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Journal articles on the topic 'Military Tactics And Strategy'
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1
Trunov, P. "German Strategy and Tactics in Military-Political Sphere by 2020s." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 2 (2021): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.2.65.4.
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The article evaluates Germany`s position in military-political field achieved by the end of Angela Merkel`s era. The key dilemma for German establishment is to find a combination of the growing desire to strengthen positions in the world arena and restrictions as a result of historical responsibility for the outbreak of World War II. It determines FRG`s commitment to the principles of multilateralism and also strategic restraint (in the questions of combat and generally provocative usage of military tools). The paper issues the evolution of this elements of German foreign policy at the end of 2010-s. During the final period of Merkel`s era German establishment has faced the growing number of challenges for FRG`s leadership at the global, regional (Euro-Atlantic community) and internal levels. The article stresses the danger of further growth of «Alternative for Germany» positions for the retention of power by the elite. This danger stimulates the sharp intensification of FRG`s political and military activity by the beginning of the 2020s. Trumpism and Brexit determines the growing importance of deepening contacts with France, small and medium states in military-political sphere for Germany. The scientific paper explores the dynamics and the results of this process at the interstate (on the examples of focus partners) and regional levels. The author also issues German steps directed to the strengthening of positions in the key international structures in the security sphere. The paper explores plans of the build-up of the Bundeswehr for the longterm perspective, the features and «narrow places» of the Bundeswehr modern usage inside and outside the NATO zone of responsibility. The author pays special attention to the correlation between the staring growing of military potential and the restrictions in the Treaty of the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (1990). The paper concludes about key results and difficulties of the growing of German military-political positions in the world by the beginning of 2020s.
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V.K. KOPYTKO. "On the Correlation between Military Strategy, Operational Art, and Tactics." Military Thought 25, no. 001 (March 31, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/mth.46655751.
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Pejic, Igor. "Russian military hybrid operations in Ukraine: Adapting strategy and tactics to the contemporary structure of war." Medjunarodni problemi 71, no. 4 (2019): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1904423p.
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With the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, more than a decade old term of hybrid warfare was brought back to life. The frequent usage of the term "hybrid warfare" on a global scale inconsequentially produced an alteration of the term's true meaning. In an attempt to define a hybrid war various aspects of power are being added, sometimes by mistake, which can be employed in a military manner. This paper will explore the concept of hybrid warfare in Ukraine on the premises of Russian military operations and their method of employing military force in the next generation of warfare. The main research subject represents the study of operational and tactical components of the military-political happenings on Crimea and in the region of Donbas, as well as the study of the modern approach in the deployment and utilization of military forces in the next generation of warfare. The altered visage of modern warfare, affected by various socio-economic and technological changes, also demands certain adjustments to military strategy and tactics in terms of force employment and how these efforts correlate with geopolitical goals and the manner in which they are accomplished. In the paper, the author will use a variety of primary and secondary sources in order to set a comprehensive theoretical foundation that will help us with the ongoing analysis of the Ukrainian war and the role of Russian armed forces in it. The goal of this study is to grasp and explain the changed concept of military force as well as to call attention to the dynamic nature of military strategy, which is constantly adjusting itself to the volatile character of war. The main findings of this paper are focused on a partial displacement of the Klauzewitzian centre of gravity, from higher strategic levels towards lower operational and tactical levels of military organization, as well as the fact that the Russian armed forces have managed to successfully reinvent itself after numerous political and economic hardships that have ensued after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
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Parrott, David A. "Strategy and Tactics in the Thirty Years' War: The »Military Revolution«." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 38, no. 2 (December 1, 1985): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/mgzs.1985.38.2.7.
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Do, Thuy T. "“Firm in principles, flexible in strategy and tactics”." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 2, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057891116677350.
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Since 1991, Vietnam has adopted a dual strategic position towards China: it sees China as an indispensable economic and security partner and simultaneously it seeks to hedge against China’s possible territorial encroachment by gradually beefing up its military and cautiously forging strategic ties with other powers. The making of Vietnam’s current China policy is predominantly shaped by the interplay of two constants (geography and history) and two variables (China’s policy and changing big power relations). Among these factors, geography and history serve as the basis for understanding Vietnam’s hedging policy vis-a-vis China and explain why thus far Hanoi remains very reluctant to enter an alliance to counter China’s rise. While being firm on its independent policy, Vietnam has become more “flexible in strategy and tactics” in rebalancing itself from China’s orbit towards the West’s as the result of China’s increased assertiveness in the South China Sea disputes.
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KOZERAWSKI, Dariusz, and Piotr LOTARSKI. "INFLUENCE OF MIDDLE EAST ARMED CONFLICTS INTO BATTLEFIELD CHANGES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 159 (May 16, 2022): 87–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8557.
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Wars conducted in the Middle East after the WWII significantly affected the course of military strategy, and combat tactics, and military technology. Presented paper describes circumstances of local wars and military conflicts in the Middle East and their influence on development of warfare art and technology. The wars with Israel which were lost by the Arabic countries in 20th century affected development of military strategy and tactics of using the armoured weapons and air forces. They contributed significantly to development of the intelligence, and antiaircraft combat assets, and antitank weapons. In consecutive wars the Arabic countries were not able to coordinate military operations, what gave possibility for the Israel army to successively defeat armies of particular countries. Military conflicts between Israel and Hamas and Hezbollah, and suffered losses, caused the development of new revolutionary combat assets such as combat vehicles active self-defence systems (Trophy), or antimissile/antiaircraft systems (Irone Dome). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), drones, and precise weapons were widely used. Reconnaissance and military intelligence affected significantly the results of military operations. Palestinian and Lebanese organisations counterweighed the advantages of Israelian army by systems of fortifications, tunnels, and hidden fire positions. Israelian army implemented combat vehicles in urban area fights. They proved to be efficient what denied opinions about uselessness of armoured weapons at urban fights, or even the tanks in the 21st century. The war in Syria indicated the efficient use of combined combat tactics, conventional military operations, and guerrilla and terrorist methods and actions.The high morale represented by Hezbollah and ISIS fighters proved to be an essential component of military operations. Risking own life at fighting the enemies made great impression on them, and disorganised the defence, and provided dazzling successes in the battlefield. Aviation played important role in all operations fighting the forces of Arabic countries, Hamas, Hezbollah, or Islamic State (IS).
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Moran, Daniel. "The Iraq War: Strategy, Tactics, and Military Lessons, and: The Iraq War: A Military History (review)." Journal of Military History 68, no. 2 (2004): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2004.0059.
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McGinnis, Michael A. "Military Logistics: Insights for Business Logistics." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 22, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039210015356.
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During the last 30 years the environments faced by the business logistics manager have dramatically increased in complexity. The integration of logistics processes with organizational strategy, increasing complexities of partnership/channel relationships, and the increasingly international scope of business logistics processes are examples of these complexities. The military logistics literature addresses complex issues of integrating logistics with strategy and tactics; co‐ordinating world wide supply operations; co‐ordinating an industrial base with military needs; and managing cycles of mobilization, warfare, and demobilization. Summarizes the development of business logistics thought, reviews the military logistics literature, and develops insights from the said literature that appear relevant to business logistics thought.
