by 11.6 %. However, the number of individuals fit for military service (categories “A”+”B”) remained relatively unchanged, e.g. 14058 individuals in 2012 and 14837 in 2021 (except years 2013 and 2014 with 12494 and 12880 individuals in this category, respectively). The ratio between the individuals potentially fit for military service to those actually deployed indicates the rate of conscription withdrawal rate. In 2020 the conscription withdrawal rate was at its minimum value of 26.7 %, reaching its maximum value of 38.8 % in 2013. Within the timespan under study, 47500 individuals residing in the region were conscribed for combat deployment. Following medical examination, 1793 (3.8 %) applicants were withdrawn from conscription as unfit for military service. Within the first three months of military service, 29 (0.06 %) military personnel were dismissed from service for health reasons and general disease diagnosis. Some 52.200 individuals were deferred or exempted from the military draft (fitness categories for military service “B”, “G”, “D”), of which 28200 (54.1 %) were called for a medical revision examination. 2536 citizens were recognized as appropriate for military service (suitability categories “A” + “B”), amounting to 10.1 % of the arrived conscripts.Conclusion. Timely medical examinations of individuals upon conscription for military service, as well as medical and recreational activities for conscripts depend on the due and well-coordinated operation of regional conscription commissions. Under the resolution of the President of Russia on efforts to increase the corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, more extensive resources of potential military culture scripts are required.
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Gresh, Jason P. "The Realities of Russian Military Conscription." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 24, no. 2 (April 2011): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2011.572699.
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Rakhmanov, Pavel S. "Accounting and conscription of former officers of the Russian Imperial Army in the Red Army during the Civil War (based on the materials of the Tambov Governorate)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 3 (2022): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-3-794-804.
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The civil war and intervention necessitated a general mobilization in the controlled territories. There was an acute problem of manning the Red Army with qualified command personnel, including former tsarist officers (military experts). The purpose of the study is to consider the pro-cedure for conscripting former officers of the army of the Russian Empire to command positions in the Red Army during the Civil War. The problems of military mobilization work during the Civil War, including the involvement of former officers of the tsarist army in the Soviet service, have been studied to a greater extent at the all-Russian level. The regional specifics of the activities of organizations that carried out the registration and conscription of former officers, the problems of evading former officers from conscription and bringing them to justice for such acts are analyzed. It is concluded that in the course of the growing armed confrontation at the front, the Soviet military registration authorities went from a partial call-up of certain categories of military experts to a general total mobilization of all fit-for-service officers of the old army who lived on the territory of the RSFSR. The high level of education and qualifications of the majority of former officers allowed them to successfully cope with their duties in the civil service. This circumstance led to disagreements between the civil and military departments on the drafting of certain employees from among the former officers into the army.
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Myachin, Nikolai V., Yury G. Ignatov, Vitaly S. Cherkashin, Alan S. Koraev, Oleg V. Gasparyan, Dmitry N. Gudkov, Anatoly A. Agapitov, and Alexander Ya Fisun. "Optimization of interdepartmental electronic interaction of the military commissariat in the organization and conduct of medical examination of citizens subject to conscription." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma108959.
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The military commissariat requests information characterizing their state of health in order to study the state of health of citizens subject to conscription before the next conscription of citizens for military service. An interdepartmental request for this informations provision to medical organizations and institutions of medical and social expertise is encouraging to be issued in the form of an electronic document using a unified system of interdepartmental electronic interaction, taking into account the trends in the development of the public administration system. Interdepartmental interaction optimization through creation of an electronic interaction mechanism will allow military commissariats to promptly exchange information in real-time characterizing the citizens state of health subject to conscription for military service with medical organizations of the state and municipal health care system, and federal state institutions of medical and social expertise. The direct connection of the military commissariat to the state information system in the field of healthcare of the subject of the Russian Federation by means of cryptographic protection of information will contribute to improving the quality as well as deceasing the medical examination time of citizens subject to conscription, thus improving the efficiency of providing medical services to citizens in medical organizations. The public administration system was successfully reoriented to provide state and municipal services in a remote format during the unstable epidemiological situation caused by the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. Optimization of interdepartmental electronic interaction will allow military commissariats to take additional preventive measures to avoid infection and avert the spread of a new coronavirus infection during the recruitment campaign. Modern digital technologies and solutions are able to provide a qualitative leap in the organization of conscription of citizens for military service, which can be implemented without significant financial costs in the short term. However, there is a growing need to involve a proper number of participants of the military command and other state authorities in solving this complex problem.
