Journal articles: 'Mill additives'

1

Rossi, Stefano, Caterina Zanella, and Ryan Sommerhuber. "Influence of mill additives on vitreous enamel properties." Materials & Design 55 (March 2014): 880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.059.

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Shulaev, G., R. Milushev, V. Engovatov, and D. Engovatov. "Theoretical and practical bases of creation of prestarter granulated compound feed for piglets." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2006-01.

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Currently, the country’s industrial pig breeding uses mainly imported granulated compound feed and expensive enrichment additives containing protein products with different processing technologies, and biologically active substances. This leads to an increase in the cost of pig products. Alternative to imported analogues complex enrichment additive for prestarter feed from domestic raw materials has been developed, the use of which has been scientifically justified. The basis of this additive is soya and lupin with different processing methods, corn gluten, fish meal and milk whey, as well as biologically active substances. Optimal modes of extrusion of soya, fl ax seeds, grain feed, processing additives and granulated feed under the conditions of the feed mill have been worked out. Tests of granulated compound feeds with experimental and imported processing additives on piglets of suckling age have been carried out at the pig breeding complex. It has been established that the qualitative characteristics of the granulated compound feed with additives and processing subjects were almost equal. As the result of their use on the large number of pigs, high livability of off spring was ensured and almost equal indicators of live weight of young animals at 24-day age were obtained at the level of 253–254 g. At the same time, the level of hemoglobin in the blood was high at 119,7–120,6 g/l, and the young animals of the experimental group had the advantage in the content of γ-globulins by 1,92 %, which indicates the higher immune status of the animals of the experimental group. Studies have shown that granulated compound feed with the complex enrichment additive of domestic production is cheaper than imported by 29,76 %. This is economically beneficial for the farm.

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Karakulov, A. S., N. V. Gusev, Yuriy Yu Drozdov, and N. Y. Nikonova. "The Additives Influence on Heat-Conducting Properties of Aluminium Nitride Circuit Boards." Key Engineering Materials 712 (September 2016): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.712.226.

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The paper presents the studies on evaluation of the influence of modified additives of Y2O3-, ZrO2- and Li2O3-type on heat-conductive properties of aluminium-nitride ceramics used as circuit boards. Sintering of the studied samples was carried out using AlN powders and the powders of the modifying additives, mixed in the ball mill based on the spark plasma sintering system “SPS”. Density and heat conductivity were measured for the obtained samples. It was ascertained that the most significant level of heat conductivity was obtained when using the additive mixture made of 7 wt. % of Li2O3 and 3wt. % of Y2O3, which reaches the level of 160 W/m·K. In addition, the results of the studies show that the addition of the modified powders leads to a significant increase of density; the additive consisting of 7wt.% of Li2O3 and 3wt.% of Y2O3 produces the greatest effect.

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Jiang, Yu Dong, Xiao Lan Cai, and Kai Jun Wang. "Effects of Ball Mill Additives on Properties of Bronze Powder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3539.

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Bronze powders were prepared using high-energy ball mill method. Effects of different additives on particle size and its distribution, gloss, water coverage and oxidation resistance of powders were discussed. The results shows that aluminum stearate has a great impact to sheet formation of bronze powder. Hexadecanoic acid has a great influence on the gloss and water surface covering. Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) has a marked effect to improve oxidation resistance of the bronze powders.

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HIETANEN, TOMI, JUHA TAMPER, and KAJ BACKFOLK. "Environmental benefits of magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp – mill results." June 2013 12, no. 6 (July 1, 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.6.9.

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The use of a new, technical, high-purity magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching additive was evaluated in full mill-scale trial runs on two target brightness levels. Trial runs were conducted at a Finnish paper mill using Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the raw material in a conventional pressurized groundwood process, which includes a high-consistency peroxide bleaching stage. On high brightness grades, the use of sodium-based additives cause high environmental load from the peroxide bleaching stage. One proposed solution to this is to replace all or part of the sodium hydroxide with a weaker alkali, such as magnesium hydroxide. The replacement of traditional bleaching additives was carried out stepwise, ranging from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate was dosed in proportion to sodium hydroxide, but with a minimum dose of 0.5% by weight on dry pulp. The environmental effluent load from bleaching of both low and high brightness pulps was significantly reduced. We observed a 35% to 48% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), 37% to 40% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 34% to 60% reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD7) in the bleaching effluent. At the same time, the target brightness was attained with all replacement ratios. No interference from transition metal ions in the process was observed. The paper quality and paper machine runnability remained good during the trial. These benefits, in addition to the possibility of increasing production capacity, encourage the implementation of the magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching concept.

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Ivanov, Mia, Katarina Perić, Tomislava Vukušić, Zoran Herceg, Tibela Landeka Dragičević, Goran Smoljanić, Klara Kraljić, Višnja Stulić, and Tea Štefanec. "Advanced oxidation treatments of olive mill wastewater." Environmental engineering 6, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.6.2.4.

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New and innovative advanced oxidative processes for wastewater treatments are currently in the focus of scientific research and development for possible industrial implantation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold plasma treatment, high intensity ultrasound and UV radiation with the addition of additives: H2O2, TiO2, FeCl3 x 6H2O on degradation and removal of complex organic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMWW). Olive mill wastewater represents a potential ecological problem when it is raw disposed into the environment, because of its high organic load. OMWW samples (with and without additives) were treated by high-voltage plasma discharge at frequencies 60 Hz and 120 Hz in combination with pumped gases (nitrogen, air and oxygen) for 30 minutes, by UV radiation for 30 minutes and 10 minutes by high intensity ultrasound. Physico-chemical parameters of quality, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved carbon (TOC) were determined. The results have shown the efficacy of plasma treatment in degradation of organic compounds as well as degradation and reduction of polyphenolic compounds. Reduction of colour and total dissolved carbon occurred in all treated samples, mostly with the addition of FeCl3 x 6H2O. Treatment with UV radiation and ultrasound proved to be the most efficient resulting in the 50% reduction of organic compounds after a 10-minute treatment.

