Relevant bibliographies by topics / Military spending – European Union countries

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Military spending – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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El-Naser, Asmaa, Gheorghița Dincă, and Marius Sorin Dincă. "Investigating the Determinants of Public Debt Sustainability for European Union Countries." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 72, no. 1 (2025): 21–40. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2025-0001.

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This study investigates the determinants of public debt sustainability in the European Union (EU) countries, focusing on the combined effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine conflict. Utilizing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for the 2000-2022 period to address the endogeneity and heterogeneity aspects, the research incorporates various factors, such as military and healthcare expenditures, private debt, and political stability to provide a comprehensive analysis of public debt dynamics. The findings revealed that lagged debt has a significant positive impact on current public
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Iuga, Iulia-Cristina, and Adela Socol. "Defending the nation, securing the economy." E+M Ekonomie a Management 26, no. 4 (2023): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2023-4-002.

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Literature on the effects of military expenses and GDP is mixed, although a significant body of research supports the hypothesis that military expenses positively impact GDP. To contribute to the literature, this article analyses whether military expenditures influenced GDP in 27 European Union member countries from 1998 to 2021 by studying two clusters specific to the analysed countries: NATO and non-NATO countries. The way in which military expenditures affect GDP has been analysed using both the classic static models for panel data (pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, feasible genera
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Anatolii Dykyi, Tetiana Baranovska, Olena Dyka, Tetyana Trosteniuk, and Katerina Naumchuk. "Prospects for Development of the Defense Sector of Central and Eastern Europe in the Conditions of Russian Aggression." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 31, no. 4 (2025): 769–79. https://doi.org/10.63278/1512.

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The scientific article identifies the prospects for the development of the defense sector of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of Russian aggression. In particular, it is noted that the war in Ukraine has become a catalyst for the search by European countries that have struggled with balancing military power and the social security system. It is emphasized that the policy of upholding common security interests, intensive interaction of allied countries, strengthen the positions of all parties, strengthen the basis for bilateral and multilateral relations, and increase
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Kramnik, I., P. Timofeev, and M. Khorolskaya. "Implications of the Ukrainian crisis for the EU defense sector: cases of Germany and France." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2024): 224–40. https://doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2024-2-224-240.

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The article deals with implications of the conflict in Ukraine for the defense sector in two leading states of the European Union – Germany and France – in 2022–2024. The authors explore the evolution of defense sector at three levels: strategic, economic (budgets and armed forces modernization), and industrial (development of military production). It is shown that while Germany and France partially borrow the experience of military operations in Ukraine, it does not lead to comprehensive transformation of their armies and transition to a “war economy”. The analysis of the German and French mi
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Tkachyk, Fedir. "CORRELATIONAL MONITORING OF FISCAL FEDERALISM IN THE CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Economic Analysis, no. 32(2) (2022): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.02.261.

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Introduction. Modern pandemic threats, military-political tensions and conflicts, foreign economic risks, trade wars, financial imbalances encourage the EU countries to group and agglomerate financial potentials in the vertical and horizontal planes. There is a need to study the paradox of what role in this agglomeration is played by the mastery of using the principles of fiscal federalism, tested by a number of both unitary states and federal republics of the European continent. The purpose of the article is to monitor the main determinants of fiscal federalism in increasing the financial pot
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Shemakhina, I. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES: CONTRADICTORY TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF THE PRESENT." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 218 (2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2022/218-1/7.

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The article analyses the social and economic development of 14 post-socialist countries from 2001 to 2020. By assessing their clustering, a conclusion was made about the contradictory combination of two evolution tendencies of these countries: simultaneous deployment of processes of divergence, asymmetry of their social and economic development and deployment of convergence processes, and formation of separate clusters of the specified countries. In particular, the European Union member states, such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Czech Rep
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Todorov, Ihor. "Hungarian and Slovak national security vision in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war." Wschód Europy Studia humanistyczno-społeczne 10, no. 1 (2024): 165–75. https://doi.org/10.17951/we.2024.10.1.165-175.

