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Journal articles on the topic 'Military equipment and supplies'
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1
Bilous, M. V., O. P. Shmatenko, O. A. Ryzhov, V. V. Trokhymchuk, О. V. Galan, and D. V. Drozdov. "Conceptual aspects of management of the distribution of medical supplies from the position of military pharmaceutical logistics." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.3.19.01.
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One of the main directions of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is medical support which is aimed at life safeguard and health of military personnel, well-timed and efficient provision of medical care in the event of injuries, injuries and diseases, fast renewal of combat power and ability to work in different conditions of its handling and at different period of time. The readiness of medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to the medical support of the troops depends on the well-timed organization of medical supplies and the refilling of medical supplies full and complete. The qualitative and efficient allocation of medical equipment and medical supplies is a determining factor in this process.
The aim of the work – reasoning of the irregularity of distribution logistics in the unified logistic system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the study of the main aspects of management of the distribution of medical supplies from the position of military pharmaceutical logistics.
To get the purpose of the research, the analysis of domestic scientific sources and the current normative and legal base of Ukraine have been carried out. Research methods are: information search, comparison, systemization, semantic analysis, synthesis and modeling.
In the conditions of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense forces of Ukraine, the logistic function of the distribution of logistical equipment, inventory, military equipment and services (food, bath and laundry services, etc.) should ensure the activity of troops (forces) in peacetime and war time. It is the guarantee of the ability to ensure the defense of the state and appropriate response to military threats to the national security of Ukraine, efficiently using available potential and resources. Distribution logistics from the position of military pharmaceutical logistics is the management of all functional subsystems of the medical supplies and health services of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in order to optimize the distribution of the material flow (purchased medical supplies) from the supplier to the final consumer (according to the applications of the Military Medical Clinical Centers of the Regions).
Same, distributive logistics in the structure of a unified logistic support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine does not carry a commercial component, and its functions consist in planning, organization of distribution, control and regulation of the logistic process of distribution of material and technical means (including medical equipment and supplies), inventory, military equipment, services (catering, bath and laundry service, etc.). According to the authors, the term «marketing logistics» is not possible to use as a single system of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and in its subsystems. To sum it up, it was suggested to use the term «distributive logistics». On the basis of theoretical generalization of the data of scientific literature and normative legal acts, the main aspects of management of the distribution of medical equipment and supplies from the standpoint of military pharmaceutical logistics are studied. The functions of distributive logistics are defined, the model of the current logistic chain of distribution of medical equipment and supplies in the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is constructed. It is noted that in order to ensure the qualitative and efficient distribution of medical equipment and supplies, a regulatory and legal framework which regulates the division of powers between institutions and units of medical supplies and defines the responsibility for their implementation in the current conditions of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
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Sun, Yang, Xin Wang, Ke Peng Zhang, and Xiao Tang. "Study on Supplies Loading of Equipment Support Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2089.
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This paper mathematically described the supplies loading problem of military equipment support dispatching force. Through taking all supplies average loading as the objective function, taking the same kind of supplies group loading, no overweight and overcapacity, no-repeated loading and packing as constraint conditions, optimization model was put forward. And the effectiveness of the model was validated by the example computation.
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Sullivan, Francis M., Gary Kleinman, Selim Suner, and Jack St.Jean. "Development of an Equipment and Supply List for Emergency Medical Services Delivery at an Annual Air Show." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027369.
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AbstractIntroduction:Reports of medical care at mass gatherings reflect variability in mission and delivery models. Equipment recommendations are similarly varied. Thoughtful pre-planning and experience-based analysis are the best mechanisms for defining general and specific equipment recommendations.Objective:This report presents a suggested supply and equipment list developed over a six-year period of medical coverage at an air show, with an emphasis on the usage and cost of expendable supplies.Methods:The authors were involved in the planning for and execution of emergency medical care for a large, local, military air show on an annual basis, including provision of expendable medical supplies. A list of such supplies was developed over the initial two to three years, formalized and refined over the subsequent two years, and analyzed in the final, highest patient volume year of coverage. Detailed usage and cost was tracked over the final year for expendable supplies.Results:The results of this analysis indicate that comprehensive emergency medical care from first aid to mass casualty care can be offered at reasonable equipment and supply costs, if existing equipment resources can be supplemented by expendable supplies from a pre-determined list. Given the need for large quantities of supplies for a mass casualty contingency and the low likelihood of occurrence, a loan arrangement with a supplier, with return of unused supplies, is particularly convenient and economical. The approach used in this study should be appreciable in other similar settings. In concurrent scheduled events, the iterative process described can lead to greater specificity of needs for expendable supplies.
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Alexejev, Gueorgui. "Military-Civilian Collaboration for Disaster Medicine in the USSR (Discussion Comment)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032623.
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The efficiency of EMS, especially resuscitation of the severely wounded, depends upon speed and skills. This requires well-organized military-civilian collaboration, as shown during recent earthquakes in Ashkhabad and Tashkent. Reasons include the great mobility of military medical units, including field hospitals; communication facilities; specialized means of transportation; readiness of equipment and supplies; as well as skillled military medical personnel.
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Nawrotek, Jarosław. "MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 153, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2703.
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Defence industry may be defined as a system of factories and organisations developing, manufacturing and selling military equipment, weapons and ammunition. In the case of the Russian Federation the terminology of “defence industry” and “military industry” is often used as an equivalent to the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC). The Military-Industrial Complex is a segment of the state industry involved in manufacture of the military equipment and performance of research-development projects in the defence sector. Typical feature of the Military-Industrial Complex is that the state is always its customer. Level of development for the Russian MIC plays a crucial role for maintaining the safety of the state and beside the supplies for the army it is responsible in a great degree for technical equipment of main segments of economy (medicine, transport, education, fuelenergetic complex, etc.). The governing board of the MIC in-cludes 18 persons led by the President of Russian Federation - Vladimir Putin.
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Honcharuk, A., V. Oleniev, V. Shlapak, V. Didyk, and N. Oleniev. "THE DETERMINATION OF THE PROSPECTIVE COMPOSITION OF THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AS A PART OF COMBAT EQUIPMENT COMPLEXES OF SERVICEMENOF MILITARY RECONNAISSAHCE UNITS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.46-54.
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In a certain perspective, the development of military equipment of military personnel should be aimed at equipping the military units with modern models of small arms that meet the world standards in terms of aiming, range and accuracy of shooting, armor-piercing, ammunition, energy supply, weight indicators etc. The priorities of logistical support are determined by: equipping the personnel with modern combat equipment complexes, which will consist of field uniforms at the level of the best world samples and personal protective equipment, night vision devices, navigation and communication equipment (with the necessary level of energy supply, energy security, security); search for new materials and technologies for the protection of manpower, terrestrial and aerial vehicles (composite nanostructured masking coatings with high thermal conductivity to reduce the likelihood of detection in the infrared spectrum by means of observation, detection, recognition) etc. The Individual Equipment Set of Personnel (IESP) remains one of the most important components that contributes to improving combat effectiveness and reducing personnel losses when performing combat missions. At the present stage of IESP development, priority is given to the creation of advanced systems of defeat, control and communication, protection, life support and energy supply, as well as increased soldier maneuverability in combat at the turn of 2020. A generalized analysis of the main tasks of creating a combat equipment complex (CEC) for the serviceman of the Armed Forces of Ukraine makes it possible to state that the fulfillment of all the intended goals and tasks should be ensured and accompanied by a highly effective system of scientific research and scientific support of the state programs of development of all systems and elements of the CEC. The power supply system and its components (chargers, power supplies, power converters and transmitters, means of controlling the system components) are one of the most important components of equipment. The most important stage of substantiation of the perspective composition of the energy supply system (chargers, power sources, means of transformation and transmission of electricity, means of controlling the performance of system components) in the complexes of combat equipment of military intelligence units is a complex assessment of the contribution to the effectiveness of combat based on mathematical modeling of fighting. According to the basic principles of the system approach, when developing requirements for individual subsystems, it is necessary to proceed from the basic purpose of the whole system as a whole, expressed in terms of its efficiency. This approach to the study of the energy supply system (chargers, power supplies, means of transformation and transmission of power, means of monitoring the performance of system components) in the complexes of military equipment of military intelligence units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine allows to choose rational option from the many options and direct the priority direction of upgrading of power supply system (chargers, power supplies, means of conversion and transmission of electricity, means of controlling work system components) in the complexes of military equipment of military personnel.
