Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Millennialism'

Thesis (M.A.B.S.)--Calvary Theological Seminary, 1995.
Abstract. Appendix contains "A translation to Portuguese of chapter 13 'Evidence from Revelation 20' by H.W. Hoehner in A case for premillennialism." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-118).

Those who anticipate the end of the world are often met with ridicule. This is especially true with the Millerite movement of the 1830s and 1840s. David L. Rowe has referred to most historians' treatment of them as an episode of "comic relief in the otherwise complex and tragic play of events from Jacksonian Democracy to the Civil War." A number of scholars, starting in the 1980s, established that Millerites were not the lunatic fringe as they were once characterized, mainly by demonstrating that Millerites were not the only group in the antebellum United States harboring apocalyptic expectations, rescuing the Millerites from the fringe of the Second Great Awakening. Though critical to our understanding of Millerism, most of these studies have been inexorably confined to western New York, where the movement originated and gained the most support, virtually ignoring Millerites in other parts of the country. More importantly, these studies have failed to break down the entrenched dichotomy between the "optimistic" millennialists, represented by Finneyite evangelicals, and "pessimistic" millenarians, represented most clearly by the Millerites. By examining various aspects of the Millerite movement through its well-established press, this these shows that Millerism, more than a coherent social movement or ecclesiastical institution, was a meeting ground for various currents of millennial thought that were pervasive in the first fifty years of the American republic.

À l’intérieur du protestantisme évangélique français, les frères larges, qui se distinguent des frères étroits dénommés darbystes, représentent une dizaine de milliers d’adeptes, membres inscrits ou simples sympathisants. Ils se rattachent en principe aux Communautés et Assemblées Évangéliques de France (CAEF). Leur implantation a débuté dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, et s’est faite principalement par l’action conjuguée d’évangélistes suisses et britanniques. Depuis leur irruption dans l’Hexagone, les frères larges, forts de leur expérience individuelle de la conversion, se prodiguent pour faire des prosélytes, qui adoptent un ethos à la fois exaltant et exigeant. Or, jusque dans l’entre-deux-guerres, alors que la culture globale de la société est encore largement chrétienne, les convertis apparaissent d’extraction plutôt modeste ; le recrutement se diversifie par la suite. Collégialité du ministère de la parole et anticléricalisme péremptoire obligent, toute l’animation des communautés ecclésiales des frères larges révèle une insigne disposition égalitaire et un mépris du formalisme pincé. Ainsi perdure, non sans concessions désormais, une réticence notoire à l’égard du pastorat classique.À l’échelle nationale, si l’évolution globale des CAEF pointe bien vers une honnête structuration dénominationnelle, elle n’efface pas encore la mémoire de leur originelle inappétence à jouer le jeu prétendu mondain de la confessionalisation du christianisme. Du reste, s’ils ont bien entrepris quelques œuvres sociales, les frères larges ne s’attèlent guère au siècle présent, fût-il celui des institutions religieuses et de leurs réalisations œcuméniques
Within French Evangelical Protestantism today, the “Open Brethren”, who are to be distinguished from the “Closed Brethren” (also called darbystes), number around ten thousand adherents, whether registered members or sympathizers. Their churches generally belong to the Communautés et Assemblées Evangéliques de France (CAEF). The movement had its beginning during the second half of the nineteenth century, mostly through the combined efforts of Swiss and British evangelists. Since their appearance in metropolitan France, the Open Brethren, on the strength of their individual experiences of conversion, have devoted themselves to winning converts, who then adopt an ethos that is both elating and demanding. Up until the period between the two world wars, while the general culture of French society was still largely Christian, converts joining this movement were of modest descent; recruitment has since become more diversified. Because of a shared ministry of the Word and a peremptory anticlericalism, leadership in Brethren circles reveals a distinctive egalitarian disposition and a disdain for stiff formalism. Thus their well-known suspicion of classic pastoral ministry persists, though not without some concessions. On the national level, if the CAEF assemblies on the whole seem definitely to be moving toward true denominational structuring, they still remember their original resistance to entering the so-called worldly game of Christian confessionalism. And although they have created a number of social and charitable organizations, they shun the “present age”, including religious institutions and their ecumenical achievements

À l’intérieur du protestantisme évangélique français, les frères larges, qui se distinguent des frères étroits dénommés darbystes, représentent une dizaine de milliers d’adeptes, membres inscrits ou simples sympathisants. Ils se rattachent en principe aux Communautés et Assemblées Évangéliques de France (CAEF). Leur implantation a débuté dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, et s’est faite principalement par l’action conjuguée d’évangélistes suisses et britanniques. Depuis leur irruption dans l’Hexagone, les frères larges, forts de leur expérience individuelle de la conversion, se prodiguent pour faire des prosélytes, qui adoptent un ethos à la fois exaltant et exigeant. Or, jusque dans l’entre-deux-guerres, alors que la culture globale de la société est encore largement chrétienne, les convertis apparaissent d’extraction plutôt modeste ; le recrutement se diversifie par la suite. Collégialité du ministère de la parole et anticléricalisme péremptoire obligent, toute l’animation des communautés ecclésiales des frères larges révèle une insigne disposition égalitaire et un mépris du formalisme pincé. Ainsi perdure, non sans concessions désormais, une réticence notoire à l’égard du pastorat classique.À l’échelle nationale, si l’évolution globale des CAEF pointe bien vers une honnête structuration dénominationnelle, elle n’efface pas encore la mémoire de leur originelle inappétence à jouer le jeu prétendu mondain de la confessionalisation du christianisme. Du reste, s’ils ont bien entrepris quelques œuvres sociales, les frères larges ne s’attèlent guère au siècle présent, fût-il celui des institutions religieuses et de leurs réalisations œcuméniques
Within French Evangelical Protestantism today, the “Open Brethren”, who are to be distinguished from the “Closed Brethren” (also called darbystes), number around ten thousand adherents, whether registered members or sympathizers. Their churches generally belong to the Communautés et Assemblées Evangéliques de France (CAEF). The movement had its beginning during the second half of the nineteenth century, mostly through the combined efforts of Swiss and British evangelists. Since their appearance in metropolitan France, the Open Brethren, on the strength of their individual experiences of conversion, have devoted themselves to winning converts, who then adopt an ethos that is both elating and demanding. Up until the period between the two world wars, while the general culture of French society was still largely Christian, converts joining this movement were of modest descent; recruitment has since become more diversified. Because of a shared ministry of the Word and a peremptory anticlericalism, leadership in Brethren circles reveals a distinctive egalitarian disposition and a disdain for stiff formalism. Thus their well-known suspicion of classic pastoral ministry persists, though not without some concessions. On the national level, if the CAEF assemblies on the whole seem definitely to be moving toward true denominational structuring, they still remember their original resistance to entering the so-called worldly game of Christian confessionalism. And although they have created a number of social and charitable organizations, they shun the “present age”, including religious institutions and their ecumenical achievements

