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Journal articles on the topic 'Military intervention in third states'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bove, Vincenzo, and Tobias Böhmelt. "International Migration and Military Intervention in Civil War." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 2 (2017): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.22.

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Which factors make it more likely that states militarily intervene in ongoing intrastate wars? We develop the argument that migrants, i.e., (1) people coming from the civil-war state living in a potential intervener state (immigrants) and (2) those living in the country at war who stem from the third party (emigrants), influence the decision of external states to intervene in civil wars. Our theoretical framework is thus based on a joint focus on domestic-level determinants in a civil-war country and in foreign states. Primarily based on an accountability rationale, we also claim that the thir

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Linebarger, Christopher, Andrew J. Enterline, and Steven R. Liebel. "Shaken or stirred? Terrorism and third-party state resolve in civil war interventions." Conflict Management and Peace Science 37, no. 3 (2017): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217740874.

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Does terrorism against third-party state interveners affect their willingness to continue an intervention into a civil war? Drawing on research examining the impact of terrorism on partisanship, public opinion, and political survival, as well as the targeting of states by terrorists, we link terrorist attacks originating from a civil war state with an intervening state’s resolve to continue an ongoing military intervention into a civil war in support of the government. Terrorism can either undermine a third party’s resolve, because the political costs resulting from terror attacks are perceive

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Koh, Harold Hongju. "Humanitarian Intervention: Time for Better Law." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.72.

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The United States’ April 6, 2017 missile strikes against Syria raise three fundamental questions about how we should assess military interventions taken for humanitarian ends but without Security Council authorization: First, is unilateral humanitarian intervention per se illegal under international and domestic law—what I call the “never/never rule”? Second, were the Trump Administration's April 6, 2017 strikes per se illegal under international and domestic law? And third, going forward, can we live with the status quo, where in state practice, unilateral humanitarian intervention seems to o

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A, Hardi, Desy Nur Shafitri, Annisa Ernianda, and Anggi Putri. "Joe Biden Intervention in the Russian Invasion Effort Against Ukraine." WIMAYA 3, no. 01 (2022): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v3i01.66.

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The protracted conflict between Russia and Ukraine since 2014 has reached an unpredictable peak of tension. The military invasion of Russia on February 24, 2022, overwhelmed Ukraine in the face of attack. Randomly bombed facilities caused thousands of civilians to lose their homes and lives. Initially, this conflict was caused by the seizure of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. The conflict spread to the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), ending in a difficult situation to control. Primarily when the United States officially provided military assistance to U

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Pratiwi, Fadhila Inas. "Lessons Learned from Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Libya." Jurnal Global & Strategis 11, no. 2 (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.11.2.2017.97-107.

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As a new principle in the world, Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is an obligation on the part of the international community and on the part of the states to protect civilians from mass atrocities by doing several actions like giving international aids, reducing poverty, supporting peacebuilding, educating the population, until military intervention. However, military intervention under R2P norm in Libya produce a counterproductive result which then led the country into civil war. From this background, therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the implementation of R2P in Libya into

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Szentkirályi, Levente, and Michael Burch. "An umbrella of legitimacy: Rebel faction size and external military intervention." International Political Science Review 39, no. 4 (2017): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116678098.

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How may the legitimacy of rebel groups shape the decisions of third-party states to support insurgencies militarily? In aiming to better understand how the (group-level) attributes of insurgencies motivate interventions on their behalf, we argue that the size of rebel forces serves as a proxy for a revolution’s perceived legitimacy within the international community. Specifically, we maintain that the larger the insurgency, the greater the insurgency’s perceived legitimacy and, thus, the more likely intervention on its behalf becomes. This analysis challenges previous studies that have confine

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Rothchild, Donald. "The Logic of a Soft Intervention Strategy: The United States and Conflict Conciliation in Africa." International Negotiation 11, no. 2 (2006): 317–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180606778968335.