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Aydın, Abdurrahim, and Tuncay Zorlu. "Transfer of German Military Know-How and Technology to the Ottoman Military Factories at the beginning of the First World War." Belleten 79, no. 285 (August 1, 2015): 739–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.739.
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Supply of military weapons, equipment, spare parts and ammunition had always been of a crucial importance for the Ottoman Empire. This issue came to be a part of an international diplomacy from 19th century onwards when the Ottoman governments were forced into a position to choose allies from European Powers who were in rivalry in providing military materials. Many companies from France, England and Germany competed with each other in order to have the greatest share from the military supplies market in the Ottoman Empire. Such German companies as Krupp, and Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinefabrik in Düsseldorf; French company Sxneider/Le Creusot; and British Armstrong/Vickers Company were among them. However, German weapon companies stood out in meeting the needs of the Ottoman military. In the reign of Abdulhamid II, the German company of Krupp came forward in selling artillery weapons in particular after the 1880's, and turned out to be the dominant power in the end of the century, while the other German companies dealt in the various other military materials such as rifles, ammunitions, spare parts, wagons, factory workbenches. Levazımat-ı Umumiye Dairesi (General Supplies Department) which functioned as attached to the Harbiye Nezareti (Ministry of War) during the early years of the 20th century was in charge of the supply and distribution of primary materials which were necessary for the provisioning of the army. This department was not only involved in the provisioning and equipment of the army during the WWI, but played an important role in procuring the technical equipment for the setting up and development of military factories as well as establishing connections and cooperation with Germany to this end, through its branches. It is possible to reach many correspondences about these cases in ATESE Archives which is attached to the General Staff. This study aims to provide some examples concerning the activities of the above-mentioned department and military factories and procuring the wartime equipment in particular, based on the primary sources.
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McManus, William F. "Burn Mass Casualty Management: Lessons Learned." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044241.
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Successful management of a mass casualty situation involving 45 injured marines following a fire in Japan demonstrates the important principles of triage, patient movement, quality patient care, logistics, communication and medical direction.Following the accident, the US Army Institute of Surgical Research assembled a burn team consisting of three surgeons, three nurses, one microbiologist and eleven clinical specialists (three of whom were inhalation therapy technicians) and the equipment and supplies necessary to treat and transport these patients. The US Air Force Military Airlift Command transported the team and equipment to Japan in a C–141 Starlifter Medevac plane and pre-positioned a second C–141 in Japan for the return flight. Additional ventilators and supplies were mobilized from Japan, Okinawa, the Philippines and Alaska.
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Gazda, Andrzej, and Tadeusz Olejarz. "NATO Logistics System – Example of the Polish Armed Forces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 708 (December 2014): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.708.26.
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Logistics support is essential for armed forces in terms of successful accomplishment of tasks. It is a process which consists in providing supplies, which include armament and military equipment as well as combat and material assets The article presents the general principles of NATO logistics, basic terms and definitions, logistic support issues and logistic systems in the Polish Armed Forces.
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Belikov, V., S. Kovalishyn, and L. Papusha. "TRANSPORT PLATFORMS OF MODERN LAND-MOBILE ROBOTS FOR CLANDESTINE CONDUCT OF BATTLE OPERATIONS AND TRANSPORTATION OF LOADS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 11 (December 27, 2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.11.79-84.
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The current level of development of robotic systems of armaments, military and special equipment is characterized by an accelerated transition to their construction on a modular basis. Due to this relatively small nomenclature of initial blocks-modules of lower levels can provide a large variety of the type of land-mobile robotic complexes of specialized functionality. There is an opportunity to quickly adapt the necessary robotic military equipment to specific combat conditions, which guarantees the reliable performance of the assigned combat missions. It is proposed to equip the transport platforms for robotic systems of armament, military and special technics by electromechanical engines on the basis of autonomous drive modules with driven forced electric motors on the basis of rare-earth neodymium permanent magnets. At the same time, record high performance transshipment capacity is achieved, which dramatically increases the ability to overcome difficult road impediments. The article deals with the design features of modular transport platforms for modern robotized weapons, military and special equipment systems, which are conditioned by the need for reliable delivery of weapons, ammunition, equipment, foodstuffs and medical supplies to the personnel on the line of contact with the enemy in difficult geoclimatic conditions. It is shown that the necessary quality of realization of the assigned of combat tasks is ensured by the application of the installation on the platforms of autonomous electromechanical drives of driving wheels.
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Herbert, Samuel, Christine Krueger, Vikram Mittal, and Gene Lesinski. "Improving the Efficiency of Military Vehicle Outload and Deployment." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2019v7i2.pp76-84.
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The United States military must maintain the ability to rapidly deploy, world-wide, under severe time constraints. As a result, units and organizations have developed standardized, documented processes and procedures to quickly deploy personnel, equipment, and supplies. This research examines a typical military vehicle outload process, models the process with a discrete-event simulation, and identifies opportunities to increase process efficiency. The recommended improvements are incorporated within the simulation to identify the impacts of the changes. Model analysis reveals that an increase in a critical resource (i.e. vehicle inspection teams) can significantly reduce the time required to process a 350-vehicle fleet. Additionally, automating the hazardous material (HAZMAT) documentation and vehicle weight and center of balance computations resulted in time savings, although less significant. It is possible to implement these two automated activities across all installations, further improving deployment operations. With only minor modifications, the presented model can be adjusted to replicate other installation deployment processes and can have significant impacts on how the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force deploy equipment.
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Nikou, Christodoulos, and Socrates J. Moschuris. "An integrated approach for supplier selection in military critical application items." Journal of Public Procurement 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-16-01-2016-b004.
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Supplier selection for defence procurement is a crucial function of a Ministry of Defence. The Ministry spends huge amounts of money each year to procure a vast array of equipment, goods and services. The ongoing financial crisis demands less subjective and more cost-saving methods for selecting a supplier. The approach advocated in this article integrates Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Goal Programming (GP) in order to combine conflicting criteria to select the best suppliers and allocate optimum order quantities among them. This paper presents a model close to real-world situations. Findings demonstrate that cost savings is a feasible result along with a viable combination of conflicting criteria in the suppliers' selection area.
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Sahni, Varun. "Not Quite British: A Study of External Influences on the Argentine Navy." Journal of Latin American Studies 25, no. 3 (October 1993): 489–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00006647.
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Political studies of military institutions in Latin America have tended to lay heavy stress on their external linkages, with a good deal of emphasis being placed upon the ‘differential degrees of dependence upon other countries for supplies, parts, training and equipment by the various service branches’. This particularly the case when scholars attempt to explain why two military institutions differ in their political behaviour and ideological orientation. Thus, we find Lieuwen asserting that[t]he aristocratic tendencies of [Latin American] naval officers… often were moderated by the democratic views of the British and United States officers who were their professional advisers. Conversely, before World War II, authoritarian attitudes of some Latin American armies were reinforced by the influence of German, Spanish, and Italian military missions.
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Howard, Matt, J. Bakker-Dyos, L. Gallagher, J. P. O’Hara, D. Woods, and A. Mellor. "Power supplies and equipment for military field research: lessons from the British Service Dhaulagiri Research Expedition 2016." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000767.
