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Journal articles on the topic 'Military spending – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

El-Naser, Asmaa, Gheorghița Dincă, and Marius Sorin Dincă. "Investigating the Determinants of Public Debt Sustainability for European Union Countries." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 72, no. 1 (2025): 21–40. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2025-0001.

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This study investigates the determinants of public debt sustainability in the European Union (EU) countries, focusing on the combined effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine conflict. Utilizing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for the 2000-2022 period to address the endogeneity and heterogeneity aspects, the research incorporates various factors, such as military and healthcare expenditures, private debt, and political stability to provide a comprehensive analysis of public debt dynamics. The findings revealed that lagged debt has a significant positive impact on current public

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Iuga, Iulia-Cristina, and Adela Socol. "Defending the nation, securing the economy." E+M Ekonomie a Management 26, no. 4 (2023): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2023-4-002.

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Literature on the effects of military expenses and GDP is mixed, although a significant body of research supports the hypothesis that military expenses positively impact GDP. To contribute to the literature, this article analyses whether military expenditures influenced GDP in 27 European Union member countries from 1998 to 2021 by studying two clusters specific to the analysed countries: NATO and non-NATO countries. The way in which military expenditures affect GDP has been analysed using both the classic static models for panel data (pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, feasible genera

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Anatolii Dykyi, Tetiana Baranovska, Olena Dyka, Tetyana Trosteniuk, and Katerina Naumchuk. "Prospects for Development of the Defense Sector of Central and Eastern Europe in the Conditions of Russian Aggression." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 31, no. 4 (2025): 769–79. https://doi.org/10.63278/1512.

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The scientific article identifies the prospects for the development of the defense sector of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of Russian aggression. In particular, it is noted that the war in Ukraine has become a catalyst for the search by European countries that have struggled with balancing military power and the social security system. It is emphasized that the policy of upholding common security interests, intensive interaction of allied countries, strengthen the positions of all parties, strengthen the basis for bilateral and multilateral relations, and increase

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Kramnik, I., P. Timofeev, and M. Khorolskaya. "Implications of the Ukrainian crisis for the EU defense sector: cases of Germany and France." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2024): 224–40. https://doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2024-2-224-240.

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The article deals with implications of the conflict in Ukraine for the defense sector in two leading states of the European Union – Germany and France – in 2022–2024. The authors explore the evolution of defense sector at three levels: strategic, economic (budgets and armed forces modernization), and industrial (development of military production). It is shown that while Germany and France partially borrow the experience of military operations in Ukraine, it does not lead to comprehensive transformation of their armies and transition to a “war economy”. The analysis of the German and French mi

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Tkachyk, Fedir. "CORRELATIONAL MONITORING OF FISCAL FEDERALISM IN THE CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Economic Analysis, no. 32(2) (2022): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.02.261.

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Introduction. Modern pandemic threats, military-political tensions and conflicts, foreign economic risks, trade wars, financial imbalances encourage the EU countries to group and agglomerate financial potentials in the vertical and horizontal planes. There is a need to study the paradox of what role in this agglomeration is played by the mastery of using the principles of fiscal federalism, tested by a number of both unitary states and federal republics of the European continent. The purpose of the article is to monitor the main determinants of fiscal federalism in increasing the financial pot

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Shemakhina, I. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES: CONTRADICTORY TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF THE PRESENT." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 218 (2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2022/218-1/7.

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The article analyses the social and economic development of 14 post-socialist countries from 2001 to 2020. By assessing their clustering, a conclusion was made about the contradictory combination of two evolution tendencies of these countries: simultaneous deployment of processes of divergence, asymmetry of their social and economic development and deployment of convergence processes, and formation of separate clusters of the specified countries. In particular, the European Union member states, such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Czech Rep

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Todorov, Ihor. "Hungarian and Slovak national security vision in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war." Wschód Europy Studia humanistyczno-społeczne 10, no. 1 (2024): 165–75. https://doi.org/10.17951/we.2024.10.1.165-175.

