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Journal articles on the topic 'Milk Protein Allergy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ewart, Fiona A. "Making Milk Less Allergenic." STEM Fellowship Journal 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2018-008.

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The formation of stable aggregates by food proteins is associated with allergenicity. In particular, amyloid formation by the fish allergen parvalbumin was recently shown to favor IgE binding and subsequent allergic recognition. Therefore, reducing amyloid content in an allergenic food might offer a direct way to make that food less likely to trigger an allergy. In this project, protein aggregation and amyloid formation were studied in milk using gel electrophoresis and fluorescence-based assays. The results suggested that ordinary pasteurized milk from the grocery store contained protein aggregates and specifically amyloid. Processing the milk as normally done during food preparation did not appreciably affect general aggregation or amyloid formation. However, the addition of some polyphenol-containing food products to the milk appeared to result in reduced amyloid levels. Moreover, cranberry juice also appeared to reduce amyloid formation by the milk protein casein. These results suggest that the addition of cranberry or other polyphenol-rich foods to milk products for young children may reduce the risk of milk allergy development by diminishing protein aggregation.

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2

Platonova, Natalia B. "Allergy to cow’s milk protein." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped73153-156.

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The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing year by year. Atopic dermatitis (AD) - the earliest clinical manifestation of atopy. By definition, atopic dermatitis is the allergic skin disease that occurs usually in early childhood in individuals with hereditary predisposition to atopic diseases having a chronic relapsing course, age characteristics of the location and morphology of the foci of inflammation, characterized by pruritus and caused hypersensitivity as to allergens, and to nonspecific irritants. Food and inhalant allergens play an important role in the formation of atopic dermatitis. The protein of cow’s milk is one of the first products to which developing sensitization. This is especially important for children in their first year of life. During this period neonatologists of the maternity hospital and precinct pediatricians are very important to assess the risk of a child’s food allergy and, if necessary, artificial feeding or supplementary feeding to recommend an artificial mixture, taking into account evaluation results. The proper purpose depends largely on whether the risk is realized or not, as well as the effectiveness of treatment in the presence of existing clinical manifestations, because a rational diet is the guiding principle of therapy of atopic dermatitis in infants. Unfortunately, precinct pediatricians do not always assess the situation correctly. The article gives a clinical case, an example of which analyzed the most typical errors made when bottle-fed infants with food allergy to cow’s milk protein.

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3

Solinas, C., M. Corpino, R. Maccioni, and U. Pelosi. "Cow's milk protein allergy." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 23, sup3 (September 14, 2010): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.512103.

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4

Dhesi, Amrit, Gillian Ashton, Maria Raptaki, and Nick Makwana. "Cow's milk protein allergy." Paediatrics and Child Health 30, no. 7 (July 2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2020.04.003.

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5

Mousan, Grace, and Deepak Kamat. "Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy." Clinical Pediatrics 55, no. 11 (August 31, 2016): 1054–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816664512.

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6

Brigstocke, Lisa. "Cow’s milk protein allergy." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 8, no. 5 (April 7, 2015): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738015577803.

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7

Dekker, Pieter M., Sjef Boeren, Alet H. Wijga, Gerard H. Koppelman, Jacques J. M. Vervoort, and Kasper A. Hettinga. "Maternal Allergy and the Presence of Nonhuman Proteinaceous Molecules in Human Milk." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041169.

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Human milk contains proteins and/or protein fragments that originate from nonhuman organisms. These proteinaceous molecules, of which the secretion might be related to the mother’s allergy status, could be involved in the development of the immune system of the infant. This may lead, for example, to sensitization or the induction of allergen-specific tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between maternal allergy and the levels of nonhuman proteinaceous molecules in their milk. In this study, we analysed trypsin-digested human milk serum proteins of 10 allergic mothers and 10 nonallergic mothers. A search was carried out to identify peptide sequences originating from bovine or other allergenic proteins. Several methods were applied to confirm the identification of these sequences, and the differences between both groups were investigated. Out of the 78 identified nonhuman peptide sequences, 62 sequences matched Bos taurus proteins. Eight peptide sequences of bovine β -lactoglobulin had significantly higher levels in milk from allergic mothers than in milk from nonallergic mothers. Dietary bovine β -lactoglobulin may be absorbed through the intestinal barrier and secreted into human milk. This seems to be significantly higher in allergic mothers and might have consequences for the development of the immune system of their breastfed infant.

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8

Varlamov, E. E., T. S. Okuneva, and A. N. Pampura. "The relationship between sensitization to allergens of cow’s and goat’s milk at children with atopic dermatitis." Russian Journal of Allergy 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja641.