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Yakhshimurodovich, Soriev Kholmurod, and Kasimov Shuhrat Abulkosimovich. "The changes in amir temur's military tactics and strategy (1379–1404 years)." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, no. 10 (2021): 1316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.00934.4.
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Fessmann, Jasper. "On Communications War: Public Interest Communications and Classical Military Strategy." Journal of Public Interest Communications 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jpic.v2.i1.p156.
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Strategic communication disciplines routinely use terms such as strategy, tactics, and objectives that originated in strategic military science. I argue here that a better understanding of classical military strategic thinking is relevant to public interest communications (PIC). Case studies of unscrupulous public relations (PR) campaigns on behalf of vested interests that apply deception, misdirection, and fake news in a war fighting mentality are examined. I argue that such practices need to be understood in the military sense to be detected early and effectively countered in legitimate and honorable ways by organizations fighting for the public interest. The article proposes that a key function of a PIC professional in an organization is to become a PIC Communications Strategos—strategic communications war leader.
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Melnichuk, Sofya A. ""Cabbage strategy" as a method of ensuring China’s sovereignty on the China-Indian border." Asia and Africa Today, no. 12 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017790-1.
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In May 2020, one of the largest conflicts in recent decades occurred on the Sino-Indian border. Against the background of discussion of heated armed clashes, observers have also noted that in the past years China has been using hybrid tactics as means of ensuring its control over the Line of actual control on the border with India. This article examines the hybrid tactics of the Chinese side to ensure sovereignty on the border with India the PRC's policy of installing military and civilian infrastructure in disputed and border areas. In the areas claimed by India and Bhutan, Chinese objects for various purposes appear - from camouflaged barracks and installations of unclear purpose to residential villages. These installations testify to the application by China of the so-called "сabbagestrategy" - the gradual "surrounding" the enemy with its infrastructure in order to establish de facto Chinese military and economic control over the disputed territories. In addition, Beijing has launched a large-scale development program for the border Tibet Autonomous Region in order to strengthen its borders. Such actions are hybrid tactics used by China in other territorial disputes, for example, around the islands in the South China Sea. They allow the PRC to have a military superiority over the opponent, to intimidate him with its economic and military influence in the region. Such actions fit into the framework of one of the priorities declared by the current Chinese leadership: the protection of national borders and the restoration of sovereignty over the territories “lost” during the so-called century of humiliation.
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Volchok, K. V. "SPEECH STRATEGY OF DISCREDITATION OF RUSSIAN COMMANDERS IN THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING SEGMENT OF THE INTERNET." Siberian Philological Forum 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-16-4-91.
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Statement of the problem. The study of the mechanisms of speech influence on the addressee is an important issue in linguistic research of modern political communication, which takes place in the context of conflict-generating communication between ideological opponents. One of the fields of information confrontation is Russian military history with its key events and iconic personalities. In our work, from a linguistic point of view, we consider the speech strategy of discrediting Russian military leaders. Negative-evaluative means of language are analyzed, as well as stylistic techniques aimed at updating negative information about them and providing a psychological impact on readers. The study of conflict-generating texts about Russian military history allows us to describe the features of the actualization of linguistic units in them that can lead to the creation of a conflict, which can beused in the development of measures to prevent possible social tensions. The purpose of the article is to identify and provide a linguo-pragmatic analysis of conflict-generating texts about Russian military leaders. Methodology (materials and methods). The material for the study was the conflict-generating texts about Russian military leaders posted on the Russian-language segment of the Internet. The main methods of analysis are the method of linguo-pragmatic analysis, the method of linguo-stylistic analysis, the method of contextual analysis. Research results. In the course of the work, a number of speech tactics of the discrediting strategy are identified: the tactics of demythologization, ridicule, equating to the followers of an ideology based on violence, etc. Defamation and irony are distinguished as the most frequent techniques. The predominance of vocabulary with negative evaluative connotations is noted.
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Tarshyn, V. A., Z. S. Zalevsky, O. V. Ochkurenko, and R. L. Stovba. "FEATURES OF THE DETECTION OF OPERATIONAL TACTICAL UAVS BY RADIOLOCATORS OF THE RADIO ENGINEERING TROOPS." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 22 (August 4, 2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2022.22.05.
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The range of aircraft is expanding rapidly and it should currently include objects from hypersonic aircraft to small unmanned aerial vehicles. Accordingly, airspace control must be carried out on all types of aircraft. The article discusses the features of radar detection of very complex objects for active location - unmanned aerial vehicles of tactical and operative-tactical level. Their tactical and technical characteristics, design features and tactics of application allow such aircraft to perform combat missions sometimes without detection of the enemy's air defense system. The article discusses the factors and features that contribute to the untimely detection of objects such as unmanned aerial vehicles by radar stations of radio troops or lead to difficulties in their observation. Ways to improve radar surveillance of unmanned aerial vehicles are noted. The analysis of the experience of combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the area of the Joint Forces operation is carried out in the east of Ukraine in 2014–2022 the Syrian military conflict, the second Karabakh war of 2020 and the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. There are more important factors that contributed to the effective use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The generalized information of change of features of the military conflicts which were formed thanks to possibilities of unmanned aerial vehicles is resulted. It is shown that modern reconnaissance and combat capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles are rapidly changing not only the tactics of using weapons and military equipment of the Armed Forces, but also changing the strategy of warfare. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the mass use of unmanned aerial vehicles of various types in the current Russian-Ukrainian military conflict. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, low-visibility detection, passive interference, radio technical troops.
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Brooks, Risa, and Peter M. Erickson. "The sources of military dissent: Why and how the US military contests civilian decisions about the use of force." European Journal of International Security 7, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.34.
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AbstractHow do militaries push back when they oppose civilian initiatives? This article analyses the sources and character of military dissent, focusing on the United States. It details the sources of military preferences over policy and strategy outcomes, emphasising the interplay of role conceptions with other material and ideational factors. It then presents a repertoire of means – tactics of dissent – through which military leaders can exert pressure, constraining and shaping civilians’ decision-making calculus and the implementation of policy and strategy choices. Empirically, it traces military dissent in the 1990s-era humanitarian interventions; the US's ‘War on Drugs’ beginning in the 1980s; and the Afghanistan surge debate in 2009. In so doing, the article contributes to a broader research programme on military dissent across regime types. It also expands scholars’ understandings of preference formation within militaries and illuminates the various pathways through which military dissent operates and potentially undermines civilian control.
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HWANG, JI-JEN. "China’s Military Reform: The Strategic Support Force, Non-Traditional Warfare, and the Impact on Cross-Strait Security." Issues & Studies 53, no. 03 (September 2017): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251117500084.