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Under the conditions of active Russian aggression against Ukraine, the countries of Central Europe, in particular Slovakia and Hungary, are defining strategies to strengthen their national security. As members of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, they must consider the Russian threat and seek joint responses. The security strategies of Slovakia and Hungary during the Russian invasion of Ukraine are examined. The modern foundations of the national security policies of both countries and their reactions to Russia's invasion of Ukraine are analyzed. Since the start of
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Rafalskyi, Oleh. "Shaping a New World Order: Regional Imperatives and Challenges." Political Studies, no. 1 (9) (July 1, 2025): 7–37. https://doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2025-1-1.

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The article analyses the discourse of the formation of a new world order in the context of analysing the viewpoints of researchers and experts of different generations on this issue, and on the basis of a thorough assessment of information content about the essence of global changes today. It is established that, despite the efforts made by the Global North to preserve global stability, the world is increasingly facing manifestations of chaos at various levels. The main reason for this condition is the crisis of global democracy and liberal values associated with the weakening influence of the
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Beainy, Richard Hanna, and Cesar Antoine Kamel. "Finance for Life Instead of Death." Migration Letters 20, no. 6 (2023): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i6.4882.

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The pursuit of a world free from hunger and poverty has been a long-standing challenge on the global stage, and a Goal for many esteemed publication sites and scholars. This research endeavor conducted by financial experts, guided by a comprehensive analysis of data from prestigious institutions such as The United States Government, European Union, International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, United Nations, and the World Nuclear Association, seeks to shed light on critical aspects of this multifaceted issue.
 Our study begins by critically examining the prevailing notion that advanced na
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Aleshin, A. "PESCO and NATO Defence Projects: Coordination or Competition?" Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-4-35-45.

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The EU’s PESCO projects and NATO’s High Visibility Projects are aimed at strengthening the defence capabilities of the member states of these two structures, creating new military technologies, jointly purchasing equipment and weapons, optimizing countries' defence spending and coordinating the transformation of their armed forces structures in accordance with collective interests. At the same time, the projects of the EU and NATO have different tasks that align with the foreign policy goals of these different in nature structures. Due to the participation of various states in each of them, pr
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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PFARR, Mag Dietmar. "Civilian control of armed forces : challenges for the European Union /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FPFARR.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Hans-Eberhard Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-56). Also available online.
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Vlachos-Dengler, Katia. "Carry that weight improving European strategic airlift capabilities /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2007. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD219/.

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Nováky, Niklas I. M. "The deployment of European Union military operations : a collective action perspective." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230696.

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The thesis works towards a new theoretically informed framework of analysis for understanding the deployment of military operations launched in the framework of the European Union's (EU) European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). This multi level collective action approach is based on the assumption that the deployment of those operations is a highly complex process that cuts across different policy making levels from the national to the international and involves multiple actors from within and outside the EU. As a result, the thesis argues that we cannot understand the reasons behind their
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Panagopoulos, Ilias. "Electronic warfare : a critical military and technological asset for the improvement of the Common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FPanagoloulos.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Wadsworth, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-144). Also available online.
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Sule, Attila. "The European Union in peace operations : limits of policy-making and military implementation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1061.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The 1992 European Union (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP, Maastricht Treaty) marked a turning point in the trans-Atlantic relationship. The Balkan conflicts and broader political changes in the 1990s compelled the EU to assume more responsibility in peace operations. The EU's 60,000 strong Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) is planned to be operational in 2003. Will the EU be able to conduct Petersberg-type peace operations? This thesis analyzes policy and military shortfalls of the Balkan peacekeeping effort. Questions about the l
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Gurkan, Seda. "The impact of the European Union on turkish foreign policy during the pre-accession process to the European Union, 1997-2005: à la carte Europeanisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209295.

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The dissertation is about the impact of the European Union (EU) on the foreign policy of a candidate in the pre-accession period. More specifically, the research analyses the factors and processes that intervene between the EU power to generate change in Turkish foreign policy and Turkish national compliance with the EU conditions between 1997 and 2005 by way of analysing three cases: Turkish foreign policy towards Cyprus issue, Greek-Turkish bilateral problems in the Aegean Sea; and Turkey’s stance vis-à-vis the launch of the ESDP. Main question the research addresses is “why does a candidate
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Grevi, Giovanni. "The common foreign, security and defence policy of the European Union: ever-closer cooperation, dynamics of regime deepening." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210673.