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Under the conditions of active Russian aggression against Ukraine, the countries of Central Europe, in particular Slovakia and Hungary, are defining strategies to strengthen their national security. As members of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, they must consider the Russian threat and seek joint responses. The security strategies of Slovakia and Hungary during the Russian invasion of Ukraine are examined. The modern foundations of the national security policies of both countries and their reactions to Russia's invasion of Ukraine are analyzed. Since the start of

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Rafalskyi, Oleh. "Shaping a New World Order: Regional Imperatives and Challenges." Political Studies, no. 1 (9) (July 1, 2025): 7–37. https://doi.org/10.53317/2786-4774-2025-1-1.

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The article analyses the discourse of the formation of a new world order in the context of analysing the viewpoints of researchers and experts of different generations on this issue, and on the basis of a thorough assessment of information content about the essence of global changes today. It is established that, despite the efforts made by the Global North to preserve global stability, the world is increasingly facing manifestations of chaos at various levels. The main reason for this condition is the crisis of global democracy and liberal values associated with the weakening influence of the

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9

Beainy, Richard Hanna, and Cesar Antoine Kamel. "Finance for Life Instead of Death." Migration Letters 20, no. 6 (2023): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i6.4882.

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The pursuit of a world free from hunger and poverty has been a long-standing challenge on the global stage, and a Goal for many esteemed publication sites and scholars. This research endeavor conducted by financial experts, guided by a comprehensive analysis of data from prestigious institutions such as The United States Government, European Union, International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, United Nations, and the World Nuclear Association, seeks to shed light on critical aspects of this multifaceted issue. Our study begins by critically examining the prevailing notion that advanced na

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10

Aleshin, A. "PESCO and NATO Defence Projects: Coordination or Competition?" Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-4-35-45.

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The EU’s PESCO projects and NATO’s High Visibility Projects are aimed at strengthening the defence capabilities of the member states of these two structures, creating new military technologies, jointly purchasing equipment and weapons, optimizing countries' defence spending and coordinating the transformation of their armed forces structures in accordance with collective interests. At the same time, the projects of the EU and NATO have different tasks that align with the foreign policy goals of these different in nature structures. Due to the participation of various states in each of them, pr

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11

Caruso, Raul, and Marco Di Domizio. "The Impact of US Military Spending on Public Debt in Europe (1992–2013): A Note." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 21, no. 4 (2015): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2015-0040.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the US military spending and public debt in a panel of European countries in the period 1992–2013. Under the established evidence of the interdependence between US and European military spending, we exploited a dynamic panel estimation. Findings show that the debt of European countries is: (1) positively associated with US military spending; (2) negatively associated with average military burden of other European countries.

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Matis, Jozef, and Lenka Nagyová. "Possible Integration of the Security System of the Member Countries of the European Union." Politické vedy 25, no. 3 (2022): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2022.25.3.110-126.

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The processes of globalization and postmodernism are important determinants of the integration of the European Union countries in the field of ensuring security. Ensuring security of the European Union countries requires the creation of an integrated security system of these countries. This study is concerned with the theoretical analysis of an important factor - disponible (available) groups - in ensuring security of the European Union. These groups were defined as professional or volunteer response forces of a military, paramilitary and non-military nature.Two possible ways of integrating na

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Dudzevičiūtė, Gitana, and Vida Česnuitytė. "Military expenditure and income inequality in European NATO Member States." Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review 22, no. 1 (2024): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2024.22.1.

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The purpose of this investigation was to empirically assess the association between military expenditure and income inequality in the 19 European member states of NATO between 2011 and 2022. To achieve this, the authors carried out multivariate statistical analysis using Kaplan-Meier life tables and survival estimation techniques. The results highlighted a trend in the countries analysed that income inequality tended to decrease when investment in the military increased during the period under consideration. The association manifested itself in the shortest time in the group of countries with

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Constantinescu, Maria. "Defense Resources Implications of the Conflict in Ukraine on European Countries." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 30, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2024-0030.