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In late 2015, the Chinese leadership announced sweeping reforms designed to bring the military into the modern era, signaling a departure from a traditional over-dependence on ground forces and incorporating extensive structural reorganization to create a more balanced joint command system. The reform aims to create a system suited to the modern conditions of informatization, with direct leadership from the Central Military Commission, and is bolstered by the Chinese military’s advancement in progressive information technology, space technology, and cyber security. With the creation of a new Strategic Support Force (SSF), China has clearly demarcated the operational command of traditional and non-traditional warfare within the military system, representing a strategic and tactical step forward that gives greater scope to the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to dominate in non-traditional military theaters. While the military reform has the potential to affect military strategy around Asia and further afield, the extent of China’s deep and far-reaching military reform, with a view to consolidating military capabilities under a joint command and giving full rein to non-traditional warfare under conditions of informatization, represents a particularly significant factor in the stability of cross-strait relations and security. This study will outline the creation of the SSF under the new reform, and discuss the development of China’s strategy and tactics for non-traditional warfare under conditions of informatization. The implications of the military reform will then be put into the cross-strait context, in order to draw conclusions concerning the potential impact on cross-strait security.
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Nesterov, Dmitriy A. "Features of the use of air support forces in conditions of asymmetric conflict on the example of the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-55-59.
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This article analyzes the materials of the British military, devoted to the peculiarities of the use of air support forces in conditions of asymmetric conflicts on the example of the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960). Attention is focused on the transfer of British colonial experience by the US military, carried out through pilot schools, symposia, publication of reports of colonial military. The main strategic and tactical tasks of the air force in counter-guerrilla warfare are considered. The main difficulties of using support aviation forces in conditions of anti-instabilities are analysed, the tasks faced by the pilots are considered. The article focuses on the functional features of the use of helicopter forces, which have become one of the defining mechanisms for dealing with the insurgency. It is concluded that it was the British experience of using the air support forces in asymmetric conflicts that formed the basis of the strategy and tactics of the US air forces in the framework of the Vietnam War.
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Tudose, Cătălin. "Agile Methodology and War Strategies." Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 19, no. 8 (December 2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.19.08.95.
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The history of humankind offers lots of remarkable ideas and innovations in strategy and tactics. There is no area where people have shown more inventiveness than defending themselves or attacking and conquering others. On the other hand, the Agile methodology emerged from software development, where it tried to provide support for the successful organization of delivery projects, that have to fight and conquer the complexity. This article evidences similarities between the Agile methodology and attacking and war strategies, making extended references to one of the most renowned military treaties: Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Making inter-disciplinary analogies, comparing and contrasting the concepts from different disciplines are at the core of this article. We'll investigate what things as initial estimations, attack by stratagem, tactical dispositions, energy, weak points, and strong points, maneuvering, variation in tactics, the army on the march, terrain, arriving on unknown ground, concrete situations on the ground, the use of spies, or what the attack by fire may mean in software development. We'll analyze how these war strategy concepts transpose to Agile concepts like adding business value, getting to the business goals, managing complexity, conducting the work the incremental and non-incremental way.
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McAllister, James. "Who Lost Vietnam? Soldiers, Civilians, and U.S. Military Strategy." International Security 35, no. 3 (December 2010): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00024.
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Scholars have long argued about why the United States pursued a conventional military strategy during the Vietnam War rather than one based on counterinsurgency principles. A recent article in this journal by Jonathan Caverley presents a bold challenge to the historiography of the Vietnam War. Rejecting the standard historical focus on the organizational culture and strategic perspective of Gen. William Westmoreland and the U.S. Army, Caverley argues that the roots of the United States' strategy in Vietnam can be traced to the direct influence of civilian leaders and the strong constraint of public opinion. Caverley's main arguments are a welcome challenge to the established wisdom, but they are not supported by the historical evidence. Civilian officials in Lyndon Johnson's administration did not instruct the military on how to fight the ground war within the borders of South Vietnam. Westmoreland did not want to change U.S. military strategy to focus on pacification at the expense of search and destroy tactics and the main force war. Both U.S. civilian and military officials were convinced that counterinsurgency was a South Vietnamese responsibility that U.S. ground forces should not assume. Public opinion was a weak, rather than a strong, constraint on the specific decisions of the Johnson administration during the pivotal years of the Vietnam War. Democracies may not be able to win certain counterinsurgency conflicts, but the primary source of this failure is not a civilian aversion to casualties.
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GÖKALP, Hüseyin. "Bir Savaş Taktisyeni Olarak Hâlid b. Velîd." İslami İlimler Dergisi 17, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34082/islamiilimler.1093913.
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K̲h̲ālid was an extraordinary warrior and commander who lived in 7th century and led Muslim armies against Romans and Sassanids. He managed to fight against two great power of the day at the same time in an unusual way. Just flashing back to his childhood or youth to understand his military carrier is not sufficient. His membership to brave Arab tribes or his desert environment also does not give necessary information to explain his professional diplomatic attempts, detailed field plans, and elegant army order on the battlefields. We will try to make some inferences about his career by examining his tactics in the context of his military activities during the Caliph Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq period.
The Caliph Abū Bakr had a clear vision and strategy for conquests, and he was trusting his commanders by giving them space to lead the armies, not interfering in all details. He had also analyzed the sociology of the region well. K̲h̲ālid b. al-Walīd portrays a successful commander who does not interfere with the general politics of the caliph but is very meticulous in applying his orders to the field. On the other hand, the Caliph 'Umar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb unlike Abū Bakr, wanted to manage all the details on the battlefields. For this reason, although K̲h̲ālid had a successful period with Abū Bakr, he could not work with ‘Umar for a long time.
K̲h̲ālid b. al-Walīd's originality is that each war is unlike the previous one and develops shocking tactics. He didn't have a standard tactic, and his moves were not familiar and predictable. He could even apply different methods in similar situations. The way he started and ended wars subverted the tactics of the enemy Arab, Roman, and Persian armies. In general, the battles he managed were lasting shorter than expected. He easily sensed the weak points of enemy commanders and soldiers such as pride or fear and could use these weaknesses well. In this article, we will revisit some examples and try to analyze the tactics K̲h̲ālid used during his military career caused the fall of the Sassanid Iraq and damaged the Roman Levant
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Hogea, Marian. "Conceptual Landmarks on the Evolution of Military Art." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0013.
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Abstract Military art is the fundamental component of military science and has as its object the war as a whole and the armed struggle. Over the years, military art has seen spectacular evolutions and mutations in strategy, operative art and tactics, by assimilating and integrating the achievements of the technical-scientific revolution. From this perspective, we aim to highlight the main conceptual landmarks in which military art evolved also targeting the high technology, network-based warfare, the planned operation on the effects of using ISTAR systems and the hybrid operation that integrates and associates several military and non-military components. This comprehensive approach to the evolution of military art gives us the possibility to evaluate the multidimensional operational environment, to highlight the characteristics and physiognomy of the future military operations through the integration of new technological and information systems and equipment. In this context, we state that the success in planning, training, execution and evaluation of military operation in the future will depend on the professionalism of the human resource and the degree of assimilation of technologies and intelligent systems within the management and execution structures.In recent years, the art of war has undergone major changes at all levels (strategic, operational and tactical). Due to the new information phase of the scientific and technological revolution, in the near future, several theories of armed struggle will arise influencing the social and economic life of all states.