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“What is Europe's role in this changed world? Does Europe not, now that is finally unified, have a leading role to play in a new world order, that of a power able both to play a stabilising role worldwide and to point the way ahead for many countries and peoples?” These were two of the central questions put by the Laeken Declaration, adopted by the European Council in December 2001. The Declaration offered the beginning of an answer, pointing out the direction for future policy developments, and for the institutional reform underpinning them: “The role it has to play is that of a power resolut
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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union: political and strategic implications." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1526.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis analyzes adverse demographic trends in the European Union, including sub-replacement birthrates and increasing median ages. It investigates the implications of these trends for the EU's prospects for becoming a stronger and more influential actor in international affairs. Pressures arising from population trends in and near the EU could ultimately affect national and EU cohesion, governmental effectiveness, and social stability. Absent remedial measures, social programs in some EU countries will be unsustainable due to the m
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Papastathopoulos, Stavros. "Expanding the European Union's Petersberg tasks : requirements and capabilities /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPapastathopoulos.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available online.
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ELORANTA, Jari. "The demand for external security by domestic choices :military spending as an impure public good among eleven European states, 1920-1938." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5761.

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Defence date: 2 July 2002<br>Examining Board: Prof. Mark Harrison, University of Warwick (external supervisor); Prof. Riita Hjerppe, University of Helsinki; Prof. Alan Milward, European University Institute; Prof. Jaime Reis, University of Lisbon (supervisor)<br>First made available online on 11 April 2018<br>This thesis is the outcome of years of research on the complex aspects of military spending among various countries in the interwar period. It would not have been possible to complete this study without the help and encouragement of numerous individuals and organizations, although the ult
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Books on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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Martin, Trybus, and White N. D. 1961-, eds. European security law. Oxford University Press, 2007.

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James, Sperling, Wagnsson Charlotte, and Hallenberg Jan, eds. European security governance: The European Union in a Westphalian world. Routledge, 2009.

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Jolyon, Howorth, and Menon Anand 1965-, eds. The European Union and national defence policy. Routledge, 1997.

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Norheim-Martinsen, Per M. The European Union and military force: Government and strategy. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Toje, Asle. The European Union as a small power: After the post-Cold War. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations, ed. Arms exports to the People's Republic of China by member states of the European Union: Joint hearing before the Committee on Armed Services meeting jointly with Committee on International Relations (serial no. 109-80), House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, hearing held April 14, 2005. U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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K, Bailes Alyson J., Herolf Gunilla, Sundelius Bengt, and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute., eds. The Nordic countries and the European security and defence policy. SIPRI, 2006.

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Meyer, Christopher O. The quest for a European strategic culture: Changing norms on security and defence in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Biscop, Sven. Europe, strategy and armed forces: The making of a distinctive power. Routledge, 2011.

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Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, and Isabela Atanasiu. European competition law annual 2005: The interaction between competition law and intellectual property law. Hart, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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Sédou, Laëtitia, Mark Akkerman, and Bram Vranken. "Militarisation of the European Union." In Military Spending and Global Security. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045823-6.

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Postuła, Marta, and Mariusz Lipski. "Efficiency of environmental taxes and of the EU countries' public spending on climate action." In Green Finance in the European Union. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003434689-3.

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Brosig, Magnus, and Karl Hinrichs. "The “Great Recession” and Pension Policy Change in European Countries." In International Impacts on Social Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_30.

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AbstractIn the wake of the “Great Recession” and its severe fiscal implications, many European countries enacted significant pension reforms aimed at reducing public spending and limiting contribution rates. Unlike most changes carried out before, they were implemented swiftly and without building a broad political and social consensus, usually being suggested or even mandated by inter- and supranational organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the European Union (EU). While some of these cuts were at least partly revoked during the following years of economic recovery, E
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Engelbrekt, Kjell. "The European Security Order." In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_9.

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AbstractThis chapter asks if the European security order will crumble, definitively, as a result of the full-scale war of aggression that the Russian Federation unleashed against Ukraine in late February 2022. The analysis begins with the historical emergence of a European security order in the aftermath of the Second World War, with NATO and a nascent EU at its core. It proceeds with an account of how the Kremlin directly challenged European security arrangements in recent years, as well as of how the EU, NATO, and like-minded countries around the world responded to Russia’s aggression, first
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Baccianti, Claudio. "8. The Public Spending Needs of Reaching the EU’s Climate Targets." In Greening Europe. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0328.08.