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AbstractWhat forms of U.S. intervention are likely to prove realizable and to be appropriate for facilitating the implementation of peace agreements and protecting human rights in Africa? The choices for action are certainly wider than the polar opposites of disengagement and large-scale military intervention. Because the United States can afford neither prolonged military hegemony nor the indulgence of neo-isolationism, it must find some form of creative engagement that fulfills its obligations to facilitate and protect in ways that are acceptable to both American and overseas opinion. Limite

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Karimi, Alireza, A. Koosha, M. Najafi Asfad, and M. T. Ansari. "Examining of Relationship between Responsibility to Protect & Sovereignty of States in Light of Practice of International Community." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p256.

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With the end of the civil war and fading of military and ideological competitions of the superpowers and drastic changes in the international system, maintaining peace and security has been closely associated with the political, social economic and cultural structures of states and their behavior in observing the criteria of human rights. The Security Council as an organ, established for keeping Peace and Security has experienced great opposition to the sovereignty of states by using human rights rules as an alibi, and even has paved the way for military intervention. Normally, material breach

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Pratiwi, Tiffany Setyo. "An Analysis of Humanitarian Military Intervention in Nigeria: Focus on Saving Victims or Defeating Boko Haram?" Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS) 2, no. 2 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v2i2.41.

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ABSTRACT This paper discusses the humanitarian intervention in Nigeria because the Boko Haram’s attack. Humanitarian intervention was carried out because there had been gross human rights violations in an area and the government's inability to solve them. Boko Haram attack has caused a humanitarian crisis in Nigeria. Unfortunately, Nigeria has been unable to solve the problem. Boko Haram is a separatist group that wants to replace Nigeria’s legitimate government to Sharia Law. Thus, humanitarian intervention is needed. This paper will explain three sub chapters of the discussion, such as

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Baynham, Simon. "Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?: the Case of Nkrumah's National Security Service." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 1 (1985): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00056512.

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From the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta to twentiethcentury Bolivia and Zaïre, from theories of development and underdevelopment to models of civil-military relations, one is struck by the enormous literature on armed intervention in the domestic political arena. In recent years, a veritable rash of material on the subject of military politics has appeared – as much from newspaper correspondents reporting pre-dawn coups from third-world capitals as from the more rarefied towers of academe. Yet looking at the subject from the perspective of how régimes mobilise resources and mec

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Gunn, Christopher. "The 1960 Coup in Turkey: A U.S. Intelligence Failure or a Successful Intervention?" Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 2 (2015): 103–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00550.

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Coups d’état were a relatively common means of regime change during the Cold War. From 1945 through 1985, 357 attempted coups d’état occurred in the Third World, and 183 succeeded. The high frequency of coups during this period is unsurprising, especially considering the advantageous position of the military during the rapid and destabilizing pace of modernization and decolonization in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Coups d’état were not exclusive to the Third World, however. They also occurred in members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Surprisingly, howeve

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Mahnad, Polina Levina. "Protecting cultural property in Syria: New opportunities for States to enhance compliance with international law?" International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 906 (2017): 1037–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000322.

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AbstractThe war in Syria has lasted for six years and has led to massive destruction and loss of life. Stymieing international peace efforts from the outset, there is increasing doubt that the conflict will reach a resolution or political settlement in the near future. This frustration has triggered an appetite among States, civil society and the international community for finite and concrete measures that can contribute to greater protection and compliance with international law. A recent constellation of events around the protection of cultural property appears to herald a shift in the resp

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Kim, Duk-ki. "Strategic implications for the Korean Peninsula of the U.S. and China’s military reinforcement and military readiness surrounding the Taiwan Strait." Korea Research Institute for Strategy 31, no. 2 (2024): 117–89. https://doi.org/10.46226/jss.2024.7.31.2.117.

