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Journal articles on the topic 'Militia movements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Perry, Barbara, David Hofmann, and Ryan Scrivens. "Anti-Authority and Militia Movements in Canada." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 1, no. 3 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v1i3.822.

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   Academic explorations of anti-authority movements are virtually non- existent in Canada. We have no reliable primary data or empirical insights into Freemen-on-the-Land (FOTL) or other similar contingents. What we do know comes largely from Associate Chief Justice Rooke’s decision in Meads v. Meads (2012). He refers to the loose collection of individuals and small cells as “vexatious litigants.” In the absence of any academic assessment of these movements, we embarked on a one-year pilot project, bringing an exploratory and multi-method approach to this first such study. I

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Ebin, Chelsea. "Threats to Women/Women as Threats: Male Supremacy and the Anti-Statist Right." Laws 10, no. 2 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020041.

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Throughout the Trump administration, media coverage of extremist factions of the American right grew considerably, as did the actual membership and numbers of those factions. Included among these factions, and operating on a spectrum that ranges from the center-to-fringe right, are white supremacist, Christian nationalist, and militia/patriot/sovereign citizen (broadly termed constitutionalist) movements. While the American right is heterogeneous, most of these groups are composed of white men, and male supremacism is often a common ideological denominator. Based on historical trends, recent a

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Popova, A. D. "Battle after Victory: Causes of the Post-War Crime Rate Increase (1945–1950)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-62-70.

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The article features the causes of the crime rate increase that occurred in the Soviet Union after World War II. The author studied archival documents of the Chief Department of Gang Prevention, as well as memoirs written by militia officers and common citizens. The increase in gangsterism and crime in general presented a serious challenge for the country that had just won the most terrible war in human history. The author managed to define two major causes of crime rate increase in the post-war years. The first was poverty, homeless children, substandard living conditions, and poor organizati

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Grossman, Kandice. "TigerSwan at Standing Rock: Ethics of Private Military Use Against an Environmental-Justice Movement." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2019.002139.

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In 2016, thousands of people, led by Oceti Sakowin Tribal members, gathered at the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota in an attempt to stop the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline. The movement aroused international media attention, mass support from a wide range of individuals and environmental groups, and political debates regarding Indigenous rights, climate change, fossil fuel reliance, water protection, and corporate power. Ultimately, 10 months into the movement, it was halted by the US federal government and the pipeline was installed. During the movement, state and federa

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Ward, Megan. "Walls and Cows: Social Media, Vigilante Vantage, and Political Discourse." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (2020): 205630512092851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120928513.

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Vigilante groups in the United States and India have used social media to distribute their content and publicize violent spectacles for political purposes. This essay will tackle the spectacle of vigilante lynchings, abduction, and threats as images of vigilante violence are spread online in support of specific candidates, state violences, and election discourse. It is important to understand the impact of not only these vigilante groups, but understand the communicative spectacle of their content. Using Leo R. Chavez’s understanding of early 2000s vigilante action as spectacle in service of s

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Badmus, Isiaka Alani. "Ethnic Militia Movements and the Crisis of Political Order in Post-Military Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 3 (2006): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2006.11892549.

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Shittu, Adebisi Kolawole. "A Conceptual Examination of Militia Movements and Challenges to Socio- Economic Development in Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 6 (2013): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1462937.

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Chaloupka, William. "The County Supremacy and Militia Movements: Federalism as an Issue on the Radical Right." CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs 26, no. 3 (1996): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3330626.

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Chaloupka, W. "The County Supremacy and Militia Movements: Federalism as an Issue on the Radical Right." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 26, no. 3 (1996): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029861.

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10

Andreyev, Sergei. "Development Stages of Islamic Movements in the Pashtun Tribal Environment: The Case of the Rawshaniyya and Beyond." Iran and the Caucasus 25, no. 2 (2021): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20210204.

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The Rawshani movement is the first well-documented example of supra-tribal unification and subsequent successful integration of the movement’s leaders into the alien state structures. But by no means is it an isolated phenomenon in Pashtun history. Similar pattern of religion-motivated supra-tribal unification, which should be considered as a product of historical relationships of power, remerged inter alia during more recent crises in the Afghan history. Due to the volatile nature of the Afghan state fluctuating between tribalism and ethnic pluralistic participation, military and Islamic dime

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Stapleton, Timothy. "TThe Creation and Early Development of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) 1980-93." Revista Tempo e Argumento 13, no. 32 (2021): e0104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/2175180313322021e0104.