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Kryminskyi, V. "THE POLISH QUESTION IN MYKHAILO KOLODZINSKY'S "UKRAINIAN MILITARY DOCTRINE"." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.6.
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The vision of the Polish question is analyzed on the base of M. Kolodzinsky's "Ukrainian military doctrine". The nature of the radical intellectual constructs of the early twentieth century in the OUN environment was studied. The general historical context is analyzed, which allows a deeper understanding ofthis phenomenonand reveals a broad picture of the development of contemporary political and social thought. The Ukrainian nationalists in the interwar period were particularly keen on the future strategy and tactics of gaining the Ukrainian state. A detailed review of the concepts and understanding of Ukrainian history in the "Military Doctrine" was made. The main features of the ideological convictions of M. Kolodzinskyi and the most radical wing of OUN members are determined.
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Ryder, Paul. "Strategy and Semiosis: Insights from Operation Fortitude." southern semiotic review 2021 i, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33234/ssr.14.3.
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The European summer of 1944 saw what is arguably the greatest deception wrought through deliberate miscommunication. Operation Fortitude focussed on convincing the Nazis that the invasion of Europe would come not at Normandy but further north at the Pas-de-Calais. Seeing the enemy almost completely wrong-footed, Fortitude remains the most devastating deception in the history of warfare. It is also a campaign that teaches us a great deal about the internal dynamics and semiotics of strategy more generally. Accordingly, I propose that Operation Fortitude speaks profoundly to the principle of polysemy and to the related idea that, in competitive fields, strategic design may see to it that we are deceived into misreading tactics in relation to their informing concepts. Directly related to the above, the paper proposes that, since it is always founded upon a more or less difficult-to-fathom conceptual core, all strategy inevitably deceives—and that the question of deception is merely a matter of degree. Further to the above, I also argue that Operation Fortitude teaches us that, at its heart, good strategy seldom depends upon a singular concept but upon several cooperating abstractions. The paper’s final substantive point is that Operation Fortitude reminds us that in order to think productively about strategy, it pays to bear in mind the following military principle: at its most effective, strategy is a unique and exquisitely synergistic coupling of objectives, concepts, and (dehabitualised) tactics.
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Tudose, Cătălin. "Software Methodologies and War Strategies." Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 20, no. 1 (January 2022): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.20.01.174.
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Innovation is permanent in all fields of human activity. Strategy and tactics adopted by one discipline may be used to communicate through disciplines or may be transposed and adapted in other fields. The contemporary activity of software development brought to emerging different methodologies that exercise their influence to other fields and may be applied in other disciplines. On the other hand, as people showed the highest inventiveness in attacking and conquering others, the basic military notions are used across disciplines. Adapting the attacking and war strategies to different fields resulted naturally. The article will examine the trans-disciplinary communication through the Agile incremental methodology and similarities between its application in software development and adopting it in different fields. We'll analyze how to transpose to other fields Agile concepts as adding business value and getting to the business goals, conducting the work the incremental and non-incremental way, and how the basic concepts from Agile are used beyond their original creation, through other disciplines. The article also analyzes war strategies and the possibility to apply them to other disciplines, with extended references to one of the most renowned military treaties, Sun Tzu's The Art of War. We'll investigate what things as initial estimations, attack by stratagem, tactical dispositions, energy, weak points, and strong points, maneuvering, variation in tactics, the army on the march, terrain, arriving on unknown ground, concrete situations on the ground, the use of spies or the attack by fire may mean to communicate across disciplines.
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Jardine, Eric. "The Influence of Military Materiel on Tactics and Strategy in Counterinsurgency: a Case of British Malaya." Defence Studies 11, no. 4 (December 2011): 636–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2011.642191.
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Waśko–Owsiejczuk, Ewelina. "The American Military Strategy to Combat the ‘Islamic State’ in Iraq and Syria: Assumptions, Tactics and Effectiveness." Polish Political Science Yearbook 45 (December 1, 2016): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2016024.
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Ng, Pak Shun. "Qi Jiguang’s “Oral Instructions from the Podium”." Journal of Chinese Military History 3, no. 2 (November 26, 2014): 140–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341269.
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Until the later half of the twentieth century, Western studies of Chinese military thought have used as their source texts mainly the translations of the “Seven Military Classics,” six of which were written before the Tang dynasty. Military scholarship in the later periods was deemed to lack the strategic weight of these venerated classics. However, the Ming dynasty witnessed several key developments in military affairs that have been documented in Chinese military texts. According to surveys of important Chinese military treatises written before the twentieth century, several Ming military texts are highlighted for their significant value to Chinese military history and tactics. Unfortunately, only a few such texts have full or partial translations in European languages to facilitate in-depth study by Western scholars. This paper provides an English translation of a key Ming military text that had hitherto been unavailable in the public domain to facilitate a more holistic understanding of China’s military past. The source text is Qi Jiguang’s Record of Military Training (Lianbing shiji練兵實紀) Part Two, Chapter 4, entitled “Oral Instructions from the Podium” (Dengtan koushou登壇口授). This chapter has been chosen for translation based on its significant documentary value and conceptual contributions in describing four themes of Qi’s thoughts on military strategy: deliberate calculations, active defence, concentration of force, and combined warfare.
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Arjun. "Military Strategy for India in the 21st Century Eds Lt. General A K Singh and Lt. General B S Nagal, 2019." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i3.89.
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In context to the growing security concerns in India emerging from both within and without, the ‘Military Strategy for India in the 21st-Century’, edited by Lt. General A K Singh and Lt. General B S Nagal, is an irrefutably significant contribution to the study of modern military theory that deals with strategy. The two other levels in military theory are operational and tactical. With intent to disseminate knowledge and experience on Indian military strategy, the authors have diligently collated and documented information and trends that define and shape a nation’s military strategy
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Zhirukhina, Elena. "Protecting the state: Russian repressive tactics in the North Caucasus." Nationalities Papers 46, no. 3 (May 2018): 374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1375905.
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Since the end of the second Chechen campaign, the North Caucasus counterinsurgency has experienced the shift from military involvement toward prevalence of law enforcement instruments. This paper discusses the composition of repressive tactics that the Russian state developed as a result of the two decades long evolution of a counter strategy designed to eliminate illegal armed groups operating in the North Caucasus. It is focused on the late stages of conflict (2007-2014) when the violence that had spread across the region started in the early 2000s had symbolically culminated in 2007 with the proclamation of the Caucasian Emirate. This paper advances a reconceptualization of the Russian counterinsurgency by devising an analysis of indiscriminate and discriminate repressive tactics. It demonstrates that security agencies incorporated more selective uses of violence into their tactics, thereby reducing the number of indiscriminate violent actions to an insignificant level. Moreover, along with selective violence, security institutions reinforced their effort by conducting preventive work such as the detection of secret caches of weapons, seizures, and arrests. Findings regarding the current composition of repressive tactics are illustrated by means of new disaggregated media-based data that were especially collected and analyzed to form the basis of this research.
