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Academic literature on the topic 'Millets – Yields – Uganda'
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Journal articles on the topic "Millets – Yields – Uganda"
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Ekwangu, Joseph, John Steven Tenywa, Jenifer Bisikwa, Charles Andiku, Paul Anguria, Monday Moses Paga, Deborah Lillian Nabirye, Michael Adrogu Ugen, and Nelson Wanyera. "Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer Micro-dosing and Weed Management Regimes on Finger Millet Productivity in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 12 (November 15, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n12p134.
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Finger millet yields in farmers’ fields are low primarily due to low soil fertility and poor weed management. Fertilizer application could be one of the key strategies used to address the problem. However, due to high cost of fertilizer, its utilization has been limited to very few farmers in the country. Consequently, a study was conducted in Kuju sub-county, Amuria district in Eastern Uganda during 2016 long and short rains to determine the effect of micro dosing and weeding time on finger millet performance and weed growth. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a split plot treatment structure. Weeding times constituted the main plot [weeding at 20 DAS (days after sowing), 30 DAS, 45 DAS, and 20 & 45 DAS (double weeding)], while fertilizer rates (N 16.6 kg ha-1 + P2O5 10.6 kg ha-1; P2O5 10.6 kg ha-1; N 16.6 kg ha-1; N0 + P0, and N 83 kg ha-1 + P2O5 52 kg ha-1) constituted the sub plots. Results of this study revealed that the interaction between weeding at 45 DAS and fertilizer micro-dosing significantly (P < 0.05) reduced weed biomass (7.7 × 10-4 kg ha-1) without significant increase in finger-millet grain yield. Interaction of fertilizer micro-dosing (N 16.6 kg ha-1 + P2O5 10.6 kg ha-1) with weeding once at 20 DAS recorded the highest (2292 kg ha-1) finger millet grain yield with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in days to finger millet flowering. Therefore, it is recommended that fertilizer micro-dosing at N 16.6 kg ha-1 + P2O5 10.6 kg ha-1 and weeding once at 20 DAS can be used to control weeds and enhance finger-millet productivity.
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Ekwangu, J., P. Anguria, C. Andiku, J. S. Tenywa, J. Bisikwa, N. Wanyera, and M. A. Ugen. "Fertilizer Micro-dosing and Timing of Weeding for Enhancing Finger-Millet Production in Eastern Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 11 (October 15, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n11p290.
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Finger-millet response to micro-dosing with N and P fertilizer in the Semi-Arid areas of eastern Uganda is not fully known. Consequently, we conducted a field study at Kuju in eastern Uganda in 2016 long and short rains. The study determined the effect of fertilizer micro-dosing and weeding time on finger-millet performance. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plot treatment structure. Weeding time constituted the main plot (weeding at 20, 30, 45 DAS (days after sowing) and 20 + 45 DAS while fertilizer rates (16.6 kg N ha-1 + 10.6 kg P2O5 ha-1; 10.6 kg P2O5 ha-1; 16.6 kg N ha-1; 0 N + 0 N and 83 kg N ha-1 + 52 kg P2O5 ha-1) constituted the sub-plots. Results of this study revealed that finger-millet grain yield was highest (2182 kg ha-1) at fertilizer micro-dosing (16.6 kg N ha-1 + 10.6 kg P2O5 ha-1) and lowest (950 kg ha-1) in plots with no fertilizer. Fertilizer micro-dose application (16.6 kg N ha-1 + 10.6 kg P2O5 ha-1) caused early flowering of finger-millet (52.2 days), whereas delayed flowering was recorded, where 16.6 kg N ha-1 (55.12 days) was applied. The interaction between time of weeding and fertilizer rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased finger millet growth and grain yield. The interaction of N and P fertilizer micro-dose with weeding once at 20 DAS had the highest finger-millet grain yield. Therefore, it is recommended that fertilizer micro-dosing can be used to enhance finger-millet productivity.
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Ishaq, Jamal, and Silvestro Meseka. "Performance of Different Pearl Millet Genotypes under Irrigated Conditions." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 3 (September 13, 2014): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11075.
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Thirty four genotypes of pearl millet( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) were evaluated at Sudan. Including two released varieties, Ugandi and Ashana at Gezira Research Farm (GRF) and Rahad Research Farm(RRS) in the autumn of 2009. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield and some yield components including number of productive tillers and panicle length, varied significantly among the thirty four genotypes. Mean of grain yield for all genotypes across sites was 1.3 t/ ha-1. Sadag Togo had the highest grain yield (1.7 ha-1) followed by Okashana-3 (1.6 t/ha-1), while IP 19745 had lowest grain yield (0.8 t/ha-1) across tow site.Okashana-3 out yielded the best than check (Ashana). The combined Result for Genotypic coefficient of variability and broad sense heritability estimates grain yield and head weight varied significantly among the thirty four genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i3.11075 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(3) 2014: 154-163
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Lubadde, G., P. Tongoona, J. Derera, and J. Sibiya. "Production Determinants of the Pearl Millet Cropping System in Uganda and Implications to Productivity." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p97.