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IntroductionThe British Service Dhaulagiri Research Expedition (BSDMRE) took place from 27 March to 31 May 2016. The expedition involved 129 personnel, with voluntary participation in nine different study protocols. Studies were conducted in three research camps established at 3600, 4600 and 5140 m and involved taking and storing blood samples, cardiac echocardiography and investigations involving a balance plate. Research in this remote environment requires careful planning in order to provide a robust and resilient power plan. In this paper we aim to report the rationale for the choices we made in terms of power supply, the equipment used and potential military applicability.MethodsThis is a descriptive account from the expedition members involved in planning and conducting the medical research.ResultsPower calculations were used to determine estimates of requirement prior to the expedition. The primary sources used to generate power were internal combustion engine (via petrol fuelled electric generators) and solar panels. Having been generated, power was stored using lithium-ion batteries. Special consideration was given to the storage of samples taken in the field, for which electric freezers and dry shippers were used. All equipment used functioned well during the expedition, with the challenges of altitude, temperature and transport all overcome due to extensive prior planning.ConclusionsPower was successfully generated, stored and delivered during the BSDMRE, allowing extensive medical research to be undertaken. The challenges faced and overcome are directly applicable to delivering military medical care in austere environments, and lessons learnt can help with the planning and delivery of future operations, training exercises or expeditions.
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Paris, Bradley E., M. John Vickerman, and Carl Seiberlich. "Sealift Overhead Rapid Delivery System Concept." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1620, no. 1 (January 1998): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1620-07.
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The logistics support of any military operation demands rapid and continuous delivery of equipment, munitions, and supplies. A small portion of this cargo is delivered by air, but the majority arrives by sea. Many of the sealift vessels currently used by the military are non-self-sustaining containerships and roll-on/roll-off vessels. The use of such vessels can encounter serious obstacles when the necessary cargo-handling equipment and facilities are either damaged or not present. This problem is further compounded in sea states of three [wave height of 1.5 to 3.6 m (5 to 12 ft)] and higher. The system presented outlines a cost-sensitive solution to the problem described above. The Sealift Overhead Rapid Delivery System (SORDS) represents a viable concept worthy of further study because it uses existing technologies and approaches the problem from a systems perspective. In addition, SORDS could be incorporated into the Department of Defense’s Rapid Deployment Concept or Maritime Prepositioning Force.
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Golshan, Shahin. "Military Integrated Circuits Screening Report (Summary) ESSEH Parts Committee." Journal of the IEST 32, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.32.3.8800m813h5171226.
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Electronic parts suppliers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and government agencies have reported divergent perceptions of military integrated circuit quality. In 1986 the Environmental Stress Screening of Electronic Hardware (ESSEH) Parts Committee was formed. This committee accepted the task of identifying the underlying problems related to these perceptions. This report presents the strategy and a pilot implementation, as well as development of a standard for exchange of quality data. It includes specific rescreening data and analysis of correlation issues. The report shows that most components are defect free, and that supplier/OEM teams can systematically resolve correlation and quality issues.
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Chen, Ping, Jia Xing Du, Yu Cai Dong, Jing Xia, and Lei Gong. "The Selection of Military Equipment Supplier Based on Projection Pursuit Method." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1632.
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The selection of military equipment supplier is a very complex process. In this paper, based on projection pursuit classification method (PPC), we give the best projection direction and weight coefficients of each evaluation index, the sort of evaluation of each supplier, and consequently, we obtain the selection scheme of supplier. The method has strong objectivity, which provides scientific basis for correct decision.
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Higgins, D. M. "(A41) Perceptions of Military Medical Disaster Training." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000537.
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BackgoundTo be effective, disaster preparedness training should continually meet the needs of the trainees. Most military medical personnel undergo training focused on practicing in austere environments with little support. However, while located at their home station, disaster response is conducted in a different manner due to staffing and available resources. This survey attempts to identify areas of the military medical disaster response staff are most concerned with in order to better formulate future training for home station as well as contingency operations, ultimately increasing confidence and effectiveness.MethodsAn online survey service was utilized to anonymously poll 106 military medical personnel assigned to a joint Level 1 trauma center in Iraq using 38 forced Likert-scale questions. The training issue of most concern for both arenas is the patient surge. Military-civilian collaboration was a key point regarding the home station setting and supplies/equipment for the deployed setting.ResultsEighty-nine percent of responders rated disaster training as moderate to very important. However, there was a low perception of disaster exercises conducted in the manner of a real-world event. This was attributed to unrealistic participation and training methods. Computer-based training (CBT) was identified as an ineffective method of training; hands-on instruction clearly identified as the preferred method. Participants rated considerable confidence in Level C personal protective equipment, and the majority surveyed would report for duty despite exposure risk.ConclusionCurrent training methods may not optimally produce disaster response effectiveness. Management of the patient surge was a repeating training concern for both home and deployed settings. Future training efforts should focus on military-civilian collaboration for the home station, and management of the patient surge for both arenas.
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Yang, Xiao Song, Zhi Ping Gong, Shuo Wang, and Bao Cheng Ding. "Researches on Support Capacity Building of Military Transportation on Basis of Multimodal Transport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1547.
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As bridges and ties that interlink the system elements in modern military logistics, military transportation directly determines the orientation, flow rate and throughput of military supplies. The application of multimodal transport in military transportation will significantly improve the transportation performance, optimize the transportation structure and promote the reasonableness and cost efficiency in transportation. This paper carries out a SWOT(Superiority Weakness Opportunity Threats) analysis on development of multimodal transport in Chinese military transportation, builds the information flow and supply management mode for multimodal transport in military transportation, and proposes the requirements by multimodal transport on support capacity of transportation equipments.
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Miroshnichenko, Yu V., S. V. Dolgih, E. O. Rodionov, and A. A. Kirsanova. "Modernization of the medical property rationing system for health resort organization Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma62819.
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In recent years, the leadership of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation has carried out a number of measures to modernize the health resort facilities in the countrys military health resorts. During their implementation, health resort organizations were significantly reconstructed, acquired a new organizational and staff structure, and advanced medical technologies were introduced into their work. These changes have led to the need to modernize the system for providing medicines and medical products to sanatorium organizations of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation. The modernization was carried out in the course of several scientific studies in 20182019. It is based on the approaches to sanatorium-resort provision, medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation that have been formed recently. In its development, an integrated approach was used, based on the principles of project management, taking into account the features of each military health resort in modern socio-economic conditions. A detailed analysis of the factors affecting the functioning of the military health resorts and structural-logical grouping of tasks, allowing the model normalization to form a system of rationing medical property of the sanatorium-resort organizations of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation. The result is an optimal structure of the rates of supply of medical supplies to military resorts, which allows us to match organizational structure and needs for different types of medical (pharmaceutical) activity. For the first time, the structure of norms for the supply of medical equipment to health resort organizations provides for norms for the supply of medicines for medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation. Describes the new supply of medical equipment, reveals their features and application procedure. The first results of the introduction of a new system of rationing medical equipment in the practical activities of military health care are presented.
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Roup, BJ. "Factors associated with compliance of critical care nurses with universal precautions: a pilot study." American Journal of Critical Care 6, no. 3 (May 1, 1997): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1997.6.3.218.
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BACKGROUND: Universal precautions for all healthcare workers have been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and were mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 1991. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine compliance with universal precautions by direct observation and by self-reporting questionnaire in a random sample of critical care nurses, a group with a high daily index of exposure to blood and body fluids. Additionally, knowledge, attitudes, and supply and equipment variables that might affect the rate of compliance were examined. METHODS: Data were collected on a random sample of 25 nurses in two critical care units in a military medical center. The same sample of nurses was then asked to complete an 85-item questionnaire that produced a score for knowledge of universal precautions, attitudes toward universal precautions, and the nurses' opinions of the supplies and equipment. RESULTS: The overall observed compliance score for all nurses was 67%, with a range of 25% to 100%. The observed compliance rates showed no statistically significant correlations with knowledge of universal precautions, attitudes toward universal precautions, or the quality, fit, availability, or accessibility of supplies and equipment. Power analyses showed that the sample size was too small to reveal significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: A larger sample size might show that these factors are indeed associated with use of universal precautions.