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Wierzbiński, Szymon. "Prospective Gain or Actual Cost? Arab Civilian and Military Captives in the Light of Byzantine Narrative Sources and Military Manuals from the 10th Century." Studia Ceranea 8 (December 30, 2018): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.08.14.
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For the Byzantine emperors of the 10th century, the eastern front was the crucial one, due to the constant struggle with the Abbasid Caliphate. In the course of this conflict – from which Byzantium emerged victorious – the capturing and enslaving of soldiers and civilians alike was an everyday reality. The main objective of this paper is to define the role of prisoners of war in the strategy and tactics of Byzantine generals. First, I will attempt to determine whether the latter treated the captives as a potential gain under various aspects (i.e. financial, prestige-related, or diplomatic). Next, I will focus on those situations in which prisoners were nothing more than a burden. With the help of narrative sources and military manuals, I will try to clarify why both sides occasionally decided to execute their captives in certain episodes of the 10th century Arab-Byzantine conflict. Finally, I will specify how Byzantine generals made use of prisoners in order to get the upper hand over their Arab rivals.
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Awad, Samir A. "A Unified Competitive Palestinian Strategy." Studies in Asian Social Science 4, no. 2 (July 27, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/sass.v4n2p46.
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Palestinians need a strategy that will lift them out of their seemingly unending dilemma of prolonged Israeli settler-colonial occupation. Palestinian strategy needs to be re-positioned, to be part of a published strategic vision for a lasting solution that needs a national consensus on the requirements.The Palestinian struggle to achieve a viable independent state can be attained by engaging in a contest of credibility generating a long term sustainable advantage responding to the opportunities and threats, to achieve our objectives through capturing international political signals; or as Edward Said described it “Capturing the Imagination of the world”.The purpose of strategy is to gain some form of advantage; to maintain or protect assets or interests. Strategy is about gaining or maintaining an advantage or denying an advantage to the Israeli Occupation.To set a strategy, one usually employs past experience tactics whereby future probabilities, gains and losses are approximated in a given situation (game theory). A strategy is not routinely changeable or is quickly reversible. Nevertheless, a strategy must not stand still in the face major international events. On the contrary, a solid strategy must be capable of responding to changing events[1] in a manner whereby tactical threats could be turned into gains or opportunities. It is also necessary that a strategy ought to be, when formulated, based upon the strengths whist remaining mindful of weaknesses in order for it to deal with arising threats or challenges.For over two decades, since the signing of the Oslo Accords between the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Israel, the Israeli military occupation, land confiscation and destruction, expansion of settlements, denial of Palestinian right to self-determination and control over natural resources remain in place.Israel continues with its settler-colonial project undeterred by the Palestinian resistance or the condemnation of most countries in the world. That has undermined the so-called “Peace process” and its ultimate objective of a two-state solution, leaving the Palestinians with a prospect of prolonged occupation, which leaves them helpless and hopeless.
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Pretorius, Fransjohan. "Reading Practices and Literacy of Boer Combatants in the South African War of 1899–1902." War in History 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 286–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516666421.
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In investigating the reading practices of Boer combatants during the South African War, diaries, letters, and reminiscences were consulted. The state of literacy reveals a picture of a small number of highly literate men, a larger group of adequately literate men, a still larger group of semi-literates, and the illiterate. Reading matter included the Bible, newspapers, and books. Issues raised are: Did literacy (or illiteracy) influence military decision-making or troop morale? Were certain works making some impact on the battlefield? Was the practical experience the Boers had gained before the war more successful in planning strategy and tactics than literacy?
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Kutishchev, A. V. "The Military Campaign of 1703 in the Netherlands according to the Correspondence and Memoirs of Its Participants." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-1-9-21.
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The article studies the military campaign of 1703 in the Netherlands of the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701– 1714. The presented campaign, still undervalued by military historiography, is the most typical of the European military art of the early 18th century. The article shows the activities of the Anglo-Dutch and French command in the planning and organizing of military operations. Based on the correspondence of Louis XIV, Duke of Marlborough, French Marshals Villeroy and Bouffler, the article traces the course of the fighting in Flanders and Brabant in the summer and autumn of 1703. At the same time, the war is considered as a combination of careful maneuvering and rapid marches, false demonstrations and decisive strikes, methodical sieges of fortresses and unexpected breakthroughs of fortified lines. As a result, the little-known stage of the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701–1714 is studied in detail.On the example of the above-mentioned campaign, the article reveals such features of Western European military affairs as the limited operational goals and plans, positional nature of strategy, rejection of decisive forms of struggle, commitment to siege warfare and maneuver tactics, increasing role of engineering and fortification and rear services, communications and logistics.
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Mukhortov, Denis S., and Anna R. Dyment. "Traсking changes to the stylistic behaviour of Tony Blair as Prime Minister and former Prime Minister." Rhema, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2020-3-22-42.
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This article features the communicative behaviour of Tony Blair in his premier and post-premier years. It puts forward and corroborates the hypothesis that about two years after his landslide victory in the parliamentary election, Blair switched his strategy from that of an ardent reformer and a pacifist to a hawk, opportunist and conformist, and stuck to it to the end of his legislatures. The charges against Blair in 2016 on the nation’s involvement in the Iraqi military campaign in 2003 caused him to change his stylistic behaviour. Special emphasis is laid on how Blair had long exploited a series of communicative tactics with the intent to manipulate mass consciousness. These include epithets, syntactic repetitions and rhetorical questions; they become frequent in post-premier years. Blair’s selected discourses in 2003, when he was campaigning for Britain’s military involvement in Iraq, and in 2016, when he was trying to justify his actions in court, reveal deception markers, specifically a distribution of I / we pronouns in text, which point to Blair’s evasion strategy. A meaningful part of Blair’s manipulative strategy was to create and sustain several political myths, including ‘appeal for unity’, ‘creation of the Evil opposition’, and ‘appeal to democratic countries as a legitimate source of power’. These were drawn on ungrounded and unverifiable statements.
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Lee, KwangSu. "Taiwanese Perceptions of China’s Unification Policy." Global Knowledge and Convergence Association 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.47636/gkca.2022.5.2.285.
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The purpose of this paper is to study China’s unification policy study and to study Taiwan's response and changes in Taiwan’s youth’s perception of unification. The conclusion of the study is that China's unification policy is “Anti- Independence & Promoting Unification”, and for this purpose, military and diplomatic pressure and economic and social inducement tactics are used. In response, Taiwan was evaluated to respond with international support and cooperation while emphasizing its status as a sovereign independent country, and to respond with a “Resisting China & Protecting Taiwan” strategy against China and protecting Taiwan, dismissing it as China's Unified Front Strategy. In this process, Taiwanese youth's perception of unification is particularly increasing compared to the elderly, showing a clear trend of ‘De-Chineseization’, which shows a growing reluctance to reunification.
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Ali, Isra. "Tactical Tactility: Warfare, Gender, and Cultural Intelligence." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v2i1.28831.