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In Chapter 8, C. Baccianti argues that the 2020s are a crucial decade for steering the European Union towards climate neutrality and decreasing dependence on imported fossil fuels. In the period from 2021–2030, public expenditure on climate investment across the EU should increase by 1.8% of GDP (1.1% excluding investment in public transport) compared to the previous decade. The bottom-up analysis of the chapter reveals that almost three quarters of that spending will go to the construction and transport sectors. Filling such a significant public green investment gap will be challenging for EU
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Lake, Gordon. "The European Union’s Contribution to the R&TD Capacities of the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union." In Military R&D after the Cold War. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1730-9_11.

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Hallström, Pär. "The Ability of the EU to Extend Its Model of a Social Market Economy Beyond Its Borders." In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_6.

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AbstractThe illusion of firm borders and the ability of the European Union (EU), by actions or by its example, to convey its ideology to external actors is the issue of this chapter. At a time when the EU is confronted with the extreme expression of imperialistic political power in the form of the Russian military aggression towards the EU’s associate partner, Ukraine, the EU ideology of rule of law, democracy and social market economy is simultaneously challenged by the new pluralism of international relations, where the nondemocratic countries increasingly outnumber those sharing the EU qual
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Buzzacchi, Camilla. "La solidarietà finanziaria nel contesto dell'Unione europea." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.05.

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The governance of financial resources in a solidaristic key characterises, in the present age, the national systems of European countries, but it is legitimate to ask whether the same is true at the level of the European Union system. The question must be approached with attention to the two sides of the financial phenomenon: that of revenue and that of expenditure. For both profiles, therefore, it is of interest to investigate the presence of solidaristic elements, starting from the assumption of the profound diversity between systems and therefore taking into account the possibility that the
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"African Debtors to the Former Soviet Union (as of December 1991)." In Military Spending in Developing Countries. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773583092-014.

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Pestieau, Pierre. "Social spending." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0003.

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Abstract There is a great diversity among welfare states in the EU. As different systems have developed within the national context mostly after 1945, it is difficult to generalize about a ‘European model’ of the welfare state. This diversity—which is at the heart of this book—is reflected in the scale of expenditures for social protection systems, the division of expenditures among programs, the structure and design of benefits, the organization and the sources of financing. This chapter deals with the first two points. We first look at the level and structure of expenditures for the last yea
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Conference papers on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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Tashevska, Biljana, Marija Trpkova – Nestorovska, and Suzana Makreshanska – Mladenovska. "IS THERE A DOMINANCE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION EXPENDITURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION?" In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0003.

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European welfare states, with their comprehensive and generous welfare model, create the largest part of general government expenditures in the European Union member countries. Given the rising trend of social expenditure and the long-run challenges coming from population ageing, this paper addresses the issue of social dominance, a situation in which, particularly when facing limited fiscal space, social expenditure could crowd-out other productive public expenditures, thus undermining growth potentials and possibly threatening fiscal sustainability. Using a panel regression analysis, the aim
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Iliev, Andrej, Anita Ilieva Nikolovska, and Emilija Petrova. "HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF THE INTEGRATION IN NATO AND THE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.11.01.20.p30.

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The historical determination of the Republic of North Macedonia for integration into the collective systems, NATO and European Union is the highest national goal with strategic importance which lasts for about three decades. This paper aims to provide a detailed historical overview of our country's NATO integration path from becoming a part of Partnership for Peace to full membership of the Republic of North Macedonia in NATO, which will happen earliest at the forthcoming meeting of Foreign Affairs Ministers of NATO in Brussels on 02nd and 03rd April 2020. Besides analyzing the work of NATO do
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Štrangfeldová, Jana, and Daniela Mališová. "Disparity medzi krajinami Európskej únie v terciárnom vzdelávaní." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-4.

