Academic literature on the topic 'Military Transport planes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Military Transport planes"
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Janeba-Bartoszewicz, Edyta. "Analysis of fuel properties applied at a structure of aircraft." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.045.
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The article presents the current status of liquid fuels used in aviation. The physicochemical properties of these liquids are discussed against the background of the type of aviation and mission. Aviation fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons most often obtained from conservative or processing crude oil, supplemented with additives improving their exploitation properties. Currently, aviation fuels occur in two basic types: fuels for turbojet engines and fuels for piston engines. The basic fuel for commercial air transport and military aviation is fuel for turbo-propeller engines. Synthetic compounds and various types of alternative fuels are used more rarely as aviation fuels. A specific role is played by hydrazine used in the emergency power supply system of aircraft, for example, in multi-purpose fighter planes F-16.
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Лось, Александр Васильевич, Владимир Федорович Шмырев, and Виктор Иванович Рябков. "ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА Ан-188 СРЕДИ ОПЕРАТИВНО–ТАКТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЕННО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ САМОЛЕТОВ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.8.01.
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In the "Antonov" Company, a unique medium-sized tactical military transport aircraft An-12 and An-70 have been created. Based on the Аn-12 basic version, several modifications have been developed, which operate in many countries around the world.To replace this aircraft has been created the An-70 with a higher capacity and hourly capacity, which on some key parameters outperforms the competition-analogs: American C-130J-30, West-European A400M, and Japanese C-2.However, the range with the maximum capacity is worse for Аn-77 compared to the A400M, but cruising speed and combat readiness – for C-2.For the most complete implementation of tactical tasks:– transportation of personnel, equipment, goods, and means of procurement;– delivery of military units, equipment, and cargo in the interests of peacekeeping or counter-terrorism operations;– transportation of troops, arms, military equipment and material resources of strategic direction;– delivery of units and formations of the airborne forces and ground forces in the areas of military purpose;– provision of the relocation of aviation units and formations, and provision of superiority at range with maximum load, at cruising speed and combat readiness the team of the “Antonov” Company created the An-188 – the medium-sized tactical aircraft with short takeoff and landing, which provides execution of a series of tasks, not available even for C-2.At the initial stage of designing this modification scientific principles the "Design techniques of modifications of the MTA taking into account the profound changes in the wing and the power plant" were used. The most important modification change in An-188 is the replacement of the D-27 turboprop engine for СFM LЕАР-1A turbofan engine, which increased the capacity and combat readiness of modification.Another important modification change was the use of discrete geometric twist of the wing local chord, bringing its shape in plan view to elliptical one and has brought a reduction in induced drag for a given lift force. This solution provided an increase in the range of up to 3200 km.Such profound modification changes in the power plant and the geometry of the wing have contributed to the complete superiority of the An-188 in the class of operational-tactical MTA.In combination with An-132D and An-178 modification, the An-188 can be considered as a unified system of support for the troops with military transport planes.
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Wexler, H., and M. Tepper. "RESULTS OF THE WARTIME HISTORICAL AND NORMAL MAP PROGRAM." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.10.
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The practically global extent of World War II created a need for world weather information more pronounced than in any former period. Insufficient knowledge of weather in remote places, inadequate data on diverse weather elements, and lack of information about conditions extending into the stratosphere, led to the initiation of many projects involving the plotting, analyzing, and drawing of thousands of weather maps and charts. This material proved to be valuable in providing guides to characteristic weather patterns which many meteorologists used in making difficult forecasts for military and transport operations in unfamiliar regions.
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KRASUSKI, Kamil. "APPLICATION OF PPP-KINEMATIC METHOD AND AIRCRAFT POSITIONING SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION OF PLANE’S POSITION." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, no. 4 (March 2, 2017): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0479.