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Introduction. The main principle of treatment of cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the elimination from the diet of cow’s milk. However recently has been discussing the possibility to substitute the cow’s milk with goat’s milk in children with allergy to cow s milk protein. Background. To determine the relationship between sensitization to cow’s milk specific allergens in goat’s milk sensitized children. Methods. The study included 88 children with suspected allergy to CMA. All patients underwent determination of specific IgE to allergen of cow’s and goat’s milk allergen (ImmunoCAP 100 Phadia AB). We identified 35 children with sensitization to cow’s milk and measured specific IgE to α-laktalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and casein. Results. Sensitization to goat’s milk was estimated in 83% of patients with sensitization to cow’s milk. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of specific IgE to goat’s milk allergen and specific IgE to the cow’s milk allergen (R=0,91, p=0,0000001), a-laktalbumin (R=0,76, p=0,000007), β-lactoglobulin (R=0,72, p=0,000038) and casein (R=0,91, p=0,0000001). Conclusion. Formulas based on goat milk can not be considered hypoallergenic for children allergic to cow’s milk. Crosssensitization is mediated mainly with sensitization to casein. Introduction of goat milk and its derivatives in the diet of a child with an allergy to cow’s milk can be proven only by the absence of clinically relevant sensitization to goat milk.

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9

Nazaruddin, Nazaruddin, Hamdani Budiman, Basri A. Gani, Subhaini Jakfar, M. Hasan, and Muhammad Hanafiah. "PROFILE OF ALLERGY HYPERPLASMA PATHOLOGIC ANTIBODY AND IMMUNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC." Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v11i1.5299.

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The objective of this research was to determine the allergy hyperplasma pathologic antibody and to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics. Blood and serum were collected from human suffering rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma allergies. To obtain a cloned allergen plasma protein (protein allergen that had been induced with the serum from human with allergic rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma), the goat was used as an intermediate animal. Hematological analysis showed that the leukocyte cell such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil increase in allergic-suffered human. The blood smear test exhibited that the mastocyte cell was dominant which contributes to allergy activities in human body. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylimide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay detected protein allergens with molecular weight of 188 kDa (IgE) and 60-62 kDa (mastocyte cell). The reactivity assay using enzyme linked immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) revealed that cloned-allergens (whole hyperplasma allergen from goat isolates) express the best reactivity at various concentrations of IgE than the leukocyte cells. This research concluded that the clones of protein allergen have better immunogenic characteristic and those proteins can be recommended as the candidate of allergen to induce the humoral immunity on host and deliver specific product of anti-allergy such as milk.

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10

Hodgkinson, Alison J., Natalie A. McDonald, and Brad Hine. "Effect of raw milk on allergic responses in a murine model of gastrointestinal allergy." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 3 (May 29, 2014): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514001044.

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Epidemiological studies have shown an association between the consumption of raw farm milk and reduced incidence of allergy. In the present study, we fed untreated raw milk, gamma-sterilised milk, heat-treated milk or water to mice and compared their responses to allergen exposure and challenge treatment in a mouse model of gastrointestinal allergy. From weaning (3 weeks old), groups of BALB/c female mice (n8) received raw milk, gamma-sterilised milk, heated milk or water via drink bottles, with the control group receiving water. All mice were fed a standard (dairy protein-free) rodent diet. At 6 and 8 weeks, groups were given intra-peritoneal injections with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum to sensitise them to the antigen. Controls were sham immunised. At week 10, mice were fasted and challenged four times on alternate days by intra-gastric administration with 50 mg OVA or saline. Levels of bacteria and milk proteins were assessed in milk samples. Mouse serum levels of specific IgE, IgG1and IgG2aantibodies and mouse mast cell protease-1 (MMCP-1) were determined. Cytokine responses to 48 h activation with OVA were measured in cultured splenocytes from mice. Sterilised and heated milks contained no viable bacteria and reduced detectable levels of many milk proteins, in contrast to raw milk. Mice drinking raw milk had highest serum MMCP-1 and specific-OVA IgE responses. Cultured splenocytes from OVA-primed mice produced similar levels of IL-4 in response to the antigen; however, IL-10 levels were highest from mice drinking raw milk. Overall, the present study adds to the evidence that consuming different types of milk can affect allergic responses to a non-related dietary antigen.

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11

Urashima, Mitsuyoshi, and Hiroshi Tachimoto. "Early cow's milk formula prevents milk protein allergy." Journal of Pediatrics 230 (March 2021): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.050.

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12

Dupont, Christophe, Alain Bocquet, Daniel Tomé, Marie Bernard, Florence Campeotto, Pascale Dumond, Anna Essex, et al. "Hydrolyzed Rice Protein-Based Formulas, a Vegetal Alternative in Cow’s Milk Allergy." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092654.