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Given the 2017 coup in Zimbabwe, a rare event in Southern Africa but sadly common in the rest of the continent, this paper discusses the beginnings of the politicization of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) during the 1980s. At the end of the country’s war for independence in 1980, the ZDF formed as an amalgamation of former Rhodesian state military personnel and insurgents from the liberation movements of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). Personnel from ZANU came to dominate Zimbabwe’s new military given the lack of a specific agreement

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Kim, Hun-Joo. "Decline in the Euibyeong (Righteous Militia) movements at the end of the Daehan Empire period, and their social isolation." YŎKSA WA HYŎNSIL : Quarterly Review of Korean History 111 (March 31, 2019): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.35865/ywh.2019.03.111.287.

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Mazuri, Mwanasha H., Paul Mwaeke, and Eric Bor. "Factors Impeding Government Security Agencies Responses in Combating Cattle Rustling in Baringo County-Kenya." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.2.198.

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This study was necessitated by persistent Cattle rustling in Baringo County despite the security responses put in place by the government. Baringo County hosts a contingent of security personnel from the Kenya Police Reservists, General Service Unit, Administration Police Anti Stock Theft Unit and, more recently, Kenya Defense Forces. The study was guided by three objectives; to establish the impact of operational dynamics in impeding the government security agencies responses in combating cattle rustling in Baringo South Sub- County, Kenya; to examine the effect of local community dynamics in

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Brancoli, Fernando, and Pedro Henrique Pedro Ramos Vasquez. "Deconstructing automatisms: Milicia practices and neopentescostal formations in Rio de Janeiro." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 4, no. 2 (2016): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v4i2.22256.

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The 2012 elections for governor in Rio de Janeiro gather special attention from national and international media analysts. The city politics was under scrutiny with the mega events hosted Brazil, like the Summer Olympic Games and the Soccer World Cup. In this sense, the strategies of the candidates for the organization of the city - mainly for public safety issues - were dissected and analysed for months leading up to the election day.In this context, as the disputes were being centralized in the candidates best placed in the pools, Luis Carlos Pezão (PMDB) and Marcelo Crivela (PRB), talks abo

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Jangaling, Dr Lujang John. "The Perils of Pro-Government Militias in African Transition Democracy: Case of RSF in the Sudan’s Conflict." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70992.

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Sudan has never experienced peace since it attained its independence from Britain in 1956. Most of the causes of the conflicts in Sudan are related to political domination, economic deprivation, and Islamization. The regime of former President Omar al Bashir since it took power from 1989-2019, it adopted a counter-insurgency strategy of using militias in the peripheral areas to confront alongside its army on the rebellious activities. The review literature on pro-government militias in the context of the unstable Sudan provides debates pertains violent atrocities committed by militias against

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Ugbudu, Martin Iorgbir. "Corruption, Social Justice And Political Instability In Nigeria." Journal of Global Economics and Business 1, no. 1 (2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgeb.v1i1.85.

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Since the advent of democratic rule in Nigeria in 1999, hitherto long nurtured but suppressed feelings of neglect, marginalization, discrimination and domination by aggrieved communities, nationalities/sections of the society against the Nigerian state have burst in the open; and the political landscape has been inundated with separatist agitation movements, calls for resource control/true federalism and the restructuring of the polity. This has surreptitiously given vent to emergence of ethnic militia, escalation of youth restiveness, acts of kidnapping and hostage taking which have posed a t

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17

MULLOY, DARREN. "Conversing with the Dead: The Militia Movement and American History." Journal of American Studies 38, no. 3 (2004): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875804008734.

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If one forgets the past, he will not be prepared for the future.The Militia of MontanaYES! TODAY JUST AS YESTERDAY.The Michigan MilitiaWhen the militia movement emerged in the United States during the mid 1990s its members were widely seen as simply the latest practitioners of what Richard Hofstadter famously called “the paranoid style in American politics.” There was much comfort to be had in this characterization. It fitted the militia movement into a long-standing model for understanding right-wing extremism in American life, one in which the principal characteristics of such extremism were

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Bradt, David A., Christina M. Drummond, and Mark Richman. "Complex Emergencies in Indonesia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 4 (2001): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043454.