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Results of application of GPS tech-nique in the air transport are presented in the paper. Aircraft’s coordinates were obtained using GPS code observations for PPP-Kinematic method in the APS software. Cessna 172 aircraft was applied in a flight test at Dęblin military airport. The paper de-scribes the PPP-Kinematic method and con-figuration of input parameters for this meth-od. In addition, the values of such parameters as: accuracy of receiver clock bias, accuracy of aircraft’s coordinates, DOP coefficients, accuracy of HPL and VPL terms, results of statistical test Chi-square are presented in the paper.
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Dvoryanchikov, V. V., I. M. Akhmetzyanov, I. V. Mironov, E. K. Gavrilov, V. N. Zinkin, and P. S. Guchin. "Features of the acoustic situation in the operation of weapons and military equipment in the Armed Forces." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12267.
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Currently, a system of measures to combat the harmful effects of industrial noise on workers has been created in the healthcare of the Russian Federation. However, the level of specific and non-specific morbidity due to industrial noise does not decrease, and the frequency of occupational diseases even tends to increase. This is due to several reasons, including a large number of noise sources, insufficient quality of medical examinations, the absence and low efficiency of the personal noise protection and others. Noise occupies one of the leading places among the harmful physical factors in the Armed forces of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize information about acoustic sources of high intensity in the Armed forces, which will reveal several features of the acoustic situation in the workplaces. The features of the noise generated during the operation of weapons and military equipment include high intensity, non-permanent nature, the presence in the spectrum of low and infrasonic frequencies. The presented data show the diversity of sources of noise in the Armed forces, generating noise and infra-sound of sufficiently high levels. The widespread occurrence of noise sources in the military contributes to the high acoustic load of a large number of servicemen. Noise exposure leads to the development of the servicemen of the disease in the first turn of the organ of hearing, increased General and occupational diseases. The direct effect of noise and the development of noise pathology contributes to the reduction of military-professional performance and reliability. Unfavourable acoustic conditions at the workplaces of military personnel require preventive measures. The noise generated by the operation of military equipment creates discomfort for the population and a threat to the environment. Environmental impacts of acoustic oscillations on the natural environment was studied in connection with the training and combat activities of troops in places of permanent deployment and at the sites located near human settlements. It is established that several million people are exposed to noise in our country. Sources of noise affecting the population are industrial and military facilities and road, rail and, especially, air transport. The problem of acoustic pollution of the environment in the operation of weapons and military equipment is one of the priority environmental problems facing the Armed forces.
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Sánchez-Lozano, J. M., F. J. Salmerón-Vera, and C. Ros-Casajús. "Prioritization of Cartagena Coastal Military Batteries to Transform Them into Scientific, Tourist and Cultural Places of Interest: A GIS-MCDM Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 9908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239908.
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This study presents a combination of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies with geographic information systems (GIS) to carry out a prioritization of obsolete military coastal batteries with the aim of transforming them into touristic, scientific, and cultural places of interest. The study area is located in the Municipality of Cartagena, in Southeast Spain. Such a prioritization requires taking into account transport criteria (distance to roads or train stations), infrastructure criteria (distance to electrical grids or distance to water tanks), touristic or scientific criteria (distance to towns, beaches, archaeological sites, assets of cultural interest, etc.), and orography criteria (area, altitude, and slope of each battery). Therefore, this decision problem involves a set of alternatives (coastal military batteries) to be prioritized based on a group of criteria that should be considered. To tackle this, GIS software is used to provide the attribute table of alternatives and criteria (decision matrix), and the proposed decision problem is solved through a combination of MCDM methodologies based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. The AHP approach is applied to determine the weights of the criteria whilst the TOPSIS method provides a ranking of alternatives in order to obtain a prioritization.
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Matthews, N., R. Jones, D. Peng, N. Phan, and T. Nguyen. "Additive metal solutions to aircraft skin corrosion." Aeronautical Journal 124, no. 1276 (January 9, 2020): 872–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2019.158.
