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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Millennium Development Goals (MDG, MDGs)'
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1
Kayembe, Lidia. "The Health of Nations: Three Essays In Health Economics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31510.
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Three essays form this thesis which addresses the effectiveness of interventions aimed at attaining two health Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations: a 2/3rds reduction by 2015 of 1990 child mortality rates (MDG4) and 3/4th reduction of 1990 maternal mortality rates by the same date (MDG5). The first chapter assesses the relative efficiency of 85 countries at using these interventions for the reduction of child and maternal mortality. It teases out the extent to which mortality reduction is a result of the interventions themselves as opposed to the context in which they are implemented. A three step procedure which includes Data Envelopment Analysis indicates that efficiency is mainly driven by context.
Chapter 2 addresses the association between the 2000-2008 rates of change of interventions and the rate of change of mortality. It uses finite mixture modeling to take account of the possibility that there may be underlying heterogeneity in the mortality reduction functions of the 32 sub-Saharan African countries studied. Results support this hypothesis and show that an intervention may exhibit increasing returns to scale in some countries and decreasing returns to scale in others.
Chapter 3 assesses the link between interventions and mortality rates and examines cost minimizing scenarios for attaining MDG4 and MDG5 in 27 sub-Saharan African countries. Lagged data on interventions predicts mortality rates (by OLS) to take into account the potential reverse causality between the two. Results indicate that achieving MDG mortality targets at the least possible cost invariably requires very substantive increases in medical human resources, yet training physicians has not been the main objective of public health organizations. Furthermore, improving the context in which interventions are implemented - increasing female literacy or effectiveness of political stability- allows countries to reach mortality targets with substantially lower levels of interventions (including, much lower levels of physician density).
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Khaled, Khoaja M. "Tuberculosis (TB) progress toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and DOTS in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05022008-152504/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Frances McCarty, committee chair; Derek G. Shendell, co-chair; Ike S Okosun, committee member. Electronic text (140 p. : col. ill., col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 15, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
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Adeka, Saudat O. "The contributions of Sustainable Healthy Workplaces to the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17389.
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The study aimed to examine the contributions of two corporate, non-health, transnational, Sustainable Healthy Workplaces (SHWs) to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) in Nigeria.
The research questions in this study sought to determine the contributions made by SHWs to combating malaria and ‘other diseases’ and ensuring gender equality in health at work, thus ascertaining the contributions of the studied organisations to the MDGs 3 and 6 in Nigeria.
A qualitative, eclectic case study of two SHWs was carried out. Data were sourced through documentary analysis and the use of semi-structured interviews, with 22 and 13 purposive sampled participants at organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively. Also, descriptive and thematic data analyses were utilised for numerical and textual data respectively, and these analyses were then compared and interpreted.
The results showed that both organisations contributed to the achievement of the two MDGs studied with policies and practices that were available but inadequate. Both implemented relevant and gender-specific policies but conducted inadequate workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs). Organisation ‘B’ had basic structural facilities to promote healthy lifestyle choices, which were missing at organisation ‘A’. Given this, there was no record of significant levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at organisation ‘B’, unlike organisation ‘A’ with its remarkable record. A decline in reported cases of malaria (a communicable disease - CD) occurred throughout the study period at organisation ‘A’, with the highest recorded in 2012 (25.4%) and the lowest in 2014 (21.8%). No pattern was observed at organisation ‘B’ but the highest incidence of this disease was recorded in 2014 (75.6%) and the lowest in 2013 (30.7%).
At organisation ‘A’, there was a steady rise in sickness absences among male employees, contrary to the documented decline among that of female employees. No consistent pattern was observed regarding sickness absence for gender categories at organisation ‘B’. Deaths were recorded at organisation ‘A’ during the study period, except in 2014 when there were none. Organisation ‘B’ had no recorded mortality throughout the entire study period.
The findings from the literature review, using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Clearinghouse for Labour Evaluation and Research (CLEAR) checklists for quality assessment of the selected articles, showed that any effort aimed at preventing and combating diseases while ensuring gender equality in health among the workforce had a positive impact on stakeholders. This led to the most important element of the social and economic development agenda, including the MDGs, being addressed. Additionally, findings from organisations ‘A’ and ‘B’ revealed positive, but inadequate, and varied contributions to the attainment of the MDGs, with better performance recorded at organisation ‘B’. This implied the need for these organisations to have done more in order to make a better contribution to the MDGs. The MDGs had 2015 as their target date, but they have now been replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, the lesson learnt from MDGs can be transferred to the implementation of the current SDGs, which are termed the ‘Global Goals’.
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Sias, Mercia. "The role of the public library in realizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A case study of Groenheuwel Public Library." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5168.
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Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBiblThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is a tool through which the present government in South Africa wants to implement transformation in regard with raising the standard of living of the people in all spheres of life. Libraries are often seen as important agencies for information dissemination and other services. Public libraries have a vital role to play in the achievement of the MDGs. Stakeholders all over the spectrum need to collaborate with libraries to achieve these goals by 2015. The study investigated the role of the public library in realising some of the MDGs by means of a case study of Groenheuwel Public Library. The aim of this case study was to determine how this public library contributes to the development of Groenheuwel. Empirical research techniques were used to determine whether public libraries contribute to the well-being of the community of Groenheuwel and to the achievement of certain targets for the Millennium Development Goals. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a framework for libraries and information services to develop and align their strategies and access their contribution towards their countries (Kaniki, 2008:16). The methodology applied was a quantitative questionnaire which included open-ended questions, which explored the role of the public library in the respondents' lives. The study made use of random sampling; the population of the study was adult library users. Every third library user was asked to complete a questionnaire over a period of two weeks. The data collected, informed the researcher what the purpose of the adult users' visit to the library was and whether the library addresses MDGs directly or indirectly. The findings should provide empirical evidence of the impact of public libraries, with reference to Groenheuwel public library, in addressing some of the Millennium Development Goals. The researcher hopes that this study will convince local government and decision makers to expand the library to a bigger library, to render an effective and efficient library service with added staff members and that the community find the library valuable and vital for their information needs.
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URAGUCHI, Zenebe Bashaw. "The Role of Aid Allocation in Some Aspects of Food Security in Northern Ethiopia:Micro Analysis." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14051.
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Nyawuyanga, Tafadzwa Maggie. "Corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4771.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe aim of this study is to critically analyse corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe. The main question is how CSR can be used to speed up the achievement of development goals? The paper will focus on how CSR can be used to achieve national development goals and MDGs that will soon be integrated into SDGs. Attention will be paid to MDG1 which goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; and MDG 5 which aims to improve maternal health and national development goals in Zimbabwe. The research is guided by the following objectives: 1. To examine international, regional and national legal frameworks that seek to promote corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe. 2. To establish the connection between CSR and development goals in Zimbabwe, and explore how CSR can be used as a tool to fast-track the achievement of national development goals and UN development goals. The paper will investigate the efforts made by the Zimbabwean government to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to improve maternal health. The two MDGs are proving to be difficult to be achieved by the end of 2015. 3. To recommend measures that would facilitate the promotion of CSR into Zimbabwean companies and assist the government in achieving the developmental goals within the specified time frame.