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The purpose of this paper is to derive the strategic implications for the Korean Peninsula of the U.S.-China military reinforcement and military readiness surrounding the Taiwan Strait. This paper derived the following. First, the United States and China will continue to strengthen their military readiness surrounding the Taiwan Strait along with competition to increase military power. In particular, Washington is strengthening its military cooperation with allies and partners while also strengthening forward bases that can keep China in denial in the East and South China Seas. On the other ha

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Haar, Roberta, and Lutz F. Krebs. "Choosing to Intervene: US Domestic Politics and Moral Imperatives." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 21, no. 4 (2015): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2015-0030.

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AbstractThe end of the Cold War meant fewer constraints on humanitarian intervention, and the third pillar of the nascent R2P norm suggests at least a moral imperative to intervene when another country’s population is threatened. Yet US leaders continue to shy away from protecting innocents outside of the United States from harm — despite the fact that presidential candidates often campaign on restoring America’s moral lead in the world and, in particular, on US responsibilities to avert mass atrocities. This paper investigates the extent to which US military intervention abroad is driven by d

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Gautam, Sasmita. "Key Security Challenges of the Third World." Unity Journal 2 (August 11, 2021): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v2i0.38846.

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While shaping an impression of the Third World from post-colonial, non-aligned to less developed states today, security concerns over the region, more or less, remained a status quo in a handful of international security scholars. This article explores various security challenges, including internal, regional, transnational and international of Asia, Africa and Latin American countries, the then considered Third World. Military interventions, illegal migration and narco-terrorism of Latin America; Demographic derivatives, ethnical conflicts and transnational organized crimes in Africa; Terrori

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de Wet, Erika. "Reinterpreting Exceptions to the Use of Force in the Interest of Security: Forcible Intervention by Invitation and the Demise of the Negative Equality Principle." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.71.

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This essay describes tensions that arise between two types of public goods enshrined in the United Nations Charter—the right to self-determination of people(s) within a territorial state and peace and security—in situations in which recognized governments in conflict-torn countries request military assistance from third states against opposition groups. It illuminates legal challenges in reconciling these public goods in practice, at a time when collective peacekeeping mechanisms appear unable to prevent or terminate civil conflicts and their destabilizing regional impact.

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Huddleston, R. Joseph. "Continuous recognition: A latent variable approach to measuring international sovereignty of self-determination movements." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 6 (2020): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320960208.

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How do self-determination groups move toward diplomatic recognition? Although recognition is the dominant activity used to understand international sovereignty, it is perhaps the most costly decision states make towards these groups. Third parties have many substantial interactions with aspiring states, building their sovereignty by other important means. I argue that our understanding of international sovereignty can be improved by conceptualizing it as a dynamic, continuous process, reflected in foreign policy decisions short of the legal recognition. I create a Bayesian latent variable mode

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18

Jackson, Joshua. "Negotiation Strategies in International Diplomatic Conflicts in United States." Journal of Conflict Management 4, no. 2 (2024): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jcm.2625.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze negotiation strategies in international diplomatic conflicts in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Findings on negotiation strategies in U.S. diplomatic conflict

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Zachary, Paul, Kathleen Deloughery, and Alexander B. Downes. "No Business Like FIRC Business: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Bilateral Trade." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 4 (2015): 749–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000332.

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Scholars argue that states undertake foreign military interventions for economic reasons, yet few have investigated whether intervention produces economic benefits. This article answers this question in the context of US foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) in Latin America. Because FIRCs install leaders who are sympathetic to the intervener’s interests, economic arguments maintain that these interventions should increase bilateral trade between the targets and imposing countries. Yet security-based arguments assert that FIRCs should have little economic effect, as regime changes target thre

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Iandolo, Alessandro. "Imbalance of Power: The Soviet Union and the Congo Crisis, 1960–1961." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 2 (2014): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00449.