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ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the problem of skin corrosion on the upper wing surfaces of rib-stiffened aircraft. For maritime and military transport aircraft this often results in multiple co-located repairs. The common approach to corrosion damage in operational aircraft is to blend out the corrosion and rivet a mechanical doubler over the region. In particular this paper describes the results of a combined numerical and experimental investigation into the ability of the additive metal technology, Supersonic Particle Deposition (SPD), to restore the load-carrying capacity of rib-stiffened wing planks with simulated skin corrosion. The experimental results reveal that unrepaired skin corrosion can result in failure by yielding. The experimental results also reveal that SPD repairs to skin corrosion can restore the stress field in the structure, and can ensure that the load-carrying capability of the repaired structure is above proof load.
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Arrington, Lauren. "Socialist Republican Discourse and the 1916 Easter Rising: The Occupation of Jacob's Biscuit Factory and the South Dublin Union Explained." Journal of British Studies 53, no. 4 (October 2014): 992–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2014.116.
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AbstractThe events of the Easter Rising have been subjected to extensive analysis by historians who have focused on military strategy as a means of explaining the occupation of specific sites. However, Jacob's Biscuit Factory and the South Dublin Union have proven resistant to this paradigm. The political value of both places can be understood by giving close attention to the long history of antagonism between these two institutions and the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, out of which the Irish Citizen Army that fought in the rising was formed. In his articles for the Irish Worker and Workers' Republic, James Connolly adapted traditional republican discourse of economic emancipation through political sovereignty to address a contemporary urban context. An understanding of the way that this discourse functioned facilitates an understanding of the role of Jacob's Biscuit Factory and the South Dublin Union in the Easter Rising: as sites of actual and symbolic liberation. This analysis of popular discourse in the contemporary press offers a new approach to the study of events that have been termed the Irish Revolution, and it presents a model for understanding the way that republican discourse accommodated the very different political objectives of Irish separatists.
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Odingo, Myron. "An Exploration of COVID-19 Management Policies across Nine African Countries." East African Health Research Journal 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v4i2.634.
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Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has registered more than 16 million cases and has been declared a global pandemic. Social distancing measures have been recommended as part of health policies aimed at reducing the transmission of the disease. These have resulted in adverse social and economic implications; many countries are therefore discussing exit strategies for the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions. Aim: To explore the COVID-19 management policies and their outcomes among 9 African countries in order to guide the upcoming and ongoing relaxation of containment and mitigation measures. Methods: Daily COVID-19 statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization between12th March 2020 and 17th July 2020). Data on government policies was obtained from the Human Data Exchange Program between 20th January 2020 and 24th July 2020, a service operated by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Data analysis was conducted using the Python (version 3) programming language modules: Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn and SciPy. Results: The most common containment and mitigation measures were under the categories of; health systems strengthening, enhanced detection measures, implementation of quarantine measures, movement restrictions and social distancing. Countries with low cases and low deaths prioritised social distancing and movement restriction policies, while countries with high cases and high deaths focused on quarantines, closures of public places and borders and public communication. High cases with low death areas implemented health systems strengthening, social distancing, detection and logistics/ security improvement. Low cases with high death countries focused on public communication and improved detection measures. Conclusion: The current study found that social distancing measures remain an effective method of controlling COVID-19. However, coordination between government and organisations to develop social distancing protocols within businesses and specialist organisations such as the military, prisons, educational facilities and the transport industry was observed in countries with better control of the disease.
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Avdashkin, Andrey A. "Forced Migrants from Central Asia in Terms of Archival Documents (1991-2002): A Case Study of the Chelyabinsk Region." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2021): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-767-778.