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Edholm, Fredrik. "Education for all in Tanzania : A case study of the MDG footprint in Babati." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2710.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of free education for all on the primary schools in Babati, Tanzania. The study is based on the fieldwork carried out in Babati district Tanzania, where information was gathered through qualitative methods. The empirical findings are analysed using a World Bank model of how educational inputs affects welfare outcomes. The study examines the millennium development goal with respect to giving every child an education. The study shows that a bigger impact can be seen in an increased enrolment in schools. That was the result of removing the primary school fees. This has resulted in overcrowding in the primary schools, lack of enough teachers, classrooms and learning material. However, over time the performances have improved. In the short term, the removal of school fees increased enrolment but resulted in poor quality of the education. In the long term, these problems are decreasing and the educational sector can now provide education to children that could not afford it before.
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Aduba, Nkeiruka Adaobi. "Million flickering embers : a multidisciplinary analysis of child mortality in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18617.
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The issue of child mortality is currently under international spotlight, as the rates of neonatal and under five mortality are sobering. „About 29,000 children under the age of five [approximately] 21 each minute die every day, mainly from preventable causes‟. Although there has been a decline in global child mortality rates since 1990, sub-Saharan Africa still has the highest rates, where one child in eight dies before age five. As contained in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010 report, in 2008, sub-Saharan Africa bore half of the 8.8 million deaths in children under five.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2012.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Kumalo, Deliwe Maria. "Parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60950.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' perceptions of the food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs in a resource-constrained community, in terms of daily eating patterns, current knowledge and attitudes with regards to food choice, food production and food preparation, as well as community-based nutrition-related needs and information to be included in an intervention aimed at community-wide health and well-being. The study forms part of a broader research project, which aims to facilitate health and well-being in resource-constrained communities, in support of reaching identified Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs).
Interpretivism was utilised as meta-theoretical lens and a qualitative research approach was followed. I selected Bronfenbrenner's Ecosystems Theory as guiding framework for the current study. A Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) research design was utilised to generate data with 22 purposefully selected parents from three primary schools in the Bronkhorstspruit area. Data were generated and documented through PRA-based workshops, observation, visual techniques, field notes and a reflective journal.
Following inductive thematic analysis, five themes and related sub-themes emerged. The first theme relates to the daily eating patterns of the community, reflecting food consumed during breakfast, lunch and dinner. Secondly, healthy eating practices were identified as a theme, indicating that community members had a clear understanding of what healthy eating practices entails, available resources to inform healthy eating practices and current informational needs in terms of healthy eating practices. The third theme highlights food preparation practices, where women take responsibility for food preparation by means of a variety of methods. The fourth theme emphasises food purchasing practices, where community members buy from larger chain-stores, local shops and informal traders. Finally, the fifth theme indicates food production practices, where community members prefer to grow their own vegetables.
Based on the findings it can be concluded that this community's food consumption patterns are primarily affected by factors in the macrosystem, namely poverty and unemployment. At the macro-level, access to healthy food, cost of healthy food and the influence of the media are aspects influencing the perceptions and decisions of community members such as parents. Changed food consumption practices and nutrition-related needs within the community may, in turn, effect change in the macrosystem by informing related future interventions.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted
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Ntanjana, Akho. "Millennium development goals ( MDGs ) and women - the implementation of article 10 ( 3 ) of the protocol on the rights of women in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18621.
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Few would deny that the Republic of South Africa (South Africa) has achieved a lot in its quest to improve the pressing social challenges (such as poverty; illiteracy; HIV/AIDS; crime prevalence; preventable diseases, and high levels unemployment). It must be firmly said that these social ills generally affect everyone – particularly the historically marginalised group in South Africa. However, there are also few who would deny that South African women (including the girl-child), as it is the case elsewhere in Africa suffer disproportionately that their male counterparts. Some have supported the view that gender discrimination is the main source of women’s disempowerment today. For instance, society has accepted consciously or otherwise that women are inferior to men and as such cannot take part both in public and private spheres of life. It is nevertheless not the object of this study to delve into to the complex and often misunderstood causes of women’s marginalisation in South Africa.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Maher, Edmond. "How and why universal primary education was selected as a Millennium Development Goal : a case study." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687307.
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Between 2000 and 2015 the Millennium Development Goals were the focus of much global attention and activity. They were selected in light of astounding poverty, with over 1 billion people at the time living on less than $1 per day. In a sense the MDGs were morally undeniable. The focus of this study is MDG2, universal primary education. It sets out to establish how and why MDG2 came to be selected. Whilst its selection seems obvious, for years developing countries complained about the short-sightedness of prioritising primary over secondary and tertiary education (Klees 2008). A task force commissioned by the World Bank and UNESCO at the time showed that the Bank’s rate of return analysis on primary education was flawed. It argued that developing countries need highly educated people to be economic and social entrepreneurs, develop good governance, strong institutions and infrastructure. In this way MDG2’s selection is problematic. Using case study method, first the literature is examined. Three hypotheses are generated: one based on a rational synoptic theory, one on critical theory and one on world society theory. A range of data are used to establish findings and test hypotheses. The study then considers implications of the findings for theory and the policy process. The findings show that priorities promoting more equal opportunities, such as MDG2, were gradually preferred. Whereas priorities promoting more equal outcomes, such as elimination of trade barriers, were gradually excluded. The study finds no evidence that the General Assembly ever voted on the list of 8 MDGs. Rather, the MDGs were selected by elite policy actors, addressing multiple interests. The study considers the assertion that marginalization of the poor does not happen because people harbor ill will toward them, rather because “The poor have no friends among the global elite” (Pogge 2011, p. 62).
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Ahmad, Sardar. "An Overview of Progress towards RBM Objectives and MDGs Concerning Malaria in the Americas: A Comparative Analysis of Data from the Years 2000 and 2005." restricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11082007-140711/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Derek G. Shendell, committee chair; Michael P. Eriksen, Ike S. Okosun, committee members. Electronic text (84 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 20, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).
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Chama-Chiliba, Chitalu Miriam. "An economic analysis of maternal health care in Zambia." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40259.
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This thesis investigates the utilisation of maternal health care in Zambia, where despite being a signatory to the Safe Motherhood Initiative and Millennium Development Goals, which are aimed at improving maternal health, indicators of maternal health continue to perform poorly. The need to understand crucial factors in improving maternal health motivated the current research, especially since there is a dearth of literature in this area in Zambia. The thesis focuses on two aspects of maternal health care: antenatal care (ANC) and facility-based deliveries, to answer two broad questions. Firstly, what factors determine the use of ANC in Zambia? Secondly, to what extent has the abolition of user fees affected facility-based deliveries?