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<p>Pearl millet is an important crop for people living in semi-arid areas in Uganda but not much is known about its production environment. A survey was conducted in eastern and northern regions of Uganda to characterise the pearl millet cropping system and to identify the most important production determinants. Using questionnaires, data was collected from 160 households through face-to-face interviews with the respondents. Results showed that pearl millet was mainly grown for food and source of income. The production environment was low input as farmers planted unimproved genotypes, used no artificial chemicals or manure, and had minimal access to financial credit and agricultural trainings or extension services. Planting was done in the second rains with no optimal use of important resources like family labour and seed due to seed broadcasting. Farmers desired genotypes with traits such as; stay green, being tall, high tillering, high yield, early maturity and being ergot resistant. The most important constraints were ergot and rust diseases susceptibility, low yield, low tillering, late maturity, sterile panicles, rodents, moulds/rotting and insect pests; while lack of market, low prices and price fluctuation were the important market constraints. Results further showed that farmers lacked knowledge about the common diseases like rust and ergot. The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were the important factors enhancing production while age of household head, amount of seed planted and distance to the market negatively affected grain yield.</p>
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Anguria, Paul, George N. Chemining’wa, Richard N. Onwonga, and Michael A. Ugen. "Assessing the Response of Sesame to Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p108.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) is one of the main sources of livelihoods in northern Uganda. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture levels. A study was conducted at Serere, Uganda in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, seed yield and nutritional quality of sesame. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control (no soil amendment), mixtures of 4 crop residues each at (3 and 6 t/ha) and two rates of N, P and K. Finger millet husks (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate (30 kg N-25 kg P-40 Kg K/ha) had significantly higher seed yield of sesame; while finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate (60 kg N-50 kg P-80 Kg K/ha) significantly increased vegetative growth of sesame. Finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate had significantly higher seed crude protein content of sesame; while cowpea husks (3 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate and groundnut shells (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate produced significantly higher seed total ash and seed oil content of sesame, respectively. This study has demonstrated that application of a mixture of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment in enhancing growth, seed yield and nutritional seed quality of sesame.
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Lubadde, G., P. Tongoona, J. Derera, and J. Sibiya. "Major pearl millet diseases and their effects on-farm grain yield in Uganda." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 39 (September 23, 2014): 2911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7208.
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Aru, John Charles, Nelson Wanyera, Patrick Okori, and Paul Gibson. "Identification of Blast Resistant Genotypes among Drought Tolerant Finger Millet in Uganda." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.2.1.235.
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Finger millet is an important food security crop among many subsistence farmers living in marginal and especially semi-arid regions of Eastern Africa. However, crop production is affected mainly by terminal drought and blast disease caused by fungus Pyricularia grisea. Both collectively lead to over 90% grain yield loss depending on environmental conditions, cropping systems and varietal differences. Therefore, resistance breakdown remains high owing to variability in the blast pathogen and weather conditions. Stable varieties should possess both blast resistance and drought. In order to initiate breeding for multiple resistance to blast on drought-tolerant background, a study was conducted to identify variability for blast resistance from adapted germplasm as an initial step in developing a breeding strategy for incorporating resistance. Thirty genotypes from drought-prone agro-ecologies and including mini core germplasm from NARO-NaSARRI national Finger Millet improvement programme were assessed. They were screened using a local virulent pathogen isolate (NGR1) from Ngora, representing Teso major farming system and is a hot spot for the blast. The screening was under controlled conditions from in Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute (MUARIK) in 2012b. The results showed significance (p<0.01) for Area Under Disease Progressive Curve (AUDPC). Subsequently, the study identified IE927, Seremi1, Seremi3, Sec220 and Kabale as highly resistant to foliar blast infection comparable to Gulu-E a standard broad-spectrum resistant check and they could be used to improve finger millet for blast resistance. Meanwhile DR33, IE9 and IE2576 as most susceptible compared to non-race -specific susceptible check E11 from Uganda.
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Lubadde, G., P. Tongoona, J. Derera, and J. Sibiya. "Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and Rust Resistance in Pearl Millet." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p80.
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<p> </p><p>Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.</p>
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Owere, Lawrence, Pangirayi Tongoona, John Derera, and Nelson Wanyera. "Combining Ability Analysis of Blast Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn]." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 11 (October 11, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n11p138.