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Yuste, Campbell, Canyon, Childers, and Ryan. "Synchronized Humanitarian, Military and Commercial Logistics: An Evolving Synergistic Partnership." Safety 5, no. 4 (October 5, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5040067.
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The increasing complexity and often transboundary scope of complex emergencies are exceeding the capacity of humanitarian logistics systems. The military plays a growing role in supplementing and even leading humanitarian assistance and disaster relief logistics. However, issues relating to military involvement such as sovereignty and cost have refocused the conversation onto capabilities and capacities of commercial logistics providers, who have not been fully engaged and integrated into disaster preparedness, response, and recovery activities. The commercial sector is part of the larger supply chain management system that includes contracting, procurement, storage, and transportation of food, water, medicine, and other supplies, as well as human resources, and necessary machinery and equipment. Military and commercial logistics share many of these elements and tasks daily. The most effective and efficient response combines key elements from humanitarian, military, and commercial logistics systems. Such trilateral cooperation represents the next step in an evolving partnership paradigm that is truly synergistic. We present a Synchronized Disaster Relief Model, as well as multiple examples of how military, commercial, and humanitarian supply chains each bring unique capabilities to disaster relief operations, and how these three supply chains can complement each other in a synergistic manner, through synchronized action.
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Tolok, I., and Ye Lienkov. "ALGORITHMS FOR MODELING PROCESS SPENDING AND REPLENISHMENT OF RESOURCE GROUPING TECHNOLOGY." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 64 (2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/64-07.
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This article explores the basic initial steps for constructing an enlarged structural diagram of an algorithm for modeling the processes of spending and replenishing resource of a grouping military objects in normative planning mode. The organizations responsible for operating the groupings have an important task of timely planning for repair of weapons and military equipment (WME) and military equipment and supplies to the grouping of new objects. Obviously, solution of such a problem is possible only on the basis of applying a mathematical model process of expenditure and replenishment of resource (PERR) of grouping objects, with which you can predict the composition and resource of the grouping, and taking into account the forecast obtained, find (calculate) optimal plans for replenishing its resource. The article shows the results of studies various groups in terms of elucidating patterns of the occurrence of PERR in them. To do this, using the model, various grouping options can be generated with the specified characteristics, as well as calculating the optimal plans for replenishing resource for a specific group of military equipment (user groups), save these plans in a database, and then make refinement calculations taking into account current changes in grouping. It is assumed that by the time this algorithm is launched, all the necessary data structures have already been created in random access memory of the personal computer, user has already selected an implementation option for the grouping for which simulation is performed. Also, the number of implementations of modeling process and coefficient specifying range of variation limit on the consumption of resource objects (in percent) are given. In each iteration, process of PERR objects the i-th type is simulated at a given forecast interval
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O'Brien, Kristine M., and Stephen M. Swartz. "A comparison of implementation issues and strategies for radio frequency identification technologies between the U.S. military and private sector organizations." Journal of Transportation Management 15, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1093996980.
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The purpose of this research was to study the implementation of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies used to track equipment and supplies. Current implementation issues and strategies for future use were collected from leading edge organizations from the military and private sector. A formal comparison found both similarities and differences between how industry and the Army are implementing and using RFID technologies in their supply chains and logistics networks. This article focuses on these similarities and differences, to include a gap between the Army and industry regarding RFID tag use and implementation, and a difference in the overall focus of how RFID tags are or plan to be used in both environments.
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Hill, Neil E. "Response to Howard et al. Power supplies and equipment for military field research: lessons from the British Service Dhaulagiri Research Expedition." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001013.
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Pokhilyuk, Anatoly V., Denis V. Shuvalov, and Maria A. Shuvalova. "HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ATTRACTING AND REORIENTING NON-MILITARY ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS OF THE USSR TO PRODUCE MILITARY PRODUCTS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2020-4-100-107.
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From the first days of military actions in the Great Patriotic war, all the activities of the Soviet troops required providing and further use of a large number of material resources: equipment, weapons, ammunition, food, etc. In conditions of an acute shortage of property for the defense purposes, many enterprises began to adjust to produce military products, thereby providing comprehensively the defensive measures in the initial period of the war, and later – successful advance of the Soviet troops. The article carries out the historical analysis of attracting and reorienting non-military enterprises and organizations of the USSR to produce military products during the Great Patriotic war. It gives numerous examples of civilian enterprises reorientation to produce weapons, ammunition, equipment, products, and medicines. Special emphasis is placed on restructuring the heavy industry as the main supplier of military equipment. The article reviews and analyzes the conditions under which efficient mass production was organized, which consists of a sequential performing operations that do not require a high qualification from the workers, but at this reduce the time for the production of an article due to fragmentation of processes. It is emphasized that reorientation of Soviet non-military enterprises and organizations of the USSR to produce military products took place in a very short time, which in principle did not affect the increase in the number of manufactured products. It is concluded that organization of large-scale weapons production at non-military enterprises of the country was achieved by upgrading the equipment, applying new production methods, improving technological schedules, close interaction of enterprises, and other measures. It is emphasized that historical experience convincingly proves that the military situation in a state, as a rule, affects not only military enterprises and organizations of the state, but civil ones as well. The authors put emphasis upon the heroic labor feat performed by the civilian population in the most difficult years for the country. The need for further study of the issue under consideration is actualized, including for the purpose of patriotic education of the younger generation.
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Kryvohuz, H. "THE FEATURES TO TAKE IN CONSIDERATION WHILE PLANNING THE EMPLOYMENTOF A MECHANIZED INFANTRY BATTALION AS A STABILIZATION FORCE UNIT." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.55-65.
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Based on the analysis of the provisions of regulatory documents and existing approaches to the planning of the service support to the elements of the mechanized infantry battalion under their participation in stabilization actions, problem questions were formulated and suggestions were made in order to create the stock of detergents to wash clothing items in the laundry department of the service support platoon; estimating possible losses in personal, weapons, military equipment and other materials, as well as taking into account specific conditions under which the assigned mission is to be accomplished. The main factors that influence the consumption of supplies and resources are determined taking in consideration the tasks the elements of the mechanized infantry battalion carry out under their participation in stabilization actions such as increasing the protection of the state border, defense of the state border, isolation of the crisis area, conducting anti-sabotage struggle, protection and defense of key installations and communications, providing safety of the avenues of approach, implementation of restricting activities; providing humanitarian aid. Specific measures are foreseen to create additional stocks of supplies within the combat units and on the vehicles of the service support platoon, regarding the tasks assigned to the elements of the mechanized infantry battalion and specific conditions for their implementation. The suggestion was made to use the experience of mechanized infantry units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations which participated inthe antiterrorist operation (operation of the joint forces) to planservice support considering the tasks performed by the elements of the mechanized infantry battalion which participated in stabilization actions.
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ZVEREV, D. V., and I. I. SAVELEV. "CURRENT RATIONALE ISSUES LABOR COSTS IN THE COST OF MILITARY PRODUCTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 5 (2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.03.010.
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Based on the experience of checking the validity of prices for military products supplied within the frame-work of the state defence order, problematic issues of rationing of labor costs have been identified. The im-perfection of the current regulatory framework in the field of substantiating the labor intensity of work is shown. Proposals for the standardization of labor at various stages of the life cycle of weapons, military and special equipment are reasoned.