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The 1960–1961 Congo crisis was a defining moment for the Cold War in the Third World. This article combines declassified Soviet documents with published and archival sources from the United States, Great Britain, and Ghana to assess the role of the Soviet Union in the development of the Congo crisis. The Soviet government initially worked to establish economic relations with the newly formed independent government in Congo, but Soviet leaders had to shift their strategy when confronted by Western intervention in Congo and the prospect of a civil war. Despite Nikita Khrushchev's threats that So

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Allendoerfer, Michelle Giacobbe, Amanda Murdie, and Ryan M. Welch. "The Path of the Boomerang: Human Rights Campaigns, Third-Party Pressure, and Human Rights." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz082.

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Abstract How can information campaigns of nongovernmental human rights organizations (HROs) to “name and shame” human rights violators improve human rights conditions? Is the effect direct—does HRO targeting induce violating states to change their behavior? Or is the effect indirect—does pressure by third parties mediate the relationship between HRO actions and changes in human rights practices? The boomerang and spiral models suggest HRO activity provokes third parties, such as other states and international organizations, to pressure violating states. This pressure, in turn, drives violating

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Rabush, Taisiуa, and Rustam Solovyev. "USSR in Civil Wars in the Countries of the Third World in the Second Half of the 1970s (On the Example of Angola and Afghanistan)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2023): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.13.

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Introduction. One of the features of the Cold War was the movement of the rivalry of the superpowers into local armed conflicts and civil wars that took place on the territory of other states, mainly the Third World. The article examines the process of the involvement of the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1970s in the civil wars in Angola and Afghanistan. The policy of the USSR in armed conflicts outside the zone of its military-political influence has often been the subject of scientific research, but it has rarely been subjected to comparative analysis, and the authors make such an a

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Lakishyk, Dmytro. "Features of US Geostrategy in the Third World (50’s – First Half of the 60’s of the XX Сentury)". American History & Politics Scientific edition, № 9 (2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.1.

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The main tendency of the postwar world order was the absence of direct military conflicts between major powers and the division of the world into two military-political blocs.These entities brought together countries that differed in ideology and socio-economic structure. In the context of this conflicting confrontation, third world countries have become the arena of mediated rivalry. The confrontation took place in order to increase the area of influence in developing countries by engaging them in some form of socio-economic and political system. The most striking similarity can be seen in th

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Spiridonova, Valeria I. "THE ORIGIN OF AN IMPERIAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE UNITED STATES." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 2 (2019): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-2-268-281.

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The article examines the origins of Imperial discourse formation in American political culture and geopolitics. At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century it took disguised forms - “nonterritorial Empire”, “informal Empire”, “positive Empire”, “cultural hegemony”. The latency of the US Imperial consciousness is due to a number of reasons. First, the historical fact of the struggle for liberation from the colonial rule of Britain left a deep trace in the “political imaginary” of the American people and gave rise to the belief that the United States itself has never been, is not and cannot be a

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Mansbach, Richard W. "Agency and Ethics: The Politics of Military Intervention. By Anthony F. Lang, Jr. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 256p. $65.50 cloth, $21.95 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (2002): 888–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402320471.

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Anthony F. Lang's Agency and Ethics is an effort to reinterpret international intervention from a normative perspective, normative in this instance referring to activities that construct identities and provide policy guidance. Although he describes himself as a “realist” (p. 3), Lang sets out to explain the outcome of military intervention in terms of the interaction between the normative dimension and the “political,” which he defines as the competitive elements in a situation. He argues that states intervene in one another's affairs owing to what they believe are the norms that define their

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Gallagher, Adrian, and Jason Ralph. "The Responsibility to Protect at Ten." Global Responsibility to Protect 7, no. 3-4 (2015): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00704002.