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Formulas adapted to infant feeding, although most of the time made from cow’s milk proteins, can be made from hydrolyzed rice protein but they must be classified as “formulas for specific medical needs”, according to European regulations. The nutritional quality of rice proteins is thus suitable to be used in infant formulas giving that it is supplemented by certain amino acids which can be lacking. Besides, hydrolysis is required to facilitate their water solubility and digestibility. Owing to a low allergenicity of rice and to the absence of the cross-allergy between milk proteins and rice proteins, these formulas are adapted to the diet of children with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), which explains their growing use in some countries. However, CMPA, an expanding disorder, has consequences for growth, bone mineralization, and often has an association with allergy to other foods, including cow’s milk extensive hydrolysate, so that a surveillance of the adaption of hydrolyzed rice protein formulas (HRPF) to CMPA, the absence of unexpected side effects, and the appropriate response to its various health hazards seems mandatory. This paper analyses the health problem deriving from CMPA, the industrial development of hydrolyzed rice protein formulas, and the limited number of clinical studies, which confirms, at the moment, a good allergic tolerance and safety. The goal is to better advise heath care professionals on their use of HRPFs during CMPA.

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13

Zhao, Xiaoli, Suzan Thijssen, Hongbing Chen, Johan Garssen, Leon M. J. Knippels, and Astrid Hogenkamp. "Selenium Modulates the Allergic Response to Whey Protein in a Mouse Model for Cow’s Milk Allergy." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082479.

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Cow’s milk allergy is a common food allergy in infants, and is associated with an increased risk of developing other allergic diseases. Dietary selenium (Se), one of the essential micronutrients for humans and animals, is an important bioelement which can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the effects of Se on food allergy are still largely unknown. In the current study it was investigated whether dietary Se supplementation can inhibit whey-induced food allergy in an animal research model. Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were intragastrically sensitized with whey protein and cholera toxin and randomly assigned to receive a control, low, medium or high Se diet. Acute allergic symptoms, allergen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and mast cell degranulation were determined upon whey challenge. Body temperature was significantly higher in mice that received the medium Se diet 60 min after the oral challenge with whey compared to the positive control group, which is indicative of impaired anaphylaxis. This was accompanied by reductions in antigen-specific immunoglobulins and reduced levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). This study demonstrates that oral Se supplementation may modulate allergic responses to whey by decreasing specific antibody responses and mMCP-1 release.

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14

Derebery, M. Jennifer. "Prevalence of Heat Shock Protein in Patients with Meniere's Disease and Allergy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 126, no. 6 (June 2002): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.125297.

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OBJECTIVE: The study purpose was to investigate the prevalence of elevated heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in patients with Meniere's disease who have milk allergy compared with those who are not allergic to milk. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with Meniere's disease and allergy in whom milk allergy had been confirmed by intradermal progressive dilutional food testing or skin testing to milk antigen were included. Blood serum was tested for HSP-70 elevation with a Western blot assay using bovine renal extract. The 29 women and 26 men ranged in age from 29 to 76 years (mean age 52.8 years). Forty percent of the patients had bilateral Meniere's disease. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of HSP-70 elevation was 29.1%. This was higher in bilateral patients (50%) than unilateral patients (15%) ( P ≤ 0.007). The effect was based primarily on elevated HSP-70 in bilateral (62.5%) and unilateral (7.7%) patients in those with no milk allergy ( P ≤ 0.006). The prevalence of HSP-70 elevation was actually lower in those with milk allergy (19.2%) than in those with no milk allergy (37.9%). This difference was statistically significant only in the subset of patients who were <50 years old (0% vs 33.3%, respectively; P ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We found no relationship between the presence of antibodies to HSP-70 and allergy to milk. The significance of elevated HSP-70 in patients with Meniere's disease has yet to be defined.

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15

Santo, Maria, Maria Auxtero, Alexandra Figueiredo, and Isabel Costa. "Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: The Hidden Danger of Medicines’ Excipients." Medical Sciences Forum 5, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/msf2021005032.

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In patients with a cow’s milk protein allergy, the presence of these allergens in medicines, even in trace amounts, can trigger serious allergic reactions. The study of milk-related excipient prevalence in 165 antiasthmatic medicines, based on the information included in the Summary of Product Characteristics, revealed the presence of lactose in more than one third of these medicines. Since lactose may suffer cross-contamination with cow’s milk protein, these results are an alert to health professionals.

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16

Sambrook, Jan. "Incidence of cow’s milk protein allergy." British Journal of General Practice 66, no. 651 (September 29, 2016): 512.2–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16x687277.

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17

Keith, Jeanette N. "Lactose Intolerance and Milk Protein Allergy." Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 18, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-019-00265-y.

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18

Vandenplas, Yvan, Elisabeth De Greef, and Thierry Devreker. "Treatment of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy." Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition 17, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2014.17.1.1.