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Yeo, Yezi. "The good, the bad, and the forgiven: The media spectacle of South Korean male celebrities’ compulsory military service." Media, War & Conflict 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217694122.
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For almost 70 years, South Korea has upheld the principle of universal male conscription, and the military has been a potent force in post-war South Korean political, economic, and social development. The role and significance of male conscription and the military establishment in South Korean society have been explored from the perspective of political, social, and gender/post-colonial studies. However, there is a considerable lack of academic research assessing the social meanings behind the highly publicized conduct of male celebrities’ negotiating the issue of their compulsory military service, which has turned increasingly into media spectacles since the mid-1990s. This study attempts to provide an insight into the political and social ramifications of such media events by tracing the military service and male celebrity discourse through several major conscription scandals in the South Korean mass media. By simultaneously policing and exploiting the ‘sacred’ duty to serve, these media scandals reinforce what it means to be a true ‘Korean man’.
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Kriner, Douglas L., and Francis X. Shen. "Conscription, Inequality, and Partisan Support for War." Journal of Conflict Resolution 60, no. 8 (July 9, 2016): 1419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715590877.
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While recent scholarship suggests that conscription decreases support for military action, we argue that its effect is contingent both on a draft’s consequences for inequality in military sacrifice and on partisanship. In an experiment examining public support for defending South Korea, we find that reinstating the draft significantly decreases support for war among Democrats; however, this effect is diminished if the draft reduces inequality in sacrifice. Support for war among Republicans, by contrast, responds neither to information about conscription nor its inequality ramifications. A follow-up experiment shows that conscription continues to significantly decrease support for war, even in the context of a retaliatory strike against a foreign state that targeted American forces. Moreover, partisanship and the inequality ramifications of the draft continue to moderate the relationships between conscription and public opinion. More broadly, our study emphasizes the importance of examining how Americans evaluate foreign policy–relevant information through partisan lenses.
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Mutiyev, A. V. "Pre-conscription Training and Activities of Military Sports Committees in the Crimea during the World War I." Modern History of Russia 14, no. 1 (2024): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.110.
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The role of Military Sports Committees in the pre-conscription training of young people of the Crimea during the World War I is considered. It is established that the Military Sports Committees organized in Simferopol, Sevastopol and Feodosia cities, have made a significant contribution to the organization of pre-conscription training of young people and have established close ties with existing city sports societies and men’s educational institutions. The committees included heads of educational institutions, representatives of the civil and military administration of the Crimean Peninsula and persons actively assisting the committee in solving its tasks. For the purpose of pre-conscription training, teams of pre-conscripts were formed under the guidance of experienced instructors-officers, sports competitions were organized, the construction of sports facilities was initiated, physical education and military-physical training of high school students of gymnasiums and colleges of the Crimea were activated. The Military Sports Committees worked together with the Sevastopol Сlub of Sports Enthusiasts, the Simferopol Society for the Promotion of Physical Development and Sports, school sports clubs of Crimean cities gymnasiums and colleges. As a result to the efforts of the Committee, sports such as rowing, swimming, athletics, cycling, horse riding, football have been further developed on the Crimean Peninsula. The Committees provided material and methodological assistance to educational institutions in conducting classes with high school students in gymnastics, military formation and shooting. The political events connected with the February Revolution at the beginning of 1917 practically stopped the activities of Military Sports Committees and stopped the work on military physical training of young people in the Crimea, however, the accumulated practical experience formed the basis for the further development of the pre-conscription training system already in Soviet times.
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Novopavlovskaya, Elena, and Alexander Lavrentiev. "Conscription for military service in legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation." Legal Science and Practice: Journal of Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36511/2078-5356-2021-4-86-93.
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The conscription for military service is a constitutional duty, the duty to defend the Fatherland – the order, the conditions for its implementation, problems and ways to resolve them are the object of attention in domestic science and the subject of various conflicts, litigation, incl. in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Currently, the bulk of the issues related to conscription for military service have been removed, not least thanks to the mechanism of constitutional justice.
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Stanar, Dragan, and Srđan Starčević. "Military service as part of Serbian ethos." Socioloski pregled 58, no. 2 (2024): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg58-49221.
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This paper aims to describe and explain why mandatory military service represents the optimal military model in the Republic of Serbia, from the insufficiently explored perspective of the position and nature of the military in Serbian national ethos. The authors analyze the previously provided key arguments for conscription and, furthermore, identify the characteristics of Serbian collective ethos in order to precisely define the role and nature of the military constituted by the accumulated Serbian historical experience. By comparing different contemporary models of armed forces, their advantages, disadvantages, implications and social nature, the authors conclude that conscription is compatible with Serbian national ethos and the characteristics of Serbian national identity and that, as such, it represents the optimal military model in the Republic of Serbia.