An assessment of the factors, which explain the utilisation of ANC in Zambia, using three sets of comparable datasets reveals that, while there are differences in the factors explaining the decision to use ANC and the frequency of visits over time, the decision to seek ANC and the frequency of use is low among the poor and less educated, and there are marked regional differences in utilisation. The most appropriate econometric specification for antenatal visits, according to different performance indicators, was the two-part model, which differs from recent research favouring more complex methodologies.
The analysis is further extended through the inclusion of supply-side factors and the examination of individual and community level factors associated with inadequate and non-use of ANC, following the adoption of the focused ANC approach in Zambia. To incorporate the supply side factors, the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was linked to administrative and health facility census data using geo-referenced data. To assess the factors associated with (1) the inadequate use of ANC (defined as three or less visits), and (2) the non-use of ANC in the first trimester of pregnancy, we specify two multilevel logistic models. At the individual level, the woman’s employment status, quality of ANC received and the husband’s educational attainment are negatively associated, while parity, the household childcare burden and wealth are positively associated with inadequate utilisation of ANC. Both individual and community level characteristics influence inadequate use and non-use of ANC in the first trimester; however, community level factors are relatively stronger in rural areas.
Although ANC is an important facet of maternal care, it occurs before delivery, but does not necessarily provide much information with respect to delivery decisions. Therefore, the thesis investigates delivery decisions, as well, in particular, the effect of user fee removal in rural areas of Zambia on facility-based deliveries. To account for regional differences, we employ a Seemingly Unrelated Regression model incorporating an Interrupted Time Series design. The analysis uses quarterly longitudinal data covering 2003q1-2008q4. When unobserved heterogeneity, spatial dependence and quantitative supply-side factors are controlled for, user fee removal is found to immediately increase aggregate facility-based deliveries, although the national trend was unaffected. Drug availability and the presence of traditional birth attendants also influence facility-based deliveries at the national level, such that, in the short-term, strengthening and improving community-based interventions could increase facility-based deliveries. However, there is significant variation and spatial dependence masked in the aggregate analysis. The results highlight the importance of service quality in promoting facility-based deliveries, and also suggest that social and cultural factors, especially in rural areas, influence the use of health facilities for delivery. These factors are not easily addressed, through an adjustment to the cost of delivery in health facilities.
Additionally, we analyse the effect of user fee abolition on the location of childbirth, focussing on deliveries that occur in public health facilities using household survey data. To elicit the causal relationship, we exploit the relative change in fees across health districts within a difference-in-differences framework. Surprisingly, although reductions in home deliveries were observed, as expected, reductions in public health facility-based deliveries were also uncovered, along with increases in deliveries at private health facilities. However, these findings were statistically insignificant; suggesting that the abolition of user fees had little, if any, impact on the choice of location for childbirth. The statistically insignificant, but unexpected, causal effects further suggest that the removal of user fees have unintended consequences, possibly the transference of facility costs to the client, which would deter the utilisation of delivery services. Therefore, abolishing user fees, alone, may not be sufficient to affect changes in outcomes; instead, other efforts, such as improving service quality, could have a greater impact.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Economics
unrestricted
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Eshetu, Sofia, and Caroline Kinuthia. "Bridging the digital divide : Improving Internet usage in Eastern Africa." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20423.
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Internet is viewed as the most vital digital technology in the globe. Eastern Africa has the least penetration of ICT per capita in the world. Internet is a valuable resource that has propelled enormous economic growth in many developed countries. In order for Eastern African governments to narrow the socio-economic divide between developed countries and themselves, there is need to overcome this digital handicap. Enormous investments in ICT infrastructure are essential. The governments must participate in making crucial decisions to wisely allocate the limited resources to improve the current infrastructure.This thesis investigates Internet use, access and penetration in Eastern Africa. Theoretical research has been carried out to elaborate on the subject matter. Through empirical study, we will come up with a fresh way to verify and understand the Internet situation in the region.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Oliveira, Maria Cecília da Silva. "Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio: a vida segura na governamentalidade planetária." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2596.
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This research analyses the investment in the aesthetics of secure life, which emerges from the proximities between development and security. The focus of the analysis is on the governmental practices accompanying the Millennium Development Goals derived from the Millennium Declaration of the United Nations. The aim is to study development through the relationship between government and governmentality, which evidence the investments in the management of life by means of political economy as a principle of calculation aiming at the improvement of human capital. Through the depletion of biopolitics, this thesis shows the operation of planetary governmentality through the shifts that make poverty management a shared objective aimed at the planet's population, providing interventions and regulations of governmental practices in environments. The United Nations used the turn of the millennium as a strategy to upgrade its structure and mission, and adopted the goal of reducing poverty and hunger as a transterritorial risk. This approach triggered development discourses about promoting sustainability, financial aid flows, expert knowledge and repositioned the UN s role in the humanitarian field. Relations formerly centered on the state were reshaped to include and expand civil society participation, illustrating how the diplomatic dispositif and development programs are actualized by the exercise of neoliberal freedom in the 21st century. This is the main axis of investment that improves the productivity of the population without giving up the predominance of control, and that makes security an essential mechanism for capitalist development to operate its technologies. The genealogy of power discussed by Michel Foucault guides the mapping of strategic knowledge produced in main conferences. These conferences highlight the interest in new nuances produced by the introduction of the diplomatic dispositif in the field of political economy, which acts as technology and language to expand development programs between the twentieth and twenty-first century. The emergence of food security was crucial in connecting sustainable development and the management of hunger, environment and misery on the planet. The case study shows how the use of food security in Brazil operationalized technologies to expand the discourse of the MDGs and the ethics of secure life as a universal project
Esta pesquisa aborda a emergência e investimento na estética da vida segura, a partir das proximidades entre desenvolvimento e segurança, situando as práticas governamentais esperadas pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio das Nações Unidas, derivados da Declaração do Milênio. O objetivo é apresentar os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento a partir do interesse nas relações governo e governamentalidade, que evidenciam os investimentos na gestão da vida por meio da economia política como princípio de cálculo para o aprimoramento do capital humano. A partir do esgotamento da biopolítica, esta tese mostra o funcionamento da governamentalidade planetária por meio dos deslocamentos que fazem da gestão da pobreza um objetivo compartilhado voltado à população do planeta, que proporcionam intervenções e regulações das práticas governamentais nos ambientes. As Nações Unidas utilizou a virada do milênio como estratégia para atualizar sua estrutura e missão, e adotou a redução da pobreza e da fome como risco transterritorial. Isto a fez acionar os discursos do desenvolvimento para impulsionar a sustentabilidade, os fluxos financeiros à assistência, os saberes dos especialistas, e reposicionar seu papel no campo dos humanitarismos. As relações centradas no Estado foram redimensionadas para incluir a participação da sociedade civil ampliada, mostrando que o dispositivo diplomático e os programas de desenvolvimento são acionados pelos exercícios da liberdade neoliberal no século XXI. Este é o principal eixo de investimento que viabiliza a produtividade da população sem abdicar da predominância dos controles, e que fazem da segurança mecanismo essencial para que o desenvolvimento capitalista possa operar suas tecnologias. A genealogia do poder tratada por Michel Foucault orienta o mapeamento de saberes estratégicos produzidos nas chamadas grandes conferências que marcam o interesse em ressaltar novas nuances produzidos pela introdução do dispositivo diplomático no campo da economia política, como tecnologia e linguagem própria da expansão dos programas de desenvolvimento entre o século XX e XXI. A emergência da segurança alimentar foi decisiva para associar desenvolvimento sustentável, gestão da fome, do meio ambiente e das misérias no planeta. O estudo de caso apresenta como o uso da segurança alimentar no Brasil operacionalizou as tecnologias necessárias para expandir o discurso dos ODM e da estética da vida segura como projeto universal
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Mitchell, Therese. "The sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector / T. Mitchell." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10173.