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19

Richards, D. G., S. Somers, R. M. Issenman, and G. W. Stevenson. "Cow's milk protein/soy protein allergy: gastrointestinal imaging." Radiology 167, no. 3 (June 1988): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.167.3.3363128.

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Taylor, G. A. "Cow's milk protein/soy protein allergy: gastrointestinal imaging." Radiology 167, no. 3 (June 1988): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.167.3.3363156.

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21

Pushpa, B. P., G. S. Bhat, and H. M. Jayaprakasha. "Effect of Heat Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reduction in Allergenicity of Milk Proteins." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.2.19651.

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The allergy due to different fractions of milk protein was estimated by the level of milk specific Ig E blood sera of children suspected for milk allergy with a history of symptoms such as wheezing, diarrhoea or dermatitis. It was observed that among the milk proteins β - lactoglobulin of whey protein is the most potent allergen. Effect of heat treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on reduction in β - lactoglobulin allergenicity was investigated by inhibition ELISA while heat treatment could reduce the allergenicity only to the extent of 12.5%, enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the allergenicity significantly. The extent of hydrolysis as well as the enzyme used had significant role in reduction of milk protein allergenicity. The degree of hydrolysis corresponded well with the reduction of milk protein allergenicity. Though chymotrypsin was effective in hydrolyzing β - lactoglobulin, neutrase was more effective in reducing the allergenicity by 52% even at lower degree of hydrolysis. The combination of chymotrypsin and neutrase was found to be more useful in hydrolysis as well as reduction in allergenicity of the protein.

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22

Wilson, Janice. "Milk Intolerance: Lactose Intolerance and Cow's Milk Protein Allergy." Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews 5, no. 4 (December 2005): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2005.08.004.

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23

Baghlaf, Mashail A., and Noura M. S. Eid. "Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis Aspects and Nutrition Therapy in Relation to both IgE and IgG Cow’s Milk Protein Allergies among a Population of Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.02.

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Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) becoming a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of health professionals and researchers. This paper aimed to review the important aspects of both IgE and IgG types of cow’s milk protein allergy in terms of prevalence, clinical manifestation, risk factors, other health-related issues and nutritional therapy proposed for such allergies in the adult and pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. A search on “cow’s milk allergy” was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus Engine for published papers between 1993 and 2020 to find studies yielding knowledge on that context. The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants is now in the range of 2–3%. This type of allergy is also detected in adulthood but less frequently. CMPA is defined as an immunological reaction to specific proteins in milk. CMPA is classified based on its type as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated form and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated form, each type representing different immunological pathways. The presence of Genetic aspects, family history and short duration of breastfeeding in the infant are among the risk factors contributing to this form of allergy. Its manifestations mainly present as skin presentation, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation in most cases in addition to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction that may occur in 12% of cases. food allergy committees have developed strict diagnosis criteria, including blood testing for food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), a skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) as the gold standard. A diet free of cow’s milk protein (CMP) allergen and including the appropriate alternative milk formula is the first line of prevention recommended by many organizations and food allergy experts. As for Saudi Arabia, more research and clinical trials are required to discuss the various aspects of adult and pediatric CMPA and to provide a better understanding along with good control strategies implementation.

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24

Putniòa, Irēna, Silvija Remberga, and Ingrîda Rumba-Rozenfelde. "Feeding Infants with Cow’S Milk and Soy Allergy: Social and Economic Aspects of Efficacy." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0060.

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Abstract Allergy to cow’s milk protein and/or soy is common among allergic diseases in infants. They appear at an early infant stage and remain important in clinical practice from one up to three years. According to clinical research, cow’s milk allergy affects about 1.9-4.9% of babies and infants, respectively, and in addition some of them also suffer from soy protein allergy. Dietary prevention of allergic protein by its elimination in food is a significant part of treatment, and allows adequate development of babies and restricts the risk of progressive allergic diseases. Securing exclusive breastfeeding is one of the basic principles in successful therapy treatment. However, there are cases when breastfeeding does not prevent the development of cross milk protein allergy. Only adequate special feeding formulas can provide both energy needs and sufficient quantity of proteins (8.9-11.5%) in food when breastfeeding is not possible. Knowledge of effective compensation mechanisms become apparent by analysing the situation in Europe and USA in the area of different available feeding formulas using both the medical insurance system and randomised formula providing tolerance of the mixture at about 90-95%. The goal of research was to determine the correlation between the availability of a special mixture, parental adherence and treatment outcomes. Applying special formulas is a routine part of treatment, and there is no doubt about its efficacy. No compensation mechanisms exist in present-day Latvia, and the current complicated economic situation in Latvia reduces the ability of parents to choose and buy appropriate formula food. Therefore, a substantial part of therapy treatment is unavailable to infants. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children in Latvia needs special consideration also because of poor knowledge of parents regarding the real situation.