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Demirtaş, Birgül. "Understanding Turkish Perception of Conscription and Reluctance to Reform: A Westphalian Approach in a Post-Westphalian World?" Iran and the Caucasus 16, no. 3 (2012): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20120022.
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Many of the Western countries have radically changed their system of conscription in the recent decades. Turkey that enthusiastically takes the West as a model in many fields continues, however, to ignore developments in the Western military systems and sticks to its traditional understanding of military institutions. The present study seeks to examine the rationale behind Turkey’s conscription system and its reluctance to reform. Why is the Justice and Development Party (JDP) still stuck to the same conscription system that remained untouched in its fundamentals for 85 years? The basic argument of the article is that although the discourse in Turkish foreign policy changed considerably under the JDP, Turkish decision leaders still have a security understanding dominated by the realist approach.
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Makarova, Lyudmila N., Sergey V. Novikov, German S. Bogomolov, and Sergey V. Ivannikov. "Interaction of the university with the armed forces in the field of military-patriotic education of youth: implementation experience." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 188 (2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-188-157-163.
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The expediency of interaction of the educational organization with the military units of the region in the process of military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of young people for service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is substantiated. As an example, we consider the experience of the Derzhavin Tambov State University in the field of military-patriotic work with youth both at the university and in the region. We analyze the features and results of the work of the regional branch of the All-Russian military-patriotic movement “Young Army”, the regional center for pre-conscription training of youth and military-patriotic education, operating on the basis of the university; the federal project being implemented jointly with the mil-itary units of the Tambov garrison to create in the region military-patriotic centers “Avangard”, organize regional stages of the All-Russian military-patriotic games “Zarnitsa”, “Eaglet”, “Victo-ry”. The author’s position is that the active participation of an educational institution in military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of students of the university and the region in co-operation with the military units of the Tambov territorial garrison will allow not only to more ef-fectively solve the problems of educating a citizen, patriot, defender of the Fatherland, but also to become non-traditional potential “growth point” of the university. The directions and mechanisms of interaction between the university and the military units of the Tambov garrison are described, the results of interaction in the field of military-patriotic education of students in the region are as-sessed.
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Čikalova, Oksana, Danguolė Drungilienė, and Vida Mockienė. "Privalomosios pradinės ir profesionalios karo tarnybų karių patiriamo streso analizė." Sveikatos mokslai 23, no. 1 (January 5, 2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013.015.
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Very often conscripted soldiers experience heavy physical loads and mental shocks and challenges. The goal of this thesis was to analyse and to compare the factors triggering the stress to soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service and the ways to cope with it. Methods applied in this thesis were as follows: investigation conducted in 2010-2011 applying quantitative data accumulation and data processing methods. 233 soldiers of compulsory conscription and professional military service that were in the service in the aircraft base of Military Air Force and were selected applying the targeted sampling method participated in the inquiry. The statistic program package „SPSS 17 for Windows” was applied for data analysis. Levels of significance of statistical hypotheses were applied: where p<0,05 was statistically significant, p<0,01 was statistically very significant and p<001 was extremely statistically significant. The participants were acquainted with investigation goal and the consent of a uniformed person was received. The results of the investigation revealed that such factors as everyday routine, military discipline, constant tiredness, impossibility to change the established day time schedule, negative emotions of other soldiers and strict particular requirements triggered stress significantly more often to the soldiers of compulsory conscription service than to the soldiers of professional service. The more strong reaction of soldiers of compulsory conscription service to stress provoked the feeling of loneliness and physical and emotional exhaustion at the end of the service day, meanwhile the soldiers of professional service had some difficulties with sleep at night and emotional exhaustion. While trying to combat the stress the soldiers of professional service significantly more often than the soldiers of compulsory conscription service used the conversation with a good friend and long walks, meanwhile the soldiers of compulsory conscription service trying to suppress the stress used to smoke significantly more often than the soldiers of professional service. Smoking as the method to conquer the stress was preferred more often by the soldiers from smaller townships.
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Kaitukov, Georgy B. "Pre-conscription training of secondary school students in North Ossetia during the Great Patriotic War." Historical and social-educational ideas 13, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2021-13-2-87-98.