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Masliy, Oleh, Ievgeniia Ivanchenko, Viacheslav Deriuhin, Viktor Olekhnovych, and Serhii Yaniuk. "Identification of Significant Components of Logistics Readiness of Future Officers of Army Support Units (Forces)." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 401–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.3/459.
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Logistics readiness is an essential characteristic of future officers of army support units (forces) as it is required for planning and organization of processes and events of people movement, vehicles, equipment and ammunition supplies to the battlefield and military formation redeployment in any position in the shortest term. The purpose of the article is to explain the structure of logistics readiness of future officers of army support units (forces) and to identify its significant components taking into consideration general logistics sustainability of future logistics officers. According to the research, logistics sustainability is the resultant complex consisting of basic qualities and abilities that are professionally important for military logistics sphere. Also, we have explained the implementation of organizational and pedagogical conditions for formation of integral competence of future officers of army support units (forces). To achieve the purpose, the following methods were used: theoretical methods (general scientific methods, partially scientific methods, methods of intersubject research, deductive and inductive methods, generalization of best foreign pedagogical practices, comparative analysis, combination of integral methods, analysis of bibliographical sources, pedagogical forecast and planning methods, classification, formalization and theoretical interpretation methods) and empirical methods (discussions, direct and indirect observation, pedagogical monitoring, self-observation, interviewing, testing, method of expert estimations, self-assessment, pedagogical experiment). The study involved 120 cadets of the Military Academy (Odesa) and 36 experts (officers of logistics units of Operational Command «South» and instructors of the Military Academy (Odesa)) to estimate the qualities and abilities that are professionally important for future logistics officers. As a result, it was found that logistics readiness, which covers all the necessary qualities and abilities, is the basis for integral competence of future officers of army support units (forces) and it is formed in the process of studying at the higher military educational establishment.
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Morris, Stephen. "Critical Care Specific Medical Materials Preparedness in the Emergency Department for Mass Shooting Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002395.
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Introduction:There has been a dramatic increase in the number of mass shootings (loosely defined as an incident with four or more indiscriminate victims) in the United States (1). Additionally, the use of high-caliber, military-style weapons, has become more common in civilian shootings. These trends should influence how emergency departments prepare for disasters, including an inventory of what critical care medical materials (supplies) are readily available in the event of a disaster.Aim:To demonstrate the need for the adoption of medical materials planning for disasters to account for new injury patterns from mass shootings.Methods:A review of injury patterns from recent mass shootings was conducted using available literature (2). The average number of victims presenting to the emergency department in these events was reviewed. Estimation of critical care specific medical materials in the emergency department required for the management of an “average” number of victims with the typical injury pattern of these events was conducted.Results:Some critical care specific medical materials: intubation equipment, chest tubes, and central venous catheters may be in short supply during a mass shooting event.Discussion:Emergency physicians must anticipate and prepare for new disaster trends such as mass shootings and high caliber weapons injuries. This includes having specialty medical supplies readily available in sufficient amount. Normal stocking of critical care specific medical materials may be inadequate in a mass shooting event based on the available literature.
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Meier, David C., and Steven T. Fiorino. "Application of Satellite- and NWP-Derived Wind Profiles to Military Airdrop Operations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 10 (October 2016): 2197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0296.1.
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AbstractThe Joint Precision Airdrop System (JPADS) has revolutionized military high-altitude airdrop capability, allowing delivery of equipment and supplies to smaller drop zones from higher altitudes than was previously possible. This capability relies on accurate wind data, currently provided by GPS dropsondes released in the vicinity of the drop zone shortly before the airdrop. This research investigates the potential for a wind-profiling algorithm to generate the required wind data from passive IR and microwave satellite soundings, eliminating the requirement for a hazardous dropsonde pass near the drop zone. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) provides a 3D temperature field and determines the heights of 100 standard levels. From these data, the slopes of the isobaric pressure surfaces and temperature gradients are used to calculate wind speed and direction using the thermal wind relationship. The accuracy of these satellite-derived wind profiles is evaluated through comparison with rawinsonde measurements near the coordinates and time of the AIRS sounding. Further investigation of the wind profile accuracy is made by a comparison with numerical weather prediction (NWP) data worldwide, and the effect of cloud cover in the vicinity of the target coordinates is analyzed. The AIRS-derived winds are found to be less accurate than short-term NWP winds for the JPADS application, but the technique developed may be applied to alternate applications, such as use in the stratosphere, where NWP winds are not widely available. The agreement between satellite-retrieved temperatures and measurements at altitudes above 30 km indicates the AIRS data could be used to create accurate, 3D fields of optical turbulence strengths for directed-energy applications.
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Lippman, Ellen, and Martin McMahon. "Professionalism and Politics in the Procurement Process: United States Civil War Early Years." Accounting Historians Journal 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10524.
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ABSTRACT The start of the United States Civil War in 1861 necessitated an increase in the U.S. military force from a population of approximately 16,000 men just prior to the beginning of the war to 700,000 men in less than one year. By the completion of the war four years later, an estimated 2,000,000 soldiers fought for the Union. The dramatic increase in manpower required a rapid response to supply the soldiers with clothing, equipment, and food. This paper analyzes the procurement process and its challenges during the early years of the war, from the initial rush to obtain a large number of supplies when established purchasing procedures were ignored, to the implementation of formalized internal controls and the adoption of the False Claims Act that was used to punish frauds carried out by procurement officers and outside contractors. This paper considers the political influences affecting procurement and finds that politics played only a small role in procurement, although a greater role in oversight of the procurement department.
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Hatzfeld, Jennifer J., George Hildebrandt, Joseph K. Maddry, Dario Rodriquez, Elizabeth Bridges, Anne C. Ritter, Cubby L. Gardner, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, and Andrew P. Cap. "Top 10 Research Priorities for U.S. Military En Route Combat Casualty Care." Military Medicine 186, no. 3-4 (February 26, 2021): e359-e365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa480.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Within the Military Health System, the process of transporting patients from an initial point of injury and throughout the entire continuum of care is called “en route care.” A Committee on En Route Combat Casualty Care was established in 2016 as part of the DoD Joint Trauma System to create practice guidelines, recommend training standards, and identify research priorities within the military en route care system. Materials and Methods Following an analysis of currently funded research, future capabilities, and findings from a comprehensive scoping study, members of a sub-working group for research identified the top research priorities that were needed to better guide evidence-based decisions for practice and policy, as well as the future state of en route care. Results Based on the input from the entire committee, 10 en route care research topics were rank-ordered in the following manner: (1) medical documentation, (2) clinical decision support, (3) patient monitoring, (4) transport physiology, (5) transfer of care, (6) maintaining normothermia, (7) transport timing following damage control resuscitation or surgery, (8) intelligent tasking, (9) commander’s risk assessment, and (10) unmanned transport. Specific research questions and technological development needs were further developed by committee members in an effort to guide future research and development initiatives that can directly support operational en route care needs. The research priorities reflect three common themes, which include efforts to enhance or increase care provider capability and capacity; understand the impact of transportation on patient physiology; and increase the ability to coordinate, communicate, and facilitate patient movement. Technology needs for en route care must support interoperability of medical information, equipment, and supplies across the global military health system in addition to adjusting to a dynamic transport environment with the smallest possible weight, space, and power requirements. Conclusions To ensure an evidence-based approach to future military conflicts and other medical challenges, focused research and technological development to address these 10 en route care research gaps are urgently needed.
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Yancey, Arthur H. "The Role of Aeromedical Transportation in Global Disaster Health Care." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027102.