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This article introduces the special issue and identifies three key contributions. First, RtoP advocates are right to mark the progress that has been made, but that should not – and generally does not – lead norm diffusers to rest on their laurels or to fall into a complacency that sees moral progress as inevitable. Second, the burden of concrete protection practices – whether they be reflected in contributions to peacekeeping missions or the granting of asylum – is being unfairly distributed across international society. This hierarchy is potentially destabilising and it demands that the great

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Leviatan, Nir. "Behind Cold War Curtains." Security science journal 6, no. 1 (2025): 32–51. https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.6.1.3.

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This article delves into the realm of covert diplomacy, emphasizing the often-overlooked role of third-party covert interventions in the realm of international relations. Specifically, it sheds light on Denmark's involvement in facilitating arms shipments, a role that extended beyond mere cooperation and involved concealed actions, alliance-strengthening, and clandestine settlements. The analysis highlights the unique nature of Denmark's clandestine collaborations, which involve lower initial investment costs, potentially raising concerns about reliability. It underscores how these partnership

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Gallagher, Adrian, and Nicholas J. Wheeler. "Trust or Perish? The Responsibility to Protect and Use of Force in a Changing World Order." Ethics & International Affairs 35, no. 2 (2021): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679421000204.

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AbstractAs part of the roundtable, “The Responsibility to Protect in a Changing World Order: Twenty Years since Its Inception,” this essay asks the reader to consider the role that trust, distrust, and ambivalence play in enabling and constraining the use of force under pillar three of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP). Drawing on interdisciplinary studies on trust, it analyzes the 2011 military intervention in Libya for evidence on how trust, distrust, and ambivalence help explain the positions taken by member states on the United Nations Security Council. In so doing, it challenges the ma

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Arakelian, Minas, Khashmatulla Bekhruz, and Liliana Yarova. "Prohibited means and methods of armed conflicts." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 26 (2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.26.02.40.

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The goal of this article is to analyze prohibited means and methods of armed conflicts under the International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Technological progress, the transformation of the nature of armed conflicts and the idea of the war based on terror are the main reasons why the list of prohibited means and methods of armed conflicts should be constantly updated. The main text of this article consists of three thematic blocks. The first block represents an excursion into the history and development of IHL. It outlines its division into two branches, the Geneva and Hague law. The second part co

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Pearlman, Wendy. "Syrian Views on Obama's Red Line: The Ethical Case for Strikes against Assad." Ethics & International Affairs 34, no. 2 (2020): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679420000234.

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AbstractMuch ink has been spilled on the pros and cons of U.S. president Barack Obama's decision not to strike the regime of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad after that regime launched a deadly chemical weapons attack in 2013. Often missing from those debates, however, are the perspectives of Syrians themselves. While not all Syrians oppose Assad, and not all opponents endorsed intervention, many Syrian oppositionists resolutely called for Obama to uphold his “red line” militarily. As part of the roundtable “The Ethics of Limited Strikes,” this essay analyzes diverse expressions of such opinio

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Pekari, Timothy, Kevin Wang, Eric Cotter, Nicholas Kusnezov, and Brian Waterman. "Contemporary Surgical Trends in the Management of Symptomatic Meniscal Tears among United States Military Servicemembers from 2010 to 2015." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 02 (2018): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636838.

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The purpose of this investigation is to report on trends over time in the treatment of meniscal pathology among military orthopaedic surgeons, as well as to evaluate the impact of patient demographics and concomitant procedure on the type of meniscal procedure performed. We performed a retrospective analysis of all active-duty United States military servicemembers who underwent a meniscal procedure from 2010 to 2015 within the Military Health System. Patient demographics and surgical variables were extracted from the electronic medical record. Treatments were categorized by location and by typ

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Toinet, Marie-France. "De Carter à Reagan : La politique salvadorienne des États-Unis." Études internationales 13, no. 3 (2005): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701385ar.