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Introduction. At all levels, there is a search for a new model of military-patriotic education; given that the period of active military service is 1 year, the need for military training in schools, gymnasiums, colleges becomes very important and significant. This is related to the relevance of the topic of military-patriotic education at different stages of the history of Russia. The purpose of this article, which is part of the author's dissertation research, is to analyze the forms and methods of military-patriotic education of schoolchildren and pre-conscription training in educational institutions of North Ossetia during the Great Patriotic War. Materials and methods. Historiographical analysis of the problem allows us to conclude that the problems of military pre-conscription training have found their place in the works of historians (Shatunova G.P., Peshkova I.A., Molokov E.V., Reutova L.P., Zhuravlev Yu.I., etc.). Researchers analyze the mass defense work of party and state bodies during the war, study non-military methods of training the population, reconstruct the types and forms of work. Historians analyze many aspects of the big problem in different regions of the country (Mukhametov P.A., Banzaraktsaeva E.V., Sukhanov S.V., Petkov V.A., etc.). This was made possible by the introduction of a large body of new archival documents into scientific circulation. General patterns of Vsevobuch and its manifestations in the regions were established. However, based on the materials of North Ossetia, this topic has not become the subject of scientific study. The main general scientific methods are the method of historicism and objectivity. Interdisciplinary approaches were used in the work, which allowed us to reveal the essence of the studied processes more deeply. The historical and comparative method made it possible to compare the processes in military sports training on the eve of the war with the implementation of the military training program during the war. The historical and chronological method was used when considering the process of pre-conscription training at different stages of the war. The methods of ethnography made it possible to focus on the specifics of military education characteristic of the region. The results of the study. The analysis of the source base and the available historiography on the issue of military education in schools makes it possible to determine the methods of conducting pre-conscription training classes on the territory of North Ossetia, and an attempt is also made to analyze the forms of military training of school youth for service in the army, for first aid. In addition to military training, the emphasis was placed on the education of a patriot who was able to love his homeland and protect it from the enemy. Attention is also paid to the institute of the school military leader (military instructors) and their role in pre-conscription training.
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Axatov, Samariddin Alikulovich, and Umidjon Maxamadjonovich Akhmatkulov. "Basics of pre-conscription military training subject." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 8 (2021): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01835.8.
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LINGLE, C. "On the Real Costs of Military Conscription." South African Journal of Economics 57, no. 3 (September 1989): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1989.tb00197.x.
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Kuzmin, S. A., and L. K. Grigorieva. "Medical, social and psychological characteristics of conscription-age residents of the Orenburg region of Russia." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (January 30, 2024): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2023-0-4-25-33.
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Relevance. With the army and navy forces understaffed with physically strong and healthy young recruits, the problem is currently being considered at the state level; the lack of military reserve forces is a major problem for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.The objective is to assess the health status, lifestyles, quality of life, ethic and professional aptitudes of potential conscripts in the Orenburg region in the course of preliminary military training. Methods. Reports and accounts of enlistment commissariats across Orenburg municipalities were studied from 2012 through 2021. The study focused on the Orenburg region residents of conscription age, who underwent an anonymous social and demographic survey. Quality of life indicators were estimated by MOS SF-36, whereas dedicated personality and aptitude testing was used to assess neuropsychic stability and cognitive abilities.Results and analysis. In 2012 the Orenburg region had 21,600 residents of conscription age, with 65.1% considered healthy and apt for military service. Almost one in three conscripts was unfit for military service due to health issues. Due to demographic challenges in the region, the number of conscripts decreased year to year, resulting in a 30% drop-down by 2021 according to forecasts. This situation undermined military service conscription goals. Therefore, efforts were undertaken to mainstream healthcare and fitness initiatives among the youth, as well as actively promote healthy lifestyles and sports, which eventually allowed to attract more newly drafted conscripts. Thus, in 2021 the rate of conscripts considered healthy and apt for military service stood at was 77.7%.Conclusion. Analyses of medical, social and psychological characteristics of Russian nationals of conscription age provides evidence for appropriate decision-making to maintaining the combat abilities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
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Hämmerle, Christa. "Ein gescheitertes Experiment? Die Allgemeine Wehrpflicht in der multiethnischen Armee der Habsburgermonarchie." Journal of Modern European History 5, no. 2 (September 2007): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2007_2_222.