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Sentsova, T. B., O. O. Kirillova, I. V. Vorozhko, V. A. Revyakina, O. Yu Monosova, S. N. Denisova, M. Yu Belitskaya, A. M. Timopheeva, and M. N. Myagkova. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy." Russian Journal of Allergy 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja575.

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Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy to cow’s milk protein. Materials and methods. 126 bottlefed infants aged from 1 to 12 months were examined for mucosal immunity and bowel microbiota parameters. Results. The changes of intestinal microbiota with in creased of conditionally pathogenic species (Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter spp., etc.) with normal rates of anaerobic bacteria (bifido- and lactobacilli spp.) were revealed. sIgA levels in coprofiltrates in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy were significantly reduced compared with the control group. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with healthy children were obtained. Elevated levels of total IgE as well as allergen-specific IgE to cow’s milk proteins incoprofiltrates were estimated being the evidence of food sensitization. Using of adapted formulas based on the New Zealand goat milk with a complex of prebiotics in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy led to normalization of intestinal microflora with reducing of Enterobacteriaceae spp. colonization. Positive changes in mucosal immunity were observed: increase of sIgA levels, decrease of total and allergen-specific IgE and CRP levels in coprofiltrates. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the usefulness of adapted formulas based on the New Zealand goat milk with a complex of prebiotics as diet therapy in infants with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy.

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Vorozhko, I. V., T. B. Sentsova, V. A. Revyakina, O. O. Chernyak, and S. N. Denisova. "Immunological biomarkers changes during diet therapy in children with food allergy." Russian Journal of Allergy 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja510.

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Immunological estimating of different diet therapy types became currently very important. The aim of this work was to study the changes of immunological biomarkers during usage of formulas based on different sources of protein in children with food allergy and to assess and predict the effectiveness of diet therapy. The study included 66 children with food allergy in age from 1,5 months to 1,5 years. Observed children were divided into three groups depending on the type of formulas used. The dynamics of immunoregulatory substances (IL-5, TGF β 1, IL-10, IL-4, IL-2, IL-13, Eotaxin3), and allergenspecific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow’s milk protein, α-lactoglobulin, β-laktoglobulin, casein, soy and goat’s milk during diet therapy were evaluated. Observation duration was 28-30 days. The differences in the dynamics of the investigated parameters depending on the type of formula were revealed. Thus, the use of formula based on cow’s milk hydrolysates revealed their primarily effect on cytokines IL-2, IL-5 and growth factor TGF β ; the use of formula based on soy protein revealed combined effect on humoral immunity (allergen specific IgE and IgG antibodies) and IL-5; the use of formula based on goat milk characterized decreased levels of allergenspecific IgG antibodies to the cow’s milk protein and its fractions, reduced allergen specific IgE antibody concentrations to cow’s milk protein and α-lactoglobulin, decreased levels of IL-5, and, exclusive for this formula - reduction of IL-4 level. Accordingly, the assessment of immunological biomarkers can be used to personalize diet therapy in children with food allergy.

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Robles, Janie, and Lesley Motheral. "Hypersensitivity Reaction After Inhalation of a Lactose-Containing Dry Powder Inhaler." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.3.206.

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Milk protein allergy–induced reactions from lactose-containing dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have not been widely described in the literature. Lactose is a common inactive ingredient in many pharmaceutical products that is used to enhance the stability of active substances in medicinal products, including asthma medications. Contamination of lactose with milk proteins has been identified in reports of inhaled corticosteroid product lot testing. Serious respiratory sequelae may follow after the inhalation of a DPI corticosteroid in a patient with milk protein allergy because DPIs that contain lactose may be contaminated with milk proteins. Lactose-containing DPIs are contraindicated in patients with milk protein allergy. Although manufacturers identify this contraindication in product package inserts, some drug references may not include this information and health care professionals may lack awareness. Clinicians should consider reviewing multiple medication resources for warnings and contraindications of medications to prevent complications. We describe a refractory asthma exacerbation secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction following administration of a lactose-containing DPI corticosteroid and long-acting β2 agonist combination in a child with a milk protein allergy.

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28

Kaiser, C., H. Reibisch, R. Fölster-Holst, and H. Sick. "Cow's milk protein allergy — Results of skin-prick test with purified milk proteins." Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 29, no. 2 (June 1990): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02021667.

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29

RANGEL, Adriano Henrique do Nascimento, Danielle Cavalcanti SALES, Stela Antas URBANO, José Geraldo Bezerra GALVÃO JÚNIOR, Júlio César de ANDRADE NETO, and Cláudia de Souza MACÊDO. "Lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy." Food Science and Technology 36, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.0019.