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The article draws on the documents from the United State Archive of Chelyabinsk Region and the State Archive of the Russian Federation to examine forced migration from the former Soviet republics to the South Urals in 1991-2002. The choice of chronological framework is due to the fact that this period saw the peak of forced migration caused by the outflow from the military conflicts zones and due to the difficulties of post-socialist transit in the states of Central Asia. The 2002 Population Census allows the author to draw the balance of these processes and to identify the number of the region’s residents who arrived from the former Soviet Union republics between 1989 and 2002. The Chelyabinsk region is a part of the Russian-Kazakh frontier. After the collapse of the USSR and the reformatting of state borders, this borderland was an extended settlement area of the Russian-speaking population, mostly leaning towards moving from Kazakhstan. Due to a sufficiently high level of development, transport accessibility and low start-up opportunities for migrants, these border regions became one of the main places for receiving forced displacements from the Central Asian states, mostly Kazakhstan. In the current historiographical situation, a holistic reconstruction and detailing of these large-scale migrations requires a reliance on new historical sources. Archival documents of regional migration services contain valuable data on the number of forced migrants, their main areas of origin, socio-demographic characteristics, and other important parameters. The documents revealed in the fonds of the OGACHO and the GARF have showed that, at the initial stage, the backbone of migration flows was the Russian-speaking population from neighboring Kazakhstan, able-bodied, with a sufficiently high level of skills. This compensated for demographic losses due catastrophic growth of mortality and decline in birth rate. Thus, according to the migration service of the region, migration compensated for more than half of the total population loss, without any significant impact on its ethnic composition. At the same time, migrants encountered numerous difficulties in integrating into Russian society, which were rarely reflected in the specific documentation of state institutions. Many of the arrived, for various reasons, were not included in the forced migrants and refugees statistics due to numerous bureaucratic difficulties and an objective lack of resources for helping such a large number of people.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Military Transport planes"
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Meeks, Thomas B. ""Postmodern combat airlift" : a strategic assessment of intratheater airlift /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=9f9d0e34-b316-436d-9176-e228f207543d&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Chaffee, Neil T. "Expanding fixed-wing aircraft capability in US Army aviation operations /." Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : Ft. Belvior, VA : Alexandria, Va. : U.S. Army Command and General Staff College ; Available to the public through the Defense Technical Information Center ; National Technical Information Service [distributor], 2009. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/.
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Thesis (M.S. of Military Art and Science General Studies)--U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, June 2009."June 2009." Thesis advisor: David W. Christie. Performed by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. "Presented to the faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Military Art and Science General Studies from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, June 2009."--P. [i]. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online from the Combined Arms Research Library (CARL) at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the DTIC Online Web site.
Books on the topic "Military Transport planes"
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Staszak, Richard. Military transports in detail. Oceanside, Calif: Air Transport, 1994.
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Kenyeres, Dénes. Szállítórepülőgépek a magyar hadseregben (1949-2008). Kecskemét: D. Kenyeres, 2009.
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Military aircraft visual guide: More than 90 of the world's greatest fighting airplanes. London: Amber Books, 2008.
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G, Holder William. The "C" planes: U.S. cargo aircraft, 1925-to the present. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 1996.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee. The status of the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft program: Hearing before the Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee and the Research and Development Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, hearing held August 5, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee. The status of the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft program: Hearing before the Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems Subcommittee and the Research and Development Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, hearing held August 5, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Kössler, Karl. Die grossen Dessauer: Junkers Ju 89, Ju 90, Ju 290, Ju 390 : die Geschichte einer Flugzeugfamilie. Planegg: Aviatic-Verlag, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Military Transport planes"
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Mancha, Juan J. G., Mayra S. H. Guerrero, Ana Gpe Velez Chong, Javier Gonzalez Barbosa, Claudia Gómez, Laura Cruz-Reyes, and Gilberto Rivera. "A Mobile Application for Helping Urban Public Transport and Its Logistics." In Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations, 385–406. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch020.