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Ever since Monroe's doctrine and up to President Carter, the American foreign policy in Latin America has been remarkably continuous both from the point of view of objectives - the maintenance and extension of American influence and domination - and that of the pressures required to attain them - from direct military intervention to economic sanctions, including clandestine activities of destabilization. Carter came to power and from then on that policy rested on different principles which became expressed, particularly in the case of El Salvador, in pressures for the respect of human rights,

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Kukreja, Veena. "Parliamentary Democracy in South Asia: A Regional Comparative Perspective." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 2 (1986): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200205.

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India is the most populous democracy and largest developing country with a democratic system. It is interesting to note that India, surrounded by non-democratic regimes in the region, belongs to a small group of developing countries, such as Malaysia, Sri Lanka (highly questionable in the wake of the recent Tamil crisis), and some Caribbean countries where parliamentary democracy has so far been successful. Most of the Third World part of the globe is dominated by military regimes or civil-military coalitions. This is what happened in a number of young nations of Asia and Africa which having a

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Parashar, Swati. "Discursive (in)securities and postcolonial anxiety: Enabling excessive militarism in India." Security Dialogue 49, no. 1-2 (2018): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617746527.

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This article queries the intimate relationship between militarism and the state, which is seen as the by-product of ‘postcolonial anxiety’ (Krishna, 1999) related to the survival of the nation-state in the Third World. This anxiety enables militarism at various levels of governance and state interventions in the everyday lives of the citizenry. The article engages with the historical trajectory of the Indian state to argue that its ‘postcolonial anxiety’ engenders militarism not in the immediate aftermath of independence from colonial rule, as in other postcolonial states, but as an anomaly si

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Chung, Tai-uk. "Rawls' Theory of War and Nuclear Weapons: A Comparison with International Law." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 39, no. 3 (2023): 159–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2023.39.3.159.

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This article tries to examine John Rawls’ theories of war and nuclear weapons especially from the perspective of international law. Rawls's theory of war is based on the just war theory of Western tradition. It rejects realism and does not adopt pacifism. Rawls's theory of jus ad bellum is similar to the position of current international law in that it recognizes a war of self-defense and exceptionally a war of humanitarian intervention. HIs theory of jus in bello largely reflects the principles of existing International Humanitarian Law(IHL), such as the distinction between combatants and civ

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Cicek, Sureyya Nur. "De-coding Neo-jihadism." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2018): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v3i1.79.

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The current jihad movement – “neo-jihadism” – seems to be more a product of modern conditions than Islamic traditions. This article focusses on the ideological and psychological factors to argue three points as to why the jihad concept has changed over time and adopted a military endeavour. First, the article discusses the ideological challenges – internal and external factors that contribute to this shift of conception. Second, the article explores the psychological factors that impact this shift of conception. It approaches the discourse around the definition of terrorism and its implication

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Hassan, Luma Mutter. "Global and Local Challenges Facing Syria and Russia in the Light of the Resolution of the Syrian Crisis." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 15, no. 4 (2023): 790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.413.

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Since the outbreak of the Syrian uprising in March, 2013, the United States of America and the European Union have exerted various pressures on the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad’s regime to step him down from power, but all their efforts were in vain due to the supporting stance of both Russia and China to al-Assad through the use of veto power to block several international resolutions. The significance of the current paper lies in the fact it tackles those challenges facing Arab region, particularly Syria, in addition to the Russian position supporting Syria. The aim of the present paper

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Knysh, V. V. "The main approaches to solving the latest international and interstate armed conflicts." Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 60 (September 15, 2022): 226–35. https://doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.60.226-235.

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The development of international relations leads to a new interpretation of certain categories and concepts in international law. However, despite such changes, the fundamental goal of the functioning of international law is to ensure peace on all continents, economic development of states and stable international cooperation. Even the most complex processes in interstate relations must be achieved thanks to regulation according to the principles of international law, the violation of which by one of the states can cause the destabilization of international relations. Timely recourse to mechan

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Helms, Christian, Florian Wertenauer, Kai-Uwe Spaniol, Peter Lutz Zimmermann, and Gerd-Dieter Willmund. "Suicidal behavior in German military service members: An analysis of attempted- and completed suicides between 2010 and 2016." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256104.