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30

Altamimi, Eyad. "Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in South Jordan." Jordan Medical Journal 48, no. 3 (September 2014): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0025882.

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31

Yuan, Qian, and Glenn T. Furuta. "Insights into milk protein allergy: Microenvironment matters." Gastroenterology 124, no. 1 (January 2003): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/gast.2003.1240259.

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Mokha, Jasmeet, and Mariastella Serrano. "Thrombocytopenia Associated With Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy." Clinical Pediatrics 52, no. 10 (August 20, 2012): 985–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922812456593.

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El-Agamy, E. I. "The challenge of cow milk protein allergy." Small Ruminant Research 68, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.016.

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du Toit, G., R. Meyer, N. Shah, R. G. Heine, M. A. Thomson, G. Lack, and A. T. Fox. "Identifying and managing cow's milk protein allergy." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice 95, no. 5 (August 5, 2010): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.118018.

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Wyllie, Robert. "Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Hypoallergenic Formulas." Clinical Pediatrics 35, no. 10 (October 1996): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289603501003.

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Shah, Aditi, and Jui Mandke. "Neonatal Appendicitis with Cow Milk Protein Allergy." Indian Pediatrics 57, no. 4 (April 2020): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-020-1793-y.

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Tansupapol, P. "Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Thai Children." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, no. 2 (February 2006): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.198.

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Carvalho, Ana Araújo, Joana Faustino, Sofia Bota, and Sara Tavares Ferreira. "Unusual presentation in cow’s milk protein allergy." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (July 2021): e242080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242080.

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Gryboski, Joyce D. "The Role of Allergy in Diarrhea: Cow's Milk Protein Allergy." Pediatric Annals 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19850101-07.

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Puiu, Ileana, Elena Catalina Bica, Venera Cristina Dinescu, Otilia Constantina Rogoveanu, Alexandra Oltea Dan, Ramona Constantina Vasile, Sorin Nicolae Dinescu, Florin Marius Romanescu, Elena Anca Tartea, and Diana Rodica Tudorascu. "Assessment of Clinicopathological Features in Infants and Children with Cow�s Milk Protein Allergy." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6795.

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features in infants and young children with cow�s milk protein allergy. Cow�s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergy in children. Thus, we conducted a descriptive observational study, which was carried out in the First Pediatric Clinic of the Craiova County Emergency Clinical Hospital, in the period 2015-2017, which included 138 infants and young children diagnosed with cow�s milk protein allergy. An improvement in digestive symptomatology during the status period of the disease was observed, especially in what diarrheal stools are concerned as their incidence has decreased. In fact, gastroesophageal reflux is the most common manifestation in infants and children with CMPA, while mean acute otitis is present only in a small number of patients. In conclusion we can say that a good knowledge of the clinicopathological features in children with allergy to cow�s milk proteins allows a superior therapeutic attitude and ensures a normal life for children and infants suffering from this type of allergy.

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Giannetti, Arianna, Gaia Toschi Vespasiani, Giampaolo Ricci, Angela Miniaci, Emanuela di Palmo, and Andrea Pession. "Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy as a Model of Food Allergies." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051525.

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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants, and its prevalence has increased over recent years. In the present paper, we focus on CMA as a model of food allergies in children. Understanding the diagnostic features of CMA is essential in order to manage patients with this disorder, guide the use of an elimination diet, and find the best moment to start an oral food challenge (OFC) and liberalize the diet. To date, no shared tolerance markers for the diagnosis of food allergy have been identified, and OFC remains the gold standard. Recently, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy and has changed the natural history of CMA. Before this, patients had to strictly avoid the food allergen, resulting in a decline in quality of life and subsequent nutritional, social, and psychological impairments. Thanks to the introduction of OIT, the passive approach involving rigid exclusion has changed to a proactive one. Both the heterogeneity in the diagnostic process among the studies and the variability of OIT data limit the comprehension of the real epidemiology of CMA, and, consequentially, its natural history. Therefore, well-planned randomized controlled trials are needed to standardize CMA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

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Park, Young W., and George F. W. Haenlein. "A2 Bovine Milk and Caprine Milk as a Means of Remedy for Milk Protein Allergy." Dairy 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020017.