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Abstract The conflict in Ukraine has determined significant shifts in European defence and security paradigms. This paper focuses on the European Union (EU) has reacted to the crisis on its borders, examining the evolution of EU defence spending, procurement policies, and cooperation agreements in the wake of the conflict, analysing the impact on both individual member states and collective EU initiatives. The aim of this paper is to examine how the conflict in Ukraine influenced the European Union countries in terms of defence spending and defence policies. The objectives of the paper consist

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Harantová, Petra. "Analýza aktuálnych trendov výdavkov na obranu v Európskej únii pod vplyvom konfliktu na Ukrajine." Vojenské reflexie 19, no. 1 (2024): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/vr.a.2024.1.55-66.

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The security situation in Europe changed dramatically after the military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. The unexpected return of the conflict to the European continent requires the adoption of measures in several areas, including an increase in defence funding. Sufficient defence abilities and capabilities are key for the member states of the European Union to be able to face current security challenges and threats. The European Union is asked to become a stronger and more reliable guarantor of security, which can also be achieved through the growth of defe

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Anlamassova, M. K., R. T. Japparova, and A. Zh Mukazhanova. "Soft power of European Union countries." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 145, no. 4 (2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-145-4-8-18.

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There are two main diplomatic strategies used by states in International Relations: hard power and soft power. Hard power uses the tools of military force or other coercive strategies to achieve the desired result. Soft power, on the other hand, tries to achieve the desired result with persuasive tactics. In short, hard power uses force, while soft power uses charm and attractiveness or makes the other party do what you want.These days, political scientists and other experts have begun to emphasize the increasing effectiveness of using a combination of hard and soft power, or smart power. In I

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17

Sáez, Marta Pascual, Santiago Álvarez-García, and Daniela Castañeda Rodríguez. "Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries: New evidence." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 36, no. 36 (2017): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2017-0020.

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AbstractThis paper provides new evidence of the impact of government spending on economic growth in the European Union countries. Governments can adjust their levels of spending in order to influence their economies, although the relationship between these variables can be positive or negative, depending on the countries included in the sample, the period of estimation and the variables which reflect the size of the public sector. The results obtained based on regression and panel techniques suggest that government expenditure is not clearly related with economic growth in the European Union c

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Sarbash, S. "MILITARY CONFLICTS AND THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 13, no. 26 (2023): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2023-13-26-90-96.

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The article explores modern trends in the development of the international security system in the context of the influence of military conflicts. It is proven that the intensification of uncertainty and tension in global confrontation affects the increase in military spending in countries worldwide. The features of acquiring international characteristics of modern conflicts are highlighted. Dynamic changes in contemporary military spending, factors influencing their dynamics are analysed. Regional peculiarities of shifts in the security environment and trends in military spending are identifie

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Wielechowski, Michał. "POLITICAL BUDGET CYCLES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – POST-COMMUNIST HERITAGE." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, no. 2 (2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.2.28.

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We test the hypothesis that post-communist history affect election cycles in the European Union countries. We show that pre-election fiscal manipulation increase total public spending per capita by 1.9% and three specific spending categories, i.e. general public services, public order and safety, and economic affairs in Central and Eastern Europe democracies with post-communist roots. At the same time we observe no significant spending deviations in remaining EU Member States, except expenditure linked to environmental protection. Our results indicate cross-country heterogeneity of political b

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Dudzevičiūtė, Gitana, Agnė Šimelytė, and Aušra Liučvaitienė. "Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 2 (2018): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2016-0365.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide more reliable estimates of the relationship between government spending and economic growth in the European Union (EU) during the period of 1995-2015. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of several different stages. In the first stage for an assessment of dynamics of government spending and economic growth indicators over two decades, descriptive statistics analysis was employed. Correlation analysis helped to identify the relationships between government expenditures (GEs) and economic growth. In the third stage, for modeling t

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Korac, Srdjan, and Aleksandra Bulatovic. "The emerging European defense market." Medjunarodni problemi 63, no. 1 (2011): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1101007k.