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Galanakis, Charis M. "Phenols recovered from olive mill wastewater as additives in meat products." Trends in Food Science & Technology 79 (September 2018): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.010.

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XU, LEBO, PRZEMYSLAW PRUSZYNSKI, and PETER HART. "Effect of conductivity on paper and board machine performance— a review and new experiences." October 2017 16, no. 10 (2017): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.10.567.

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The current trend to further reuse water within paper mills has resulted in more accumulated salts, as reflected by increased conductivity values. Although conductivity measurement is widely used in paper mills, its fundamental principles and interpretation are not often fully understood. This keeps papermakers from reaching the full benefits of using conductivity measurements to help manage the wet end chemistry of paper or board machines. High and variable conductivity affects the intrinsic properties of pulps, the performance of chemical additives, and the interaction between them. This paper reviews principles of conductivity; its measurement; its effect on important aspects of papermaking operations, such as retention, drainage, sizing, strength development and deposit control; and the fundamentals behind the effects of conductivity on the papermaking process. Specific mill examples are also provided. Potential solutions for operating a mill under high and variable conductivity conditions are discussed.

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dos Santos Alves, Yuri Mikael, Cláudio Henrique Araújo Pereira, Francisco Werley Cipriano Farias, Francisca Maria Martins Pereira, Maria das Dores Bandeira Barroso, Juscelino Chaves Sales, and Antonio Sérgio Bezerra Sombra. "Influence of Addition of CaO and SiO₂ in Microstructure of Hexaferrite Ba_XSr_1-XFe₁₂O₁₉." Materials Science Forum 912 (January 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.912.21.

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This study is aimed to verify the influence of adding SiO2 and CaO in the sintering temperature of hexaferrite, obtained by standard ceramic methods. The powders were weighed in stoichiometric amounts, milled for 1 hour under a high energy mill and calcined at 1000 °C/24h. To study the effect of concentration of additives on the microstructure of the hexaferrite samples were prepared without additives, and with simultaneous addition of SiO2 and CaO, wherein the total concentration of the additive was 1%. The morphology and particle size of the samples were determined by SEM and the crystal structure was determined by XRD and the phases were quantified by the Rietveld method. The XRD data showed the predominance of magnetoplumblico structure with hexagonal symmetry and space group P63/mmc. All samples have distributed grain heterogeneously, clustered in different masses, with acute forms and some of them featuring hexagonal shapes with different sizes.

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Qiu, Jin Yu, Koji Watari, Yuji Hotta, Yoshiaki Kinemuchi, and Kenshi Mitsuishi. "Grinding of Agglomerate AlN Powder by Wet Milling." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.45.

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Fine AlN powder doped with Y2O3 and CaO as sintering additives was ground by a ball mill, a planetary ball mill and a super-fine grinding mill in order to obtain fine homogenous powder for low-temperature sintering. The size reduction and the sinterability of ground powders at 1500oC for 6 h were investigated. The size and shape of the agglomeration showed no significant change after the ball mill and planetary mill processes, resulting in poor densification. On the contrary, AlN particles with size of 50~100 nm was pulverized and dispersed by a super-fine grinding mill with very small ZrO2 beads as a mill media. The microstructures of the specimen exhibited equiaxed and homogenous grains with size of 0.3~0.4 μm. Pores in the specimens were eliminated. The thermal conductivity was 70W/mK, which is better than that of Al2O3 ceramics (~20W/mK).

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Nishimura, Toshiyasu, Xin Xu, Naoto Hirosaki, K. Kimoto, Yoo Yamamoto, and Hiroaki Tanaka. "Effect of Aluminium on High-Energy Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering of Silicon Nitride." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.156.

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A commercial silicon nitride powder with oxide sintering additives was ground with high-energy ball mill to obtain nano-sized powder. Metallic aluminium powder was added as a grinding additive. Effect of high-energy ball milling was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. After milling, height of background increased and peak height of silicon nitride decreased in XRD chart, which suggested that vitrification and/or decrease in grain size of silicon nitride occurred. The milled powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering system. Aluminium nitride was formed during sintering by reaction of aluminium and atmospheric nitrogen. Dense nano-ceramics, which were composed of silicon nitride and sialon, were obtained by sintering at 1550 oC.

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12

SIKONG, Lek, Hitoshi HASHIMOTO, and Saburo YASHIMA. "Effective fine grinding of coal by a ball-race mill with grinding additives." Shigen-to-Sozai 107, no. 1 (1991): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.107.41.

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13

Menuel, S., B. Léger, A. Addad, E. Monflier, and F. Hapiot. "Cyclodextrins as effective additives in AuNP-catalyzed reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives in a ball-mill." Green Chemistry 18, no. 20 (2016): 5500–5509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00770h.

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At the boundary between mechanochemistry, supramolecular chemistry and catalysis, the present study explores the role of cyclodextrins (CDs) and other saccharide additives in the mechanosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their use as catalysts in the reduction of substituted nitrobenzene derivatives.

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14

Yue, Xue Qing, Hua Wang, and Shu Ying Wang. "Tribological Behavior of Mesophase Carbon Added with Titanium and Copper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.60.

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Incorporation of metallic elements, titanium and copper, into carbonaceous mesophase (CM) was performed through mechanical alloying in a ball mill apparatus. The structures of the raw CM as well as the Ti/Cu-added CM were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The tribological behavior of the Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additives was investigated by using a high temperature friction and wear tester. The results show that, compared with the raw CM, the Ti/Cu-added CM exhibits a drop in the crystallinity and a transition to the amorphous. The Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additive displays an obvious high temperature anti-friction and wear resistance effect, and the lager the applied load, the lower the friction coefficient and the wear severity.

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Sithole, B. Bruce, Jorge Pimentel, Sharon Gibbons, and Chu Watanabe. "Using Py-GC/MS to fingerprint additives associated with paper mill effluent toxicity episodes." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14, no. 10 (2012): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2em30359k.