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Studies identified service members of the United States (US) Armed Forces as a high-risk group for suicide. A significant increase in the suicide rate in the US Armed Forces was found in recent years. To date, there is no military suicide statistic available for the German Armed Forces. This study examined attempted and completed suicides in active service members of the German Armed Forces between 2010 and 2016 retrospectively, on the basis of archived personal and medical records in the central archives of the Medical Service of German Armed Forces. The primary goal was to establish a suicid

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Oztuna, Aybars. "An Analytical Study of the Evolving Role of Third-Party Mediators in International Conflicts: A Comparative Examination of Diplomatic Interventions." International Journal of Scientific Research in Humanities, Legal Studies & International Relations 8, no. 1 (2024): 155–72. https://doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijsrhlir.v8.i1.11.

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International wars frequently have intricated social, political, and economic undertones. In the process of bringing about peace and stability, third-party mediators are essential in promoting communication, negotiating ceasefires, and providing humanitarian assistance. The study seeks to discuss the complication of the role of third-party mediators in the Gaza War and analyses the role played by Egypt, United States of America, Qatar, the European Union and Jordan. These actors in the past engaged in brokering ceasefires, the delivery of humanitarian assistance and efforts at deescalating con

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Singichetti, Bhavna, Stephen W. Marshall, Katherine M. Breedlove, et al. "School-level determinants of incidence of sports-related concussion: Findings from the CARE Consortium." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284259.

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Objective Epidemiologic research on sports-related concussion (SRC) has focused on individual risk factors, with limited research on institutional risk factors and variability in concussion rates. Methods This study used data from 53,822 athletes-seasons collected at 30 United States sites (26 civilian institutions and 4 military service academies), from 2014/15 to 2018/19 academic years, by the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. School-level risk factors included competitive division (DI, DII, DIII), school type (military/civilian) and a Sport Risk Index (SRI; Low, Med

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Marsili, Marco. "Latin America: The Pitfalls of U.S.-Mirrored Presidential System in Banana Republics." Newsletter of the Academy of Yuste, no. 28 (June 26, 2023): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8083269.

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There is something in common between the countries located in the Western Hemisphere—and is not just the geographic position. Latin America boasts an impressive string of coups, compared to the stable democracy of its American neighbor. Recent events in Brazil after Lula was sworn in for a third term as president against incumbent Bolsonaro, reminded us of the assault on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, that disrupted a joint session of the Congress in the process of affirming the presidential election results which kicked Donald Trump out of the White House.&nbsp

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ZIMMERMAN, ANDREW. "CULTURE, PSYCHE AND STATE POWER." Modern Intellectual History 12, no. 2 (2014): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000456.

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The discipline of anthropology has perhaps always been especially close to the exercise of state power, but, in the last two-thirds of the twentieth century, the nature of both anthropology and state power changed dramatically. This was a period when many anthropologists distanced themselves from earlier evolutionist accounts that traced a generalized human development from “primitive” to “civilized.” This evolutionist anthropology, as many scholars have shown, reflected and justified a range of imperialist practices by presenting European conquest as bringing progress to societies existing in

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Pojednic, Rachele, Amy Welch, Margaret Thornton, et al. "Intensive, Real-Time Data Collection of Psychological and Physiological Stress During a 96-Hour Field Training Exercise at a Senior Military College: Feasibility and Acceptability Cohort Study." JMIR Formative Research 8 (October 18, 2024): e60925. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/60925.

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Background Poor physical fitness, stress, and fatigue are factors impacting military readiness, national security, and economic burden for the United States Department of Defense. Improved accuracy of wearable biosensors and remote field biologic sample collection strategies could make critical contributions to understanding how physical readiness and occupational stressors result in on-the-job and environment-related injury, sleep impairments, diagnosis of mental health disorders, and reductions in performance in war-fighters. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accepta

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Stykalin, Alexander. "The discussion of the “Hungarian Question” in the UN and the problem of Hungary’s Exit from the political isolation, 1957–1963." Slavic Almanac 2023, no. 1-2 (2023): 100–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2023.1-2.1.06.