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AbstractRecently, Indonesia has experienced six major provincial, civil, armed conflicts. Underlying causes include the transmigration policy, sectarian disputes, the Asian economic crisis, fall of authoritarian rule, and a backlash against civil and military abuses. The public health impact involves the displacement nationwide of >1.2 million persons. Violence in the Malukus, Timor, and Kalimantan has sparked the greatest population movements such that five provinces in Indonesia each now harbor > 100,000 internally displaced persons. With a background of government instability, hyperin

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Tyumentsev, Igor. "Cossacks in the Movement of Zemstvo Militias in Russia (1611–1612)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.4.1.

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ntroduction. The issue of the Cossacks’ participation in the events of the Time of Troubles in the last decades is one of the most relevant in connection with the modern social movement for “the recovery of the Cossacks”. Methods and materials. Studies of the late 20th – early 21st centuries show that one of the main forces of the rebel movement at the first stages of the Time of Troubles were the Cossacks who were in military public service of the cities of the southern Ukraine of Russia. Researchers have quite deeply developed the issue of the Cossacks’ participation in the movements of impo

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Banatvala, Nicholas, Alison J. Roger, Ailsa Denny, and John P. Howarth. "Mortality and Morbidity Among Rwandan Refugees Repatriated from Zaire, November, 1996." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 13, no. 2-4 (1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030107.

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AbstractIntroduction:Following renewed ethnic violence at the end of September 1996, conflict between Tutsi rebels and the Zairian army spread to North Kivu, Zaire where approximately 700,000 Rwandan Hutu refugees resided following the 1994 genocide. After a major rebel offensive against the camps' militia groups on 15 November, a massive movement of refugees towards Rwanda through Goma town, the capital of North Kivu, began. Massive population movements such as this are likely to be associated with substantial mortality and morbidity.Objective:To study patterns of mortality, morbidity, and he

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21

Berry, Damon T. "“Good Militias” for Trump: Race, Religion, and Legitimacy in the Modern Militia Movement." Religions 14, no. 12 (2023): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14121465.

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Since the mid-1990s, the popular perception of the militia movement in the United States has associated it with racism and far-right expressions of Christianity. There are good reasons for this assessment, though the movement is more complex than such generalizations suggest. In this article, I describe how Oath Keepers mobilized the image of a “good militia” seeking broader legitimacy and how their efforts have often been damaged by troubling and even criminal elements in their organization, which included militant efforts to keep Trump in power by attempting to subvert the 2020 election. I f

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Kozlyakov, Vyacheslav. "Military Operations of the Polish-Lithuanian Garrison in Moscow Against the First Zemstvo Militia in Early 1611." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 1 (2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.1.3.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the military confrontation between the PolishLithuanian garrison and the Zemstvo forces to counter the organization of the First Zemstvo Militia led by P.P. Lyapunov in early 1611. Methods and materials. Information is analyzed from the previously unknown manuscript of the Diary of the Campaign of King Sigismund III recently introduced into the scientific circulation of materials from the “Russian Archive of Jan Sapieha”, the translation of “The Diary of Jan Peter Sapieha”, royal messenger Jan Komorowski’s report on the uprising in Moscow on

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23

YABLON, ARIEL. "Disciplined Rebels: The Revolution of 1880 in Buenos Aires." Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 3 (2008): 483–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08004379.

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AbstractThis article studies the relationship between electoral processes, popular mobilisation, and revolutionary movements in Argentina at the end of the nineteenth century. Focusing on the revolution of 1880, it is argued that the fraud in favour of General Julio A. Roca, that was perceived to have occurred in the presidential election of that year, resulted in the mobilisation of vast sectors of the Buenos Aires population and the organisation of militias. By analysing the social composition, organisation, and sources of recruitment of these militias, the article claims that although perso

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Katz, Rebecca S., and Joey Bailey. "The Militia, a Legal and Social Movement Analysis: Will the Real Militia Please Stand Up? Militia Hate Group or the Constitutional Militia?" Sociological Focus 33, no. 2 (2000): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2000.10571162.