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Pyachin, Sergey, Nuriya Vlasova, Mariya Kulik, and Valeriya Krutikova. "FORMATION BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING Ti-Al COATINGS WITH COBALT AND NICKEL ADDITIVES." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-8-29-37.

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The work is dedicated to the formation of TiAl titanium aluminide coatings with cobalt and nickel additives by means of the method of mechanical alloying with the further maturing at high temperature in vacuum. Coatings were applied with the use of the ball mill of the planetary type upon VT1-0 titanium alloy substrate which were placed in the mill cup filled with metal powders. There is studied growth kinetics, a coating thickness is measured. A specific rate of metal powder sedimentation upon a titanium substrate makes from 4.6 to 11 g/(min•m2). Deposited layers have a mean thickness 70-180 mkm. There are studied thoroughly compositions and microstructure of mechanical-alloyed coatings. For that there were used methods of X-ray diffractometry and raster electronic microscopy. It is defined that the inner structure of coatings is heterogeneous. After deposited layer thermal treatment a metal interpenetration takes place first aluminum into particles of titanium, cobalt or nickel. Coatings are composite material the basis of which makes aluminide of RiAl titanium, and as inclusions there are other inter-metallides, titanium, cobalt or nickel and also aluminum oxide. Mean values of micro-hardness of coatings obtained are 1.2 - 3.4 times higher than of titanium substrate. The highest values of micro-hardness (more than 6.5 GΠa) after thermal treatment in vacuum are observed in TiAl-5%Co and TiAl-10%Co coatings. Micro-hardness of VT1-0 titanium alloy after annealing, vice versa, decreases by 1.3 times.

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Tukhareli, V. D., T. F. Cherednichenko, and O. Y. Pushkarskaya. "New Unconventional Additives in Concrete Technology for Expansion its Functionality." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.231.

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Functional enhancement of concrete, giving it heat-resistant properties becomes possible while adding mill ground additions based on silicon carbide materials of the region. The selection of silicon carbide waste and secondary production materials as a filler for the production of concrete with heat-resistant properties was based on the following principles: dispersion, the chemical composition, phase composition that reflect the chemical activity of the material in relation to the concrete binder. The thermal resistance of concrete has increased fivefold. In forming concrete structures with addition of silicon carbide occurs embedding into the structure of hydrates fine powder silicon carbide cyclone dust, with the chemical processes behaviour in the boundary contact zone between binder and filler. The increase of thermal resistance can attribute the resulting concrete composition to the category of heat-resistant concretes, and that significantly expands the functionality of concrete.

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Peláez, H., S. Gutiérrez, G. Castro, A. Hernández, and M. Viñas. "An integrated anaerobic - physico-chemical treatment concept for wool scouring wastewater." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0173.

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The strong flow wastewater from a wool scouring industry is treated by a combination of anaerobic digestion and physico-chemical postreatment. Based on previous laboratory results (Gutiérrez et al., 1999), three anaerobic baffled reactors (ABR) of 300 m3 each were built, processing 60% of the strong flow of a wool scouring mill for about two years. COD and grease removal in the anaerobic reactors were 47-50% and 50-55% respectively, with an organic load between 8.9 and 6.7 kg COD/m3 d. The effluent of the anaerobic reactors was assayed with additives in an industrial decanter centrifuge. As results of these assays, all the effluent of the three reactors was sent to the decanter centrifuge after dosing additives. Overall COD and grease removal of the integrated system were 87% and 93% respectively. Dosage of coagulation-flocculation additives was optimized in a continuous flocculation device. The proposed treatment is cheaper and easier to control than others alternatives with COD removal higher than 93%.

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Fuerstenau, D. W., K. S. Venkataraman, and B. V. Velamakanni. "Effect of chemical additives on the dynamics of grinding media in wet ball mill grinding." International Journal of Mineral Processing 15, no. 4 (November 1985): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(85)90044-4.

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Zubekhin, A. P., and O. A. Krutenko. "Effect of mill additives on the quality of two-layer enamel coatings with one firing." Glass and Ceramics 51, no. 11-12 (November 1994): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00679822.

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Haque, MA, M. Akteruzzaman, MA Hashem, and S. Haque. "Profitability and forward linkage analysis of poultry feed mill in Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i2.32695.

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The study aims to examine the profitability and forward linkage analysis of poultry feed covering Dhaka, Gazipur, Narsingdi, Kishoreganj and Mymensingh districts. In total 30 feed mills which categorized such as high, medium and low quality on the basis of feed conversion ratio along with 45 dealers; 15 sub-dealers and 120 farmers purposively. The primary data were collected during March 2013 to March 2014 by using survey schedule, KII and FGD. In addition, the secondary data were collected from different government documents. It is evident that the cost of feed was found Tk. 39295, Tk. 38643 and Tk. 37218 per MT (metric ton) respectively for high, medium and low quality feed mills. The gross returns were found Tk. 43160, Tk. 42330 and Tk. 40500 per MT and gross margin was Tk. 6486, Tk. 5957 and Tk. 5285 per MT respectively. The net returns were found Tk. 3865, Tk. 3687and Tk. 3279.2 per MT respectively. It indicates that total gross return, gross margin and net return of high quality feed mill is higher than medium and low quality feed mill. It is also evident that about 60% of raw materials were purchased from Dinajpur, Rangpur, Rajshahi, Jamalpur and coastal areas namely Bagergerhat, Chittagong and Khulna where as 100 percent of feed additives were imported. The unavailability of raw materials was the major problems for feed mills operation which influenced feed price and quality. If these problems could be solved within a reasonable time, stakeholders would be able to get more benefits and run business smoothly.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 201-208, December 2016

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Routray, Sunita, and Ranjita Swain. "Effect of Chemical Additives on Reduction in Mill Power During Continuous Grinding of Chromite Overburden Materials in a Tumbling Mill: A Case Study." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 100, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40033-018-0170-7.