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A new type of cow’s milk, called A2 milk, has appeared in the dairy aisles of supermarkets in recent years. Cows’ milk generally contains two major types of beta-casein as A1 and A2 types, although there are 13 genetic variants of β-casein: A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I and G. Studies have shown that A1 β-casein may be harmful, and A2 β-casein is a safer choice for human health especially in infant nutrition and health. The A2 cow milk is reportedly easier to digest and better absorb than A1 or other types of milk. The structure of A2 cow’s milk protein is more comparable to human breast milk, as well as milk from goats, sheep and buffalo. Digestion of A1 type milk produces a peptide called β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which is implicated with adverse gastrointestinal effects on milk consumption. In addition, bovine milk contains predominantly αs1-casein and low levels or even absent in αs2-casein, whereby caprine milk has been recommended as an ideal substitute for patients suffering from allergies against cow milk protein or other food sources. Since goat milk contains relatively low levels of αs1-casein or negligible its content, and αs2-casein levels are high in the milk of most dairy goat breeds, it is logical to assume that children with a high milk sensitivity to αs1-casein should tolerate goat milk well. Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered a common milk digestive and metabolic disorder or allergic disease with various levels of prevalence from 2.5% in children during the first 3 years of life to 12–30% in infants less than 3 months old, and it can go up to even as high as 20% in some countries. CMPA is an IgE-mediated allergy where the body starts to produce IgE antibodies against certain protein (allergens) such as A1 milk and αs1-casein in bovine milk. Studies have shown that ingestion of β-casein A1 milk can cause ischemic heart disease, type-1 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, etc. The knowledge of bovine A2 milk and caprine αs2-casein has been utilized to rescue CMPA patients and other potential disease problems. This knowledge has been genetically applied to milk production in cows or goats or even whole herds of the two species. This practice has happened in California and Ohio, as well as in New Zealand, where this A2 cow milk has been now advanced commercially. In the USA, there have been even promotions of bulls, whose daughters have been tested homozygous for the A2 β-casein protein.

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Munasir, Zakiudin, and Rini Sekartini. "Soy Isolate Protein Formula: the usage beyond allergy indication." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s1.0005.

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The usage of soy isolate protein formula for infants was recommended by Indonesian Pediatrics Association (IDAI) through the recommendation of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) management in 2014. Soy Infant Formula (SIF) has been being used for Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) as well as for several other related medical indications such as post diarrhea lactose intolerance, galactosemia and primary lactase deficiency1. At early stage of soy formula, it had several deficiencies, infant acceptability, growth, and incomparable with milk-base formula. Current SIF is made from soy protein isolate that contain 2,2 – 2,6 g of protein per 100 calories, it is higher than milk-based formula and both showed same growth and development in Infants2. It contains different fibers, phytate, digestibility, protease inhibitor and proteins. SIF is easily digestible and contain high amino acid content fortified with L-methionine, L-carnitine and taurine. High content of phytate is overcome with zinc and iron fortification as well as increased levels of calcium and phosphor3. American Academy of Pediatrics recommends isolated soy protein-based formulas as a safe and effective alternative for providing appropriate nutrition for normal growth and development for term infants whose nutritional needs are not being met from maternal breast milk or cow’s milk-based formulas3,4.

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Flores, Alvaro, and Yudy K. Persaud. "Systemic reaction to an extensively hydrolyzed formula in an infant with cow’s milk anaphylaxis." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200035.

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Background: Cow’s milk allergy is the most common cause of food allergy in young children. Ingestion of milk products in children with a milk protein allergy can lead to anaphylaxis and must be avoided. Some guidelines suggest the use of an extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) in these cases; however, rare allergic reactions can still occur. Here, we presented a 3-month-old boy who developed anaphylaxis to a cow’s milk formula. Subsequently, he developed a rare systemic reaction to soy and to an EHF. Case: The patient had an unremarkable medical history and presented with signs and symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis after being fed cow’s milk formula for the first time. Symptoms included immediate vomiting, wheezing, stridor, angioedema of eyelids and lips. Although intramuscular epinephrine was given, the patient continued to clinically deteriorate, becoming more lethargic and necessitating admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Subsequently, a trial of soy formula ingestion reproduced the symptoms and an EHF was given. However, immediately after taking an EHF, he developed facial angioedema and diffuse urticarial lesions. Conclusion: In most patients with a cow’s milk allergy, an extensively based formula can be tolerated safely due to a hydrolyzed protein chain. However, medical providers must be vigilant when switching formula because a rare systemic allergic reaction to EHF can still occur.

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Muktiarti, Dina, Zakiudin Munasir, and Alan R. Tumbelaka. "Soy protein sensitization in cow’s milk allergy patients." Paediatrica Indonesiana 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi47.2.2007.78-82.