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A Failed Experiment? Conscription in the Multi-Ethnic Army of the Habsburg Monarchy The article first looks at public military debates around 1900 which focused on the implementation of universal conscription in Austria-Hungary and concentrated on ethnic tensions within the empire. Ethnic conflicts were increasingly made responsible for the erosion of the Habsburg dual monarchy's foundations and its joint military. Against this background, the introduction and organisation of universal conscription since 1868 are analysed with a particular focus on the regulations set up to respond to the multi-ethnic structure of the Austrian-Hungarian army. The analysis continues with some aspects that reveal the social acceptance of the new recruiting system and led to very different reactions in the various regions of the monarchy. As a result the factors behind the problems and limits in implementing universal conscription transcended the multi-ethnic structures of Austria-Hungary. Thus multi-ethnicity was by no means the only cause of the problems. Only in combination with other categories such as religion, class, gender or social inequality, ethnicity could develop a disintegrative effect. However, this disintegrative impact remained limited in most territories of the Habsburg monarchy and could not challenge the general acceptance of universal conscription during the First World War.
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Steinmüller, Hans. "Conscription by Capture in the Wa State of Myanmar: Acquaintances, Anonymity, Patronage, and the Rejection of Mutuality." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 508–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000197.
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AbstractCapturing people, sometimes by taking relatives hostage, is a common practice for purposes of conscription and law enforcement in the Wa State of Myanmar. Given the unreliability of the local census, as well as the relative weakness of civil government, and registration in a de facto state governed by an insurgent army, the personal politics of capture provides a functional equivalent to state legibility. This personal politics operates based on the reorganization of personal networks between representatives of the military state and ordinary people: first, circles of acquaintances within the military state that provide access to local knowledge, and second, relationships of patronage formed on the basis of those new acquaintanceships, as well as connections of kinship and co-residence. Conscription by capture, however, also requires anonymity; that is, the passive non-recognition of mutuality with strangers and the active refusal of mutuality with acquaintances. This article describes the historical emergence of networks of acquaintances and relationships of patronage as a combination of Maoist state-building and local institutions of war capture and adoption. It demonstrates how conscription by capture relies on relationships of acquaintances and non-recognition, as well as on patronage and the refusal of mutuality. The politics of conscription by capture are contrasted with conscription in imperial states and contemporary nation-states.
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Ertür, Başak. "Conscription and Critique." Critical Times 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-7708347.
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Abstract This article focuses on the discussion of general conscription in Walter Benjamin's 1921 essay “Toward the Critique of Violence.” In the essay, Benjamin presents conscription or compulsory military service alongside his discussions of police violence and capital punishment, and as one manifestation of legal violence in which law-preserving and law-positing forms of violence coincide and mix. This article proposes that Benjamin's discussion of conscription should be read as a formal model for understanding how legal subjectification in the modern state works more generally, and how it circumscribes critique. This reading is offered through a series of snapshots of various veins and elements in Benjamin's essay, while also connecting this interpretation to the work of a number of contemporary scholars of colonialism, namely Talal Asad, David Scott, and Samera Esmeir, who all invoke conscription as a particularly powerful metaphor for modern law's tendency to colonize critique.
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Pethrus, Carl-Martin, Kari Johansson, Kristian Neovius, Johan Reutfors, Johan Sundström, and Martin Neovius. "Suicide and all-cause mortality in Swedish deployed military veterans: a population-based matched cohort study." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e014034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014034.
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ObjectiveTo investigate suicide and mortality risk in deployed military veterans versus non-deployed comparators who had gone through military conscription testing.DesignPopulation-based matched cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsParticipants were identified from the Military Service Conscription Register and deployment status from the Swedish Military Information Personnel Register. Of 1.9 million conscripts, 21 721 had deployed at some time between 1990 and 2013 (deployed military veterans). Non-deployed comparators were matched to deployed military veterans in two ways: (1) by cognitive ability, psychological assessment, mental health, body mass index, sex, birth-year and conscription-year (carefully matched), with further adjustment for exercise capacity and suicide attempt history; and (2) by sex, birth-year and conscription-year (age- and sex-matched).Main outcomeSuicide retrieved from the Swedish National Patient and Causes of Death Register until 31 December 2013.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12 years, 39 and 211 deaths by suicide occurred in deployed military veterans (n=21 627) and carefully matched non-deployed comparators (n=107 284), respectively (15 vs 16/100 000 person-years; adjusted HR (aHR) 1.07; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.52; p=0.72) and 329 in age- and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (n=108 140; 25/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.59; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.82; p=0.002). There were 284 and 1444 deaths by suicide or attempted suicides in deployed military veterans and carefully matched non-deployed comparators, respectively (109 vs 112; aHR 0.99; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13; p=0.93) and 2061 in age- and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (158; aHR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.79; p<0.001). The corresponding figures for all-cause mortality for carefully matched non-deployed comparators were 159 and 820 (61 vs 63/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.15; p=0.71) and 1289 for age- and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (98/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.73; p<0.001).ConclusionDeployed military veterans had similar suicide and mortality risk as non-deployed comparators after accounting for psychological, psychiatric and physical factors. Studies of mental health in deployed veterans need to adjust for more factors than age and sex for comparisons to be meaningful.