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As stated in the literature, the educational level of the population is a precursor to the economic growth of the country. However, the current problem is the leakage of highly qualified labour abroad due to insufficient job opportunities or weak financial rewards in the home country. The state's investment in tertiary education becomes irreversible. In this context, the aim of the paper is to identify whether there are disparities in the highly qualified workforce in terms of funding and numbers between the countries of the European Union. The subject of the research is public expenditure on
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Trpkova-Nestorovska, Marija. "VIABLE HEALTH FUNDING IN TIME OF DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0017.

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In the past several decades a new challenge has arisen, and it refers to the rapid demographic ageing of the population in developed and developing countries, quite opposite to the previous understanding of overpopulated planet. Increase in the older population brings its implications to different segments of the society, and the national health system and its funding is one of them. This paper tends to analyze if there is a relationship between the government health expenditure and the increase in the older population in fourteen countries from the European Union that are experiencing most in
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Medvețcaia, Aliona. "The role of ecological taxes in time of war and during the period of military conflicts." In Conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională "Integrare prin cercetare și inovare", dedicată Zilei Internaționale a Științei pentru Pace și Dezvoltare. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/spd2024j.97.

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War and taxes have always been closely related. Military conflicts require significant financial resources, leading to changes in fiscal policy. Introducing new taxes and increasing existing taxes are necessary measures to finance the war effort. In the context of war, the impact of environmental taxation becomes even more complex, given the devastating environmental consequences and the need to finance military spending. After the end of the Second World War, many European countries were faced with the need to restore natural resources, which led to the introduction of environmental taxes. En
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Vizjak, Maja, Marina Peric Kaselj, and Katica Jurcevic. "THE COVID PANDEMIC AND THE ECONOMIC MIGRATION OF DOCTORS THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC CROATIA." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s13.115.

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Human capital is the primary driver of change in the modern knowledge society. The migration of healthcare workers is a "brain drain" of highly qualified individuals. Healthcare workers are currently among the most sought-after and mobile occupations in the EU. The global trend of open borders and free movement of goods, people and capital is an important determinant of growth and development, which developed countries have already recognized at the expense of less developed ones. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the volume of migration, which is not insignificant, and t
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Olak, Antoni, Bożena Konecka-Szydełko, and Jerzy Michno. "The Importance of Stabilization Peacekeeping Missions as an Entity of the Security System in Europe and in the World – Outline of the Issues." In Národná a medzinárodná bezpečnosť. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/nmb.c.2023.9788080406516.294-299.

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Nowadays, international relations are characterized by the presence of many conflicts and contradictions between or within countries, which pose a threat to international peace and security. This leads to the emergence of a form of global international cooperation called "peacekeeping". One of the main tools for resolving conflicts is the use of armed force in the form of international peacekeeping missions. The UN plays a key role in this area, as well as other regional and international organizations such as NATO, the European Union, and the African Union. Primary responsibility for maintain
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Moroz, Oleg. "Justification of public administration reform in Ukraine on the way of European integration after the end of the war." In The 5th Economic International Conference “Competitiveness and sustainable development“. Technical University of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2023.03.

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The purpose of the publication is to determine the ways and components of the process of ensuring effective and efficient reform of the state administration of Ukraine as a whole and its administrative-territorial system, in particular, on the way to European integration of the country after the end of military operations on its territory. The relevance of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the desire of the people of Ukraine for its entry into the community of European countries, and, on the other hand, by the need for a certain reform of state management in accordance with the cond
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OPOLOVNIKOVA, M. V., and I. V. KOKURINA. "REPRESANTATION OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI WAR IN THE GERMAN-LANGUAGE CARTOON." In СЛОВО, ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ, ТЕКСТ В КОГНИТИВНОМ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727119631_82.

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The article is devoted to a German-language cartoon covering the events of the Middle East conflict. A group of cartoons is chosen in which the direct participants in the military confrontation, as well as third countries, act as the object of evaluation. The authors conclude that the cartoonists evaluate pejorative the actions of Israel and Hamas, without giving preference to either side and expressing sympathy for the civilian population of both regiones. It is stated that the axiological vector of cartoons dedicated to third countries is evident and exposes them as the true stirrer-up of th
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Buciunas, Gediminas, Mykola Lakhyzha, and Oleh Didenko. "Environmental and economic losses of the agricultural sector of Ukraine as a result of Russian aggression." In 25th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2024”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2024.58.036.