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Background The management of cow’s milk allergy (CMA) isavoidance of cow’s milk as strictly as possible. Extensive hydrolyzedprotein and amino acid based formulas are recommended dietaryproducts for treatment of CMA. However, they have somedisadvantages, such as bitter taste and high cost. Alternativeprotein sources from vegetable proteins, such as soy, can be usedas milk-substitute. Previous studies showed the prevalence of soyallergy in CMA patients in Western countries ranged between 0to 63%, but the prevalence in Asia was not greater than 20% andno data about this prevalence in Indonesia.Objectives To determine the proportion of soy proteinsensitization in CMA patients and characteristics of CMA patientswho were sensitized to soy protein.Methods Fifty seven CMA patients who consumed soy proteinwere taken their blood sample to examine the soy-specific IgE.Results From 57 CMA patients, we found only 18% of patientswho were sensitized to soy protein. Seven out of ten CMA patientswho were sensitized to soy protein were under 12 months old.Atopic dermatitis was the most frequent clinical manifestation(8/10) and all of them had family history of atopic diseases. Soysensitization in IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated CMA were6/10 and 4/10, respectively.Conclusions Proportion of soy sensitization in CMA patients inthis study was 18%. Soy protein can be used as an alternative forcow’s milk substitute in CMA patients.

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Numpaque, Marlon, Tuba Şanlı, and Elif Ayse Anli. "Diversity of Milks Other Than Cow, Sheep, Goat and Buffalo: In Terms of Nutrition and Technological Use." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2047-2053.2623.

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The first introduction of human being with milk begins with human milk during infancy, continues with very commonly with cow’s milk and may be with other milk types during lifetime. Cow breeding and utilizing its milk in nutrition is widespread in the world. There are particular species common to their area such as donkey, camel, mare, yak and llama have an important share in milk production in the world. Donkey milk has higher serum protein and lower casein content being similar to human milk so regarded as a good and safer alternative for infants suffering from cow’s milk protein allergy. Mare milk is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of some metabolic and allergic illnesses. It is generally consumed as fermented product. Llama milk contains higher amounts of calcium and phosphorus than cow's milk. Camel milk has high vitamin and mineral content and has claimed to have medicinal proteins. Its casein micelle size is larger naturally and it has lower amount of κ-casein these cause difficulties in cheese making and affect curd quality. Reindeer milk is an energy dense food with its high fat and high protein content when compared to cow’s milk. Its high protein content could make it suitable for protein supplementation. Its low lactose content makes its consumption possible by lactose intolerance patients. Yak is richer in almost all main nutritional components when compared with cow’s milk. It can be used in cheese, butter making and dried milk products. The objective of this review was to represent the composition of different animal species’ milks; other than cow, buffalo, sheep and goat, their importance in nutrition and technological use.

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Polidori, Paolo, and Silvia Vincenzetti. "Use of Donkey Milk in Children with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy." Foods 2, no. 2 (May 6, 2013): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2020151.

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UZUNOĞLU, Emel, Mehmet UZUNOĞLU, Hakan SALMAN, and Mustafa AKÇAM. "A Rare Cause of Stomach Bleeding: Cow's Milk Protein Allergy." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics 30, no. 2 (2021): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2021-81264.

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Alashkar Alhamwe, Bilal, Laura A. P. M. Meulenbroek, Désirée H. Veening-Griffioen, Tjalling M. D. Wehkamp, Fahd Alhamdan, Sarah Miethe, Hani Harb, et al. "Decreased Histone Acetylation Levels at Th1 and Regulatory Loci after Induction of Food Allergy." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103193.

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Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy against cow’s milk protein fractions such as whey is one of the most common food-related allergic disorders of early childhood. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism, shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergies. However, its role in food allergy remains unknown. IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy was successfully induced in a mouse model, as demonstrated by acute allergic symptoms, whey-specific IgE in serum, and the activation of mast cells upon a challenge with whey protein. The elicited allergic response coincided with reduced percentages of regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, matching decreased levels of H3 and/or H4 histone acetylation at pivotal Treg and Th17 loci, an epigenetic status favoring lower gene expression. In addition, histone acetylation levels at the crucial T helper 1 (Th1) loci were decreased, most probably preceding the expected reduction in Th1 cells after inducing an allergic response. No changes were observed for T helper 2 cells. However, increased histone acetylation levels, promoting gene expression, were observed at the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) gene, a proallergic B cell locus, which was in line with the presence of whey-specific IgE. In conclusion, the observed histone acetylation changes are pathobiologically in line with the successful induction of cow’s milk allergy, to which they might have also contributed mechanistically.

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Melkonian, Angela, and Michelle DiMattia. "Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Pediatric Dysphagia: A Case Study." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 13 (March 31, 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig13.10.

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Children with food allergies are challenging, particularly as the impact of allergy on the aerodigestive tract can affect swallowing and willingness to feed. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) working with medically involved children in early stages of food allergy diagnosis, with comorbidities that complicate the process of diagnosing and managing dysphagia. Patients are often referred to the SLP at the onset of various feeding and swallowing problems. The SLP should be able to recognize the manifestations of allergy on the aerodigestive tract as it relates to dysphagia, assess for risk factors for allergy, understand the findings and limitations of allergy testing, and identify children who are appropriate for referral to other members of the pediatric interdisciplinary team, including allergists, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, otolaryngologists, and nutritionists.

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