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Denda, Dalibor. "Universal conscription in the Kingdom of Serbia." Vojno-istorijski glasnik, no. 1 (2024): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vig2401029d.
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Universal conscription and compulsory military service was implemented in Serbia in 1883. This move was drowned relatively earlier then in the most of European countries and transformed from scared, undisciplined and inadequately skilled Serbian national militia's soldier from Serbian - Ottoman wars (1876 - 1878) to a disciplined, stubborn and very skilled warrior in the wars Serbia fought between 1912 and 1918. Thanks to universal conscription service, until the first decade of 20th century Serbian soldier become very valuable tool in the hands of carefully selected and highly educated and trained officers, for implementation of national goals. Although the regular compulsory military service period was two years long most of the Serbian conscripts spent in the barracks only five or eight months. During this shorter period of service, Serbian soldier went to training up to the battalion's level. Becoming the reservists, Serbian soldiers were regularly called up every year for up to 30 days of additional military training. This kind of training was performed on the regimental and combined exercise level. That was the way to train most of the conscripts adequately without keeping them for a long time in the barracks. In 1893, after the whole first "call up" soldiers (i.e. those in the ages between 21 and 31) went through the basic military training, Serbian General Staff started to implement regularly large scale combined maneuvers on the division and corps level. The achievements of the process were very impressive. With the population of 2.922.058 inhabitants in 1910, on the basis of standing force consisting of 2.349 officers and 29.206 NCO's and common soldiers, Serbia was able to mobilize war army comprised 10 infantry and one cavalry divisions with 286.818 men within field army, 55.580 men of territorial army organized in 60 3rd "call up" battalions and 3.310 men of so called "Final defense". Until the first Balkan war broke up in 1912, three "call up's" included soldiers born between 1867 and 1891, that all went through short time compulsory military service within standing army. Thanks to carefully carried out compulsory military service and positive selection of commanding officers and NCO's, Serbian army performed successfully during the wars waged between 1912 and 1918.
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Cohn, Lindsay P., and Nathan W. Toronto. "Markets and Manpower." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 436–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x16667086.
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Economic studies of military manpower systems emphasize the advantages of voluntarism under all but the most total threats, but this explains neither the persistence of institutionalized conscription in many states nor the timing of shifts from such conscription systems to volunteer militaries. Traditional explanations focus on external threat levels, but this has also proven unsatisfying. We theorize that threat variables establish the state’s baseline need for manpower, but structural economic variables determine whether the necessary manpower can be more efficiently obtained by conscription or voluntarism. Using a new data set of 99 countries over 40 years, we find that states with British origins are less likely and those experiencing greater external threat are more likely to employ conscripts. Most importantly, states with more highly regulated labor markets are more likely to employ conscripts, which suggests that, controlling for a number of relevant factors, labor markets matter in military manpower decisions.
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Greene, Kenneth V., and Erol Balkan. "Military Conscription, Efficient Policies, and Transfers from the Politically Weak." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 14, no. 2 (October 1, 1996): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907540336.
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Abstract Questo scritto mette a confronto differenti teorie economiche sull’arruolamento militare obbligatorio, sottoponendole successivamente a verifica empirica.Si è sostenuto che, poiché il costo del servizio militare è concentrato su una ristretta base sociale, la maggioranza sarebbe pronta a votare contro la sua eliminazione.Il contro-argomento è stato che, poiché l’arruolamento obbligatorio è inefficiente, sarebbe invece conveniente eliminarlo. Infatti, con una forte domanda di lavoro e in assenza di guerre si dovrebbe fare minore ricorso all’arruolamento.Malgrado la varietà delle situazioni concrete, appare che i sistemi democratici sono quelli che maggiormente ricorrono all’arruolamento.Il problema è quello del confronto tra i costi di efficienza dell’arruolamento e quelli dovuti alle distorsioni prodotte dalle imposte che dovrebbero altrimenti essere prelevate per far fronte alle spese militari.
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Akmal, Yakubov. "Patriotic Education Of Youth In The Pre-Conscription Stage Of Preparation For Military Service." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 24, 2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-20.