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Urban growth in developed countries has made highly difficult the logistics of public transport in many cities. This issue is a consequence of the increase in the number of public transport routes, which has caused that citizens do not know important information on such routes. Especially, data about stops, terminals, timetables, paths and which are the easily reachable places for each single route. On the other hand, smartphones have become very popular in the last lustra. This kind of device has high-end services such as cameras, high-tech sensors and Global-Positioning-System (GPS) navigation, to mention only a few. Thus, since mobile phones are useful and practically ubiquitous, they should be applied to collective-transport logistics, giving the edge to citizens in an economic manner. Ergo, to solve the aforementioned problem, we propose here an approach based on using technology connected to mobile phones, the GPS and the Internet.
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Rendle, Matthew. "Extending State Authority." In The State versus the People, 60–97. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840428.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 examines how the creation of a justice system, like other institution-building exercises, formed an important part of re-establishing central state authority during this period. The Bolsheviks inherited a shattered state and their weaknesses, alongside widespread opposition, exacerbated the problem initially. As political courts targeting a wide variety of counter-revolutionary crimes, staffed by party members who proactively targeted criminals, tribunals were better placed to convey the authority and objectives of the state than other courts. Law became the ‘emissary of the state’, extending the state’s reach across Russia. This chapter explores the steady expansion of tribunals, including the establishment of military tribunals, transport tribunals, and travelling sessions of tribunals, as a means of exerting state authority from the end of 1918. Gradual unification of the system followed, but the Bolsheviks had re-established the state by 1922, and this achievement, the end of the civil war, and the publication of new law codes rendered many tribunals obsolete. Law’s purpose changed in a more stable Soviet Union, moving from revolutionary consciousness to revolutionary legality, although this chapter finishes by exploring the legacy of exceptional forms of justice and its continuance in the military and in the form of show trials.
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Black, Jeremy. "Geographies of War : The Recent Historical Background." In The Geography of War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162080.003.0007.
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The dominant metanarrative of war is one that is securely located within the Western intellectual tradition. The stress is on the material culture of war, and the explanatory approach focuses on the capabilities of particular weapons and weapons systems and a belief that progress stemmed from their improvement. This approach extends across time. Thus, for example, when the Iron Age replaced the Bronze Age, the emphasis is on how the superior cutting power of iron and the relative ease of making iron weapons led to a change in civilizations. Mechanization indeed plays a major role in the modern concept of war, and in spatial terms this relates to the collapsing of distance strategically, operationally, and tactically. Thus the entire world is literally under the scrutiny of surveillance satellites, missiles and planes that benefit from midair refueling can deliver warheads continents away, and units can be rapidly transported to and on the battlefield and, once there, can use real-time information to increase their effectiveness. Space no longer appears to be an encumbrance, let alone a friction. This approach to space essentially dates from major shifts in the nineteenth century, in particular, the ability, thanks to steamships, railroads, and telegraphs, to overcome distance. This was linked to (although far from coterminous with) a more extensive application of European military power, especially in East and central Asia, Oceania, and the interior of Africa. Centers that had not hitherto been brought under European control were captured, both coastal (Algiers in 1830 and Aden in 1839) and internal (Beijing in 1860). This reconfiguration of the spatial dimension of global power was apparently dependent on new technology as applied by Western imperialism. Thus limitations on the projection of power that had been apparent earlier in the period of European expansion in the sixteenth century were overcome. For example, metal-bottomed steamships could penetrate deltas, estuaries, and other inshore waters and sail up great rivers, such as the Irrawaddy, Nile, or Paraná in a way in which the deep-draught wooden warships earlier used by Europeans could not. This transformed the geography of maritime force projection.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Population Changes: Magnitude, Mobility, and Disease Transfer." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0016.