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The participation of women in the landscape of warfare is increasingly visible; nowhere is this more evident than in the US military’s global endeavors. The US military’s reliance on cultural intelligence in its conceptualization of engagement strategies has resulted in the articulation of specific gendered roles in warfare. Women are thought to be particularly well suited to non-violent tactile engagements with civilians in war zones in Iraq and Afghanistan because of gender segregation in public and private spaces. Women in the military have consequently been able to argue for recognition of their combat service by framing this work in the war zone as work only women can do. Women reporters have been able to develop profiles as media producers, commentators, and experts on foreign policy, women, and the military by producing intimate stories about the lives of civilians only they can access. The work soldiers and reporters do is located in the warzone, but in the realms of the domestic and social, in the periods between bursts of violent engagement. These women are deployed as mediators between civilian populations in Afghanistan and Iraq and occupying forces for different but related purposes. Soldiers do the auxiliary work of combat in these encounters, reporters produce knowledge that undergirds the military project. Their work in combat zones emphasizes the interpersonal and relational as forms of tactile engagement. In these roles, they are also often mediating between the “temporary” infrastructure of the war zone and occupation, and the “permanent” infrastructure of nation state, local government, and community. The work women do as soldiers and reporters operates effectively with the narrative of militarism as a means for liberating women, reinforcing the perception of the military as an institution that is increasingly progressive in its attitudes towards membership, and in its military strategies. When US military strategy focuses on cultural practice in Arab and Muslim societies, commanders operationalize women soldiers in the tactics of militarism, the liberation of Muslim women becomes central in news and governmental discourses alike, and the notion of “feminism” is drawn into the project of US militarism in Afghanistan and Iraq in complex ways that elucidate how gender, equality, and difference, can be deployed in service of warfare.
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Viedienieiev, Dmytro, and Oleksandr Semeniuk. "ESSENTIAL FEATURES AND FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF MODERN UNCONVENTIONAL (HYBRID) CONFLICT." Strategic Panorama, no. 1-2 (December 7, 2021): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53679/2616-9460.1-2.2021.02.
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In the article the authors argue that the strategy and arsenal of hybrid (asymmetrical, unconventional) warfare in the contemporary world are fundamentally based on the qualitative changes that took place at the turn of the XXI century as a result of radical changes in the balance of power in the international arena, chaos in international relations, the development of new types of lethal and non-lethal weapons, new technologies of constructing and dismantling social communities with predetermined characteristics. These changes involved the conceptual framework, structure, strategy and tactics, forms and methods of the military and political confrontation between modern states and their blocks, as well as between states and non-governmental organisations.
The authors identify the essential features and functional components of hybrid warfare, such as its latency phases; the remote undermining of national defense capabilities by non-military and non-contact means; breaching the international law of war; the integrated use of military methods as well as specific means of non-military, diplomatic, financial and economic, humanitarian pressure on a victim state. They also include the extensive use of anti-government groups and movements; illegal armed groups, separatists, irredentists, radical ethnic and religious groups, extremist organizations, and artificially constructed destructive groups; the privileged role of intelligence services, special operations forces and their use for engineering a powerful anti-government infrastructure designed to destabilize the legitimate state system; the priority role of targeted influence on public opinion through the extensive use of methods of information and psychological warfare and cyberwarfare.
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CHERHAT, Tudor. "SOUTH CHINA SEA: ASYMMETRIC CONFLICTS. THE ROLE OF CHINESE PARAMILITARY FORCES." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 39 (May 4, 2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.39.2.
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A new way in which China has tried to expand its control over the South China Sea for the past decade has been to engage paramilitary forces in its territorial disputes. These forces acted as auxiliary devices for the People`s Liberation Army, applying tactics specific to asymmetric conflicts, such as rapid and low-intensity attacks on foreign ships. The leading role was assumed by the People`s Armed Forces Maritime Militia, a structure made up of civilian personnel with military training and fishing vessels equipped with surveillance technology. These actions are part of China’s strategy to attribute its maritime aggression to civilian entities to hinder possible military responses from other countries and in particular from the United States. Using collective case studies, this article illustrated the dynamics of the coercive activities of the Chinese naval forces and the inability of affected states to deal with these unconventional threats. Keywords: South China Sea, asymmetric conflicts, paramilitary forces, maritime aggression, People’s Republic of China
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Leksyutina, Ya V. "Strategy and Tactics of Taiwan’s Foreign Policy Against the Background of Aggravated Tensions with China." Journal of International Analytics 13, no. 4 (January 12, 2023): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-4-76-93.
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Currently, more than seven decades after its emergence in 1949, the Taiwan issue has not lost its relevance, but, instead, against the backdrop of growing U.S.–China tensions, is becoming especially acute. The PRC, which has already built up an impressive financial and economic might and a powerful military, is focused on achieving the so-called second “centennial goal” by 2049, which includes, among other things, the return of Taiwan to Beijing’s control. The return to power in Taiwan in 2016 of the Democratic Progressive Party, which stands on the positions of Taiwan’s movement towards independence, led to an almost complete “zeroing” of all the achievements as the results of the normalization of Sino-Taiwan relations in 2008–2016, dispelled hopes for a peaceful solution to the Taiwan problem and caused another round of aggravation of tension in the Taiwan Strait. The purpose of this article is to characterize the strategy and tactics of Taiwan’s foreign policy in 2016–2022, when the Tsai Ing-wen administration, which rejected the “one state, two systems” formula of unification, was under strong pressure from Beijing. In its relations with the PRC conducting the “steadfast diplomacy”, the Tsai Ing-wen administration has been taking efforts to promote a narrative in the world discourse that emphasizes the geopolitical, economic, technological, and ideological significance of Taiwan and its autonomous existence from mainland China for the world community and, first of all, its liberal-democratic part. Continuously losing its “diplomatic allies” due to Beijing’s intensified activities in limiting Taiwan’s international space since 2016, the Taiwan administration purposefully builds up and actively uses such advantages as developed democracy, technological power, and competitive, innovative, open economy in order to attract new like-minded partners for close cooperation.
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Bołdyrew, Aleksander, and Karol Łopatecki. "Polish Way: The Light Cossack Cavalry in the Era of Military Revolution." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 3 (2020): 683–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.301.
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The aim of the article is to show the way of adaptation of the military potential of the Crown to the Tatar threat, which first emerged in 1468. In connection with the particular geopolitical situation we present the dissimilarity of military reforms from those in Western Europe. In order to prevent Tatar raids, a standing frontier army (obrona potoczna or Permanent Defense) was formed. In the 1520s, an innovative strategy was developed which involved creating two defense lines with a very deep reconnaissance, 500 kilometers east of Lviv, already on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The consequence of applying the new model of defense was a new type of armed forces developed approximately two decades later, the cossack cavalry. The article presents a phenomenon of the creation a unified, in terms of weaponry, light cavalry, the process of which took place in the 1540s and 50s. Earlier the troops had consisted of soldiers differently equipped and armored and using various horses. Out of this chaos there emerged more unified units, which was the result of experiences of south-east borderline defense. The article emphasizes it was neither commanders-in-chief nor political and governmental factors that played a key role in the tactical innovation was mid-level commanders (starosts, rotmistrzes). It was their experiments with different types of arms that brought about a revolution in the rearmament and uniformity of the cavalry. The paper indicates that the main originator of the transformations was the starost of Bar and Trembowla Bernard Pretwicz. A clear influence of political decisions and strategic concepts on the final transformations in the warfare tactics should be noted.