Edward Irving (1792-1834) exercised a profound effect on developments in nineteenth-century theology within the English-speaking world. He is especially known for his thought regarding the return of the gifts of the Holy Spirit and his pre-millennialism, including his belief in the imminent physical return of Jesus Christ. Indeed, Irving is generally remembered as a central figure in the movement of early nineteenth century premillennialism and as a fore-runner of the modern Pentecostal movement. Most scholarly interpretations of Irving have focused on particular aspects of his thought, such as the manifestation of the Holy Spirit, his millenarianism, or his understanding of Christology. This thesis provides a new interpretation of Irving’s contributions, examining the interrelationship of his theological ideas and exploring the development of them within the context of his life, including his childhood and youth within the Covenanting country of southwest Scotland, his education within the University of Edinburgh and his early teaching career, his assistantship to Thomas Chalmers in the celebrated St John’s experiment in urban ministry in Glasgow, his move to London in 1822 and his meteoric rise to fame as a preacher there, his personal trauma, including his unhappy affair with the future Jane Welsh Carlyle, the deaths of his children and the tragic accident at Kirkcaldy, his connections with Romantic intellectual and religious circles in the capital, and his growing involvement with the prophetic movement. Under the influence of the Romantic Movement, Irving’s religious sensibility had matured. This thesis argues that Irving’s theological views, including his views on the gifts of the Spirit and his millennialism, formed a coherent system, which focused on his doctrine of Christ, and more particularly on his belief that Christ had taken on a fully human nature, including the propensity to sin. Only by sharing fully in the human condition with its ‘sinful flesh’ concerning all temptations, Irving believed, could Christ become the true reconciler of God and humanity and a true exemplar of godly living for humankind. When we view Irving’s theology from the perspective of his idea of Christ’s genuine humanity, we can comprehend it more clearly; Irving’s understanding of the spiritual gifts and his apocalyptic visions of Christ’s return in glory had clear connections with his Christology. Irving’s distinctive ideas on Christ’s human nature and his eloquent descriptions of Christ’s ‘sinful flesh’ resulted in severe criticisms from the later 1820s, and finally led to his being deposed from the ministry of the established Church of Scotland in 1833. His belief that we encounter God through Christ’s sinful flesh reflected Irving’s Romantic emphases, including the striving to transcend human limits. The Romantic sensibilities of the age and Irving’s belief that the Church was locked in impotence and spiritual lethargy led him to expect a divine interruption, and to long for an ideal world through an eschatology that would bring glorification to the Church. Irving’s view of the person of Christ must be understood within this broader theological framework and historical context, in which he maintained that common believers could achieve union with Christ through both their sharing of Christ’s genuine humanity and the work of the Holy Spirit.

This thesis investigates the relationship between the apocalyptic narrative and the postmodern novel. It explores and builds on Patricia Waugh‟s hypothesis in Practising Postmodernism: Reading Modernism (1992) which suggests that that the postmodern is characterised by an apocalyptic sense of crisis, and argues that there is in fact a strong relationship between the apocalyptic and the postmodern. It does so through an exploration of apocalyptic narratives and themes in five postmodern novels. It also draws on additional supporting material which includes literary and cultural theory and criticism, as well as historical theory. In using the novel as a medium through which to explore apocalyptic narratives, this thesis both assumes and affirms the novel‟s importance as a cultural artefact which reflects the concerns of the age in which it is written. I suggest that each of the novels discussed in this thesis demonstrates the close relationship between the apocalyptic and the postmodern through society‟s concern over the direction of history, the validity of meta-narratives, and other cultural phenomenon, such as war, the development of nuclear weaponry, and terrorism. Although the scope of this thesis is largely confined to the historical-cultural epoch known as postmodernity, it also draws on literature and cultural criticism from earlier periods so as to provide a more comprehensive framework for investigating apocalyptic ideas and their importance inside the postmodern novel. A number of modernist writers are therefore referred to or quoted throughout this thesis, as are other important thinkers from preceding periods whose ideas are especially pertinent. The present thesis was researched and written between March 2010 and August 2011 and is dedicated to all of those people who lost their lives in the apocalyptic events of the February 22nd Christchurch earthquake.

Gothicism in general, and the Swedish Gothicism in particular, had a close connection to the esoteric currents that were flourishing all over Europe in the Early Modern Period. Apocalyptic predictions and prophecies useful to Gothic propaganda were derived from contemporary esoteric streams, but alongside these came Hermetic and Neo-Platonic speculations of a more individual character that emphasized man’s gradual ascension toward a higher state. The foremost representative for this union of Gothicism and Esotericism was Johannes Bureus (1568-1652). Although a pioneer of runology and Swedish grammatical studies, Bureus felt he made his greatest contributions in the sphere of mysticism. Influenced by the concept of a Philosophia Perennis, Bureus believed this eternal philosophy was not only expressed by the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Hebrews, but also by the ancient Norse. Bureus represents what could be termed an Esoteric Gothicism. In his work, the ideal of Gothicism melds with Esotericism in the form of Alchemy, Kabbalah, Hermeticism, Astrology, and Magic. Bureus himself called his esoteric system a Nordic Kabbalah, a “Notaricon Suethica,” or a “Kabala Upsalica.” Bureus’s Esotericism is explicated primarily in his manuscripts such as the Cabbalistica, Antiquitates Scanziana, and especially Adulruna Rediviva (the latter produced in seven versions over a forty-year period), but also in his major opus, dedicated to his pupil Queen Christina, the printed apocalyptic book Nordlanda Lejonsens Rytande. In examining Esoteric Gothicism we can discern a further tendency within Gothicism beyond the national chauvinism typically seen as exemplifying the movement. In Bureus’s work, Gothic motifs are combined with runes and Old Norse themes in an imaginative manner, but most characteristic of Bureus is how he uses the results to describe a highly individual path of initiation which leads to unity with God. Bureus’s ideas may seem eccentric to a modern reader, but properly situating them in their historical context reveals the role he played in an influential current in European intellectual and spiritual history, a current often referred to by scholars as Western Esotericism.

Throughout the seventeenth century, numerous Scots became convinced that the major political and religious upheavals of their age signified the fulfillment of, or further unfolding of, the vivid prophecies described in the Book of Revelation which foretell of the final consummation of all things. To date, however, an in-depth analysis of the evolution of Scottish apocalyptic belief during the seventeenth century has never been undertaken. This thesis utilizes a wide variety of source material to demonstrate the existence of a cohesive, persistent, and largely conservative tradition of apocalyptic thought in Scotland that spanned the years 1588 to 1688. Chapter One examines several influential commentaries on the Book of Revelation published by notable Scots during the decades either side of the Union of Crowns. These works reveal many of the principal characteristics that formed the basis of the Scottish apocalyptic tradition. The most important of these traits which became a consistent feature of the tradition was the rejection of millenarianism. In recent years, historians have exaggerated the influence of millenarian ideals in Scotland during the Covenanting movement which began in 1638. Chapter Two argues that Scottish Covenanters consistently denounced millenarianism as a dangerous, subversive doctrine that could lead to the religious radicalism espoused by sixteenth-century German Anabaptists. Chapter Three looks at political and religious factors which led to the general decline of apocalyptic expectancy in Scotland during the Interregnum. It also demonstrates how, despite this decline, Scottish apocalyptic thinkers continued to uphold the primary traits of the apocalyptic tradition which surfaced over the first half of the century. Lastly, Chapter Four explains how state-enforced religious persecution of Scottish Presbyterians during the Restoration period led to the radicalisation of the tradition and inspired the violent actions of Covenanter extremists who believed they had been chosen by God to act as instruments of his divine vengeance in the latter-days.