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The need for donor funding has increased significantly over the last decade. Without donor funding millions of people wouldn’t be alive today. Thanks either to research finding a cure, successful treatment, funds donated for food, aid toward building infrastructure, or giving people the opportunity to further their education. Donor funding thus facilitates a better future. A literature review was conducted to give background on the health sector and how these funds were distributed, ethical clearance, different types of reporting, the role project managers pays in a project and the sustainability of projects. Expenses in different countries were evaluated by gathering data from the internet, while two international funded projects are also used to state how funders divide their line items into different categories. The empirical study used a qualitative research approach by collecting and analysing data obtained from the MDG 2010 report and other freely available data on the web. The main findings from this thesis are: *The Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s) influence donor funding as it gives donors a guide towards funding needs. Donors are also influenced by their own preferences or what poses a burden to them individually. *The different types of reporting required for funding received, delay a project and the bureaucratic structures thereof are a hindrance. *Ethical clearance plays a fundamental role in the outcome of a project, as without ethical clearance a project cannot commence. *The objectives of a project play a critical role when applying for funding. This can change the focus of a project.
*Expenses differ from country to country and funders need to take this into account when giving funding to recipient countries. *Project Managers and community involvement plays a critical role in ensuring sustainability of projects. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR *The MDG’s are not on track and aid are focus on singular goals instead of multiple goals, to ensure an overall improved result. There is a major gap between needed funds and given funds. A single injection of funds will not be the solution to our health problem; different sectors need to collaborate together as we are facing a multi-dimensional problem. Trade and reform must also form part of this aid, ensuring a sustainable progression in the life’s of people. Donor funded projects may have a sustainable future, when taking in account the abovementioned findings. With the world trend in reporting changing rapidly, cost and management accountants as well as financial accountants and project managers have to equip them to adhere to the new way of reporting, namely integrated and sustainability reporting. South Africa is way behind and needs to catch up fast if they want to stay competitive in the “global donor funding market”. The limitations in this study were that not all expenses were evaluated and only 15 countries were looked at. An indebt look was taken into Africa with the empirical review, while Asia is also combating poor health issues. Some African countries like Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe did not have sufficient data to compare with other countries. From the research conducted, the following topics were identified that require further research: *Why are most projects in Third World countries not sustainable? *What plans are put into action to ensure that the MDG goals are reached? *Investigate what works for First World countries health systems and consider how that can be applied to Third World countries to ensure that they also get the best health care available. *Do donors take into account the different costs of countries when allocating funding to that specific country? *Establishing models to evaluate the sustainability of pilot projects and normal projects. *Establishing a model on how to distribute donor funds across different needs and not only one specific need.MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013
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Bultume, Mulugeta Debel. "Utilization of the health extension program services in Akaki district Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1771.
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Master of Public Health - MPHThe Health Extension Program (HEP) is an innovative, community based comprehensive primary health care program that Ethiopia introduced in 2003. It gives special emphasis to the provision of preventive and promotive services at community and household level. However, utilization of the HEP packages is low and reasons for this underutilization are not well known. The aim of this study is to assess the availability and utilization of the Health Extension Program Service in Akaki District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey design. The study was conducted in Akaki District of Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia with 79,162 inhabitants. Random sampling was used to select 355 households. A structured data collection tool/ questionnaire was employed to collect data from the study participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 19. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socio demographic characteristics of the study participants and to assess the availability and utilization of each service component. The response rate of the study was 100% with complete data obtained from 335 (94.4%) of the households. The majority (93.1%) of respondents were women. The availability of HEP services as described by the household visit of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) is very high with 86.6% visiting at least monthly and 11.3% visited sometimes. There was a highly significant association between the health extension workers’ visit to households and health extension service utilization during pregnancy (OR=16.913, 95% CI 8.074-35.427 at p<0.001). HIV testing utilization showed a tenfold increase among households who received education. Participation of households in the Model family initiative was another key factor associated with high levels of HEP services utilization. Though HEP services are available for most households, the frequency of household visits by HEWs and the involvement of Households in model family training greatly influenced service utilization. Improving frequency of services availability at household level and consistent health education will greatly improve services utilization.
18
Assegaai, Tumelo. "Supervision and trust in community health worker programmes at scale: Developing a district level supportive supervision framework for ward-based outreach teams in North West Province, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8262.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDNational community health worker (CHW) programmes are to an increasing extent being implemented in health systems globally, mirrored in South Africa in the ward-based outreach team (WBOT) strategy. In many countries, including South Africa, a major challenge impacting the performance and sustainability of scaled-up CHW programmes is ensuring adequate support from and supervision by the local health system. Supervisory systems, where they exist, are usually corrective and hierarchical in nature, and implementation remains poor. In the South African context, the absence of any guidance on CHW supportive supervision has led to varied practices across the country. Improved approaches to supportive supervision are considered critical for CHW programme performance. However, there is relatively little understanding of how this can be done sustainably at scale, and effective CHW supervisory models remain elusive. Research to date has mostly positioned supervision as a technical process rather than a set of relationships, with the former testing specific interventions rather than developing holistic approaches attuned to local contexts.