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AbstractThere are several unique aspects of aeromedical transportation that render it vital to the overall management of disaster emergencies. Valuable time can be saved in moving medical expertise, supplies, and equipment into the disaster area as well as in moving victims out of the hazardous area quickly and in large numbers. Chaotic ground traffic at and near the disaster scene as well as environmental obstacles en route often may be avoided. Large numbers of disaster victims can be cared for efficiently en route by proportionately fewer health care personnel than is possible using traditional land carriers due to the concentration of many patients in one aircraft. Patients with similar injuries (e.g., burns) can be routed to and concentrated in centralized institutions that specialize in the care of those specific injuries. The plans for execution of the foregoing should include the use of military troop-transport aircraft that may be converted easily for patient transport. Also, military personnel should be involved, as they are part of a highly organized structure that can be mobilized more easily and swiftly than can most civilian organizations. The United States Air Force aeromedical evacuation policies and management structure is reviewed with attention directed toward additions and adaptations of this system needed to allow it to serve global disaster response. Such a highly evolved system will require a governing body with global reach for purposes of coordination and management. The resources for such a system currently exist but such an organization has yet to be formed.
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Mustafin, Timur, and Ruslan Shangaraev. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-ITALIAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-1-81-85.
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The trade restrictions imposed by the European Union in relation to Russia have the most negative impact on the state of the Italian-Russian trade and economic cooperation. In terms of economic indicators, the Italian economy is in recession. Italian exports to Russia fell by more than a third, which negatively affects small and medium-sized businesses, suppliers of high-tech products (gas and oil production equipment for work, in particular, in the Arctic latitudes), military-technical cooperation, which has always been evidence of the traditionally trusting partnership between Russia and Italy.
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Szymański, Piotr. "Polityka obronna Litwy w latach 2014-2018." Gdańskie Studia Międzynarodowe 16, no. 1-2 (November 30, 2018): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7625.
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The annexation of Crimea in 2014 marks the turning point in Lithuania’s defence policy. Previously, Lithuanian armed forces developed expeditionary capabilities in line with NATO’s out-of-area requirements and had to face substantial manning and equipment shortages as a result of the financial crisis. After 2014 clarion call, Lithuania responded with the most comprehensive measures of all the Eastern Flank states to strengthen its military capabilities. Lithuania’s main strategic concerns encompass both the Russian A2/AD bubble in Kaliningrad as well as the development of Russian offensive capabilities in the Baltic Sea region. The Lithuanian strive for security included a big hike in defence spending and a gradual increase in military personnel, with the reinstatement of conscription, faster modernisation of armed forces, development of military infrastructures, investments in combat readiness and an update of military exercises. This was supplemented by the strengthening of defence co-operation with key partners – both bilaterally and within the NATO framework. Lithuania’s main goal was to convince Allies to establish permanent military presence on its territory in order to strengthen deterrence against Russia. Between the NATO Wales Summit in 2014 and the Warsaw Summit in 2016, Lithuania was focused mainly on a closer military collaboration with the US – a country which then took a leading role in the military reassurance of the Eastern Flank. In Lithuania, the US has traditionally been perceived as the main security provider. The Warsaw Summit constituted a milestone in bolstering the Allied defence posture vis-à-vis Russia, which influenced Lithuania’s defence policy. American rotational company-size units in the Baltic states were subsequently replaced by NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence, i.e. the deployment of German-led battalion-size battlegroup in Lithuania. Therefore, between 2016 and 2018 Lithuania tried to augment its strong defence ties with US while deepening military integration with Germany. The most significant sign of a closer military co-operation with Germany was the procurement of 88 Boxer infantry fighting vehicles. Recently, Germany has become the biggest supplier of military equipment to the Lithuanian army. Although Lithuania prefers to develop military co-operation primarily with US and Germany, Poland remains its important orientation point (mainly due to a similar threat perception and Poland’s geographic location). The core dimensions of the Polish-Lithuanian defence collaboration are the strengthening of air defence, including Grom systems deliveries, training of special forces and development of the trilateral brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) together with Ukraine. In the coming years, the ongoing depopulation will remain the biggest internal challenge for the Lithuanian defence policy. Emigration and an ageing society result not only in a decreasing number of citizens reaching the enlistment age, but may also adversely affect the economic situation and - as a consequence - defence expenditure.
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Baikushikova, G. "GLOBAL ARMS MARKET: KEY PLAYERS, FEATURES, TRENDS." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 74, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.1728-8940.23.
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This article analyzes the current situation in the global arms market. The authors of the article study the role of the main players in the international arms and military equipment market, determine the main trends in the development of the world arms market, analyze the current statistical data characterizing the state of this market. The analysis allows us to conclude that, despite significant dynamic and structural changes, the demand for weapons in the world is not decreasing, as is the competition between the main suppliers of weapons. The intensification of military-political tensions led to an acceleration in the growth rates of the world arms trade. In addition, the geographic vector of development is changing in the global arms market. If in the second half of the twentieth century the Middle East actively acted as importing countries, then in the twenty-first century the center of world trade in military products shifted to Asia and Oceania, where the main importers of weapons are India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia, Japan and Australia. Most recently, there has been a new increase in demand for weapons from the Middle Eastern states, primarily Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and Egypt.
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Yushkevych, Volodymyr. "Assistance of the USA to refugees during the Korean War (1950 – 1953)." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 6 (2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2018.06.82-90.
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The article reveals a set of measures taken by the United States of America to assist “the refugees of war” in the context of local conflict in the Korean Peninsula. It is underlined that securing assistance to hundreds of thousands of Korean refugees has become a unique experience for the United States and the international community in providing financial support, assistance programs, combat operations, and organized troop deployment. Particular attention was paid to the decisions and actions of the US Armed Forces Command aimed at avoiding panic among refugees from the North, evacuating civilians, setting up and operating Refugee Camps. The unprecedented scale of the Hungnam rescue operation carried out during the offensive of the Chinese and North Korean troops in December 1950 is examined. The first exampled experience was the work of the United Nations Civil Aid Command in Korea, whose field teams distributed clothing, supplies, consumer goods and large-scale vaccinations against smallpox and typhoid during the second half of 1950. In addition, it reviewed the work of UNCURK, which was to help rebuild the country. As part of the program, Korean refugees received rice, used clothing and shoes, and medical equipment. At the same time, the establishment and activities of the UNKRA, to whom the United States has been the major donor, have played a leading role in assisting the forced migrants. The relief programs subsequently became a significant factor in the Westernization and economic revival of the Republic of Korea. It has been shown that in the context of the military conflict in Korea, US assistance to refugees was provided not only through a profile UN agency but also through the active involvement of US military structures and non-governmental organizations. The role of volunteer organizations and private initiatives of the American public in support of the Korean Refugee was noted.
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Lemon, David J., Wen Chen, Trevor Smith, April A. Ford, Steven X. Moffett, Jeffrey T. Hoyle, Nicholas J. Hamlin, and Yoon Y. Hwang. "The Effect of Simulated Field Storage Conditions on Dental Restorative Materials for Military Field Use." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (December 24, 2019): e831-e838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz425.
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Abstract Introduction Dental readiness, one critical component of medical readiness, is adversely impacted by dental emergencies. Many dental emergencies require restorative materials such as glass ionomers, resins, and zinc oxide eugenols to remedy them. The Authorized Dental Allowance List (ADAL) and Authorized Medical Allowance List (AMAL) contain the equipment and materials used by Navy dentists to treat Sailors and Marines. These supplies are subjected to harsh storage conditions on deployments. Much is known about how materials behave when stored at room temperature, but less is known about how their properties are affected after exposure to high temperatures and humidity. We subjected five dental restorative materials to storage in aggravated conditions, and then tested them to determine which products are more robust. Materials and Methods Unopened packages of Fuji Triage, Fuji IX GP (both GC America Inc., Alsip, Illinois), TPH Spectra ST Low Viscosity, Intermediate Restorative Material (both Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania), and Herculite XRV (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California) were exposed to 0, 5, or 10 days’ storage at 30–60°C with 95% relative humidity. After storage in these aggravated conditions, we tested the compressive strength, hardness, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, sorption, and solubility of each material. Results The physical properties of all materials were affected by storage in aggravated conditions, though the properties of some materials degraded more than others. Both glass ionomers, Fuji Triage (P = 0.0012) and Fuji IX GP (P = 0.0031), and the composite Herculite XRV (P = 0.0253) lost compressive strength after 5 or 10 days in aggravated conditions. The hardness values for all materials were affected (P < 0.05) by the aggravated conditions, though the elastic modulus of TPH Spectra was not affected (P > 0.05). None of the materials lost flexural strength (P > 0.05) or had changes in their flexural modulus (P > 0.05). The water sorption behavior of Fuji Triage (P = 0.0426) and Fuji IX GP (P = 0.0201) changed after 10 days of aggravated storage, and the solubility of all materials was altered by the harsh conditions. Conclusion Some materials degrade more than others in aggravated conditions. Both resin composite materials were more resistant to high temperatures and humidity levels than the glass ionomers tested. These changes in physical characteristics should be considered when reviewing or optimizing the ADAL/AMAL for different projected operational environments.