Introduction​: Market has saturated in the point where customers are facing advertising overload. For companies it can be difficult task to achieve attention among desired target audience. Millennials have become one of the most valuable target group that companies are aiming to target. One way to achieve attention is to do provocative advertising that aims to shock, or violate millennials norms, principles or social cause. Millennials is a special demographic group, compared to previous ones, baby boomers and generation X, since they are more resistant towards provocation. Thys, thesis stress the importance of exploring millennials emotional response when they are exposed to provocation. Purpose: ​The purpose of this paper is to explore Millennials ́ emotional response when exposed to provocative advertising. Research Questions: ‘​Which negative emotions provoke millennials?’ and ‘Which positive emotions provoke millennials?’ Theoretical Framework: ​Theory foundation is builded on provocative advertising and emotional response. Provocative advertising is divided into shock, and social cause. Emotional response concentrates on positive and negative emotions. Method: ​The authors of this paper used qualitative approach, deductive structure with explorative purpose that is aiming for in-depth information. Total amount of 8 semi-structured interviews were recorded. Information from interviews were further comprehended via coding schedule. Empirical Investigation: ​Empirical chapter presents the main patterns of information from interviews. Chapter is divided into negative and positive parts. This chapters are following the coding schedule structure where main chapters are divided into subchapters based on the sub-categories of coding schedule. Analysis: ​The analysis of the empirical investigation showed important information regarding millennials emotional response. Analysis presented that negative emotional response of fear, anger, sadness and disgust are evoked when millennials are exposed to provocative advertising. While emotional response of positive emotions, millennials expressed emotional response of contentment to provocative advertising. Thus, no emotional response of love, pride, or happiness was found. Conclusion: ​Conclusion of the thesis presented the important findings that millennials are more likely expressing negative than positive emotional response when they are exposed to provocative advertising. Thus emotional response of fear, anger, sadness, disgust or/and contentment were Millennials emotional response to provocative advertising.

Today is the era of millennial generation, many researchers in social sciences claim that Millennials are well-educated, confident, achieving, taking advantage of opportunities and so forth. Nowadays, the world is full of changes and uncertainty the whole nation needs talents of entrepreneurs more than ever before. The challenge for us is that we only know entrepreneurs when they appear themselves. Therefore, there is a great amount of potential entrepreneurs who keep in the background, while others take the best from developing their enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate in entrepreneurial potential of present millennial generation and to understand about potential, external and environment characteristics which contribute our interviewees to become entrepreneurs. The research is conducted by applying both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The face to face interview is conducted with Swedish young entrepreneurs whereas web-based questionnaire survey is conducted with Master students in Sweden by applying FACETS Framework (the facets of entrepreneur: identifying entrepreneurial potential). Regarding application of literature review, conceptual framework, empirical data and discussion of findings part are concluded.

The consumption has increased by 40% in just a few decades, which has given a negative impact on the environment. At the same time, millennials also called generation X, have a huge purchasing power compared to other generations. A major problem of unsustainable clothing consumption is fast fashion. Millenials are the biggest target group for fast fashion companies and are those who buy more products than any other target group. Through this thesis, we want to provide with motivation, attitude and values for both sustainable consumption and unsustainable consumption. The aim is to investigate the target group of millennials and their attitudes towards environmentally consciousness and what motivates them in their purchase decision when it comes to clothing consumption. This should, among other things, make it easier for marketers to know how to best reach out to the group who has the highest purchasing power. Through 20 qualitative in-depth interviews with as many men as women, they have been interviewed regarding their views, attitudes and behavior regarding clothing consumption and sustainable clothing consumption. The study's results show that many millenials are not ready to buy green clothing for various reasons such as pricing and trust in companies. Other interesting discoveries about norms and self-image is also emerged.
Konsumtionen har ökat med 40 % på enbart några decennier vilket har en negativ påverkan på miljön. Samtidigt så har millennials alltså generation X, har en enorm köpkraft jämförelse med de andra generationerna. Ett stort problem av ohållbar klädkonsumtion är fast fashion där millenials är de som är den största målgruppen för företag och de som köper mer produkter än några målgrupper. Genom detta arbetet vill vi förstå millennials motivation, attityd och värderingar till både hållbar konsumtion och ohållbar konsumtion. Syftet är att undersöka målgruppen millennials attityd till miljömedvetet konsumerande, samt vad som motiverar dem i köpbeslutet när det gäller klädkonsumtion. Detta ska bland annat underlätta för marknadsförare att veta hur de på bästa sätt kan nå ut till en av de mest köpbenägna samhällsgrupperna. Genom 20 kvalitativa djupintervjuer med lika stor del män som kvinnor har de intervjuats angående deras åsikter, attityder och beteende kring klädkonsumtion och hållbar klädkonsumtion. Studiens resultat visar att många inte är redo att handla hållbara kläder av olika anledningar så som prissättning och tilltro till företag. Även andra intressanta upptäckter kring normer och självbild framkom.

Liberal, open-minded, self-entitled, narcissistic and tech-savvy are just a few of the adjectives employed when describing Millennials. The purpose of this study is to provide a better insight into understanding those who belong to the Millennial Generation, their characteristics, how they think, their approach to the internet and how they have developed a unique sense of humour.

Meaningfulness at work has been shown to be a positive contributor to employee engagement, performance, commitment and an extensive list of other desirable factors. The Millennial generation appears to be the largest and fastest growing generation since the Baby Boomers. Some managers have said some Millennials seem difficult to manage because their expectations of work upon entering the workforce seem so much higher than previous generations. This qualitative research project explored how Millennials at a small business find meaningfulness at work and to what extent their leaders create an environment of meaningfulness. Millennials at a small business were interviewed to explore their thoughts about meaningfulness at work. The resulting data was examined using content analysis. Mechanisms of meaning, hindrances to the perception of meaning, and pathways to meaningfulness at work were used to categorize the data. Millennials in this study appeared to find meaning at work through recognition of their competence and perceived impact, interpersonal connectedness and self-concordance. Being taken for granted and unfairness seem to be significant hindrances to the perception of meaningfulness at work for Millennials in this study. Meaningfulness at work for participant Millennials appeared to happen when their contributions had a positive perceived impact on the organization and their multi-generational coworkers.

The authors of this bachelor thesis have concluded that along with previous studies, organizational leaders focus on extrinsic motivation strategies to motivate employees and do not take into consideration each individual's internal motivation. It was also discovered that organizational leaders focus on fulfilling the lower level and higher level needs of the employees, known as the hygiene factors and motivators. Furthermore, it finds that leaders do not differentiate between younger and older employees in their motivational strategies. Together, these findings mean that perhaps the correct strategies or techniques to motivate particular groups of employees are not being realized in practice by leaders, motivating the need for further studies, especially from the millennials’ perspective.

Traditional news providers struggle to reach young millennials. Current research states that one reason for this is the growing divergence between news providers’ current online news presentation and how young millennials want news to be presented online. To explore possible ways to avoid a further growth of this so-called news gap, this study explored how young millennials like news to be presented online. For this purpose, generative sessions and semi-structured interviews were conducted within the framework of a co-design study with a service design approach. The results showed that there are three critical factors in online news presentation, which are trust, balanced opinion and time efficiency. Further, the results showed that features such as multimedia options or interactive infographics are ways of online news presentation that the participants would like to see more in online news offers. The results of this thesis were also presented in a prototype in the form of a digital application. The prototype makes the results more practical in order to support news providers in the practical implementation of the suggested steps.

This thesis has two aims. Firstly, in order to answer the question, ‘In what sense do people see Mary as a type of the Church?’, this thesis will set up original typological models of the relationship between Mary and the Church (chapter 1). It will then demonstrate how and why an eschatological element came to be present in these models (chapter 2).It will be a contention of this thesis that looking at the Mario-ecclesial discussions set out in chapters 3 and 4 through these typological models will allow a greater depth of analysis. The models allow one to discern differences between and nuances in various views of the relationship between Mary and the Church that would be impossible to discern if one were using just the language of ‘type’. Secondly the thesis will show how each Mario-ecclesial discussion has been affected by the socio-political context of the time. Specifically, the thesis will analyse the Mario-ecclesial discussions of the patristic, medieval and modern periods in the light of the typological models. In chapter 1, the patristic Mario-ecclesiologies of Irenaeus and Ambrose will be considered. In chapter 2, Bernard of Clairvaux will be used to analyse the eschatological nature of the Mario-ecclesiology in the medieval period. In chapter 3, the contrasting Mario-ecclesiologies of the Second Vatican Council and Hans Urs von Balthasar will be compared. In chapter 4, it will be suggested that John Paul’s model of the Mario-ecclesial relationship was based on his eschatological vision for the Church and the role that Mary plays in that future which is both imminent and already realised. This thesis will demonstrate that by using the typological models in these periods a greater depth of analysis can be achieved. This will be particularly true of the complex and nuanced discussions on Mary in the Roman Catholic Church in the twentieth century. This analysis will culminate in the particular Mariology of John Paul II.

Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
A era digital mudou o próprio consumidor, redefinindo o seu comportamento, as suas necessidades e motivações. As redes sociais tornaram-se ferramentas de marketing eficazes e as marcas deverão aprender a tirar proveito destas novas ferramentas disponíveis para chegar ao consumidor. Os Millennials são a atual geração de jovens consumidores e o Instagram é uma das redes sociais do momento, em que a percentagem de jovens utilizadores apresenta um grande destaque em comparação com as restantes idades. Esta investigação tem como objetivo compreender as motivações dos Millennials para interagir com marcas no Instagram, como é feita essa interação e entender se essa interação significa engagement com a marca. Foi realizada uma investigação exploratória e os dados foram recolhidos através de plataformas online. Com base em 245 respostas válidas, concluiu-se que os Millennials seguem marcas no Instagram por motivações hedónicas e de informação e interagem com elas por se identificarem com a marca e pelas informações interessantes e úteis que são partilhadas. Para além disso, a interação é feita principalmente por ?gostos? nas publicações e a possibilidade de comentar e partilhar as publicações são formas muito pouco usadas. Isto significa que o tipo de conteúdos partilhados pelas marcas é de grande importância e devem ser cuidadosamente pensados, uma vez que é o que faz com que os Millennials tanto sigam a marca como interajam com ela.
Digital era has changed the consumer himself, redefining his behaviour, his needs and motivations. In this context, social networks have become effective marketing tools and brands should learn how to take advantage from these new tools available to reach the consumer. Millennials are the current generational cohort composed of young people and Instagram is one of the social networks of the moment, in which the percentage of young users is highly different from other ages. This investigation aims to understand the motivations of Millennials to interact with brands on Instagram, how they interact and to understand if this interaction means engagement with the brand. An exploratory research was conducted and the data were collected through an online survey. Based on 245 valid responses, it was concluded that Millennials follow brands on Instagram for hedonic and informational purposes and interact with them motivated by self-identification with the brand and by the interesting and useful information shared. Also, the interaction is done mainly by liking the posts, comments and sharing are very little used forms. This means contents type shared by brands is from high importance and should be carefully chosen since it is what makes Millennials to both follow the brand and interact with it.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Digitaliseringen inom marknadsföring har resulterat i att företagen numera lägger stor vikt vid att synas på sociala medier, vilket gett upphov till en omfattande användning av Influencer Marketing. Detta används särskilt effektivt vid marknadsföring av kläder mot målgruppen millennials, via Instagram. Samtidigt ger klädbranschenupphov till omfattande miljöproblem, vilket tyder på att konsumtionen av kläder i dagens samhälle inte är hållbar, varken miljömässigt eller socialt. Inom området för Influencer Marketing identifierades därmed ett kunskapsgap gällande avsaknaden av ett hållbarhetsperspektiv på konsumtion. Utifrån detta kunskapsgap formulerades innevarande studiens frågeställning till hur Influencer Marketing kan bidra till hållbarhet och etisk konsumtion bland millennials. Därmed fokuseras studien till en generation med hög betydelse både inom Influencer Marketing och hållbarhet. Målsättningen var att ta reda på hur Influencer Marketing av kläder kan bidra till ett mer hållbart samhälle, istället för mindre hållbart, som det gör i nuläget genom överdriven klädkonsumtion med tillhörande konsekvenser för miljö och samhälle. Syftet med studien är att skapa djupare förståelse av Influencer Marketings betydelse för hållbarhet och etisk klädkonsumtion bland millennials. På så sätt ska undersökningen hitta faktorer i influencers offentliga livsstil och i reklamsamarbeten på Instagram, som påverkar millennials attityder till hållbarhet, etisk klädkonsumtion positivt. Genom att studera dessa attityder i en kvalitativ ansats, kan Influencer Marketings påverkan på millennials konsumtionsbeteende undersökas, utifrån den teoretiska ramen för innevarande studie. Den teoretiska ramen inkluderar Influencer Marketing, hållbarhet och etisk klädkonsumtion, samt millennials utmärkande konsumentbeteende. Utifrån denna ram genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med kvinnliga millennials. Trots detta urval är inte målet med studien att begränsa resultatet endast till kvinnliga millennials. Det empiriska resultatet analyserades i förhållande till den teoretiska ramen med en tematisk analys. Denna analys ledde till slutsatser om att Influencer Marketing har hög potential att påverka millennials till hållbarhet och etisk konsumtion, men att det krävs specifika åtgärder hos både företag och influencers. Dessa åtgärder sammanfattas i en ny strategi för Influencer Marketing. Strategin visar på specifika beteenden och egenskaper hos influencers, samt företagens åtgärder och val av influencers, som kan göra att Influencer Marketing bidrar till hållbarhet och etisk konsumtion bland millennials. Studiens praktiska bidrag är således ökade förutsättningar för en utveckling mot ett hållbart samhälle, både bland konsumenter och företag, genom etisk klädkonsumtion. Teoretiskt bidrar studien med en omfattande teoretisk ram för hur Influencer Marketing kan bidra till hållbarhet, genom en strategi inom Influencer Marketing med ett hållbarhetsperspektiv som tidigare saknades.

Corporations are finding it challenging to attract and retain the top talented Millennials. Their frequent job-hopping is costing the U.S. economy $30.5 billion annually despite corporations' best efforts to retain them. The central research question concerns the decision-making process that Millennials use to decide whether to job-hop or stay with an organization. The purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a theory that explains the Millennials' process for deciding whether to job-hop or stay with an organization. The conceptual framework for this grounded theory research is generational theory, Herzberg's hygiene and motivational factors, and psychological contract theory. The data collection was by means of a purposive sampling strategy implemented through the semistructured interviews of 13 participants. The grounded theory data analysis method used consisted of an abridged version of Glaser's data analysis method as developed by Charmaz, which entailed a systematic comparative coding process (initial, focused, and theoretical). The study findings included 7 factors that affect Millennial job-hopping: competitive compensation, job enjoyment, opportunities for professional growth, supportive work environment, reasonable free/flex time, finding their niche, and excellent benefits. Based on these factors, the Millennials job-hopping theory explains their decision-making process and why they job-hop. Positive social change may occur when Millennials achieve job satisfaction. Job satisfaction increases loyalty and organizational commitment and reduces stress, thus decreasing turnover and creating economic stability for the Millennials and their organizations.