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Yogatama, Rilva Deni, Moh Ali Fadillah, and Yuni Maryuni. "Militia Movement in Tangerang Incident of 1946." HISTORIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah 11, no. 2 (2023): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/hj.v11i2.8420.

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Nikolaev, Dmitry, and Irina Khvostova. "Volunteers in the Nizhny Novgorod reserve militia 1812–1813." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 9-2 (2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202209statyi41.

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This article discusses the features of the volunteer movement to join the Nizhny Novgorod reserve militia of 1812-1813, assembled in connection with the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. Based on the documents of the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the total number of volunteers was revealed and conclusions were drawn about the trends in the development of the volunteer movement in this era.

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Crothers, Lane. "The Cultural Foundations of the Modern Militia Movement." New Political Science 24, no. 2 (2002): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393140220145225.

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Freilich, Joshua D., Jeremy A. Pienik, and Gregory J. Howard. "Toward Comparative Studies of the U.S. Militia Movement." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 42, no. 1 (2001): 163–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851801300171751.

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Freilich, J. D., J. A. Pienik, and G. J. Howard. "Toward Comparative Studies of the U.S. Militia Movement." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 42, no. 1-2 (2001): 163–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071520104200108.

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Jeon, Myeonggil. "A Study of Legal Philosophy on the 5·18 Civilian Militia's Activities: Centered on the Relationship between Governmental Authority and Vigilantism." Democracy and Peace Institute, Chosun University 5, no. 2 (2022): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55082/jdp.2022.5.2.25.

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The May-18 Citizen Militia, as a good-willed vigilante corps armed to resist the evil governmental authority after the mass firing of martial law forces on May 21, 1980, realized a peaceful world called Dae-dong-se-sang (or the wholly equalized one) for 5 days from the 22nd until the 26th of the month and publicized the New-Army Group's crime of destroying the constitutional order and Gwangju citizens' dedicated efforts around the world through the Final Resistance. This paper specifies the spirit of May 18 Demonstration Movement by examining the vigilante activities of the militia and illumin

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Stetsyshyn, O. ""JEWISH MILITIA" AS THE THIRD SIDE BETWEEN UKRAINIAN AND POLISH ARMED FORCES DURING THE BATTLE FOR LEMBERG OF NOVEMBER 1-21, 1918." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.11.

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The article is devoted to the activities of the militia created by the Jewish community of Lviv on November 1, 1918 after the proclamation of the independent Ukrainian state in this city. The aim of the militia, initiated by supporters of the Zionist movement, was to protect the Jewish community in Lviv from possible pogroms. Particular attention is paid to the military-political situation in Lviv in November 1918 and in the Eastern European region in general, which had a decisive influence on the establishment of the Jewish militia. Emphasised is also placed on the positive attitude of the Je

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Zaman, Maheen. "Jihad & Co.: Black Markets and Islamist Power." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.490.

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In this critically insightful and highly readable book of political ethnogra- phy, Aisha Ahmad, a political scientist at University of Toronto, seeks to explain how and why Islamist movements continue to militarily prevail and politically succeed in forming proto-states, over clan, ethnic, and/or tribal based competitions, amidst the chaos and disorder of civil wars across the contemporary Muslim world, from Mali to Mindanao. To this end, Ahmad seeks to go beyond the usual expositions that center the explanatory power of Islamist ideologies and identities, which dominate the scholarly fields o

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Zaman, Maheen. "Jihad & Co.: Black Markets and Islamist Power." American Journal of Islam and Society 35, no. 3 (2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i3.490.

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In this critically insightful and highly readable book of political ethnogra- phy, Aisha Ahmad, a political scientist at University of Toronto, seeks to explain how and why Islamist movements continue to militarily prevail and politically succeed in forming proto-states, over clan, ethnic, and/or tribal based competitions, amidst the chaos and disorder of civil wars across the contemporary Muslim world, from Mali to Mindanao. To this end, Ahmad seeks to go beyond the usual expositions that center the explanatory power of Islamist ideologies and identities, which dominate the scholarly fields o

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34

Young, John. "Sudan: liberation movements, regional armies, ethnic militias & peace." Review of African Political Economy 30, no. 97 (2003): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659775.