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23

Nguyen, Tien Hiep, Yury V. Konyukhov, and Van Minh Nguyen. "Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Various Sintered Pellets with Nano-Additives." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.62.

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The impact of Fe, Co, Ni nano-additives on the density, microhardness and bending strength was investigated for several sintered pellets. Fe, Co, Ni nanopowders (NP) were prepared in the size range 67-94 nm using chemical metallurgy techniques. These powders (0.5 wt. %) were dispersed into three sets of micron powders: Co (+0.5 wt. % Co NP); Fe (+0.5 wt. % Fe NP); Fe+0.5wt. % C (+0.5 wt. % Co and 0.5 wt. % Ni NP). Mixtures were further mixed and processed using a magnetic mill and a turbulent mixer. Sintering was carried out using spark plasma sintering (SPS) as well as pressureless sintering (PS). The densities of sintered pellets were found to increase by 2.5-3% (SPS) and 3-5% (PS) in the presence of nano-additives; corresponding increases in microhardness and bending strength were determined to be 7.9-11.1% and 17.9-38.7%, respectively. These results are discussed in terms enhanced packing due to interparticle sliding and the filling of free spaces with the nanodisperse phase.

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Mofa, N. N., T. A. Shabanova, T. A. Ketegenov, O. V. Chervyakova, and Z. A. Mansurov. "Quartz Particles Electron-Microscopic Investigations Modified by Mechanochemical Processing." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 5, no. 4 (April 6, 2016): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj317.

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There were taken and analyzed electron-microscopic images of quartz particles after mechanochemical processing in mill-activator with different organic modifiers. It was stated that quartz surface suffers serious changes the peculiarities of which are defined by used modifiers. Quartz particle has a complex flaky morphology.<br />Friable surface layers represent as carbonic element-organic formations with ferrous additives. The change of particle's surface layers are responsible to modified quartz physicochemical properties transfer.

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Wang, Peng, Jing Lv, Lian Hai Wang, Qiang Ma, and Xin He Zhu. "Research on Tribological Properties of Serpentine Particles as Lubricating Oil Additives." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1001.

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This paper adopts wet method to prepare serpentine particles on the planetary ball mill, executes lipophilic degree tests and friction and wear tests of these particles. The results showed that: 1) as the modification agent, the optimum dosage of oleic acid is when the volume ratio of oleic acid and serpentine particles is 2, and the optimum time of milling (modification) is 24h. 2) 4012 maritime lubricating oil with serpentine particles has obvious anti-wear and friction effect, and the optimum dosage range of serpentine particles is 0.9%-1.0%. According to the outcomes of metallurgical microscope observation and electron microprobe analysis, a conclusion can be drawn: during the process of friction and wear, serpentine particles brought on physical or chemical reactions with the surface of test samples, create a layer of protective film, thus this kind of lubricating oil has filling function to the furrow of friction pair surface, so as to decrease the surface roughness, decrease the degree of friction and wear.

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Sponza, Delia Teresa, and Rukiye Oztekin. "Dephenolization, dearomatization and detoxification of olive mill wastewater with sonication combined with additives and radical scavengers." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21, no. 3 (May 2014): 1244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.011.

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Kudiyarov, Viktor N., Roman R. Elman, and Nikita E. Kurdyumov. "The Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling Conditions on Microstructure and Hydrogen Desorption Properties of Magnesium Hydride and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091409.

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Magnesium hydride is considered to be one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials, although it nevertheless has some problems, such as the high value of the activation energy of hydrogen desorption. To solve this problem, some scientists have proposed adding nanocarbon materials, in particular carbon nanotubes, to magnesium hydride. Currently, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of obtaining composites based on magnesium hydride and carbon nanotubes is lacking, as is our understanding of the effect of nanocarbon additives on the activation energy and temperature of hydrogen desorption depending on the parameters of the composite synthesis. In addition, the data obtained at various values of milling parameters are very different, and in some works the effect of carbon nanomaterials on the hydrogen properties of magnesium hydride was not confirmed at all. Thus, it is important to determine the effect of nanocarbon additives on the properties of hydrogen storage of magnesium hydride under various milling parameters. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of nanocarbon additives on magnesium hydride and the determination of the dependences of the hydrogen desorption temperature and activation energy on the synthesis parameters. Composite powders containing MgH2 with 5 wt.% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were prepared using a planetary ball mill. The milling was carried out at various milling speeds, namely 300, 660, and 900 rpm. Results suggested that the structure of the nanotubes is preserved with prolonged grinding of magnesium hydride and SWCNT in a ball mill for 180 min at a relatively low grinding speed of 300 rpm. The composite obtained with these parameters has the lowest temperature of hydrogen desorption and an activation energy of H2 desorption of 162 ± 1 kJ/mol H2, which is 15% lower than that of the magnesium hydride MgH2 (189 ± 1 kJ/mol H2).

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Denli, Muzaffer, Ramazan Demirel, and Abdullah Sessiz. "Diyarbakır İli Karma Yem Endüstrisinin Durumu." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 9 (September 3, 2015): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i9.701-706.467.

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This research was carried out by visiting total 14 feed mills (8 of them are active, 6 of them are passive) in Diyarbakır province in order to get information on feedstuffs, production, quality, technical capacity, marketing, problems and expectations from public authority. Each feed mill were visited, data were collected by face to face interview, total 34 questions were asked and results were evaluated. According to survey results; total technical capacity of feed mills in Diyarbakır is 388.800 Ton/year, however active capacity is 230.400 Ton/year and their plant utilization is quite low (50.3%), average feed production capacity is 11.9 Ton/hour, daily production is 403 Ton. Feed industrialists primarily indicated that unconscious farmers (85.7%), higher feedstuff price (75%) and unfair competition and unregistered production (62.5%) are the most important problems in the industry. Cereals, wheat bran and cottonseed meal were obtained from South-eastern Anatolia Region, however, other feedstuffs and feed additives were bought from other regions of Turkey. Primary preferences of buying of feedstuffs are: quality of feedstufs 50%, easily obtaining 31%, cheap 19% for feedstuffs. Manufactured feeds were marketed by as follows; 34% distributers, 33% distributors and in factory, 22% directly to farmer and 11% in other ways. As a result, technical facilities were found adequate, feed mill owners are conscious to establish laboratory, they have enough production capacity but, except one of them, they produce only one shift in a day.