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Ortino, Matteo. "The Governance of Global Banking in the Face of Complexity." Journal of International Economic Law 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz010.
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ABSTRACT The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the composite wider legal and institutional environment to which it is part provide a useful case study to illustrate how complexity is addressed in the public policy realm. As its central proposition, this article argues that it is possible to identify a specific pattern and logic underlying the governance of global banking today. The pattern concerns the institutional dimension of global banking regulation, particularly with respect to the distribution of regulatory powers among the various actors involved, and the legal relationships between these actors. The overall pattern seems to follow a certain logic, which will be explored and explained borrowing the military distinction between strategy, operations, and tactics.
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Genyk, L. Y. "NOVEMBER REVOLUTION IN GALITCA IN 1918 AS A MILITARY OPERATION." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea, no. 4(56) (December 27, 2019): 30–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7410-2019-4(56)-30-69.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the plans of Ukrainian political forces regarding the proclamation and formation of an independent state of Ukraine, and their implementation in terms of military strategy and tactics.
The article analyzes various forms (peaceful and military uprising) of preparation for the transfer or receipt of power by the Ukrainian side after the end of the First World War in the Dnieper Ukraine and in Galicia, as well as ways to achieve the strategic goal of the Ukrainian people the creation of a Ukrainian state.
Methods of analysis of archival documents, analogy, comparison, hypothetical established, that all representatives of the political parties of East Galicia considered and focused only on the peaceful way of receiving power by the Ukrainian people in the autumn (in accordance) based on the plan developed and agreed upon the life of Prince Franz-Ferdinand whit representatives of the Ukrainian side, who were represented in the Austro-Hungarian Parliament – the Reich rat. Other variants (options) of the proclamation and formation of the Ukrainian state were not foreseen, not considered, not prepared or the Galician politicians.
Military variants could theoretically have beet two, but none of them were political forces, that to take up preparations for the creation of a state, have not (foreseen) predicted and not complete the training (preparation have not been made).
The only ones, who thought soberly and really saw the power version of the creation of the Ukrainian state and its protection, were Ukrainian officers and elders in retirement or who served in the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Findings. Unfortunately, due to the passivity of politicians, the preparation of a military operation on the proclamation and protection of the Ukrainian state it was started too late. And although it is just the gaining power of the Ukrainians as tactical military operation, it has been successful, but the strategic purpose (goal) – the proclamation and preservation of the state Ukraine – Ukrainians have not prepared and failed. The reason for the defeat is the mentality of Ukrainian.
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Rusyadi, Dadi, Deni DAR, and Wayan Nuriada. "The Prince Diponegoro’s war strategy from the perspective of the Indonesia total war strategy." Strategi Perang Semesta 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.56555/sps.v8i1.1187.
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This article will be focused on Prince Diponegoro’s War Strategy that implemented Total War Strategy through Guerilla Warfare tactic. The purpose and objectives of this article are analyzing the Prince Diponegoro’s War Strategy as the form of People’s Total War to be comprehended as the Indonesia’s total war strategy in facing threats so the readers will gain knowledge and deep information regarding the implementation of total war strategy. The qualitative method was conducted to create this article through historical research approach in designing the content of this article. The Total War theory was also implemented on this article. Based on the research result, it was found that the Indonesian War conducted by Prince Diponegoro is essentially a picture of the People’s total War which are not only carried out by taking up arms, but also engaged in political, social, economic, and cultural fields. The Total War Strategy has applied by fighters both in armed struggle, which Total War values characterized by: populist, territorial, the total, has been embedded in every breath of struggle. Whole community participation in accordance with their respective roles, and empowering all resources maximum national power to be further combined with military power, become a form of "totality" that is powerful in dealing with various forms of threats. From the history of the Indonesian War by Prince Diponegoro which gave birth to the Total War concept, has demonstrated and proven that the involvement of all components of the nation, both military and civilian (non-military) have an important role in accordance with their respective fields.
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Kislitsyn, S. "Contemporary Problems of a “Grand Strategy” in the US Foreign Policy." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2020-4-27-39.
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The research examines the main problems of a grand strategy in the US foreign policy. Attention is paid to the conceptual understanding of this term, its historical development, and the current state. The article analyzes the positions of American foreign policy elites and the expert community regarding the problem of the US self-positioning in the outside world. The article consists of three parts. The first analyses the main conceptual provisions of the “grand strategy” as a term. It describes its development from a military term, reflecting the general tactics in interstate confrontation to its comprehensive understanding as a coordination principle of long-term and medium-term goals with short term actions. The second part of the article focuses on the American foreign policy elites, their approaches, as well as public opinion on this issue. It is noted that the ideology of global leadership has become an important component of the establishment's thinking. It largely impedes the development of new foreign policy concepts and, as a result, reformatting the grand strategy. The third part is devoted to the positions of the expert community on the issue of grand strategy. Four main versions are considered: "Offensive", "Selective engagement", "Offshore Balancing", "Zero-sum". The author comes to a conclusion that the US foreign policy mixes several types of strategies at the moment. It is noted that as China strengthens, the United States faces a new competition, which, unlike the Soviet threat, implies not military-political, but economic confrontation. The implementation of the scenario of a "new Cold War" between Washington and Beijing can define the new goals of the grand strategy. At the same time, this also creates an ideological dilemma of recognizing a new challenge, an increasing alternative for American global leadership - the idea of which is still popular among representatives of American foreign policy elites.
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Abrahms, Max, and Philip B. K. Potter. "Explaining Terrorism: Leadership Deficits and Militant Group Tactics." International Organization 69, no. 2 (2015): 311–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818314000411.
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AbstractCertain types of militant groups—those suffering from leadership deficits—are more likely to attack civilians. Their leadership deficits exacerbate the principal-agent problem between leaders and foot soldiers, who have stronger incentives to harm civilians. We establish the validity of this proposition with a tripartite research strategy that balances generalizability and identification. First, we demonstrate in a sample of militant organizations operating in the Middle East and North Africa that those lacking centralized leadership are prone to targeting civilians. Second, we show that when the leaderships of militant groups are degraded from drone strikes in the Afghanistan-Pakistan tribal regions, the selectivity of organizational violence plummets. Third, we elucidate the mechanism with a detailed case study of the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, a Palestinian group that turned to terrorism during the Second Intifada because pressure on leadership allowed low-level members to act on their preexisting incentives to attack civilians. These findings indicate that a lack of principal control is an important, underappreciated cause of militant group violence against civilians.