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The human population of the earth took the whole of its existence until 1800 to build to 1 billion. By 2000 it had exceeded 6 billion, more than doubling in the twentieth century alone. In 1800, the time taken to navigate the globe by sailing ship was about a year. Today, no two cities served by commercial aircraft are more than a couple of days apart. Since this is less than most disease incubation times, infected people can travel undetected—a concern noted from the early days of commercial air travel. Within developed countries, the rate of individual circulation (in terms of average distances travelled) has increased 1,000-fold in the last 200 years. While the processes of population growth and geographical churn have been at work for the whole of human history, it is in the last two centuries that the momentum of change has gathered increasing pace. As described in Section 2.1, McMichael (2004) recognizes four separate stages. (i) Early human settlements from c.5,000 to c.10,000 years ago enabled enzootic pathogens to enter Homo sapiens populations. Some of these encounters led to the emergence of many of today’s textbook infections: influenza, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, smallpox, measles, malaria, and many others. (ii) Eurasian military and commercial contacts c.1,500 to c.3,000 years ago with swapping of dominant infections between the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations. As described in Section 2.2, the plagues and pestilences of classical Greece and Rome date from this period. (iii) European exploration and imperialism from c.1500 with the transoceanic spread of often lethal infectious diseases. The impact on the Americas, on Australasia, and on remote island populations is well known; ships’ crews and passengers were the devastating vectors. (iv) The fourth great transition is today’s globalization, acting through demographic change and accelerating levels of contacts between the different parts of the world to facilitate disease emergence, re-emergence, and spatial transfer. Global warming, the destabilization of environments, the unparalleled movement of peoples rapidly across the globe through air transport, are all part of an evolving host–microbe relationship (cf. Section 1.3.1).
Conference papers on the topic "Military Transport planes"
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Donia, Robert. "The Forgotten Thousands: The Historiography of World War II Rescues of Allied Airmen in Yugoslavia." In Međunaordna naučno-kulturološka konferencija “Istoriografija o BiH (2001–2017 )”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2020.186.11.
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During World War II, Allied bombing of German-controlled petroleum refineries in Ploesti, Romania, diminished Axis fuel production but cost the Allies hundreds of planes and thousands of lives. Crews of many damaged planes flew partway back to Italy but were forced to crash-land their craft or bail out over Yugoslavia, where many landed on territory controlled by Partisans or Chetniks. Local Yugoslavs (mainly peasants), as well as both Chetniks and Partisans, welcomed them and gave them shelter. They were then evacuated by Allied transport aircraft (principally C-47s) that landed on makeshift airstrips maintained by Partisans or Chetniks. The historiography of these rescues may be divided into document-based studies, prepared principally by US military personnel based on official records; and memory-based studies by pro-Mihailović authors based principally on participant memoirs. Whereas memory-based studies uniformly adopted a Serb nationalist viewpoint, document-based studies showed no favoritism and portrayed various factions working in parallel to rescue Allied airmen. After Milošević fell in 2000, the Foreign Minister of Serbia and Montenegro, Vuk Drašković, in cooperation with the US Embassy, united the movement to valorize downed airmen and local efforts to rehabilitate Mihailović. Whether deliberately or not, US officials thereby undercut human rights activists in Serbia, and non-Serbs throughout the former Yugoslavia, who saw Mihailović as a war criminal, collaborator, and inspiration for war crimes and genocide in the wars of the 1990s.
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Dyer, Robert S., Ella Barnes, Randall L. Snipes, Steinar Ho̸ibra˚ten, Valery Sveshnikov, and Nina Yanovskaya. "International Cooperative Program Addressing the Management of Military Spent Nuclear Fuel in Russia." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4796.