19
MacDonald, Tara. "Ignoring a Silent Killer: Obesity & Food Security in the Caribbean (Case Study: Barbados)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23229.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity and obesity-related diseases – such as type 2 diabetes – have become the most crucial indicators of population health in the 21st century. Formerly understood as ‘diseases of affluence’, obesity is now prevalent in the Global South posing serious risk to socioeconomic development. This is particularly true for rapidly developing countries where nutrition transitions are most apparent. There are many factors which impact on risk of obesity (e.g. gender, culture, environment, socioeconomic status, biological determinants). The problem is further aggravated within small island developing states where food security is exacerbated by factors associated with globalization and development. The thesis examines the surge of obesity and type 2 diabetes within Caribbean populations, using Barbados as a case study. A holistic approach was applied using an ecological health model. Moving away from the lifestyle model, the theoretical framework underpinning included sub-theories (e.g. social constructivism, feminism, post-colonial theory, concepts of memory and trauma).
20
Lundgren, Monia. "How Poor is The Poverty Line? : A matter of dietary norms and perceptions." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-13955.
Full textAbstract:
Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG 1) on halving extreme poverty is measured with the international poverty line. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the measurement of MDG 1 by reviewing the robustness of the international poverty line and some of its national sub-reports. There are at least two problems in assessing a reliable poverty line, namely what constitutes extreme poverty and what kind of life situation this refers to. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study shows that the selected national reports lack a reliable reference for human dietary energy requirements pivotal for estimating a fair threshold for food needs. In the case that a reliable source was used, the activity level was prone to a wide range of interpretations and lacked procedural consistency. The FAO (2011) has presented minimum dietary energy requirements that are below the references used in the national reports, which could shift the poverty line. The study also shows that the concept of “extreme poverty” has been used inconsistently. MDG 1 identifies extreme poverty as the inability to meet basic food- and non-food needs. The international poverty line is based on a myriad of national poverty lines ranging from minimum- to generous needs, where extreme poverty is defined as people barely having enough for the food component alone. These two variables create obstacles in setting a reliable international poverty line. A small shift in the international poverty line changes the poverty rates substantially, making it difficult for poverty programs and MDG 1 in truly identifying the people in most need of help.
21
Poku, Nana K., and Jim R. Whitman. "The Millennium Development Goals and Development after 2015." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6137.
Full textAbstract:
Five years from the end of the 15-year span of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) it is already plain that progress has been patchy and that the larger goals will not be met. The scale and profile of the MDGs will make them subject to eventual success or failure judgments and 'lessons learned' analyses, but the evidence of the past decade and current trajectories are sufficient to reveal our conceptual and operational shortcomings and the kinds of reorientation needed to ensure that the last five years of the MDGs will exhibit positive momentum rather than winding-down inertia. Such reorientations would include prioritising actors over systems; disaggregated targets over global benchmarks; qualitative aspects of complex forms of human relatedness over technical 'solutions'; and the painstaking work of developing country enablement over quick outcome indicators, not least for the purpose of sustainability. Thinking and planning beyond 2015 must be made integral to the last five years of the MDGs, for normative as well as practical reasons.
22
Salifu, Uyo. "The United Nations’ triadic role as International Organisation in the achievement of selected child-related Millennium Development Goals : the case of West Africa." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30352.
Full textAbstract:
The contemporary global system is characterised by the presence of a multitude of International Organisations (IOs) whose relevance is sustained by the roles they play. Among these IOs, the United Nations (UN) is of paramount importance as a result of its universal membership and extensive mandate. Its international role is influenced by its evolving structures, practices and goals. Among its most recent objectives are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which address the challenge of holistic human development at the global level. This study aims to assess the UN’s role in pursuing the MDGs as they relate to the development of children in West Africa. The first two of the eight goals have been selected for the purpose of focusing the research, namely the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, and the elimination of illiteracy by achieving universal primary education. Children, who bear the brunt of global underdevelopment and whose development is a key element in breaking cycles of poverty, are the focus of the study. The general and historical role played by the UN in advancing child development is therefore assessed with regards to the issue-fields indicated by the two selected MDGs. Specific application is then done in the case of West Africa, chosen as case study because the region is the poorest in the world and arguably indicative of most urgent MDG focus. Clive Archer’s analytical outline, which depicts IOs variously as instruments, arenas and actors, is used as a conceptual framework. Archer contends that IOs can be utilised as instruments by other global actors, serve as arenas for dialogue and cooperation among such actors and also assume proactive, independent identities as actors in pursuit of specific objectives. The study concludes that Archer’s framework is relevant, but that the existence of all three roles in the same functional space has notable and often contradictory implications. While the UN generally plays its roles as actor and arena in achieving its first two MDGs among West African children with relative ease, its role as instrument is dependent on the agendas and political will of other actors in the global system. Notwithstanding the weakness of its role as instrument, however, the UN’s triad of roles towards the development of children, and specifically children in West Africa, is a key element of the organisation’s global relevance.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
23
Uzoigwe, Dennis Chiekweiro. "Economic development in Nigeria through the agricultural, manufacturing and mining sectors : an econometric approach." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25398.
Full textAbstract:
In the 1960s, Nigeria was on a par, in terms of aspirations to attain a very high level of economic growth and development, with its fellow-oil producing and exporting countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, but has since failed to keep pace with them. Nigeria’s agricultural, manufacturing and mining and quarrying sectors have played a continuous and significant role in the development of the country’s economy. The approval of the millennium development goals (MGDs) by the United Nations General Assembly therefore raises three pivotal questions for Nigeria. 1) Why is Nigeria still an underdeveloped and lowincome country? 2) What should the country do to make rapid economic and social progress? and 3) How can it attain a high level of economic development and growth?. This is the background of this study, which is an empirical investigation into the factors affecting Nigeria’s bid to achieve sustainable economic growth and development with particular reference to such sectors as agriculture, manufacturing and mining and quarrying (solid minerals) over the period of 1970-2005. This involves the analysis of the relevance of the health care and education sectors and examination of impediments to past economic development, a development model applicable to Nigeria, the efforts made and the challenges facing the country in achieving the MDGs, and the role of foreign development partners in complementing Nigeria’s development efforts. The methodology adopted for this study is sectoral-econometric modelling, using the Engle- Yoo (1991) model, which contributes to bridging the gap seen in empirical studies in the application of a multivariate dynamic econometric cointegration model on the effect of domestic and foreign financial resources investment for the development of the growth sectors in the Nigerian economy. The model captures the essential linkages between the growth sectors and the country’s efforts to achieve a high level of economic development. The results from the simulations are broadly consistent with findings described in theoretical and empirical literature. There is a strong positive relationship between the gross output of the agricultural, manufacturing and mining and quarrying sectors and labour input and public capital expenditure for the growth sectors. Also there is a strong positive relationship between the agricultural credit guarantee scheme, fertiliser and the gross output of agriculture. Furthermore, the findings show a positive impact of the structural adjustment programme with the agricultural and manufacturing