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Raas, Whitney, and Austin Long. "Osirak Redux? Assessing Israeli Capabilities to Destroy Iranian Nuclear Facilities." International Security 31, no. 4 (April 2007): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.31.4.7.
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Does Israel have the ability to conduct a military attack against Iran's nuclear facilities similar to its 1981 strike on Iraq's Osirak reactor? The Israeli Air Force has significantly upgraded its equipment since the early 1980s, but the Iranian nuclear complex is a much harder target than was the Osirak reactor. Iran has three facilities that are critical for nuclear weapons production: a uranium conversion facility, an enrichment facility, and a heavy-water production plant and associated plutonium production reactor. This article analyzes possible interactions of Israel's improved air force, including the addition of F-15I aircraft and U.S.-supplied conventional “bunker-buster” precision-guided munitions, with the Iranian target set and air defense systems. It concludes that Israel has the capability to attack Iran's nuclear infrastructure with at least as much confidence as it had in the 1981 Osirak strike. Beyond the case of Iran, this finding has implications for the use of precision-guided weapons as a counterproliferation tool. Precision-guided weapons confer the ability to reliably attack hard and deeply buried targets with conventional, rather than nuclear, weapons. Intelligence on the location of nuclear sites is thus the primary limiting factor of military counterproliferation.
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Bloss, Richard. "Unmanned vehicles while becoming smaller and smarter are addressing new applications in medical, agriculture, in addition to military and security." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-10-2013-410.
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Purpose – Review of the most recent unmanned vehicle show in Washington DC with emphasis on the new robot innovations and applications on display. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews with exhibitors of unmanned vehicles and suppliers of other related equipment and support services. Findings – Unmanned vehicles are moving rapidly into new applications such as agriculture, environmental monitoring and medical along with maintaining their importance in the traditional military and security applications of the past. Practical implications – Customers will be surprised at the innovations making these robotic vehicles smaller, smarter and more adaptable to a wide range of new applications. Originality/value – A review of some of the latest innovations and applications for unmanned vehicles that one might have seen if they had been on the exhibition floor at the most recent Washington DC unmanned vehicle show.
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Wilson, Mark R. "“Taking a Nickel Out of the Cash Register”: Statutory Renegotiation of Military Contracts and the Politics of Profit Control in the United States during World War II." Law and History Review 28, no. 2 (May 2010): 343–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248010000039.
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At 10:00 AM on September 24, 1943, James F. Lincoln, the sixty-year-old president and owner of the Lincoln Electric Company of Cleveland, Ohio, entered a meeting with U.S. Navy officials who wanted to discuss his company's recent earnings. A former Ohio State University football team captain and active supporter of the Republican Party, the outspoken Lincoln had already made it clear that he objected to the whole proceeding. One of the nation's leading suppliers of welding equipment, Lincoln's company had seen its sales boom since the beginning of World War II, as shipbuilders, aircraft producers, and other prime contractors demanded more welding machines and electrodes. Now, after a year of correspondence and preparations, the U.S. Navy had asked Lincoln to come to Washington to discuss how much of the company's 1942 profits were fair, and how much should be returned to the United States.
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Sawicky, I. M. "SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN WESTERN SIBERIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-2-95-103.
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The article considers the socio-political life of the workers and employees of the military-industrial complex in Western Siberia, which is one of three such complexes in the USSR that supplied the Red Army with military equipment and ammunition. It was established that the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (CPSU (b), giving great attention to the regions of their location, in the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee added some new structural units, whose influence embraced all aspects of socio-political life of the workers and employees in these regions. Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee promptly controlled and supervised the work of local Party and Soviet bodies, organizations and institutions in this direction.The major focus is on the study of the activities of the Soviet Information Bureau (Sovinformbureau), press, radio, cinema, lecturers, propagandists and agitators, who informed the workers and employees about the most important events at the front and in the rear, formed the social and political attitudes. It was found that the greatest role was played by outstanding artists, theatrical, musical and artistic intelligentsia who, through their presentations, shows and performances of the anti-fascist orientation raising the spiritual forces of workers, engineers and technicians, inspired people to labor feats. Through the combination of these events, organized by the central and local Party authorities, the government and local executive authorities shaped social and political consciousness, patriotism of workers, engineers and technicians, to forge the weapon of victory over fascism.
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Хмара, Олександр П. "ФІНАНСОВА СКЛАДОВА МЕХАНІЗМУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВИРОБНИЧИХ МЕРЕЖ ОБОРОННО-ПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 151, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.5.7.
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The article provides insights into financial and economic aspects of international partnerships in the defense sector. A critical review of operational practices of the largest defense companies provides evidence that subcontractor financing (in particular, in case of multi-phase contract financing or investment capital budgeting) is used only if the main contractor gains an advantage (in situations when high demand products are available only from a small, undercapitalised supplier or when a ‘critical’ product supplier faces certain financial difficulties). The findings demonstrate that working and investment capital raising practices refer more to the specifics of how companies accept payments from their customers rather than focusing on the particular military product they offer. Although the company funding needs including capital size and time investment are directly affected by the product type, the factors that drive the company needs in financing are characterised by contract duration and the specific services or products provided to customers in a package. The study suggests a well-reasoned action plan to be implemented at the government level along with specifying the areas of international cooperation to reduce the negative effects from the final severance of value chains between Ukrainian companies and the CIS defense industry. In particular, the study substantiates the need to liberalize the regulatory framework for transferring of military equipment and dual-use goods; the need to change management practices at state-owned enterprises in terms of timely disposal of inefficient assets along with asset corporatization and privatization; the need to reform the standards and technical regulation framework in the area of defense-related product design and manufacturing; the need to implement tax incentives and mandatory payments for defense industry enterprises which invest in production growth. A special emphasis is put on the role of Ukraine – NATO cooperation to modernise the national defense industry and enhance the integration of Ukrainian businesses into global production networks along with demonstrating the benefits gained from international cooperation, in particular this refers to Ukraine's access to important regulatory documents, including military doctrines, which contributes to facilitating reforms within the Armed Forces of Ukraine; approval of the package of measures which are critical to raising awareness and to support NATO partners in the Black Sea region; and finally, the recognition of Ukraine as an Enhanced Opportunities Partner in June 2020.
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Lienkov, Ye S. "NORMATIVE PLANNING PROCESSES OF CONSUMPTION AND REPLENISHMENT RESOURCES OF GROUPING WITH DELIVERY NEW OBJECTS." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 65 (2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/65-02.