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Kondratyeva, O. N., and Zh V. Chernova. "Self-Presentation of the Politician in Social Networks (On a Material of Official Page in the Social Network “VKontakte” of the Governor of the Kemerovo Area of Sergey Tsivilev)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 18, no. 6 (2019): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-6-129-138.
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Purpose. Linguists actively study accounts of world politicians in social networks, pages of regional politicians are not described yet, as defines a urgency and novelty of research. Objective of article is the analysis of strategy of the selfpresentation used for formation of image of the regional politician in social networks. Material – the page of the governor of Kuzbass S. Tsivilev in the social network “VKontakte” for the period preceding his election to the post. At occurrence of the new politician in region the specific character of the selected strategy of self-presentation as it is necessary for politician to show professional qualities is boldly shown, to designate prospects, to win respect of electorate, to achieve support on elections. Results. S. Tsivilev’s account is exemplary all channels of self-presentation as are actively involved: qualitative avatars, the information on the politician, substantial and on a regular basis updated content are presented, to a photo, video data. During self-presentation in a social network “VKontakte” S. Tsivilev actively uses tactics of positioning, an identification, creation of “the circle”. Conclusion. Used tactics of self-presentation are reflection of the image roles “Simple person”, “Patriot”, “Personnel militarian”, “Anti-recessionary manager”, “Authorized representative of the president”, that in aggregate shapes an image of the head of region, the person of action, in a military way precise, demanding to itself and another, able quickly to make the decision, to reveal problems and to find ways of their decision. S. Tsivilev’s convincing victory over elections of the governor testifies to high efficiency of the selected strategy of self-presentation.
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Lisina, Svitlana. "THEORY OF CREATION OF THE INSURGENT-GUERRILLA LIBERATION ARMY IN THE MILITARY-HISTORICAL WORKS OF OUN MEMBERS." Problems of humanities. History, no. 5/47 (March 27, 2021): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.5/47.217786.
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Summary. The purpose of this research is to study the theoretical works of OUN activists on the creation of an insurgent-guerrilla liberation army, which have not lost their significance for the development of modern Ukraine and the reforming of its Armed Forces. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and the synthesis of comparative and problem-chronological methods of researching the works of OUN soldiers on the creation of the Ukrainian army. The scientific novelty lies in the implementation of one of the first attempts at a comprehensive study of OUN propaganda and journalistic materials on military-organizational activities, which clarifies the role of the Organization’s military figures in the formation and development of its basic principles on the eve of World War II. Conclusions. On the basis of the relevant funds of the State Archive of Lviv Region (SALR), memoirs, nationalist newspapers and magazines, fundamental monographs and dissertations, the role of OUN leaders E. Konovalets, M. Kolodzinskyi, O. Gasyn, R. Yaryi, Z. Kossak is covered on the creation of the liberation army in military-historical and military-theoretical works. The main materials, which consider the issues of the coming war, tactics and strategy of Ukrainian nationalists, military doctrine and military training were prepared by: M. Kolodzinskyi ‒ "Ukrainian military doctrine", Z. Kossak ‒ "44 rules of life of the Ukrainian nationalist", R. Yaryi ‒ "Military education of youth", E. Konovalets ‒ "Military Affairs", "Military Training". The creative achievements of OUN military figures were marked by a wide range and depth of thinking, high professionalism. All educational and theoretical developments of OUN soldiers are a source for studying the military-historical thought about the activities of the nationalist organization of 1929‒1939. This legacy can be used in the not yet completed state-building processes of modern Ukraine, the reforming of the Armed Forces of the state, the prospect of our country’s accession to European structures and NATO.
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Tao, Andrew K., and Jesse W. Campbell. "Veterans and Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Federal Government: The Importance of Role Clarity in the First Years of Civilian Employment." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 508–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019878210.
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Veterans can face difficulties adjusting to civilian employment due to their experiences in highly structured and regimented military service organizations. This study focuses on factors that affect the job satisfaction of veterans employed in the civilian U.S. Federal Government. Drawing on sector imprinting theory, we propose that role clarity will have a stronger link with job satisfaction for government employees who have served in the military than for those who have not. Second, we argue that this difference will dissipate over time, with the importance of role clarity for veterans being strongest at the earliest stages of the transition to civilian employment. We present evidence for our theory from an analysis of the 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. Finally, after discussing the limitations of our study, we suggest practical managerial tactics that can complement ambitious public sector veteran employment initiatives.
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Liu, Roger C. "From ‘Sticks’ to ‘Carrots’ and ‘Nets’, then to ‘Needles’: The Evolution of the CPC’s Policy towards Taiwan." China Report 58, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00094455221074255.
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This article traces the evolution of the Communist Party of China’ policy towards Taiwan and identifies the major characteristics of different leaderships in the history of CPC. With the major goal to manipulate the domestic politics of Taiwan to prevent it from moving further towards independence, the CPC has, within the framework of national strategy, used the carrot (promised benefits or attraction based on positive values), the stick (military actions or threats, blockades and coercive policies in international politics, etc.), the net (relationships, networks and United Front work; developing local collaborators) and the needle (infiltration, sabotage and disinformation warfare) interchangeably with different emphases depending on the strategic environments it faced. The CPC’s policy towards Taiwan, thus demonstrates flexibility in the choice of tactics but remains constant in its strategic goals.
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Khalidi, Ahmad Samih. "Introduction: On the Limitations of Military Doctrine." Journal of Palestine Studies 45, no. 2 (2016): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2016.45.2.127.
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This special document is an original English translation of a 2015, thirty-three page (in Hebrew), Israel Defense Forces (IDF) strategy paper, marking the first time that the IDF has published an official account of its fundamental driving principles. An introductory essay by Ahmad Samih Khalidi, “On the Limitations of Military Doctrine,” places the strategy document in the context of Israel's failures in the 2006 Lebanon war. The document, itself headed by a short letter from Israeli chief of staff Lt. Gen. Gadi Eisenkot, encompasses a broad spectrum of grand strategy analysis, prediction, and recommendation, against a complex matrix of operational, tactical, and logistical measures. It comprises three main parts: first, a succinct “Strategy Document” that describes Israel's strategic and operational environment and that delineates the basic principles guiding its military actions (chapters 1–3); second, a description of the IDF's command structure and procedures (chapter 4); and third, the prescription of a series of follow-up steps (chapter 5). In brief bullet points, the strategy document covers national goals, threat perceptions, the domestic, regional, and international contexts, technical and technological challenges, the main functions and roles of the IDF, the different conditions (or “operating statuses”) for the use of force, the importance of cyberwarfare, intelligence, questions of legitimacy, issues of command and control, resource utilization, defense capabilities, special operations, and the priorities for five years. Israel's traditional concerns with the threat from Arab states are downgraded in favor of the threat posed by sub- or non- state actors (Hamas and Hezbollah), and “distant” players (Iran).
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Stobbs, Emmett E. "Tactical nuclear weapons: Do they have a role in U.S. military strategy?" Comparative Strategy 13, no. 2 (April 1994): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495939408402973.
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