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This article examines the patriotic education of youth in the pre-conscription stage of preparation for military service. Since it is the youth that is the link through which the continuity of generations is practically realized, the accumulation of production experience and the intellectual potential of society takes place.
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Vostrikov, I. V. "The Formation of the Hoplite Militia in Athens." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 165, no. 1-2 (October 24, 2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2023.1-2.19-31.
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This article considers how the draft to the Athenian hoplite army was organized in the 5th–4th centuries B.C. The available historical sources do not describe the conscription system for hoplites until the 5th century B.C., so its functioning in the archaic period remains unknown. Interestingly, the conscription of hoplites was generally determined by the structure of the civilian part of Athenian society. It could have appeared with the introduction of the phalanx in Athens under Solon and finally took shape after the reforms of Cleisthenes. Over time, this original conscription system underwent major changes: at first, it was based on the conscription lists compiled by each phyle, i.e., the lists of citizens who were to be drafted for a particular campaign; later, the conscription was held by the eponyms, i.e., only citizens of certain age groups were drafted for service. The results obtained show that the new system must have been introduced between 386 and 366 B.C. The conclusion is made that the old conscription system was changed to improve the military structure of the polis.
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Baimuratov, K., T. Daminov, A. Atabaev, and Zh Abdullaeva. "General Conclusions and Results of Scientific Research Work on Combining Means of Pre-recruitment and Physical Training of Youth for Military Service in the Armed Forces." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/73/47.
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Research relevance: in pedagogical science in the use of the concepts of Interdisciplinary Communication (IDC), interdisciplinary integration, interdisciplinary learning and the vitality of the indicated pedagogical phenomena, there is still no single approach to solving scientific and pedagogical problems in ensuring the unity of means of pre-conscription and physical training of young people for military service in the armed forces of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research objectives: general school subjects were selected and highlighted: physical culture and pre-conscription training of youth, which are an integral part of the general culture of schoolchildren, forms, means and methods of comprehensive improvement of student youth, their skills to perform various educational, labor and defense actions. Research materials and methods: this article draws conclusions on each chapter in the research work ensuring unity of pre-conscription and young people physical training for military service in the armed forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, where scientific and pedagogical problems of the implementation of intersubject communications, experimental prerequisites for the integrity of the means, and the influence of experimental methods are revealed on the preparedness of students. Research results: in connection with the improvement of technology, science, digitalization, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic (Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic), issues related to pre-conscription physical training of pre-conscription youth are acquiring especially important political, economic and ideological significance. Conclusions: the research methods used reliably agree with the set goals, objectives, ensure full compliance with the studied questions about the unity of the means of pre-conscription and physical training of high school students in educational cognition.
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Prokofieva, Viktoriya A., and Artyom S. Chichkin. "THE USE OF PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSING ETHNIC TOLERANCE OF SERVICEMEN OF THE NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Научное мнение, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2023_10_120.
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The article presents the results of the study on ethnic tolerance of military personnel undergoing military conscription service in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. The authors analyse the possibilities of projective diagnostics in the study of the system of interethnic relations in a multinational team of a military unit.
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Kelley, Liam C. "Taxation and Military Conscription in Early Modern Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 15, no. 2 (2020): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2020.15.2.1.
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This paper examines an institution called Review and Selection, which facilitated the tasks of tax collection and military conscription in early modern Vietnam. Through a comparative examination of this institution’s history in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Lê/Trịnh realm of Đàng Ngoài in the north and the Nguyễn domain of Đàng Trong in the south, this paper challenges ideas in extant English-language scholarship that claim that Đàng Trong was less bureaucratic, less Confucian, and more militarized than that of the Lê north. In the process, it offers some new characterizations of early modern Vietnam.
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Hjalmarsson, Randi, and Matthew J. Lindquist. "The Causal Effect of Military Conscription on Crime*." Economic Journal 129, no. 622 (May 16, 2019): 2522–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez014.
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Abstract We study the causal effect of mandatory military conscription in Sweden on the criminal behaviour of men born in the 1970s. We find that military service significantly increases post-service crime (overall and across multiple crime categories) between the ages of 23 and 30. These results are driven primarily by young men who come from low socioeconomic status households and those with pre-service criminal histories, despite evidence of a contemporaneous incapacitation effect of service for the latter group. Much of this crime-inducing effect can be attributed to negative peer effects experienced during service. Worse post-service labour market outcomes may also matter.
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Matallana-Villarreal, Jairo. "Conscription or constriction: Military policing of urban youth." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 3 (June 2020): 453–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775819862579.