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The article describes the features and results of normative planning processes of spending and replenishing the grouping resource with the supply of new objects. The troops have an important task of timely planning for the repair of weapons and military equipment and supplies to the grouping of new objects. It is shown that the solution to this problem is possible only through the use of a mathematical model process of spending and replenishing the technical resource of grouping objects. Using it, you can predict the composition and resource of the group and calculate the optimal plans for maintaining the combat readiness of the group. The launch of the presented algorithm involves the use of a previously developed enlarged structural diagram of a modeling algorithm. The number of implementations of the modeling process and a certain coefficient that sets the range of the limit on the consumption of the resource of objects in percent are set. The block diagram of the modeling algorithm in the standard planning mode plus the supply of new facilities is presented. It is essentially an extension of the previous algorithm. The initial information, as before, is GR and TipO data structures. The required (minimum acceptable) number of objects in the grouping is added to them. The results are shown for two calculation options: for a single case simulation implementation and for 100 implementations. This allows us to compare the obtained data and qualitatively assess nature of the effect on the type of graphs numbers of simulation implementations. The block diagram of the algorithm for modeling the process of spending and replenishing a resource in the User Planning mode without supplying new objects is presented. The form for displaying simulation results (graphs) in the User Planning mode is no different from the form for presenting the results obtained in the Normative Planning modes. Showing examples of the presentation of these results.
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Dal Ponte, Silvana T., Carlos F. D. Dornelles, Bonnie Arquilla, Christina Bloem, and Patricia Roblin. "Mass-casualty Response to the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 1 (December 29, 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001368.
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AbstractOn January 27, 2013, a fire at the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil led to a mass-casualty incident affecting hundreds of college students. A total of 234 people died on scene, 145 were hospitalized, and another 623 people received treatment throughout the first week following the incident.1 Eight of the hospitalized people later died.1 The Military Police were the first on scene, followed by the state fire department, and then the municipal Mobile Prehospital Assistance (SAMU) ambulances. The number of victims was not communicated clearly to the various units arriving on scene, leading to insufficient rescue personnel and equipment. Incident command was established on scene, but the rescuers and police were still unable to control the chaos of multiple bystanders attempting to assist in the rescue efforts. The Municipal Sports Center (CDM) was designated as the location for dead bodies, where victim identification and communication with families occurred, as well as forensic evaluation, which determined the primary cause of death to be asphyxia. A command center was established at the Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo (HCAA) in Santa Maria to direct where patients should be admitted, recruit staff, and procure additional supplies, as needed. The victims suffered primarily from smoke inhalation and many required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. There was a shortage of ventilators; therefore, some had to be borrowed from local hospitals, neighboring cities, and distant areas in the state. A total of 54 patients1 were transferred to hospitals in the capital city of Porto Alegre (Brazil). The main issues with the response to the fire were scene control and communication. Areas for improvement were identified, namely the establishment of a disaster-response plan, as well as regularly scheduled training in disaster preparedness/response. These activities are the first steps to improving mass-casualty responses.Dal PonteST, DornellesCFD, ArquillaB, BloemC, RoblinP. Mass-casualty response to the Kiss Nightclub in Santa Maria, Brazil. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-4.
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Constantinescu, Cristian E., Radu D. Rugescu, Silviu Ciochina, and Remus C. Cacoveanu. "First Flight Experiment with the NERVA-1 Inertial Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.990.
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The guidance system of the NERVA small space launcher is based on the six degrees-of-freedom information delivered by an inertial platform. Due to the main scope of the project sponsored by the Romanian Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports to build a cost-effective space launcher, the inertial platform was built with extensive use of on-the-shelf, low cost inertial sensors and equipment. Concerns regarding the behavior and reliability of the sensing block were solved during the first flight experiment in June 2010, on-board the military, unguided drone missile RT-759-01 NERVA-1 and the results are described. The behavior of the electronics under the dynamical loads of the rocket flight, involving overloads of more than 20 g-s and the level of vibration during the real flight was the focus of the flight test, the first ever performed in Romania. The data were broadcast through a eight channel telemetry chain and received on the ground in two different locations for reliability enhancement. The data acquisition performed very well and supplied the basis for further development of the more accurate orbital injection guidance system of the NERVA launcher of small satellites in LEO.
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Zavada, Jack. "Supplies and equipment." Day Care & Early Education 16, no. 2 (December 1988): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01622989.
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Нємченко, Ольга Володимирівна, Альона Юріївна Кисилевська, and Віталій Леонідович Костенко. "ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ВИМОГ СТАНДАРТІВ НАТО СЕРІЇ AQAP 2000 У СИСТЕМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З ВИРОБНИЦТВА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.4.13.
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In recent years, the security and defense sector of Ukraine has been undergoing reforms aimed at gaining the country's membership in the NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization. One of the many aspects of these reforms is the introduction of some specific standards, in particular, the AQAP 2000 series standards in the quality management systems of military equipment enterprises. In the case of implementation of several international standards at the enterprise, there is a need to create integrated quality management systems. The article presents options for implementing two or more standards in the QMS of the enterprise, analyzes their disadvantages and advantages. The main requirements of the AQAP 2110 standard, which should be integrated with the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard in the context of the PDCA cycle ("Plan-Do-Check-Act"), are considered. The stages of the implementation of integrated QMS are described. The scheme of deliveries of products to the customer in which there is a certification of the quality management system of the manufacturer (supplier) by the external body on conformity assessment, control over the quality of production by military representation, and the government quality assurance GQA has resulted. Government quality assurance GQA means that the authorized national body carries out the process of assessing the conformity of the quality management system of the manufacturer (supplier) to the requirements of ISO 9001 and NATO standards AQAP 2000, which allows the customer to gain confidence in the quality of defense products. A special requirement is to draw up a Quality Plan, which defines the activities, processes, resources, responsibilities of the manufacturer, etc., to convince the customer and the GQA representative that the company can manufacture and supply products of appropriate quality and on time, because in case of defective products or failure to deliver is lost time for a replacement or waiting, and this is a constant risk to the country's combat readiness. Requirements for the content and design of the Quality Plan are given in the standard AQAP 2105. In addition to the above, the following specific requirements of AQAP 2110 are analyzed as the operation of the metrological support system at the enterprise according to DSTU ISO 10012, product configuration management with software according to ACMP 2100, risk management, etc.
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Repinetskiy, Aleksander I. "Bezymyanka – the core of the aviation complex in the Middle Volga Region during the Great Patriotic War." Historical Ethnology 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/he.2021-6-1.15-29.
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During the Great Patriotic War, the Middle Volga Region became one of the centers for military-industrial complex enterprises evacuation from the western regions of the country. The city of Kuybyshev (now Samara) accepted 40 largest enterprises. The factories of the People’s Commissariat of the Aviation Industry functioned as their basis. This decision was associated with the ongoing construction of three aircraft factories in the city. By the beginning of the war, the construction had not been completed and the completion degree of the plants buildings varied. The decision to evacuate aviation production to the city was also influenced by the presence of the metalworking industry, energy capacities and labor concentrated in one of the largest camps of the GULAG system – Bezymyanlag. The equipment of the evacuated enterprises was arriving at the Bezymyanka station of the Kuibyshev railway where aviation factories were being constructed. Unloading and placing the equipment caused considerable difficulties. The machines were installed in unfinished facilities or even simply on the ground. A large industrial center developed near the city where the enterprises of the aviation complex were located. A closed production cycle was created for the first time in the country here; it produced the Ilyushin IL-2 and the Ilyushin IL-10 Shturmoviks. The Ilyushin IL-2 attack aircraft was recognized as the best one in World War II. The production establishment faced great difficulties: placement on unsuitable production manufacturing sites, extremely tight timeline for manufacturing production, and the need for its constant modernization. The personnel issue was especially urgent. It was decided to mobilize women, youth and adolescents to work for manufacturing enterprises. However, their low qualifications caused production problems. It was self-sacrifice and labor heroism that helped to tackle these tasks. The work of the Bezymyanka aviation complex supplied the country’s armed forces with combat aircraft. The presence of a large aviation complex predetermined the development of the industrial cluster of the Samara Region.