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The paper deals with prospects of the developing common EU defense procurement market and policy with a view to strengthening the defense identity of the European Union as well as to promoting its external profile and international role. Despite of the European Union?s overall GDP, the Union is not considered a serious military power. The EU processes of market integration and rationalization have bypassed European defense industries, which are fragmented and increasingly losing ground to their American and some Far East Asian competitors. This has prompted calls for introducing the supranatio

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22

Mylonidis, Nikolaos. "REVISITING THE NEXUS BETWEEN MILITARY SPENDING AND GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Defence and Peace Economics 19, no. 4 (2008): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690802164801.

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23

Franek, Sławomir. "Konsekwencje kryzysu COVID-19 dla finansów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w krajach UE." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 3(109) (2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.05.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the consequences of the pandemic crisis for the financial situation of the local government subsector in individual European Union countries. Research method – The research is based on comparative analysis of the dynamics and structure of such budget figures as budget revenue (including transfers), expenditure (including COFOG classification), budget balance and debt. The comparisons covered the local government subsector in the 27 countries of the European Union for the years 2019–2021. The source of data for analysis is the Eurostat databas

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Wojnicz, Luiza. "Definition and Typology of European Union Missions." Reality of Politics 10, no. 1 (2019): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201911.

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In view of the contemporary challenges and threats, European Union’s efforts in the area of civil and military capacity building are extremely important. As an international organization having a high impact on third countries, the European Union plays a key role in conflict prevention and crisis response. In external governance EU has two sectoral policies at its disposal: the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The CFSP is responsible for resolving conflicts and fostering international understanding using diplomacy and giving respect f

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Tikhova, VLADLENA V. "DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY AND POLITICAL COOPERATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (1945-1992)." Journal of Law and Administration 17, no. 1 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2021-1-58-3-12.

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Introduction. This paper analyzes the history of development of the European Union’s political and military cooperation. The author gives an in-depth review of the origins of the European integration, its reasons and key political figures who played the crucial role in this process. The author shows that the establishment of cooperation between West European countries right after 1945 dealt with projects that were not implemented. Much attention is paid to the activities of the Western European Union (WEU) that played a considerable role in shaping the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the

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Waszkiewicz, Grzegorz, and Balázs Taksás. "Military Spending Among European NATO Members. The Importance of Strategic Factors After 2014." Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 13, no. 1 (2023): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47459/jssi.2023.13.5.

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The Russian Federation, with its plans to regain influence over former Soviet bloc countries, currently constitutes the main military danger for the EU and NATO. Because the war is so close to the EU’s borders, European allies have every reason to increase army financing instead of fuelling a transatlantic disagreement about burden sharing. This article deals with the question of whether the high strategic threat posed by Russia has increased military spending among European allies and decreased free-riding practices after 2014. To analyse this problem, we applied Spearman’s Rank Correlation t

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Kherkhadze, Alim. "THE ROLE OF FORING DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN THE ECONOMY AND THEIR STIMULATION MECHANISM." Economic Profile 17, no. 2(24) (2022): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2022.24.03.

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In the era of globalization, the attraction of foreign investments has become an important factor in promoting the economic growth of countries. Investors are constantly looking for favorable conditions for investing their capital, which involves a combination of several important factors. The investor, who is focused on getting the maximum profit with the minimum cost, before making an investment decision, will study the investment environment of the host country, the proximity to large key markets, the barriers to entry from the host country to international markets, the availability of prod

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Yuriy., P. Bytiak, V. Yakoviyk Ivan, A. Getman Eugeniy, Y. Tragniuk Olesia, and S. Shestopal Sergey. "COOPERATION OF FORMER SOVIET UNION COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION." Revista Científica Orbis, Especial Internacional (año 14) (May 4, 2023): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7896892.

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This paper is focused on the development of conceptual approaches concerning the intensification of the military and political cooperation of eastern former Soviet Union countries and Ukraine with the European Union. The methodology of the research is based on the application of systematic research approaches to the analysis of the system of international relations. The analysis relates on the problems of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union. Our finding shows that Ukraine should decide on the possibility of creating an inter-state defense and security union "Intermarium&quo

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Hrubinko, A. "The Role of Great Britain in the Military-technical Cooperation of the Countries of European Union." Problems of World History, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-7-7.