Alguna vez y por diferentes motivos la palabra “millennials” ha sido escuchada y leída en distintos ámbitos, ya sean personales, profesionales o académicos. Los miembros de esta generación destacan por su adaptación al cambio, su alta autoestima, su familiaridad con la tecnología y su aporte con nuevas ideas sobre una determinada actividad. Esta generación representa actualmente la cuarta parte de la población peruana, lo que equivale a ocho millones de habitantes, los cuales tienen intereses muy particulares en relación al trabajo, a la calidad de vida y a su desarrollo personal. Su capacidad de relacionamiento es distinta a la de otras generaciones, están pendientes de las últimas tendencias de comunicación; la conectividad es parte de su ser, es la generación de la rapidez, del aquí y ahora. Sin embargo, el estar siempre conociendo nuevas tecnologías y nuevos procesos hace que los millennials no se sientan cómodos en una organización que no los rete, sobre todo cuando ya llevan laborando más de dos o tres años. Ante ello, la rotación laboral es un problema que todas las organizaciones a nivel mundial deben enfrentar, más aún, las empresas nacionales, donde la mayoría de sus colaboradores son representados por esta generación. Estas empresas deben preguntarse cuál o cuáles son los motivos por el que este personal rota de trabajo en trabajo, no sin antes reconocer en su organización al verdadero millennial para saber el tipo de liderazgo que deben aplicar los jefes para tenerlos y retenerlos dentro de sus equipos. El tiempo para la generación millennial vale mucho, en gran medida porque han crecido viendo a sus padres y abuelos dedicándole la mayor parte de su vida al trabajo, sus familias han vivido para trabajar y esta generación busca cambiar este concepto, en base al equilibrio entre el trabajo y su calidad de vida. El presente trabajo de investigación buscará mediante investigaciones, encuestas, entrevistas, tablas, teorías y cuadros estadísticos conocer cuáles son las razones principales por las que este grupo tiende a cambiar de empresa en el corto plazo y qué acciones deben tomar las organizaciones para retenerlos.
Abstrac: Once and for different reasons the word millennials have been heard and read in different fields, whether personal, professional or academic. The members of this generation stand out for their adaptation to change, their high self-esteem, their familiarity with technology and their contribution with new ideas about a particular activity. This generation currently represents a quarter of the Peruvian population, which is equivalent to eight million inhabitants, who have very particular interests in relation to work, quality of life and personal development. Their relationship capacity is different from that of other generations, they are pending the latest communication trends; Connectivity is part of your being, it is the generation of speed, from the here and now. However, being always aware of new technologies and new processes mean that millennials do not feel comfortable in an organization that does not challenge them especially when they have been working for more than two or three years. Given this, labor turnover is a problem that all organizations worldwide must face, even more, large companies, where most of their employees are represented by this generation. These companies must ask themselves what or what are the reasons why this staff rotates from work to work, but not before recognizing in their organization the true millennial to know the type of leadership that the bosses must apply to have them and retain them within their team. The time for the millennial generation is worth a lot, largely because they have grown up watching their parents and grandparents dedicating most of their lives to work, their families have lived to work and this generation seeks to change this concept, based on the balance between Work and its quality of life. This research work will search through research, surveys, interviews, tables, theories and statistical tables to know what are the main reasons why this group tends to change companies in the short term and what actions organizations should take to retain them.
Trabajo de investigación

Millennials är en omtalad generation med starka krav på arbetsplatsen och tenderar att byta arbetsgivare ofta. Denna kvalitativa fallstudie undersöker därför om, och i så fall hur, millennials förväntningar på arbetsplatsen kan påverka hur företag arbetar för att attrahera respektive behålla millennials och om löftena överensstämmer med vad millennials faktiskt upplever. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med representanter från en svensk arbetsgivare. Företaget analyseras utifrån en egen analysmodell som kombinerar teorier om employer branding och millennials. Resultatet visar att företaget påverkas av millennials förväntningar och behov främst vid utformandet av informationssökning, employer value proposition och implementeringen av strategierna. Dessutom anser millennials på företaget att löftena överlag överensstämmer med verkligheten. Det framkommer några enstaka fall där de inte kongruerar, men detta har ingen påverkan på om de väljer att stanna på företaget eller inte.

This thesis explores generation Y motivators. They are a growing group of young people among the general workforce, and they have different behavior and motivators at work. This paper explores effective motivating factors for this group of employees by studying a company, LinkedIn, which successfully motivates generation Y employees. Data is gathered through several interviews done with LinkedIn employees working at their Dublin office. The data is analyzed with the help of a motivational theory called self-determination theory and its main concepts autonomy, relatedness and competence. Other insights from earlier studies done on generation Y motivation are used to support the analysis as well. The results and analysis are consistent with theory and earlier studies, and can even show some interesting factors generation Y employees value, such as high value for manager flexibility and sharing similar values with the company they work for.

Environmental protection has become one of the main concerns for consumers, which is why green consumption is an alternative to balance customer demand satisfaction and environmental protection. Despite the existence of different studies on green consumption, several questions remain unanswered, one of them is ¿why environmental awareness does not always lead to real purchases? which shows a need to know the factors that influence this behavior gap. This research aimed to identify whether attitudes and subjective norms influence the green purchase intentions of Ecuadorian millennials, it also analyzed whether the purchase intentions resulted in actual purchases, as well as the factors that influenced green purchasing inconsistencies. The research was quantitative and cross-sectional design, 710 millennials participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions and the data obtained were subjected to Cronbach's Alpha tests and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Finally, the validity of the proposed model was verified through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equations, using IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0. and AMOS 24. The results showed that subjective attitudes and norms influence purchase intentions. However, 82% of those intentions did not result in actual purchases. Habits are the main factor influencing green inconsistencies, while skepticism influences purchase intentions, availability and lack of knowledge influences consumer habits.
La protección ambiental es en una de las principales preocupaciones de los consumidores, permitiendo que el consumo verde equilibre la satisfacción de la demanda del cliente y la protección ambiental. A pesar de existir varios estudios sobre el consumo verde, varias preguntas siguen sin responderse, uno de ellas es ¿por qué la conciencia medioambiental no siempre conduce a compras reales? mostrando la necesidad de conocer los factores influyentes en esta brecha de comportamiento. El estudio identificó la influencia de las actitudes y las normas subjetivas en las intenciones de compra verde de los millennials ecuatorianos, también analizó si las intenciones de compra concluyeron en compras reales y los factores influyentes en las inconsistencias de compra. La investigación fue cuantitativa y transversal, 710 millennials participaron en el estudio. El cuestionario tuvo 26 preguntas y los datos fueron sometidos a pruebas Alfa de Cronbach y un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Finalmente, se verificó la validez del modelo propuesto a través de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y Ecuaciones Estructurales, usando IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0. y AMOS 24. Los resultados mostraron que las actitudes y las normas subjetivas influyen en las intenciones de compra. Sin embargo, el 82% de esas intenciones no resultaron en compras reales. Los hábitos son el principal factor que influye en las inconsistencias de compra verde, mientras que el escepticismo influye en las intenciones de compra, la disponibilidad y falta de conocimiento influye en los hábitos de consumo.