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Northwest Russia contains large quantities of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) that potentially threaten the environmental security of the surrounding Arctic Region. The majority of the SNF from Russian decommissioned nuclear submarines is currently stored either onboard submarines or in floating storage vesssels in Northwest Russia. Some of the SNF is damaged, stored in an unstable condition, or of a type that cannot currently be reprocessed. Most of the existing storage facilities being used in Northwest Russia do not meet health and safety and physical security requirements. Existing Russian transport infrastructure and reprocessing facilities cannot meet the requirements for moving and reprocessing this fuel. Therefore, additional interim storage capacity is required. The removal, handling, interim storage, and shipment of the fuel pose technical, ecological, and security challenges. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense and the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, along with the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, is working closely with the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation (RF) to develop an improved and integrated management system for interim storage of military SNF in NW Russia. The cooperative effort consists of three subprojects involving the development of: (1) a prototype dual-purpose, metal-concrete container for both transport and long-term storage of RF military SNF, (2) the first transshipment/interim storage facility for these containers, and (3) improved fuel preparation and cask loading procedures and systems to control the moisture levels within the containers. The first subproject, development of a prototype dual-purpose container, was completed in December 2000. This was the first metal-concrete container developed, licensed, and produced in Russia for both the transportation and storage of military SNF. These containers are now in serial production. Russia plans to use these containers for the transport and interim storage of military SNF from decommissioned nuclear submarines at naval installations in the Arctic and Far East. The second subproject, the design, construction, and licensing of the first transshipment/interim storage facility in Russia, was completed in September 2003. This facility can provide interim storage for up to nineteen 40-tonne SNF containers filled with SNF for a period not to exceed two years. The primary objective of building this transshipment/interim storage facility in Murmansk, Russia was to remove a bottleneck in the RF transportation infrastructure for moving containers, loaded with SNF, from the arctic region to PO “Mayak” for reprocessing or longer-term storage. The third subproject addresses the need to improve fuel conditioning and cask operating procedures to ensure safe storage of SNF for at least 50 years. This will involve the review and improvement of existing RF procedures and systems for preparing and loading the fuel in the specially designed casks for transport and long-term storage. This subproject is scheduled for completion in December 2003. Upon completion, these subprojects are designed to provide a physically secure, accountable, and environmentally sound integrated solution that will increase the capacity for removal and transfer of SNF from decommissioned RF submarines in the Russian Federation to PO “Mayak” in central Russia.
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Corporan, Edwin, Matthew J. DeWitt, Christopher D. Klingshirn, Shannon M. Mahurin, and Meng-Dawn Cheng. "Emissions Characteristics of a Legacy Military Aircraft." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59255.
Full textAbstract:
Emissions from aircraft and associated ground equipment are major sources of local pollution at airports and military bases. These pollutant emissions, especially particulate matter (PM), have been receiving significant attention lately due to their proven harmful health and environmental effects. As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tightens environmental standards, it is likely that military operations, including the basing of advanced and legacy aircraft, will be impacted. Accurate determination of emission indices from aircraft is necessary to properly assess their environmental burden. As such, the gaseous and PM emissions of a B-52 Stratofortress aircraft were characterized in this effort. This emissions study supports the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project WP-1401 to determine emissions factors from military aircraft. The main purpose of the project is to develop a comprehensive emissions measurement program using both conventional and advanced techniques to determine emissions factors for pollutants of fixed and rotating wing military aircraft. Standard practices for the measurement of gaseous emissions from aircraft have been well established; however, there is no certified methodology for the measurement of aircraft PM emissions. In this study, several conventional aerosol instruments were employed to physically characterize the PM emissions from two of the aircraft’s TF33 turbofan engines. Exit plane pollutant emissions were extracted via probes and transported through heated lines to the analytical instruments. Particle concentrations, size distributions and mass emissions, as well as engine smoke numbers (SN), soot volatile fraction and total hydrocarbon emissions were measured. The engines were tested at four power settings, from idle to 75% normal rated thrust (NRT) (95% N2 – turbine speed). Test results show relatively consistent PM and gaseous emissions between the two engines for most conditions tested. The measured TF33 PM mass emission indices (EI), including estimated sampling line losses, were in the range of 1.0–3.0 g/kg-fuel and the particle number (PN) EI were between 4.0–10.0E+15 particles/kg-fuel. The particle size data followed a single mode lognormal distribution for all power settings with particle geometric mean diameters ranging from 52 to 85 nm. In general, the aerosol instrumentation provided consistent and reliable measurements throughout the test campaign, therefore increasing confidence on their use for turbine engine PM emissions measurements.