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In the article the Great Britain’s contribution to the development of military-technical cooperation between the countries of the European Union is analyzed. It was found that the British leadership conducted ambiguous policies on military-technical cooperation (MTC) of the European integration. The desire to win the priority in the European MTC was combined with the provision of British companies the benefits of cooperation with American partners. British military-industrial complex became a rival of the military-industrial complex of the states of continental Europe. The position of Great Br

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Koroshchupov, V. O. "Aspects of the Development of European Defence Economical Cooperation in the PESCO Project." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 12 (December 13, 2024): 994–1008. https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2412-03.

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The article analyzes the development of the European project of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), defence and economic cooperation of the EU countries within the project, contradictions between the concept of a multi-speed Europe and the unanimity rule in the European defence policy. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that within the PESCO project, European countries are more focused on national military programs than on the agreed supranational priorities for the creation of weapons systems. However, recently, the implementation of some military programs w

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Rossi, Tommaso Maria. "European Union, Archives, Rights." Comma 2022, no. 1 (2022): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/coma.2022.17.

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European archives represent the historical memory of all member states of the European Union, and can also be considered “pillars of democracy.” Defending archives means defending the history and the rights of European citizens. The European Union has never actually issued general guidelines to regulate the management of historical archives produced by independent institutions of the various member countries. At present, there is only legislation for the historical archives of the European Union that are kept at the European University Institute in Florence. The lack of unified regulations rep

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Korepanov, B., and N. Levandovsky. "Transformation of the EU Sovereignty: Political, Economic and Military Aspects." Обозреватель–Observer, no. 6 (January 29, 2024): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/2074-2975_2023_6_58.

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The authors analyze the rethinking of the concept of «sovereignty» by the Western military and political elites and the prospects of transformation of the economy, political regimes and military construction of the European Union. The article considers the possibility of the renaissance of fascist ideology in Europe, as well as the prospects of military construction and mutual integration of the armed forces of European countries.

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Datsishina, Marina V. "USSR international cooperation in the field of armaments and publicity of military expenditures in the 1930s." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 9 (September 2023): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.09-23.118.

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The article shows that the international military cooperation of the USSR in the 1930s, relied on the historical Russian experience; not limited to Germany; cooperation was often initiated by foreign partners, not the Soviet side. New technologies were offered to the Soviet Union and at the same time they requested advice from Soviet specialists on various issues, including aviation medicine The expansion of military contacts contributed to the development of military linguistics. The USSR provided support to foreign countries that allowed the careless handling of weapons, and also participate

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Walczak, Renata, Marlena Piekut, Magdalena Kludacz-Alessandri, Biruta Sloka, Ligita Šimanskiene, and Tiiu Paas. "Health Care Spending Structures in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia Over the Years as Compared to Other EU Countries." Foundations of Management 10, no. 1 (2018): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0005.

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Abstract After joining the European Union in 2004, the post-communist countries have dramatically changed their structure of expenditure for medical services. The cause of this is legislative and ownership changes in the new economy. The study analyzed the expenditure on medical services in the European Union with a special focus on Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The European Union countries were divided into clusters using different methods, that is, Ward’s, Two Step and Centroid Clustering. In the paper, the structure and changes in health expenses were presented according to the typ

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MEZEI, Sebastian. "PREVENTION SAVES LIVES AND REDUCES HEALTH SPENDING." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, me 31 (2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(2)007.

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Maintaining a health system, at the highest level of performance and ensuring the health needs for the population, is a major challenge for all states. Health expenditures are constantly increasing, being influenced by technological progress in the field, innovative treatments or aging of the population in correlation with the existence of chronic diseases related to age. An important component in reducing health expenditure is prevention, medical conditions can be detected in the early stage, and their treatment requiring significantly lower costs compared to aggravated forms of the disease.

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Heller, Janusz, and Dorota Roman. "Pubic Spending and The Economic Growth Rate in The European Union Countries." Olsztyn Economic Journal 3, no. 2 (2008): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10021.008-0016-5.