Submitted by Anderson do Nascimento Ricci (anderson.ricci@fgv.br) on 2018-08-01T19:49:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-08-02T17:39:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-22
Purpose – In the human quest for meaning, work occupies a central position. Most adults spend the majority of their waking hours at work, which often serves as a primary source of purpose and meaning. As the firm’s workforce constitutes an important source of its success, both scholars and practitioners are paying increasing attention to the recent field of meaning and purpose at work. In the field of the study of Organizational Behaviour, this dissertation focuses on examining the work orientation of Millennials (money, status or purpose). Moreover, it also explores how the four potential drivers (Sense of belongingness, Sense of unity with others, Personal growth and Sense of impact) affect Meaningful work within the generation of Millennials. Design/methodology/approach –158 full-time employed Millennials are studied. The data is collected via an online survey. Findings – The analysis finds (1) Millennials are in the pursuit of purpose at work (2) Millennials value purpose over status and money (3) only sense of belongingness, personal growth and sense of impact affect meaningful work (4) sense of unity with others did not impact meaningful work of Millennials. Finally, (5) Sense of impact is the most influential driver. Research limitations – Due to the lack of mature measurements of sense of purpose and meaning at work, future research, need to develop better-designed and conceptually stronger measures of meaningful work. Millennials in developing countries should also be studied as it could improve the theoretical and practical implications derived from the research. Moreover, there are aspects, which remain to be answered, for example, how this model works for different contexts, such as industries, organisational cultures, and how it evolves through different life moments. Practical implications – The findings emphasise the importance of understanding the work orientation of Millennials as well as the drivers that increase the meaning and purpose at work. It will help managers to develop greater purpose at work by changing the way business practices are approached with a win-win situation. Employees will bring their full set of values and strengths to work and, in turn, the organisation will support the employee in using those values and strengths in service of its mission. Originality – Up to now, no study has focused on studying the drivers of Meaningful work among the Millennials generation. On top of that, some people see work in their lives as solely a source of income or status. Others are oriented to see work as primarily about purpose – personal fulfilment and helping other people. The relatively sparse empirical research published on the Millennials characteristics is confusing and contradictory, and thus, there has been an inconclusive debate about their work orientation.
Objetivo – Na procura humana pelo significado, o trabalho ocupa uma posição central. A maioria dos adultos passa a maior parte das suas horas acordados no seu trabalho, o que deveria tornar o trabalho como uma fonte primária de propósito e significado. No campo do estudo do Comportamento Organizacional, esta dissertação enfoca o exame da orientação do trabalho dos Millennials (dinheiro, status ou propósito). Além disso, também explora como os quatro impulsores potenciais (Senso de pertencer, Sentido de unidade com os outros, Crescimento pessoal e Senso de impacto) afetam o trabalho significativo dentro da geração de Millennials. Metodologia – 158 millennials empregados em período integral foram estudados. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário online. Resultados – A análise concluí que (1) os Millennials procuram um propósito e um sentido no trabalho (2) Millennials sobrevalorizam o propósito e o sentido do trabalho sobre o status e dinheiro (3) apenas o sentimento de pertença, crescimento pessoal e o sentimento de diferença e impacto afetam o trabalho significativamente (4) o sentimento de unidade para com terceiros parece não impactar o trabalho significativo dos Millennials. Finalmente, (5) o sentimento de diferença e impacto (gerar uma diferença no trabalho) é a motivação mais influente no trabalho. Limitações – Devido à falta de medidas sólidas em relação ao sentimento de propósito e significado no trabalho, uma futura pesquisa poderá ser desenvolvida de forma a criar medidas que projetam melhor o trabalho significativo de forma mais estruturada. Seria também interessante estudar a geração dos Millennials nos países em desenvolvimento, pois poderá complementar as resoluções e implicações teóricas e práticas da análise. Por fim, existem aspetos que ainda procuram resposta, por exemplo, o funcionamento do modelo em contextos diversificados, como indústrias, culturas organizacionais, bem como a análise da evolução do conceito ao longo do tempo. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Os resultados revelam a importância de entender melhor a orientação para o trabalho desta nova geração - Millennials - bem como os fatores que aumentam o seu significado e o seu propósito no trabalho. Adicionalmente, esta dissertação servirá como complemento e uma ajuda adicional para os gerentes das empresas atingirem um propósito maior no trabalho para os seus colaboradores, mudando a forma como as práticas de negócios são abordadas, de modo a gerar uma situação beneficial para ambas as partes. Por outras palavras, os funcionários veram reunidos um conjunto completo de valores e motivações para trabalhar, onde por sua vez, a organização servirá como apoio na melhor aplicação desses valores e motivações, de modo a atingir os objetivos e ambições das duas partes. Originalidade – No entanto, até ao momento, nenhum estudo se focou em analisar as forças por detrás do trabalho significativo da geração dos Millennials. Dado isto, é importante mencionar que algumas pessoas veem o trabalho como um meio de sustento ou um mero status. Outros são levados a identificar o trabalho como um propósito primordial - realização pessoal e ajuda a terceiros. A pesquisa empírica existente é relativamente escassa em relação aos Millennials e às suas características, sendo que muitas vezes é confusa e contraditória. Consequentemente, esta discórdia gera um debate inconclusivo sobre o tópico do trabalho.