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35

Cai, Yuan. "The Chinese Legionaries at the Western Frontier: The Military Role of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 1960-1975." Journal of Chinese Military History 1, no. 1 (2012): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221274512x651651.

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Abstract The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) is an important paramilitary organization in Xinjiang with the mandate of checking the Uyghur independence movement. However, in the past the XPCC also played an important military role as a strategic reserve force for the defence of Xinjiang, especially during the period of Sino-Soviet confrontation. This paper examines available documentary and archival materials on the national defence role played by the XPCC during the height of the Sino-Soviet split, especially with reference to the XPCC militia and frontier farms.

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Thurber, Ches. "Militias as sociopolitical movements: Lessons from Iraq's armed Shia groups." Small Wars & Insurgencies 25, no. 5-6 (2014): 900–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2014.945633.

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Freilich, Joshua D., Nelson A. Pichardo Almanzar, and Craig J. Rivera. "How social movement organizations explicitly and implicitly promote deviant behavior: The case of the militia movement." Justice Quarterly 16, no. 3 (1999): 655–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829900094301.

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Morelon, Claire. "Respectable Citizens: Civic Militias, Local Patriotism, and Social Order in Late Habsburg Austria (1890‒1920)." Austrian History Yearbook 51 (March 24, 2020): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237820000156.

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AbstractThis article analyzes the role of urban civic militias (burgher corps) in Habsburg Austria from the end of the nineteenth century to the aftermath of World War I. Far from a remnant of the early modern past, by the turn of the twentieth century these militias were thriving local institutions. They fostered dynastic patriotism and participated in the growing promotion of shooting among the population in the lead-up to the conflict. But they also played a major role in upholding the bourgeois ideals of protection of social hierarchies and property. In the context of the rise of the worke

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Aksan, Virginia H. "Locating the Ottomans Among Early Modern Empires." Journal of Early Modern History 3, no. 2 (1999): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006599x00017.

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AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of Ottoman military and defensive strategies in the Balkans from 1600 to 1800. It argues that three major imperial crises, engendered by sustained warfare, forced a transition from a standing army to state commissioned militias. To do so, it sites the Ottoman imperial context in a discussion of multiethnic eastern European empires, comparing Ottoman options and limitations with those of the Habsburgs and the Romanovs for the same period. The geopolitics of Danubian and Black Sea frontier territories, and the relationship between imperial center and na

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Aksan, Virginia H. "Locating the Ottomans Among Early Modern Empires." Journal of Early Modern History 3, no. 3 (1999): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006599x00189.

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AbstractThis paper describes the evolution of Ottoman military and defensive strategies in the Balkans from 1600 to 1800. It argues that three major imperial crises, engendered by sustained warfare, forced a transition from a standing army to state commissioned militias. To do so, it sites the Ottoman imperial context in a discussion of multiethnic eastern European empires, comparing Ottoman options and limitations with those of the Habsburgs and the Romanovs for the same period. The geopolitics of Danubian and Black Sea frontier territories, and the relationship between imperial center and na

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Naumkin, V. V., and V. A. Kuznetsov. "Deja vu: Medieval Motifs in Modern Arab Political Life." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (2019): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-38-53.

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The article analyzes specific elements of the Arab societies’ political life which distinguish it from political relations in the Western nation-states. Admitting the existence of a large number of such kind of elements, the authors focus only on three of them which are related to the sources of power and its distribution. Emphasizing that these elements are deeply rooted into the Arab-Muslim political tradition, so that they have tended to be present throughout the whole Islamic period of the region, the authors find out that each of them has its own medieval countertype. Thus, the article ad

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Jipson, Art. "Book Review: The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right." Humanity & Society 26, no. 3 (2002): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059760202600312.

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Suzuki, Yumi. "Book Review: Searching for a Demon: The Media Construction of the Militia Movement." Criminal Justice Review 29, no. 1 (2004): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680402900146.

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Angulo Rincón, Lizandro. "The Pendulum Movement of Conflict, Gender, Environment, and Peacebuilding." Revista Calarma 2, no. 2 (2023): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59514/2954-72613102.