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Sánchez, Angeles, and María Navarro. "Public Policies of Welfare State and Child Poverty in the European Union." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052725.

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Combating child poverty is desirable to ensure equality of opportunities across children, as well as fostering the sustainability of the societal well-being for future generations. This paper focuses on the study of child poverty in the 28 Member States of the European Union over the period 2008–2018. We analyse the relationship between child poverty and government social expenditure by controlling it with tax structure (ratio direct taxes over indirect taxes), economic growth and socio-demographic characteristics. For that, we rely on panel data methodology. This paper has verified that the e

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GUSEINOV, KAMRAN. "THE PERSPECTIVES OF MILITARY INTEGRATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Sociopolitical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-2-131-136.

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The purpose of the research. The article considers the perspectives of the military integration of the European Union countries in the spheres of security and defense. The author defines the purposes and prerequisites of the integration in these spheres. The strategic documents of the EU such as the Security Strategy of 2003, the Global Strategy of 2016 and the Strategic Compass of 2022 are examined in this article. The article reveals the main features of the EU strategic autonomy and examines the parameters of the EU strategic culture in the field of security and defense. The author assesses

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Heinecken, Lindy. "Military Unionism and the Management of Employee Relations within the Armed Forces: A Comparative Perspective." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 26, Issue 4 (2010): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2010025.

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Many find the prospect of military unions totally inimical to the nature and functioning of the armed forces. Yet, a number of countries allow some form of military unionism, while others vehemently resist any form of independent union based on the premise that this undermines discipline, cohesion, and loyalty. This article examines how four different countries – the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa, and Germany – have dealt with the issue of military unionism. The British Armed Forces, like many other English-speaking countries, have tended to approach employee relations from a typically

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Vroege, Bram. "Strategic Autonomy in Military Production: The EDF and the Constitutional Limits to EU Defence-Industrial Spending Power." European Foreign Affairs Review 28, Issue 4 (2023): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2023026.

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The European Defence Fund (EDF) has for the first time enabled the European Union (EU) to fund military equipment development in pursuit of its strategic autonomy. But the EDF was based on competences for supporting industrial and research competitiveness, and not on the Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defence Policy (CFSP/CSDP). Since EU legal acts must be based on the functionally most appropriate competence, this choice of legal basis raises questions. This article therefore analyses whether the EDF was correctly adopted under a non-CFSP/CSDP legal basis, and if so, h

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Tao, Ran, Oana Ramona Glonț, Zheng-Zheng Li, Oana Ramona Lobonț, and Adina Alexandra Guzun. "New Evidence for Romania Regarding Dynamic Causality between Military Expenditure and Sustainable Economic Growth." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125053.

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Military spending and sustainable economic development have been widely discussed in recent decades. Especially in Romania, the defense budget is valued at $4.8 billion, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.57%. It is also expected to reach $7.6 billion in 2023, according to a report by Strategic Defense Intelligence. There is no consensus in current research and less attention is paid to Eastern European countries. Considering the significant increase in military spending in Romania in recent years, as well as the occurrence of political events, this paper focuses on the dyn

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Karwowska, Justyna. "Public Funding of Education in the Visegrad Group Countries in 2011–2021." Foundations of Management 15, no. 1 (2023): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2023-0016.

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Abstract The purpose of the study is to identify the level of public spending on education in the Visegrad Group countries in 2011–2021. The source material was data from the European Statistical Office for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, collected in accordance with the International Classification of Government Functions (COFOG) based on the European System of National Accounts. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the above-mentioned countries, in the perspective of 10 years, Poland was the country that allocated the most funds to education, which also transl

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Izmailov, Oleksandr I. "The Current State of Trade and Economic Relations Between Ukraine and the European Union and the Impact of Military Hostilities on It." Business Inform 9, no. 560 (2024): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-9-19-27.