[ES] El emprendimiento rural es un área en desarrollo y motiva el interés de los gobiernos y los actores involucrados en la búsqueda de revitalizar espacios que históricamente se han venido marginando por la migración de la población en busca de oportunidades a las zonas urbanas y el escape a un conflicto armado de más de 50 años como el caso de Colombia, siendo un país que cuenta con una amplia extensión rural que llega al 96% del territorio. La mejora en la percepción de la seguridad debido al proceso de paz firmado en 2016 en la Habana (Cuba) y la disminución del conflicto armado en Departamentos como Antioquia presenta una vocación rural importante permite que se desarrollen nuevas apuestas empresariales en zonas que antes estaban vedadas por el conflicto armado. Motivado en lo anterior, en esta tesis se explora la actividad emprendedora de los estudiantes conectados con la ruralidad como lo son los de las Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias del Departamento de Antioquia. La primera parte de la tesis se centra en una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evolución del rol del emprendedor rural y del concepto del emprendimiento en sí, en esta parte se denota un cambio en la concepción de pasar de la creación de empresas solo pensando en la función agrícola, para transitar hacia la creación de empresas que no necesariamente son agrícolas, pero se ubican en un territorio rural, lo que da cabida a otro tipo de emprendimientos y una nueva forma de ver al emprendimiento rural. La segunda parte de la tesis realiza la exploración del marco normativo en Colombia para el emprendimiento, dejando ver que a pesar de tener una amplia extensión rural que llega al 99% del territorio del país, el desarrollo legislativo y de apoyo al emprendimiento rural es pobre, razón por la cual se convierte en una oportunidad para desarrollar estos territorios en un marco de posconflicto en Colombia. En tercer lugar, a través del examen preliminar del desarrollo de una fase exploratoria de trabajo de campo de estudios de caso, se pudo notar que los jóvenes participantes tienen interés por desarrollar apuestas empresariales en la ruralidad y generar empleo, no necesariamente se motivan por dinero, utilizan la innovación y la creatividad para compensar los desequilibrios del mercado. Aunque existen dificultades debido a la falta de apoyo estatal, marco normativo, dificultades para acceder al financiamiento y que no existe un ecosistema de emprendimiento rural. En cuarto lugar, se identificaron los impulsores, las barreras y las motivaciones para el emprendimiento rural. Se realizó mediante la consulta a expertos y el método Delphi que permitió la construcción de un instrumento al cual se realizaron las respectivas pruebas de fiabilidad tanto a la idoneidad de los expertos como al resultado de las variables en sí. En quinto lugar, el desarrollo del trabajo de campo, permite conocer la incidencia de los aspectos sociodemográficos en la actividad emprendedora de los jóvenes denominados "millennials" en la ruralidad de Antioquia, encontrándose que quienes tienen una mayor actividad son personas pertenecientes a clases altas mayoritariamente hombres, con estudios de posgrado, provenientes de familias donde los padres tienen al menos titulación universitaria, con situación distinta a soltero y con un rango de edad que oscila entre los 32 a 38 años. En sexto lugar, se analizó la competitividad de las empresas reportadas por los participantes del estudio, mediante un índice multidimensional encontrándose que la competitividad de las iniciativas se podría catalogar como media, solo exceptuándose alta en pocos casos como algunas empresas dedicadas a servicios para el agro, notándose que los puntos con mayor dificultad son la estrategia competitiva y el marketing. Por último, se analizó la actividad emprendedora en función de la intención emprendedora, la edad del encuestado, la edad de la empresa definida según los cr
[CA] L'emprendiment rural és una àrea en desenrotllament i motiva l'interés dels governs i els actors involucrats en la busca de revitalitzar espais que històricament s'han marginat per la migració de la població a la cerca d'oportunitats en les zones urbanes i la fuga a un conflicte armat de més de 50 anys com el cas de Colòmbia, sent un país que compta amb una àmplia extensió rural que arriba al 96% del territori La millora en la percepció de la seguretat a causa del procés de pau firmat en 2016 en l'Havana (Cuba) i la disminució del conflicte armat en Departaments com Antiòquia que també presenta una vocació rural important permet que es desenrotllen noves apostes empresarials en zones que abans estaven vedades pel conflicte armat Motivat en l'anterior, este treball s'explora l'activitat emprenedora d'estudiants connectats amb la ruralitat com ho són els de les Facultats de Ciències Agràries del Departament d'Antiòquia La primera part de la tesi se centra a fer una revisió bibliogràfica sobre l'evolució del rol de l'emprenedor rural i del concepte de l'emprenedoria en si, en esta part es denota un canvi en la concepció de passar de la creació d'empreses només pensant en la funció agrícola, per a transitar cap a la creació d'empreses que no necessàriament són agrícoles, però s'ubiquen en un territori rural, la qual cosa dóna cabuda a un altre tipus d'emprenedories i una nova forma de veure a l'emprenedoria rural. La segona part de la tesi realitza l'exploració del marc normatiu a Colòmbia per a l'emprenedoria, deixant veure que a pesar de tindre una àmplia extensió rural que arriba al 99% del territori del país, el desenrotllament legislatiu i de suport a l'emprendimiento rural és pobre, raó per la qual es convertix en una oportunitat per a desenrotllar estos territoris en un marc de postconflicte a Colòmbia En tercer lloc, l'exploració preliminar a través del desenrotllament d'una fase exploradora de treball de camp per mitjà de la documentació d'estudis de cas, es va poder notar que els jóvens participants tenen interés per desenrotllar apostes empresarials en la ruralitat i generar ocupació, no necessàriament es motiven per diners, utilitzen la innovació i la creativitat per a compensar els desequilibris del mercat, encara que hi ha dificultats degut a la falta de suport estatal, marc normatiu, dificultats per a accedir al finançament i la no existència d'un ecosistema d'emprenedoria rural. En quart lloc, es van identificar impulsors, barreres i motivacions per a l'emprenedoria rural per mitjà de la consulta a experts i el mètode Delphi que va permetre la construcció d'un instrument al qual es van realitzar les respectives proves de fiabilitat tant a la idoneïtat dels experts com al resultat de les variables en si. En quint lloc el desenrotllament del treball de camp, permet conéixer la incidència dels aspectes sociodemogràfics en l'activitat emprenedora dels jóvens denominats millennials; en la ruralitat d'Antiòquia, trobant-se que els que tenen una major activitat són persones pertanyents a classes altes majoritàriament hòmens, amb estudis de postgrau, provinents de famílies on els pares tenen almenys titulació universitària, amb situació diferent de la solteria i amb un rang d'edat que oscil·la entre els 32 a 38 anys. En sext lloc, s'analitze la competitivitat de les empreses reportades pels participants de l'estudi, per mitjà d'un índex multidimensional trobant-se que la competitivitat de les iniciatives es podria catalogar com mitja, només exceptuant-se alta en pocs casos i notant-se que els punts amb més dificultat són estratègia competitiva i màrqueting. Finalment, s'analitze l'activitat emprenedora en funció de la intenció emprenedora, l'edat de l'enquestat, l'edat de l'empresa definida segons els criteris del projecte GEM i l'índex de fre, el qual abrivament un model logit multinomial que mostra la incidència d'estos factors en
[EN] Rural entrepreneurship is a developing area and motivates the interest of governments and actors involved in the search to revitalize spaces that have historically been marginalized by the migration of the population in search of opportunities in urban areas and the escape from an armed conflict of more than 50 years as is the case of Colombia, being a country that has a large rural area that reaches 96% of the territory. The improvement in the perception of security due to the peace process signed in 2016 in Havana (Cuba) and the decrease in the armed conflict in departments such as Antioquia, which also has an important rural vocation, allows the development of new business ventures in areas previously closed to the armed conflict. Motivated by the above, this work explores the entrepreneurial activity of students connected to rurality, such as those from the Faculties of Agrarian Sciences of the Department of Antioquia. The first part of the thesis focuses on a bibliographic review of the evolution of the role of the rural entrepreneur and the concept of entrepreneurship itself. This part shows a change in the concept of moving from the creation of companies only thinking about the agricultural function, to the creation of companies that are not necessarily agricultural but are located in a rural territory, which allows for other types of enterprises and a new way of seeing rural entrepreneurship. The second part of the thesis explores the regulatory framework in Colombia for entrepreneurship, showing that despite having a large rural extension that reaches 99% of the country's territory, legislative development and support for rural entrepreneurship is poor, which is why it becomes an opportunity to develop these territories in a post-conflict framework in Colombia. Thirdly, the preliminary exploration through the development of an exploratory phase of fieldwork through the documentation of case studies, it could be noted that the young participants are interested in developing entrepreneurial bets in rurality and generate employment, they are not necessarily motivated by money, they use innovation and creativity to compensate for market imbalances, although there are difficulties due to the lack of state support, regulatory framework, difficulties in accessing funding and the non-existence of an ecosystem of rural entrepreneurship. Fourth, the drivers, barriers, and motivations for rural entrepreneurship were identified through consultation with experts and the Delphi method, which made it possible to construct an instrument for which the respective reliability tests were carried out on both the suitability of the experts and the outcome of the variables themselves. Fifthly, the development of the fieldwork, allows us to know the incidence of the sociodemographic aspects in the enterprising activity of the young people called "millennials" in the rural areas of Antioquia, being found that those who have a greater activity are people belonging to high classes, mainly men, with postgraduate studies, coming from families where the parents have at least a university degree, with a situation different from that of being single and with an age range that oscillates between 32 and 38 years old. In sixth place, it was analyzed the competitiveness of the companies reported by the participants of the study, through a multidimensional index being found that the competitiveness of the initiatives could be cataloged as average, only excepting high in few cases and noticing that the points with greater difficulty are competitive strategy and marketing. Finally, the entrepreneurial activity was analyzed according to the entrepreneurial intention, the age of the respondent, the age of the company defined by the criteria of the GEM project, and the braking index, which gave a multinomial logit model that shows the impact of these factors on the probability of entrepreneurial activity...
Arias Vargas, FJ. (2021). Actividad emprendedora de los millennials en Antioquia (Colombia) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164046
TESIS

Conducts a deep research of the online and smartphone consumer behaviour with a focus on the Spanish Millennials. The main goal of the thesis is to identify a different online and smartphone pattern among Millennials in Spain, compared to the general population. At the same time, obtaining valuable and insightful information about the Spanish Millennials consumer behaviour and trends is another goal of the thesis. This thesis aims to provide key findings on the topic, adding valuable knowledge, based on the current situation and behaviour of this segment of the Spanish population.