production. Dynamic simulation of results was undertaken to assess the path of the 10 percent dynamic adjustment (shocks) on the relevant exogenous variables and the response properties show remarkable and positive significant impact due to the shocks. The estimated actual and forecast values of the equations in the model show notable increase in the amount and growth of the gross domestic product of the real sectors in Naira billion from 2005 to 2008. The study calls to question rigid government control over the mining and quarrying sector. The importance of mining and quarrying in accelerating the pace of economic growth in Nigeria should rather motivate the government to deregulate and reform the sector. This will enable the government to attract investors into the sector, while effectively planning to encourage the proliferation of small-scale artisan, medium-scale and large-scale miners. The deregulation of the mining and quarrying sector will boost production, growth and development through employment creation, increased income of household miners and upliftment of the social and economic status of the vast majority of Nigerians. Some of the reasons identified for Nigeria’s poor economic performance include: the serious effect of “Dutch disease”, reflected in the country’s inability to manage and diversify its oil wealth to transform and achieve dynamic industrial (manufacturing), agricultural, mining, health and educational and other growth sectors. Nigeria also suffers the effects of a troubled political history, during which military rule persisted for extended periods. This study shows the importance of improving the knowledge base for policymaking, where intersectoral linkages between economic and social factors can be identified, and direct and indirect macroeconomic policy effects discerned. This distinguishes the study from earlier work in Nigeria on development policy. Achieving a high level of economic development through transforming the country’s real sectors will not only reduce poverty by providing food security, increased agricultural and industrial exports, increased per capita income and consumption, but will also bring about improved literacy and a healthy workforce and foster peace and security in Nigeria. In addition, success in transforming the real sectors will strengthen and broaden the productive base of the country, which currently relies heavily on the petroleum sector as the major earner of foreign exchange. In order to achieve a high level of economic development and growth, attention should be concentrated on channelling global financial resources to the above-mentioned sectors because of their strong linkages with and powerful value-added effect to the rest of the economy. Under the new democratic dispensation, there ought to be large investment into the growth and support sectors from domestic and external sources if the country is to attain the international growth target of achieving a high and sustainable level of economic development. Therefore, with a strong will to become a patriotic civil society, stable and prosperous, and enough wisdom to elect leaders with good will and fairly good knowledge of the country’s economy, great prospects lie before the Nigerian economy.Thesis (PhD (Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Economics
unrestricted
24
Chacon, Raul. "International discourses in shaping national education policies: The case of the UNESCO’s Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in Education and the Education for All (EFA) agenda." Thesis, 2011. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/35743/1/Chacon_MA_F2011.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Nation-state governments implement educational policies for improving their national systems and, ultimately, students’ learning outcomes. Underlying educational policy-making is a top-down approach that privileges the interests of powerful actors and institutions to the detriment of local communities. Such a top-down approach reproduces international organizations’ (IOs) agenda on educational development issues (e.g., quality, literacy and assessments).
This thesis investigated the education-related discourses advanced by UNESCO, a key player in the global arena, by looking at two of its main educational agendas: Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals’ reports. These were analyzed through the lens of a discourse analysis approach that included functional and critical perspectives on education. Theoretically, this study was informed by current discussions on the role of IOs in shaping nation-states’ educational systems within a globalized context that reproduces social injustices.
The analysis showed that the EFA and MDG’s reinforce the understanding of education as instrumental to the postulates of the global knowledge economy. Education, thus, becomes a sub-sector of the economy. Educational networks, including policymakers, researchers and scholars, are crucial to produce and reproduce this scenario. Furthermore, UNESCO draws upon and furthers discourses that oppose the developing to the developed world, and in so doing reinforces the differences and relationships of power among the countries. Nevertheless, UNESCO agenda opens possibilities for transforming education. It highlights and promotes local agency and participation of community actors in discussions on educational quality improvement and the necessity for reducing inequalities between students from different socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds.
25
Akanmori, Harriet. "A Critical Analysis of the Activities of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to Promote Equity and Access in the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for Education in Ghana: 2005-2010." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30068.
Full textAbstract:
Canada supports developmental efforts in Ghana through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). This dissertation investigates how Canada partners with Ghana to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education by 2015. The study focuses on achieving equity and access to education in Ghana, and examines how far Ghana’s policy and Canada’s aims and objectives (through CIDA) for adressing these developmental issues converge or diverge.
The principal methodology for accomplishing this study includes literature review and a content analysis of CIDA programmes and documents related to education in Ghana. The study concludes that CIDA programmes and operations in education in Ghana have a clear focus on issues relating to equity and access to education, and complement governmental efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for Education in Ghana. The thesis ends with recommendation for further study on using spirituality and indigenous knowledges to enhance and provide holistic education in Ghana.
26
Hwang, Jinsol. "Reformation of the CDM (clean development mechanism) for sustainable development in least developed countries : focusing on a case study of the Grameen Shakti program in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1917.
Full textAbstract:
The threat of global warming is bringing a new pro-environmental paradigm all over the world under the Kyoto Protocol. Addressing climate change is beneficial to all countries because environment is global public good. However, because global warming is also closely related to each country’s specific condition such as industrial development and political situation, prudent approaches considering different situations of each country are required in order prevent unintended negative consequences.
This study focuses on the weakness of the current CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) in terms of impeding sustainable development in LDCs (Least Development Countries). As a case study, the Grameen Shakti Program in Bangladesh demonstrates the potential scenario of sustainable development in LDCs through CDM markets and a new financial model of CERs (Certified Emissions Reductions) is suggested to support and replicate the Grameen Shakti Program other LDCs.text
27
Cele, Timothy Bheka. "Perceptions of rural water service delivery : the case of Ugu District Municipality / Timothy Bheka Cele." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10594.
Full textAbstract:
The start of the 21th century is notable for the apparent lack of safe drinking water and
sanitation. Over one billion people in all parts of the world lack access to clean water. Most live
in developing countries, such as Africa. Unsafe water and poor sanitation have been primary
causal factors in the vast majority of water-borne diseases, especially diarrheal ones.
The South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996, Chapter 2, Section 24) states: “Everyone has
the right:
(a) To an environment that is not harmful to their health and their wellbeing; and
(b) To have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through
reasonable legislative and other measures that prevent pollution and ecological degradation;
promote conservation; ecologically sustainable development, and the use of natural
resources, while promoting justifiable economic and social development.”
Secondly, section 27 states that:
“Everyone has the right to have access to:
(a) Health-care services, including reproductive health care;
(b) Sufficient food and water; and
(c) Social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants,
appropriate social assistance.”
These factors have prompted this research within the Ugu District Municipality on the
perceptions of inadequate rural water service delivery. This study reveals information on those
areas in the Ugu District Municipality, which do not have access to clean water, and on the
health hazards that might lead to death if residents’ lack of access to clean water persists.