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The article presents the results of a study of economic and environmental losses of Ukraine's agricultural sector as the result of Russian aggression. It is noted that a significant part of environmental issues in Ukraine are the result of global processes (warming, biodiversity loss, pollution, overpopulation and urbanization, harmful effects of heavy industry), also, of the Soviet era energy and resource-intensive economy, consequences of the Chornobyl accident (radioactive contamination), degradation of agricultural land, military infrastructure, etc. After gaining independence these proble
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Reports on the topic "Military spending – European Union countries"

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Tian, Nan, Diego Lopes da Silva, Xiao Liang, Lorenzo Scarazzato, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, and Ana Assis. Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/pnvp2622.

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World military expenditure rose by 3.7 per cent in real terms in 2022, to reach a record high of $2240 billion. Global spending grew by 19 per cent over the decade 2013–22 and has risen every year since 2015. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was a major driver of the growth in spending in 2022. Military expenditure in Europe rose by 13 per cent during the year, which was the largest annual increase in total European spending in the post-cold war era. The exceptional growth was largely accounted for by substantial increases in Russian and Ukrainian spending, but many other European countries booste
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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeepi
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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.

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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing cli
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Barradas, Ricardo. Why does the nexus between finance and inequality break in times of financialization? Empirical evidence for the European Union countries. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2023.01.

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The majority of policy makers in developed countries have, since the 1970s and 1980s, put in place a strong process for the liberalization, deregulation and privatization of the financial system, particularly persuaded by the mainstream assumption that this represents the best strategy to sustain the growth of finance, enhance economic growth and lessen inequality. Nonetheless, economic growth has been quite anaemic in the majority of developed countries, and inequality has continued to widen in the last four decades, which feeds non-mainstream beliefs regarding the disruptive role played by t
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Sus, Monika, Cornelius Adebah, and Angel Saz-Carranza. 10 Recommendations to Make the European Union a Stronger Global Actor. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56269/202406/ms.

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Following the European Parliament elections in June, a new EU leadership will take the helm to navigate the Union through an array of significant challenges. The EU faces an unprecedented combination of external threats: Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the growing influences of Russia and China in the EU’s neighbourhood; the repercussions of the Israel-Gaza war; the Union’s economic, energy, and military dependencies and exposure to climate change; the rise of right-wing authoritarianism across many countries in Europe and its neighbourhood; and the uncertainty of the United States
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Maletta, Giovanna, and Lauriane Héau. Funding Arms Transfers through the European Peace Facility: Preventing Risks of Diversion and Misuse. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/oelz9733.

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Since it was established in March 2021, the European Peace Facility (EPF) has become the main source of funding for European Union (EU) external actions in the field of crisis management and conflict prevention with defence and military implications. These include initiatives such as EU military missions, support to military peace operations led by other actors and assistance to strengthen third states’ military capacities. In addition, through the EPF, EU security assistance can also fund, for the first time, the supply of lethal military equipment and, thus, weapons. Arms transfers to countr
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Müller, Gustavo, Maria Martins, Meltem Muftuler-Bac, et al. Experiences of Joined-Up Security, Defence and Intelligence Policies: Drawing Lessons from Multi-Layer Governance Systems. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56269/202302gm.

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This working paper examines cases of non-EU countries with complex governance structures that, like the European Union, have difficulties coordinating their joined-up policies in the areas of security, intelligence and defence. Its first part discusses the challenges of joined-up action for the European Union's external action, with a focus on coherence. The second part analyses cases of policy responses in Brazil, the United States and Turkey. It describes and discusses how these countries’ governments deal with coordination and implementation problems in the areas of migration management (Br
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Sabatino, Ester, Alexander Mesarovich, Arto Väisänen, Gaspard Schnitzler, and Federio Santopinto. Case Studies of the EU’s CSDP Activity. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56269/202303es.

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Civilian and military missions and operations represent one of the main activities of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). In twenty years of deployment abroad, the European Union (EU) has engaged in 40 deployments in Europe, Africa and Asia. Thus, CSDP is one relevant tool for the external action of the EU. This paper evaluates CSDP missions and operations in Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Mali. The pool of selected case studies includes missions and operations that represented institutional firsts, such as the EU Police Mission (EUPM) i
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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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