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El Yamani, Mohamed, El Hassan Sakar, Abdelali Boussakouran, and Yahia Rharrabti. "Activity of two natural additives in improving the stability of virgin olive oil quality during storage." OCL 27 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020039.

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The activity of natural additives against the deterioration of virgin olive oil (VOO) in relation to storage time and conditions was examined. Thus, carotenoids and phenols previously extracted from carrot and olive mill wastewater, respectively, were added at 200 and 400 ppm to VOO and stored in clear and amber glass bottles at room temperatures during 120 days. The results showed that enriched VOO was largely influenced by the storage time, which resulted in a significant accumulation of hydrolysis and oxidation products. Storage conditions also affected considerably the enriched VOO. Dark glass bottles offered better protection against oxidative deterioration. The impact of both extracts on the oxidation status of examined VOO was significant and concentration-dependent. The natural additives markedly delayed the formation of hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes and trienes. Results from principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most of the variation was captured by the PC1 (89% of the total variance) which grouped samples in four categories according to storage times, each being divided into two clusters linked to storage conditions. Findings from this study revealed that natural additives could minimize VOO deterioration caused by storage time and conditions (light).

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Dulić, Jovana, Mirjana Ljubojević, Ines Prlainović, Goran Barać, Tijana Narandžić, and Vladislav Ognjanov. "Germination and Protocorm Formation of Ophrys Sphegodes Mill. – In Vitro Protocol for a Rare Orchid Species." Contemporary Agriculture 67, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2018): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2018-0028.

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Summary Ophrys sphegodes Mill. is a wild orchid species which is threatened and protected due to its pollination biology, small seed and habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to establish asymbiotic germination protocol for the purpose of ex situ conservation. Two basal media Knudson C (KC) and Malmgren (MM), supplemented with organic additives (peptone (PE), L-glutamin (A)e, folic acid, casein hydrolysate (CA)) added separately and control media KC--C and MM--C were used in the present research. All the nutrition media contained 2% sucrose, 7% agar and 1% activated carbon, while their pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.02 before autoclaving at 121 ° C for 20 minutes. The seeds were examined under two illumination conditions, 0/24 light/dark (L/D) and 16/8 L/D. The presented results indicate a huge influence of illumination and nutrition media on the seed germination and protocorm formation. The seed germination was overall significantly more successful in dark conditions (0/24 L/D) than with lighting (16/8 L/D). Protocorm, rhizoids and shoot formation were achieved only on the seeds cultured on MM medium, while the KC medium caused only swelling of the embryo. Organic additives had positive influence on the germination rate. According to the obtained results, the best germination rate and seedling development were achieved on MM-PE media, cultured in dark. The presented procedure accelerates the germination period and can provide a large number of plants in a relatively short period of time so it can be used for conservation programs and mass production protocol.

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Blake, Cody, Jason Street, James Wooten, Brian Mitchell, and Frank C. Owens. "Industrial-scale Pelletization of Southern Pine Energy Pellets with Various Additives." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 6 (2019): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13382.

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Abstract. The energy pellet industry desires to improve processing techniques and the characteristics of fuel pellets by including additives with the feedstock. In this study, the industrial-scale pelletization of southern yellow pine (SYP) planer shavings was performed along with experiments involving the effect of production rate and moisture on the energy required for production (measured in kWh Mg-1). Multiple additives were investigated to determine their effects on southern yellow pine pelletization performance and pellet characteristics. These additives included southern-yellow-pine-derived biochar (BC), southern-yellow-pine-derived bio-oil (BO), corn starch (CS), vegetable oil (VO), sweet potatoes (SwP), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), micronized rubber powder (MRP), and mixed hardwood planer shavings (HW). A control was compared to 20 different treatments at various additive concentrations, and the effect on pellet durability, bulk density, and higher heating value was determined. The production rate of the pellets with additives varied but were able to be compared with the baseline regression line (production rate vs. energy required for production per Mg) control trials so that the appropriate amount of energy required to produce one Mg of biomass could be compared to the control. The data for the additives, which outperformed the control using the economic study, are listed below. The control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% had a mean pellet durability index (PDI) of 97.9%, 98.1%, 98.1%, 97.7%, 98.2%, 98.6%, 98.4%, 98.7%, 98.0%, and 98.0%, respectively. The control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% had mean bulk density values of 703.0, 700.8, 704.8, 692.2, 693.9, 695.6, 695.6, 683.2, 658.8, and 684.6 kg m-3, respectively. The mean higher heating values (HHV) for the control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% were 19.0, 18.9, 18.6, 18.2, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.6, 19.6, and 19.2, MJ kg-1, respectively. The normalized energy requirements for production for the control, HW10%, HW 25%, HW 50%, BC 0.5%, BC 1%, BC 2%, BC 4%, MRP 1%, and BO 0.5% were 112.0, 110.5, 112.1, 115.3, 110.7, 111.7, 112.1, 118.1, 108.5, and 111.1 kWh Mg-1, respectively. An economic feasibility analysis showed that the discounted net present value (NPV) at a rate of 12% could be improved when using certain pellet additives in the feedstock. The following additives could increase the profit of the mill over just using the control: hardwood planer shavings at 10%, 25%, and 50%, biochar at 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, MRP at 1% and bio-oil (with volatiles removed) at 0.5% (all on a dry basis). Keywords: Biochar, Biomass pellets, Bio-oil, Corn starch, Hardwood, Micronized rubber powder, Microcrystalline cellulose, Sweet potato, Vegetable oil.