The Ugu District Municipality, is situated in KwaZulu-Natal Province, and covers a surface area
of 5866 km2. There are six local municipalities in this district. These are: Ezinqoleni, Umzumbe,
Umziwabantu, Hibiscus Coast, Umdoni and Vulamehlo. The node is 77% rural and 23% urban,
and the total population for this area is 704027 (Ugu District Municipality IDP 2nd
2011/2012:19).M. Development and Management (Water Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
28
Folha, Verônica Couto dos Santos. "Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio: sucessos e fracassos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6966.
Full textAbstract:
A Declaração do Milénio foi um marco no início dos anos 2000, a qual sintetizou as
principais propostas das cimeiras das Nações Unidas dos anos de 1990. A Declaração
elencou os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio, os quais são metas de melhoria
nos diversos domínios do desenvolvimento humano, para todos os países que conceberam
a Declaração do Milénio.
Todavia, tendo em conta a existência de uma grande diversidade dos Estados que aderiam
a Declaração do Milénio, se levanta uma questão sobre a suposta universalidade dos
direitos humanos dos ODM, os quais poderiam gerar uma incompreensão e inadequação
à peculiaridades destes grupos.
O presente estudo pretende caracterizar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio,
concebidos pelas Nações Unidas em 2000, a fim de examinar se suas propostas e metas
são eficazes quando aplicados a regiões e grupos distintos, podendo ser realizáveis sem
detrimento de suas peculiaridades. Afinal, cada cultura detém suas especificidades, e
respeita-las é igualmente um direito humano.The Millennium Declaration was a milestone in the early 2000s, which summed up the main proposals of the United Nations summits of the 1990s. The Declaration listed the Millennium Development Goals, which are targets for improvement in the various fields of human development for all the countries that participate in the Millennium Declaration. However, in view of the wide diversity of States adhering to the Millennium Declaration, a question arises about the supposed universality of the human rights of the MDGs, which could lead to incomprehension and inadequacy of the peculiarities of these groups. The present study aims to characterize the Millennium Development Goals, designed by the United Nations in 2000, to examine whether its proposals and targets are effective when applied to distinct regions and groups and can be accomplished without detriment to their peculiarities. After all, each culture has its specificities, and respecting them is also a human right.
29
Schäfer, Dominik. "Development aid - a perspective on the World Bank performance: Calculating the social return on investment for the least developed countries." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7369.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral thesis focuses on the evaluation of the World Bank (WB) performance in delivering development aid to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). For this purpose, an extensive research was performed to analyze a set of 790 Implementation Completion and Results reports for key economic and financial indicators. Results of this research provide various insights for the appraisal and the results stage of project delivery of the LDCs in different continents. In the final part of the economic and financial analysis the minimum Social Return on Investment (SROI) of the LDCs including all project costs was calculated. This SROI ratio outcome of 1 and 1.06 in the weighted and 1.3 and 1.72 in the unweighted case indicate that projects delivered by the WB have a positive effect on the poor countries. In the second part of this research project the data set of the ICR reports was qualitatively researched for negative ratings according to 3 core assessment categories for the overall project performance: Sustainability, bank performance and borrower performance. As a result the most critical categories respectively risks were outlined. In conclusion, the research analyses and findings support the general demand to provide even more development assistance to poor countries.:Table of Tables and Figures
List of Equations
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the Topic
1.2 Assessing Poverty Problems and Achieving Economic Growth
1.3 Millennium Development Goals
1.4 Development Aid
2 Research Approach
2.1 Objective
2.2 Structure
2.3 Least Developed Countries
2.4 World Bank
2.5 Data Access and Relevance
2.5.1 Data Basis
2.5.2 Implementation Completion and Results Reports
2.5.3 Project Types
2.6 Term “Performance”
2.7 Study and Research Questions
2.8 Challenges of this Doctoral Thesis
2.9 Contribution of this Thesis
3 Economic and Financial Analysis
3.1 SROI Concept
3.1.1 SROI Definition
3.1.2 SROI Process and Impact Map
3.1.3 Cost-Benefit-Analysis
3.1.4 SROI Calculation
3.2 SROI of World Bank Projects
3.2.1 Purpose of the Cost-Benefit-Analysis
3.2.2 Indicators of the SROI Calculation
3.2.2.1 Net Present Value
3.2.2.2 Capital and Recurring Costs
3.2.2.3 Project Dates and Duration
3.2.2.4 NPV-horizon
3.2.2.5 Discount Rate
3.2.3 Types of NPV-Cost-Ratios
3.2.3.1 Pro-Rata-Capital-Costs Ratio
3.2.3.2 Total-Capital-Costs Ratio
3.2.3.3 Pro-Rata-Capital plus Recurring-Costs Ratio
3.2.3.4 Total-Capital plus Recurring-Costs Ratio
3.2.4 Calculation of the proper SROI Ratio
3.2.5 Portfolio Analysis
3.2.6 Sensitivity Analysis
3.3 Additional Economic and Financial Indicators
3.3.1 Economic Rate of Return
3.3.2 Benefit-Cost-Ratio
3.3.3 Net Benefit
3.3.4 Financial Net Present Value
3.3.5 Financial Rate of Return
4 Results of the Economic and Financial Analysis
4.1 Analysis Approach and Setup
4.2 NPV Outcomes at the Appraisal Stage
4.2.1 Appraisal NPVs of the LDCs
4.2.2 Appraisal NPV Continent Comparison
4.3 NPV Outcomes of the Result Stage
4.3.1 Result NPVs of the LDCs
4.3.2 Result NPV Continent Comparison
4.4 Appraisal vs. Result NPVs
4.4.1 Results of the LDCs
4.4.2 Continent Comparison
4.5 Economic Rate of Return Result Values
4.5.1 Results of the LDCs
4.5.2 Continent Comparison
4.6 Additional Economic and Financial Indicator Result Values
4.6.1 Benefit-Cost-Ratio and Net Benefit
4.6.2 Financial Net Present Value and Financial Rate of Return
4.7 Overall Project Performance
4.7.1 Definition
4.7.2 Overall Project Performance Ratings
4.7.3 Outcome Calculation for Non-Financial Indicator Projects
4.7.4 Verification of Outcomes and Conclusion
4.8 NPV-Cost-Ratios and SROI Calculation
4.8.1 NPV-Cost-Ratios of the ICR Reports
4.8.1.1 Overall Results
4.8.1.2 Continent Comparison
4.8.2 Standardized NPV-Cost-Ratios
4.8.2.1 Overall Results
4.8.2.2 Continent Comparison
4.8.3 Calculating the Minimum SROI Ratio
4.8.3.1 Overall Results of the Capital SROI Ratio
4.8.3.2 Continental Comparison of the Capital SROI Ratio
4.8.3.3 Overall Results of the Minimum SROI Ratio
4.8.3.4 Continental Comparison of the Minimum SROI Ratio
4.8.4 Making Meaning of the Results
4.9 Summary and Conclusion
5 Qualitative Data Analysis
5.1 Content Analysis
5.2 Sustainability
5.2.1 Sustainability Rating Definition
5.2.2 Sustainability Rating Categories
5.3 Bank Performance
5.3.1 Bank Performance Definition
5.3.2 Bank Performance Categories
5.4 Borrower Performance
5.4.1 Borrower Performance Definition
5.4.2 Borrower Performance Categories
6 Results of the Qualitative Data Analysis
6.1 Sustainability
6.1.1 Quantitative Assessment of Sustainability Ratings
6.1.2 Outcome of the Content Analysis
6.1.2.1 Types of Reasons
6.1.2.2 Overall Results
6.1.2.3 Results in Haiti
6.1.2.4 Continent Comparison
6.1.3 Excursus: Positive NPV Projects
6.1.4 Summary and Conclusion
6.2 Bank Performance
6.2.1 Quantitative Assessment of Bank Performance Ratings
6.2.2 Outcome of the Content Analysis
6.2.2.1 Types of Reasons
6.2.2.2 Overall Results
6.2.2.3 Results in Haiti
6.2.2.4 Continent Comparison
6.2.3 Summary and Conclusion
6.3 Borrower Performance
6.3.1 Quantitative Assessment of Borrower Performance Ratings
6.3.2 Outcome of the Content Analysis
6.3.2.1 Types of Reasons
6.3.2.2 Overall Results
6.3.2.3 Results in Haiti
6.3.2.4 Continent Comparison
6.3.3 Summary and Conclusion
7 Overall Summary and Conclusion
8 Critical Acclaim and Recommendations
9 Outlook and Future Research
List of Appendices
Appendix
References
30
Camacho, Beatriz Isabel Jardim. "Dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio aos Objetivos Desenvolvimento Sustentável: trajetórias, perceções e desafios nas ONGD portuguesas." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15359.