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The beginning of 2023 brought pendular news on conflict and peacebuilding, the subject of the dossier of the Calarma Journal Number 2. On the one end, the war between Ukraine and Russia, one of the most Global since World War II, commemorates a year of confrontation with 300,000 military and 18,000 civilian deaths (Maguey, 2023) caused by the bombings and the clash of the infantry between the sides in contention. Moreover, this is one of the 32 active conflicts disclosed by the Escola de Cultura de Pau of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in its 2021 report on conflicts, human rights, and

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Angulo Rincón, Lizandro. "The Pendulum Movement of Conflict, Gender, Environment, and Peacebuilding." Revista Calarma 2, no. 2 (2023): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59514/2954-72613101.

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The beginning of 2023 brought pendular news on conflict and peacebuilding, the subject of the dossier of the Calarma Journal Number 2. On the one end, the war between Ukraine and Russia, one of the most Global since World War II, commemorates a year of confrontation with 300,000 military and 18,000 civilian deaths (Maguey, 2023) caused by the bombings and the clash of the infantry between the sides in contention. Moreover, this is one of the 32 active conflicts disclosed by the Escola de Cultura de Pau of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in its 2021 report on conflicts, human rights, and

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Angulo Rincón, Lizandro. "The Pendulum Movement of Conflict, Gender, Environment, and Peacebuilding." Revista Calarma 2, no. 2 (2023): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59514/2954-7261.3101.

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Abstract:

The beginning of 2023 brought pendular news on conflict and peacebuilding, the subject of the dossier of the Calarma Journal Number 2. On the one end, the war between Ukraine and Russia, one of the most Global since World War II, commemorates a year of confrontation with 300,000 military and 18,000 civilian deaths (Maguey, 2023) caused by the bombings and the clash of the infantry between the sides in contention. Moreover, this is one of the 32 active conflicts disclosed by the Escola de Cultura de Pau of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in its 2021 report on conflicts, human rights, and

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Angulo Rincón, Lizandro. "The Pendulum Movement of Conflict, Gender, Environment, and Peacebuilding." Revista Calarma 2, no. 2 (2023): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59514/2954-7261.3102.

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Abstract:

The beginning of 2023 brought pendular news on conflict and peacebuilding, the subject of the dossier of the Calarma Journal Number 2. On the one end, the war between Ukraine and Russia, one of the most Global since World War II, commemorates a year of confrontation with 300,000 military and 18,000 civilian deaths (Maguey, 2023) caused by the bombings and the clash of the infantry between the sides in contention. Moreover, this is one of the 32 active conflicts disclosed by the Escola de Cultura de Pau of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in its 2021 report on conflicts, human rights, and

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TERRETTA, MEREDITH. "‘GOD OF INDEPENDENCE, GOD OF PEACE’: VILLAGE POLITICS AND NATIONALISM IN THE MAQUIS OF CAMEROON, 1957–71." Journal of African History 46, no. 1 (2005): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853704000374.

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The story of freedom fighter Jean Djonteu provides a new approach to the history of Union des populations du Cameroun (UPC) nationalism in the Grassfields and Mungo regions of Cameroon. Within the context of Baham, his village of origin, Djonteu's actions and tracts reveal his politico-spiritual reasons for joining the UPC militia in its revolutionary fight against Franco-Cameroonian state administration. UPC nationalism and village political culture formed a hybrid of political ideologies, or a ‘village nationalism’ articulating UPC anti-colonialism with Grassfields political concepts of nati

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KAYA, Şerife Burcu, Ümit Ünsal KAYA, and Yakup BULUT. "THE ROLE OF BAYAT IN THE TURKISH NATIONAL STRUGGLE PROCESS ON THE AXIS OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL (BAYATLI) ARIF BEY AND KARAKEÇILI NATIONAL REGIMENT." Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 1, no. 57 (2023): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1242250.

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As a result of the National Struggle, which can also be described as the struggle for the survival of Turkishness, the Turkish nation has shown the whole world what they can endure for the sake of an inch of land even under very difficult conditions. In the absence of a regular army during the period of the National Struggle, we see that a number of patriotic formations emerged to protect the unity of the homeland. These formations, called Kuvâ-yi Milliye, mean voluntary militia units that came together against the occupation forces for the independence of the homeland by taking strength from

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James, Nigel. "Militias, the Patriot Movement, and the Internet: The Ideology of Conspiracism." Sociological Review 48, no. 2_suppl (2000): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2000.tb03521.x.

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