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Turianicova, Erika. "CO2 Utilization For Mechanochemical Carbonation Of Celestine." GeoScience Engineering 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2015-0019.

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Abstract Natural celestine (SrSO4) has been succesfully transformed into strontianite (SrCO3) via fast one-step mechanochemical carbonation utilizing gaseous CO2. The process was realized in the environment enriched with LiOH or NaOH additives. The mixtures were milled in a high-energy planetary ball mill for 40 min. The phases formed during the milling were characterized by different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The presence or absence of carbon or sulphur in the products was confirmed by a CHNS analysis.

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Arm, Maria, Jenny Vestin, Bo B. Lind, Anders Lagerkvist, Desirée Nordmark, and Per Hallgren. "Pulp mill fly ash for stabilization of low-volume unpaved forest roads — field performance." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 11 (November 2014): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0030.

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Increased temperatures and rainfalls will give more settlements and less bearing capacity in gravel roads, which will have implications for the forestry. Pulp mill fly ash without additives was used for stabilizing the road base of a low-volume gravel road. A two-year monitoring of the road was conducted, including measurements of achieved ash content, density, water infiltration capacity, and load bearing capacity. The results showed that the ash-stabilized sections performed better than conventionally upgraded sections and also achieved increased bearing capacity over time. Hydration of the fly ash increased the stiffness and decreased the permeability of the road base. The differences were more pronounced during spring thaw. Best performance was achieved in the section with thicker ash stabilized layer.

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Zarina Ku Ahmad, Ku, MHA Khairi, and SA Mazlan. "Influence of Additives on Thermal Properties and Morphological of Magnetorheological Elastomer." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27784.

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Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are categorized as part of the smart materials class whose rheological properties can be altered under the influence of a magnetic field. MREs are fabricated by embedding soft magnetic particles such as carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) in a rubber matrix such as silicone and natural rubber. In this project, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) is used as a base material with carbonyl iron particles. Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate (SAIB) ester is added to the formulation to improve the viscosity and enhance the MRE properties. The isotropic MRE is fabricated using two roll mill and a compression mould. Various tests comprise mechanical, morphology, thermal and magnetic tests were conducted for MRE characterization purpose. The results showed that the addition of SAIB on the MRE had reduced 53% of viscosity in the rubber matrix compared to non-ester based MRE. Dispersion of magnetic particles is improved by the addition of ester as observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Additionally, the thermal stability was also improved. Tensile strength of MRE consisting SAIB ester achieved maximum strength of 12.3 MPa and an elongation of 620% compared to non-ester based MRE.

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Aprilia, N. A. S., Fauzi, N. Azmi, N. Najwan, and A. Amin. "Performance of cellulose acetate membrane with different additives for palm oil mill effluent (POME) liquid waste treatment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 334 (March 2018): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/334/1/012024.

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Wang, Weiwu, Yi Hou, Wenfeng Huang, Xiaoming Liu, Ping Wen, Yueqiang Wang, Zhen Yu, and Shungui Zhou. "Alkali lignin and sodium lignosulfonate additives promote the formation of humic substances during paper mill sludge composting." Bioresource Technology 320 (January 2021): 124361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124361.

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Suraya Hani, A., Wan Mohd Haziman, Norwati Jamaluddin, and Nurul Hazarine Zakaria. "Performance of Recycled Aggregate Containing POFA as Additives for Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.249.

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Malaysia has been the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world, accounting for 52% of the total world oil in year 2006. The waste disposal problem from palm oil industry was increasing. In addition, the government also facing the problems when forced to allocate more landfill for the disposal of concrete waste. Nowadays, the by-product the palm oil mill has becoming potentially to be utilized as construction material in term as additives for cement. This paper discussed the water absorption and compressive strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA). There are twelve (12) series of concrete mix containing POFA and recycled aggregate (RA) were used as additives for cement that have been indicated as POFA-0%, POFA-10%, POFA-20%, POFA-30% and RA-0%, RA-50% and RA-100%. The slump test was conducted to determine the performance of fresh concrete. The hardened concrete have been tested its compressive strength and water absorption of POFA-concretes at 7 and28 days of water curing ages. The results revealed that POFA-recycled aggregate concrete has lower water absorption and higher compressive strength comparedto recycled aggregate concrete without POFA. The optimum additional of POFA was 30% for concrete made with 100% natural aggregate (NA) produced higher compressive strength and lower water absorption.

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Pathak, Puneet, Varun Kumar, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and Chhavi Sharma. "Slime control in paper mill using biological agents as biocides." Physical Sciences Reviews 6, no. 6 (April 30, 2021): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0049.

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Abstract The environmental conditions of paper mills are suitable for the growth of slime-forming microorganisms due to the supply of nutrients, favorable temperature, and moisture. The slime formation causes the spoilage of raw materials & additives, breaks in the paper during papermaking, loss of production, reduces the hygienic quality of the end products, produces off-spec and rejected products, creates microbiological corrosion, and produces harmful gases. The main microorganisms are Bacteria (mainly Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium, etc.), Fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, etc.), and Algae. Besides the use of conventional toxic chemical biocides or slimicides, slime formation can also be controlled in an eco-friendly way using enzymes, bacteriophages, biodispersants, and biocontrol agents alone or along with biocides to remove the slime. Enzymes have shown their effectiveness over conventional chemicals due to nontoxic and biodegradable nature to provide clean and sustainable technology. Globally enzymes are being used at some of the paper mills and many enzymatic products are presently being prepared and under the trail at laboratory scale. The specificity of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate is the main drawback of controlling the mixed population of microorganisms present in slime. The enzyme has the potential to provide the chemical biocide-free solution as a useful alternative in the future with the development of new technologies. Microorganisms control in the paper mill may appear as a costly offer but the cost of uncontrolled microbial growth can be much higher leading to slime production and large economic drain.