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Policing—order-making practices to discipline society and tackle crime—goes beyond the typical work of constabulary forces. There is a plurality of policing actors, rationales, and interests within a larger security assemblage, and multiple configurations of those elements according to specific contexts. This paper presents the phenomenon of batidas militares—military raids with the purpose of enforced conscription—carried out by the Colombian army as an informal policing practice. Through a combination of spatial analysis and fieldwork, including interviews with policing operators and young people involved in documented cases, I explain how the systematic execution of batidas created invisible, yet identifiable, urban borders, and how batidas operated as complementary preemptive security devices imposing a militarist order on the city.
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Anderson, Gary M., Dennis Halcoussis, and Robert D. Tollison. "Drafting the competition: Labor unions and military conscription." Defence and Peace Economics 7, no. 3 (July 1996): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719608404852.
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Di Pietro, Giorgio. "Military conscription and university enrolment: evidence from Italy." Journal of Population Economics 26, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 619–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0407-y.
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Peçe, Uğur Z. "The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan's Army, 1908–1912." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000392.
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AbstractWith the reinstatement of the parliament in 1908, the Ottoman state faced new challenges connected to citizenship. As a policy to finally make citizens equal in rights as well as duties, military conscription figured prominently in this new context. For the first time in Ottoman history, the empire's non-Muslims began to be drafted en masse. This article explores meanings of imperial citizenship and equality through the lens of debates over the conscription of Greek Ottomans, the largest non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the widespread suggestion of the Turkish nationalist historiography on these matters, Greek Ottomans and other non-Muslim populations enthusiastically supported the military service in principle. But amidst this general agreement was a tremendous array of views on what conscription ought to look like in practice. The issue came to center on whether Greek Ottomans should have separate battalions in the army. All units would eventually come to be religiously integrated, but the conscription debates in the Ottoman parliament as well as in the Turkish and Greek language press reveal some of the crucial fissures of an empire as various actors were attempting to navigate between a unified citizenship and a diverse population.
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Vovk, Oleksandr. "THE LITHUANIAN STATUTE OF 1529 AS A MONUMENT OF THE MILITARY LAW OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 123 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2022/4.123-4.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is the historical and legal definition of the Lithuanian Statute of 1529 as a legal monument of the military law of Ukraine and the definition of the influence of its norms on the development of military affairs. The article is based on worldview, general scientific, special and specifically scientific methods of knowledge (synthesis and analysis, comparative-legal, logical-historical, structural), of which the quintessence of the entire work is the historical-legal method, that reveals the content of the norms of domestic military law of the 16th century. The procedure of enforcement of the Lithuanian statute of 1529 has been studied. The latter included the norms of public military law that were in force in Ukrainian territories. The legal reason for streamlining the military case was the uncertainty of the legal status of the people's militia. It has been established that the military regulations of the Lithuanian Statute of 1529 established the three most important provisions of military service during the period of declaration of martial law, namely: 1) the procedure for conscription of persons for military service during mobilization; 2) the procedure for demobilization from military service; 3) responsibility for violation of legal norms on military duty and military service. With regard to the first provision, according to the introduction of the Second Section "On Zemstvo Défense" and articles 1 – 6 and 9, in the modern understanding, mobilization with conscription took place only on the basis of a resolution of the Zemstvo. Owners of estates were subject to conscription for military service during the war ("to serve the war"), because the estate itself was a guarantee of conscientious implementation of military rules. For the first time in the constitutional order, the age of majority for military service was determined from the age of seventeen. A positive point was the clearly defined period of validity of the provisions of military law – ten years. The order of demobilization in the modern sense was defined in 7, 8, 10 articles, according to which only the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the Ladies' Council could release servicemen from the armed forces. Liability for violation of established norms on military duty and military service was divided into material and criminal. Material punishments included the forced confiscation of estates in favour of the state, and the criminal punishment was mainly the death penalty. It was determined that the Lithuanian Statute of 1529 as a monument of military law contained: 1) the basic principles of the formation of military law; 2) the norms of military law directly; 3) norms – guarantees of the rights of subjects during military service. It was concluded that the Lithuanian Statute of 1529, as a legal monument of Ukraine of the Middle Ages, concentrated in itself important norms, which were definitely the means of legal regulation of social relations in the military sphere of Ukrainian lands during the first half of the 16th century with the aim of improving military affairs. According to the provisions of this systematized collection of legislation, the organization of conscription for military service and the procedure for its completion were regulated.