Full textAbstract:
O fim da era dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio (ODM) iniciou uma nova fase para o
desenvolvimento global com a agenda pós-2015 que tem no seu núcleo os Objetivos de
Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) que deverão ser cumpridos até 2030. Esta é uma agenda
que pretende “não deixar ninguém para trás”, que se destina a todos os países, diferindo da
agenda prévia por incluir grandes desafios para os países desenvolvidos. Estes países são agora
chamados a fazer parte não apenas como doadores, mas como participantes ativos com metas
muito específicas a cumprir.
Esta dissertação pretende aprofundar a temática da transição dos ODM para os ODS nas
Organizações Não Governamentais para o Desenvolvimento (ONGD) portuguesas.
Neste trabalho consta uma descrição sobre a perceção das ONGD portuguesas em relação ao
modo como experienciaram a década da agenda de desenvolvimento marcada pelos ODM, e o
seu posicionamento em relação aos ODS.
A partir da análise documental e das entrevistas realizadas a atores-chave de ONGD incluídas
nesta investigação, verificou-se que existe uma atitude de reflexão e crítica em relação aos
objetivos de desenvolvimento, sobretudo os ODS. Adicionalmente foram identificados desafios
que se colocam às ONGD e a outras organizações da sociedade civil a serem superados por
forma a que Portugal possa cumprir com as metas estabelecidas até 2030.The end of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Era launched a new phase for global development with a new pos-2015 agenda which had in its core the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is an agenda that pretends “to leave no one behind” and, as such, is meant for every country, differing from the previous agenda by inclunding significant challenges for developed countries. These countries are now called upon to participate not just as donors, but as active participants with specific goals to accomplish. This dissertation intends to develop the topic of the transition from the MDGs to the SDGs in the Portuguese Non-Governmental Organizations for Development. This work consists in a description about the perception that the Portuguese NGOs have regarding the way they have experienced the decade of the development agenda set by the MDGs, and their position regarding the SDGs. From the documental analysis and the interviews of key-actors in NGOs that were included in this investigation, it was possible to establish the existence of a reflection and critical attitude towards the development goals, especially the SDGs. Additionally, this dissertation points to some challenges to be met by NGOs and other organisations of civil society so that Portugal may accomplish the establish goals until 2030.
31
Gudeta, Selamawit Tadesse. "Political unification before economic integration : a critical analysis of Kwame Nkrumah's arguments on the United States of Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24525.
Full textAbstract:
Kwame Nkrumah was the first African leader to pursue the idea of Africa’s continent-wide
unity with fervour. Many thought that African unity will only be the pooling of poverty and
that Nkrumah’s dream was impossible. Nkrumah was known for his philosophy "Seek ye
first the political kingdom and all things shall be added unto it". He thought that political
unity should precede economic unity, which would naturally follow. Even though the newly
independent African states agreed on the necessity of unity, his philosophy was not
welcomed when the Organisation of African Unity was established in Addis Ababa
(Ethiopia) in 1963. Rather, delegates opted for incremental political integration leading to
economic integration –an aspiration that Africa is still struggling to bring to fruition. This
study demonstrates that Nkrumah’s idea of political unity before economic integration was
and still is valid for Africa’s continent-wide unity. To this end, the study will use textual
sources and use diachronic and integrative approaches as analytical tools.Political Sciences
M.A. (International Politics)
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Dekete, Winnie. "An investigation into the extent to which the Zimbabwean Government and civil society have implemented Millennium Development Goal Number 3 (gender equality and empowerment to women) : the case of Ward 33 of Mt Darwin District in Zimbabwe." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13632.
Full textAbstract:
Girls in rural areas face a number of challenges in their pursuit of basic education,
empowerment and gender equality. This thesis explores the extent to which gender
equality and empowerment of women have been achieved in education in ward 33 of
Mt Darwin. At the centre is what Zimbabwean government and civil society
organisations such as Campaign for female education (Camfed) have done to
implement strategies addressing challenges affecting implementation and
achievement of MDG 3. A multi-method research strategy, including focus group
discussions, questionnaires administration and interviews, was used in the data
collection process. The findings of the study show reciprocal linkage between
education, empowerment and gender equality. Ward 33 requires integration in
approach from assisting agencies and the general populace if Millennium
Development Goal 3 is to be achieved. Results showed the multiple barriers girls
face in the process of accessing education within the homes, along the way to
school and within the school system itself. Camfed and government’s interventions
have been pointed out to contributing to the achievement of MDG 3 in the ward.
Women’s quest for equality is evident. Specific actions recommended after this
research include the need for MOESAC to strategically post qualified teachers in
rural areas, sensitization and empowerment programmes targeting men, civil society
organisations and government ministries working with women to intensify advocacy,
capacity building and leadership trainings for women.
Overall recommendation is that there is need to implement MDG 3 beyond 2015 if
rural women are to be integrated into the MDG 3 empowerment and gender equality
agenda.Development Studies
M. Admin. (Development Studies)