Submitted by Anderson do Nascimento Ricci (anderson.ricci@fgv.br) on 2018-08-01T19:49:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-08-02T17:39:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa.pdf: 2599879 bytes, checksum: 5070d266fa2935b7500eb453201f626a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-22
Purpose – In the human quest for meaning, work occupies a central position. Most adults spend the majority of their waking hours at work, which often serves as a primary source of purpose and meaning. As the firm’s workforce constitutes an important source of its success, both scholars and practitioners are paying increasing attention to the recent field of meaning and purpose at work. In the field of the study of Organizational Behaviour, this dissertation focuses on examining the work orientation of Millennials (money, status or purpose). Moreover, it also explores how the four potential drivers (Sense of belongingness, Sense of unity with others, Personal growth and Sense of impact) affect Meaningful work within the generation of Millennials. Design/methodology/approach –158 full-time employed Millennials are studied. The data is collected via an online survey. Findings – The analysis finds (1) Millennials are in the pursuit of purpose at work (2) Millennials value purpose over status and money (3) only sense of belongingness, personal growth and sense of impact affect meaningful work (4) sense of unity with others did not impact meaningful work of Millennials. Finally, (5) Sense of impact is the most influential driver. Research limitations – Due to the lack of mature measurements of sense of purpose and meaning at work, future research, need to develop better-designed and conceptually stronger measures of meaningful work. Millennials in developing countries should also be studied as it could improve the theoretical and practical implications derived from the research. Moreover, there are aspects, which remain to be answered, for example, how this model works for different contexts, such as industries, organisational cultures, and how it evolves through different life moments. Practical implications – The findings emphasise the importance of understanding the work orientation of Millennials as well as the drivers that increase the meaning and purpose at work. It will help managers to develop greater purpose at work by changing the way business practices are approached with a win-win situation. Employees will bring their full set of values and strengths to work and, in turn, the organisation will support the employee in using those values and strengths in service of its mission. Originality – Up to now, no study has focused on studying the drivers of Meaningful work among the Millennials generation. On top of that, some people see work in their lives as solely a source of income or status. Others are oriented to see work as primarily about purpose – personal fulfilment and helping other people. The relatively sparse empirical research published on the Millennials characteristics is confusing and contradictory, and thus, there has been an inconclusive debate about their work orientation.
Objetivo – Na procura humana pelo significado, o trabalho ocupa uma posição central. A maioria dos adultos passa a maior parte das suas horas acordados no seu trabalho, o que deveria tornar o trabalho como uma fonte primária de propósito e significado. No campo do estudo do Comportamento Organizacional, esta dissertação enfoca o exame da orientação do trabalho dos Millennials (dinheiro, status ou propósito). Além disso, também explora como os quatro impulsores potenciais (Senso de pertencer, Sentido de unidade com os outros, Crescimento pessoal e Senso de impacto) afetam o trabalho significativo dentro da geração de Millennials. Metodologia – 158 millennials empregados em período integral foram estudados. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário online. Resultados – A análise concluí que (1) os Millennials procuram um propósito e um sentido no trabalho (2) Millennials sobrevalorizam o propósito e o sentido do trabalho sobre o status e dinheiro (3) apenas o sentimento de pertença, crescimento pessoal e o sentimento de diferença e impacto afetam o trabalho significativamente (4) o sentimento de unidade para com terceiros parece não impactar o trabalho significativo dos Millennials. Finalmente, (5) o sentimento de diferença e impacto (gerar uma diferença no trabalho) é a motivação mais influente no trabalho. Limitações – Devido à falta de medidas sólidas em relação ao sentimento de propósito e significado no trabalho, uma futura pesquisa poderá ser desenvolvida de forma a criar medidas que projetam melhor o trabalho significativo de forma mais estruturada. Seria também interessante estudar a geração dos Millennials nos países em desenvolvimento, pois poderá complementar as resoluções e implicações teóricas e práticas da análise. Por fim, existem aspetos que ainda procuram resposta, por exemplo, o funcionamento do modelo em contextos diversificados, como indústrias, culturas organizacionais, bem como a análise da evolução do conceito ao longo do tempo. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Os resultados revelam a importância de entender melhor a orientação para o trabalho desta nova geração - Millennials - bem como os fatores que aumentam o seu significado e o seu propósito no trabalho. Adicionalmente, esta dissertação servirá como complemento e uma ajuda adicional para os gerentes das empresas atingirem um propósito maior no trabalho para os seus colaboradores, mudando a forma como as práticas de negócios são abordadas, de modo a gerar uma situação beneficial para ambas as partes. Por outras palavras, os funcionários veram reunidos um conjunto completo de valores e motivações para trabalhar, onde por sua vez, a organização servirá como apoio na melhor aplicação desses valores e motivações, de modo a atingir os objetivos e ambições das duas partes. Originalidade – No entanto, até ao momento, nenhum estudo se focou em analisar as forças por detrás do trabalho significativo da geração dos Millennials. Dado isto, é importante mencionar que algumas pessoas veem o trabalho como um meio de sustento ou um mero status. Outros são levados a identificar o trabalho como um propósito primordial - realização pessoal e ajuda a terceiros. A pesquisa empírica existente é relativamente escassa em relação aos Millennials e às suas características, sendo que muitas vezes é confusa e contraditória. Consequentemente, esta discórdia gera um debate inconclusivo sobre o tópico do trabalho.

Dall'inizio del Ventesimo Secolo, autori ed esperti di marketing hanno attribuito nomi diversi alle diverse generazioni; ecco che abbiamo la Silent Generation, i Baby Boomers, la Generazione X, i Millennials e la Generazione Z, anche se i confini tra questi gruppi non sono sempre ben definiti. Oggi i Millennials interessano molto alle aziende, perché compongono un enorme segmento del mercato. Infatti le persone appartenenti a questa generazione hanno al momento attuale tra i 21 e i 40 anni, il che significa che sono consumatori autonomi e attivi. Conseguentemente, conoscere i loro atteggiamenti e comportamenti è di vitale importanza ai fini di un'efficiente targetizzazione. Questo studio esamina la rilevanza dei segmenti generazionali in relazione a comportamenti sostenibili. Le generazioni più giovani sono spesso considerate più attente alle esigenze dell'ambiente. In realtà, la letteratura esistente a riguardo fornisce opinioni contrastanti. La presente tesi inizia con una literature review con lo scopo di produrre un'analisi comprensiva delle differenze tra generazioni relativamente alla loro coscienza ambientale. Questo approccio permette inoltre di individuare le variabili che influenzano tale coscienza, al di là dell’età. Alla review seguono la creazione e la somministrazione di un questionario ad un campione di 150 consumatori italiani di generazioni diverse. Lo scopo è quello di analizzare la loro coscienza ambientale e di individuare eventuali nuovi segmenti.

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação, ramo de Jornalismo
Data is a term that is currently making massive waves amongst media and news media. With stories like the Iraq War Logs, it made its way onto the journalistic stage. Due to that, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the characteristics of data journalism and its effects on journalism. Therefore, the related project is designed to make use of current models in order to find out what it takes through practical use. Furthermore, the conducted case study aims to determine the usage and acceptance by the audience of the social network Twitter and in particular the Millennials. The subject of the study was the produced visual data outcome and the feedback given by citizens and especially consumers/ users of Twitter. The data for the study was gathered through a quantitative image type analysis and the record of retweets and favorites. These data support the view that data journalism with its visual results appeal to the audience and the characteristics of the Millennials. Additionally, it was concluded that the basic attitude of journalists will not change but the tools and skills need to be implemented in the newsroom and the work process of the storytelling journalist that, as a result, will promote watchdog and citizen journalism.

Background:  Distinguishing from competitors nowadays turns out to be more difficult as mass communication is a topical issue. Not only, but also in the fashion industry, sustainability is an upcoming topic, especially since this industry is deemed to be the second most polluting worldwide and strives for a change in consumerism. Particularly, millennials are perceived to be the generation being most aware of sustainable alternatives and aspire to protect the environment. Green Marketing is applied to thus promote green processes, products and the like to several customer segments.  Purpose:        The purpose of this thesis is to qualitatively explore the impact of green marketing on the purchase behavior of European female millennials in the fashion industry. Method:         The method chosen for this study were online focus groups with female informants from several European countries. Five online focus groups with a total of 31 informants were conducted. The qualitative study is based on an inductive and interpretivist approach. Due to the existence of known models, individual deductive elements were included for data collection. Finally, a theoretical framework was created. Conclusion:        The results show that green marketing is perceived in a diversified way. Positively, green marketing is creating awareness towards considering sustainable fashion and a possible future change in the purchasing behavior. Negatively it is said, that green marketing is often associated with greenwashing and dishonest pursuits of the companies. Due to sustainability becoming more important and popular, green marketing is also related to a trend in marketing to keep up with competitors. However, green marketing in this study was found out to have no significant impact on the purchase behavior. Overall, the impact of green marketing depends strongly on the knowledge level of the informants in this study. It is noteworthy, that informants with basic knowledge are most likely to be influenced by GM