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The aim of the article is to study and analyze the current state of foreign economic activity of enterprises and determine the impact of the ongoing full-scale aggression on trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. Analysis, systematization and generalization of statistical data and the work of many scientists are carried out; the changes that have befallen the foreign economic structure of exports and imports of goods between Ukraine and the countries of the European Union are considered. The impact of military hostilities on the volume of producti

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Obernikhin, Evgeny A. "PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF SOVIET SOLDIERS WHO PERISHED DURING THE LIBERATION OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM NAZISM DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1944–1991): THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY." Historical Search 2, no. 2 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-2-69-77.

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Comprehensive studying the experience of state and military structures in preserving and care of military cemeteries and places of memory about the heroic actions of the Red Army outside Russia, is gaining more and more theoretical significance and practical value. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of the study dedicated to perpetuating the memory of Soviet soldiers who perished when liberating European countries from Nazism during the Great Patriotic War (chronology of events in 1944-1991). There are no special scientific works devoted to this topic that comprehensively

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KHAIRI, Amar, and Martin PETLACH. "NEED FOR DIGITALISATION TO PROVIDE SECURITY?" Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy) 23, no. 1 (2023): 024–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.024-048.

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This pioneering study endeavours to ascertain how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted on digitalisation in the European Union member states. The second objective is to elucidate the ties between digitalisation and security in terms of military spending, security threats, and the government effectiveness. Whilst using hierarchical clustering, it was detected that the era of pandemic had diversified the EU member states even more. The fixed-effect model confirmed that changes in digitalisation had been associated solely with government effectiveness.

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Müllner, Vojtěch, and Kamil Nečas. "The Impact of Public Budget Distortion on the Defence Capabilities of the New European Nato Member States." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 28, no. 2 (2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2022-0045.

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Abstract Armies’ capabilities are determined by their endowments of resources. The economic crisis that began in 2008 has distorted public budgets, which forced states to start cost-cutting policies. If we focus on the policy of new NATO member states, we can observe that public expenditure cuts affect defense budgets in different states in various ways. If we compare the defense capabilities of countries at the beginning of the economic crisis and ten years after the outbreak of the crisis, the reduction in defense spending is reflected in the loss of some defense capabilities due to the limi

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OROSZ, Ágnes, and Norbert SZIJÁRTÓ. "A MACRO-COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE STATE CONVERGENCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Management of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54989/msd-2021-0005.

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In this paper, we provide a macro-comparative assessment of welfare state convergence. Using the welfare state regime approach, the paper analyses the development of main welfare state indicators within in the enlarged European Union. In this study we capitalize on descriptive statistics and a single convergence analysis based on standard deviation in order to capture alterations in national welfare models of 26 European countries and among acknowledged welfare regimes. Our fundamental aim is to seize on long-term processes (convergence, divergence, or persistence), so we cover almost a two-de

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Chzhen, Yekaterina. "Unemployment, social protection spending and child poverty in the European Union during the Great Recession." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 2 (2016): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716676549.

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The 2008 financial crisis triggered the first contraction of the world economy in the post-war era. This article investigates the effect of the Great Recession on child poverty across the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland and studies the extent to which social protection spending may have softened the negative impact of the economic crisis on children. While the risks of child poverty are substantially higher in countries with higher rates of working-age unemployment, suggesting a significant impact of the Great Recession on household incomes via the labour market, the study finds evi

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Alonso, José M., Judith Clifton, and Daniel Díaz-Fuentes. "The impact of government outsourcing on public spending: Evidence from European Union countries." Journal of Policy Modeling 39, no. 2 (2017): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.01.007.

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Kutwa, Krzysztof, and Jakub Sawulski. "Does spending on social-welfare policies reduce poverty? An assessment of the European Union countries using impulse-response and efficiency methods." Optimum Economic Studies, no. 1(107) (2022): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.05.

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Purpose – An attempt to answer two questions: (i) does spending on social-welfare policies constitute a statistically-significant impulse for reducing poverty among various risk groups in the EU countries? And (ii) what is the level of efficiency of social spending when it comes to reducing various problems associated with poverty in the EU member states? Research method – Two research methods: Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used. Results – It is established that social-welfare policies in most of the EU countries create a sufficient impul

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