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Mandal, Swapan Kumar, Najib Alam, and Subhas Chandra Debnath. "RECLAIMING OF GROUND RUBBER TIRE BY SAFE MULTIFUNCTIONAL RUBBER ADDITIVES: I. TETRA BENZYL THIURAM DISULFIDE." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88949.

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ABSTRACT The present paper describes the mechanical reclaiming of ground rubber tire (GRT) by safe tetra benzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD), a multifunctional rubber additive. The versatility of the proposed agent is that it acts as a reclaiming agent during reclaiming and as a curing agent during revulcanization of the reclaimed materials. In this regard, we want to introduce a safe reclaiming agent in reclamation of GRT for improving its physical and mechanical performance. Reclaiming GRT has been carried out in an open roll mixing mill at various time intervals and different concentrations of the reclaiming agent (TBzTD) in the presence of spindle oil. The degree of reclaiming has been evaluated by the measurement of sol content, gel content, Mooney viscosity, inherent viscosity of sol rubber, and degree of cross-link of the reclaimed materials as a function of milling time. Also, the influence of gel content on cross-link density at various time intervals on the open two roll mixing mill has been determined. A unique correlation between gel fraction and cross-link density obtained at various time intervals and concentrations of reclaiming agent indicate that an optimization of the concentration of safe TBzTD and milling time has a positive influence on improving the efficiency of reclamation. The reclaiming conditions have been optimized in view of the mechanical properties of the revulcanized GRT and the aging resistance properties of the revulcanized reclaim. The influences of the concentration on the mechanical properties in the revulcanized reclaim have also been studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies further indicate the coherency and homogeneity in the revulcanized reclaimed rubber when reclamation is carried out by optimum concentration of safe TBzTD after maximum time of reclaiming.

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Kõrge, Kristi, Helena Šeme, Marijan Bajić, Blaž Likozar, and Uroš Novak. "Reduction in Spoilage Microbiota and Cyclopiazonic Acid Mycotoxin with Chestnut Extract Enriched Chitosan Packaging: Stability of Inoculated Gouda Cheese." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111645.

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Active chitosan-based films, blended with fibrous chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) tannin-rich extract were used to pack Gouda cheese that has been contaminated with spoilage microflora Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, and fungi Penicillium commune. A comprehensive experimental plan including active chitosan-based films with (i) chestnut extract (CE), (ii) tannic acid (TA), and (iii) without additives was applied to evaluate the film′s effect on induced microbiological spoilage reduction and chemical indices of commercial Gouda cheese during 37 days while stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The cheese underwent microbiology analysis and chemical assessments of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) (cyclopiazonic acid), pH, and moisture content. The biopackaging used for packing cheese was characterized by mechanical properties before food packaging and analyzed with the same chemical analysis. The cheese microbiology showed that the bacterial counts were most efficiently decreased by the film without additives. However, active films with CE and TA were more effective as they did not break down around the cheese and showed protective properties against mycotoxin, moisture loss, and pH changes. Films themselves, when next to high-fat content food, changed their pH to less acidic, acted as absorbers, and degraded without plant-derived additives.

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Mofa, N. N., B. S. Sadykov, A. E. Bakkara, and Z. A. Mansurov. "USING MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT TO OBTAIN METAL POWDERS FOR ENERGY-INTENSIVE COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITIONS: 1. FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND STATE OF ALUMINUM POWDER PARTICLES OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-2-13-22.

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The paper presents the results of mechanochemical treatment of aluminum powder particles in a ball mill using various organic modifiers (graphite, stearic acid, polyvinyl alcohol) as a surfactant additive in order to increase powder dispersity and modify the surface layer of initial particles. Scanning force microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy and EDX methods were used to study the morphology, dispersion, structure, and the average particle size of aluminum powders after mechanochemical treatment, and this study showed significant changes in the surface layer of particles. It is found that mechanochemical treatment of aluminum with organic additives leads to partial recovery of the oxide surface layer with several types of active centers formed capable of chemical reactions using the resulting compositions in various combustible mixtures. The study showed that with an increase in the content of modifiers, i.e. graphite and polyvinyl alcohol, the activity of aluminum rises in the composite with these additives. When the content of stearic acid in the Al composite increases, the activity index decreases. This may be due to the fact that Аl–C17H35COOH mixture milling with a large amount of stearic acid (more than 5 %) forms a dense capsule layer on the surface of aluminum particles that is poorly soluble in alkali. During mechanical action the composition powders under study show both the accumulation and redistribution of defects throughout the particle, an increase in the active aluminum content, generation of active centers, and formation of an encapsulating layer based on organic modifiers on the aluminum surface.

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Kiran P., Mr Tajane. "Review on the Tribological Properties of PPS Composite Filled with various Additives for Journal Bearing of Sugar Mill." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.11082.

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Fang, Shiwen, Zhaosheng Yu, Yan Lin, Yousheng Lin, Yunlong Fan, Yanfen Liao, and Xiaoqian Ma. "A study on experimental characteristic of co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and paper mill sludge with additives." Applied Thermal Engineering 111 (January 2017): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.102.

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Turco, Antonio, and Cosimino Malitesta. "Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater by a Polydimethylsiloxane/oxMWCNTs Porous Nanocomposite." Water 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123471.

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User-friendly and energy-efficient methods able to work in noncontinuous mode for in situ purification of olive mill wastewater (OMW) are necessary. Herein we determined the potential of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes entrapped in a microporous polymeric matrix of polydimethylsiloxane in the removal and recovery of phenolic compounds (PCs) from OMW. The fabrication of the nanocomposite materials was straightforward and evidenced good adsorption capacity. The adsorption process is influenced by the pH of the OMW. Thermodynamic parameters evidenced the good affinity of the entrapped nanomaterial towards phenols. Furthermore, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms are studied in detail. The presence of oil inside the OMW can speed up the uptake process in batch adsorption experiments with respect to standard aqueous solutions, suggesting a possible use of the nanocomposite for fast processing of OMW directly in the tank where they are stored. Moreover, the prepared nanocomposite is safe and can be easily handled and disposed of, thus avoiding the presence of specialized personnel. After the adsorption process the surface of the nanomaterial can be easily regenerated by mild treatments with diluted acetic acid, thus permitting both the recyclability of the nanomaterial and the recovery of phenolic compounds for a possible use as additives in food and nutraceutical industries and the recovery of OMW for fertirrigation.