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The most powerful uprising in Budapest on October 23, 1956, which immediately threatened the existence of the communist regime in Hungary, and the entry of Soviet troops in order to suppress it caused a wide international resonance, which on October 28 led to the discussions on the Hungarian question at the UN Security Council, and later, in November, at the UN General Assembly. In November, as tensions in the Middle East following the British, French, and Israeli attacks on Egypt, which had nationalized the Suez Canal, eased, discussions of the situation in Hungary came to the fore at the UN.

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Fahmy, Walid. "Does Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Make Difference to Civilians?: An Analytical and Evaluation Study." Economics, Law and Policy 3, no. 1 (2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v3n1p1.

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In 2001, the International Commission on Intervention and State sovereignty (ICISS) proposed rethinking on sovereignty through the prism of a new concept: the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P). Several years after, its message has been achieved? This is answer to this question that, in the aftermath of the Arab spring, at the end of an intervention that is controversial in Libya and in the face of the Syrian drama, we decided to make an evaluation, by analyzing this doctrine. From details of methodological of the purpose of this article, the review of the legal framework of the “Responsibility

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Novikov, Mikhail V. "Soviet Aid to the Spanish Republic in 1936–1939: Modern Conservative Versions." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/16.

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The subject of the study is some modern conservative versions of the history of the Soviet Union’s military assistance to the Spanish Republic in 1936–1939. The aim of the article is to attempt a critical analysis of the new and revived versions of the motives of Soviet intervention in the Spanish conflict, of the involvement of the Soviet leadership in large-scale terror against civilians in the republican zone, of the degree of influence of the Soviet leadership and Soviet representatives in Spain on the governmental structure of the Spanish Republic, of the anti-fascist character of the war

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Keddem, Shimrit, Marissa Maier, Carolyn Gardella, et al. "1353. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing and Case Rates Among Women Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S763—S764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1545.

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Abstract Background United States (US) rates of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, especially gonorrhea and chlamydia, have increased over the past decade. Women Veterans have many risk factors associated with STIs, including high rates of childhood sexual assault, military sexual trauma and intimate partner violence. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic tests and evidence-based guidelines for annual screening among sexually active women under age 25, screening rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia remain low in the US and among Veterans. Methods We performed a retrospectiv

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Zarkadis, Nicholas J., Nicholas A. Kusnezov, EStephan J. Garcia, Mark P. Pallis, and Brian R. Waterman. "Return to Preoperative Function After Autologous Cartilage Implantation of the Knee in Active Military Servicemembers." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 5 (2017): 232596711770605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117706057.

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Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been shown to provide adequate durability, pain relief, and improved long-term functional outcomes in the average patient, but proof of its efficacy in individuals with greater than average physical demands is scarce. Further knowledge is required to understand which patients may benefit from ACI and to identify which risk factors are associated with failure to return to the preinjury activity level. Purpose: To determine the occupational outcomes, rates of reoperation, and variables predictive of suboptimal outcomes after ACI. Study De

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Coates, Heather L. "Critical Thinking Exercises in the Classroom are Helpful but not Sufficient for Improving Critical Thinking Test Scores." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 2 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84k64.

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A Review of: Wallace, E. D., & Jefferson, R. N. (2013). Developing Critical Thinking Skills For Information Seeking Success. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 19(3): 246-255.  Objective – To determine whether a series of workbook exercises contributed to improved critical thinking test scores.  Design – Post-test design with a quasi-experimental control group.  Setting – Military college in the United States of America.  Subjects – 76 undergraduates enrolled in a required freshman orientation seminar.  Methods – Approxim

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