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Oleszek, Marta, and Solomiia Kozachok. "Antioxidant activity of plant extracts and their effect on methane fermentation in bioreactors." International Agrophysics 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0031.

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Abstract Extracts of Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) and Arnica chamissonis Less. (arnica) were tested as potential additives for methane fermentation in bioreactors, as it was hypothesized that their antioxidant properties may improve biogas production efficiency. Hence, methane fermentation of maize silage with the addition of tested extracts was performed in eudiometers, and both the biogas volume and methane content in biogas were measured. In addition, antioxidant properties, such as reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity, were determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed that only the addition of a goldenrod crude extract caused a significant increase in biogas yield, despite the fact that it presented the lowest antioxidant activity of the three tested species. No significant differences in biogas yield were found between the other two additives and the control. Biogas production efficiency was not correlated with the antioxidant activity of the crude extracts. Hence, the increase in methane fermentation efficiency in the case of goldenrod supplementation might have resulted from some other non-antioxidant compounds occurring in this species.

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Beneventi, Davide, Elisa Zenob, Bruno Carréb, Jérémy Allixb, Patrice Nortiera, and Marie Christine Angelierb. "Understanding the Role of Surface Active Substances in Flotation Deinking Mills by Coupling Surfactant and Ink Balance With Process Simulation." February 2010 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.2.31.

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Surfactants are largely present in papermaking/recycling processes. They are added intentionally or come with raw materials or process/functional additives. Once they have reached the process, they build-up in the circuits and, depending on their surface activity and concentration, they can have adverse effects on deinking and on the whole papermaking process, such as excessive frothing, depression of ink floatability, and paper sizing/retention difficulties. In this paper, the removal of apparent surface active chemicals (ASAASAASAC) is first evaluated in different flotation deinking mills through mass balances using surface tension measurements and a specific methodology. Mill data show that, in two-stage deinking lines, ASAASAASAC are slightly concentrated in the second stage, contributing to an increase in pulp frothing behavior, in flotation loss, and in some cases to a low ink removal efficiency. Trends observed in deinking mills are then interpreted using experimental data obtained at the laboratory scale in the presence of a model surfactant, and by process simulation. The effect of ASAASAASAC concentration on the efficiency of the flotation deinking process is explained in terms of their effect on particle and water transport sub processes, namely, flotation, entrainment, frothing, and drainage.

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Lisachuk, G. V., Ya М. Pitak, R. V. Krivobok, A. V. Zakharov, V. V. Voloshchuk, P. P. Vabishchevich, and A. S. Ryabynyna. "Effect investigation of a thinning additive on the physical and mechanical properties of celsian ceramics obtained by slip casting." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.14.

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The article discusses the physical and mechanical regularities of ceramics formation based on the BaO—Al2O3—SiO2 system by slip casting into gypsum molds, and also investigates the rheological properties of a slip based on сelsian and the physicochemical properties of products made from it. The samples were made according to the following technology: the first stage is synthesis of celsian in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1200 °C with a maximum temperature holding for 2 hours. The synthesis products were ground in a planetary mill to a residue on the № 0063 sieve of no more than 0.2 %. Then, slips with different moisture content without additives and with the addition of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 wt. % thinning additive Dolapix PC 67 were made. The second stage is to obtain samples by casting slip into gypsum molds. Firing of products took place in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1350 °C with a two-hour holding. The optimal amount of thinning additive in the celsian slip was determined, which corresponds to 0.10 wt. %. It was found that, in the studied area of technological parameters, the material acquires the best properties at a sample firing temperature of 1350 °C and is characterized by the following indicators: water absorption — 10.20 %, apparent density — 2.15 g/cm3, open porosity — 21.04 %.

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Kim, Bong-Chull, Hiroyuki Uono, Tooru Fuse, Tadashi Ishihara, and Mamoru Senna. "Fabrication of nano-sized Si powders with a narrow size distribution by two-step milling." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 6 (June 2003): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0188.

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By the combination of two successive dry milling processes (i.e., by using a multiring mill and subsequently a pin-type disintegrator), downsizing of Si powders was achieved to 30 nm crystallites and their aggregated mean volume diameter about 100 nm, with the top size less than 400 nm. Combination of the two dry milling processes proved to be effective to reduce the particle size and sharpen the size distribution of the aggregates without using any additives, tedious wet processes, or subsequent classification. Increase in the impurity due to milling was <0.1% for Fe and <0.4% for Zr, being well within a tolerable limit for most of the technological purposes.

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Foti, Paola, Flora V. Romeo, Nunziatina Russo, Alessandra Pino, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, Cinzia Caggia, and Cinzia L. Randazzo. "Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 7511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167511.

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Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constituted by olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, wood, leaves, and stones. Although for many years olive by-products have only been considered as a relevant environmental issue, in the last decades, numerous studies have deeply described their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activities. Therefore, the increasing interest in natural bioactive compounds represents a new challenge for olive mills. Studies have focused on optimizing methods to extract phenols from olive oil by-products for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications and attempts have been made to describe microorganisms and metabolic activity involved in the treatment of such complex and variable by-products. However, few studies have investigated olive oil by-products in order to produce added-value ingredients and/or preservatives for food industries. This review provides an overview of the prospective of liquid olive oil by-products as a source of high nutritional value compounds to produce new functional additives or ingredients and to explore potential and future research opportunities.

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Mills, J. T., N. D. G. White, and S. M. Woods. "Effect of medicating ingredients and other additives on microflora present on swine and chicken feeds from a Manitoba mill." Mycopathologia 135, no. 1 (July 1996): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00436571.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mill additives'

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