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<p>Blast disease is the most important biotic constraint to finger millet production. Therefore disease resistant varieties are required. However, there is limited information on combining ability for resistance and indeed other agronomic traits of the germplasm in Uganda. This study was carried out to estimate the combining ability and gene effects controlling blast disease resistance and selected agronomic traits in finger millet. Thirty six crosses were generated from a 9 × 9 half diallel mating design. The seed from the 36 F<sub>1</sub> crosses were advanced by selfing and the F<sub>2</sub> families and their parents were evaluated in three replications. General combining ability (GCA) for head blast resistance and the other agronomic traits were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.01), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all traits except grain yield and grain mass head<sup>-1</sup>. On partitioning the mean sum of squares, the GCA values ranged from 31.65% to 53.05% for head blast incidence and severity respectively, and 36.18% to 77.22% for the other agronomic traits measured. Additive gene effects were found to be predominant for head blast severity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, number of productive tillers plant<sup>-1</sup>, grain mass head<sup>-1</sup>, plant height and panicle length. Non-additive gene action was predominant for number of fingers head<sup>-1</sup>, finger width and panicle width. The parents which contributed towards high yield were <em>Seremi 2</em>, <em>Achaki</em>, <em>Otunduru</em>, <em>Bulo</em> and <em>Amumwari</em>. Generally, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection whereas non-additive gene action could slow selection progress and indicated selection in the later generations.</p>
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Rukazambuga, N. D. T. M., C. S. Gold, S. R. Gowen, and P. Ragama. "The influence of crop management on banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations and yield of highland cooking banana (cv. Atwalira) in Uganda." Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, no. 5 (October 2002): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002182.
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AbstractA field study was undertaken in Uganda using highland cooking banana (cv. Atwalira) to test the hypothesis that bananas grown under stressed conditions are more susceptible to attack by Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar). Four banana treatments were employed to create different levels of host-plant vitality: (1) high stress: intercrop with finger millet; (2) moderate stress: monoculture without soil amendments; (3) low stress: monoculture with manure; (4) high vigour: monoculture with continuous mulch and manure. Adult C. sordidus were released at the base of banana mats 11 months after planting and populations were monitored for three years using mark and recapture methods. Cosmopolites sordidus density was greatest in the mulched plots which may have reflected increased longevity and/or longer tenure time in moist soils. Lowest C. sordidus numbers were found in intercropped banana. Damage, estimated as percentage corm tissue consumed by larvae, was similar among treatments. However, the total amount of tissue consumed was greater in mulched banana than in other systems. Plants supporting the heaviest levels of C. sordidus damage displayed bunch size reductions of 40–55%. Banana yield losses ranged from 14–20% per plot with similar levels in the intercropped and mulched systems. Yield reductions, reported as t ha-1, were twice as high in the mulched system as in the intercrop. The results from this study indicate that C. sordidus problems are not confined to stressed banana systems or those with low levels of management, but that the weevil can also attain pest status in well-managed and productive banana stands.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Millets – Yields – Uganda"
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Owere, Lawrence. "Genetic studies on head architecture, adaptation and blast resistance of finger millet in Uganda." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10917.
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Finger millet is the second most important cereal in Uganda after maize. The yields however, have remained low due to several constraints, such as finger millet blast disease and limited technology options. Therefore breeding investigations were conducted to determine farmer preferred traits, genetic variation, combining ability and genetic effects for head blast disease and head shapes, and other quantitative traits in finger millet.
Among other traits, farmers preferred high grain yield potential, brown seed colour, compact head shape, tolerance to blast disease, high tillering ability, medium plant height, early maturity, tolerance to shattering and ease of threshing in new finger millet varieties. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the most important traits were grain mass head-1, tillering ability and reaction to head blast disease. Overall, the high heritabilities and genetic advance (GA) as a percentage of mean revealed the existence of variability which can be utilised through selection and/or hybridisation.
The genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and stability analysis showed significant differences due to genotypes (58%), environments (10%) and GEI (32%). Twelve genotypes that combined high yield potential and stability were identified for advancement in the program. Both general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for most traits, but GCA effects were more important for all the traits except for number of fingers head-1, finger width and panicle width. The Hayman genetic analysis confirmed importance of additive gene action for most of the traits and that additive-dominance model was adequate for explaining genetic variation in finger millet. The results also indicated that yield was controlled by recessive genes whereas blast resistance was controlled by dominant genes.
At least two genes, probably three gene pairs and their interactions seemed to control head shape in finger millet. The interactions observed suggest recessive and dominant epistasis, and probably an inhibitor were involved. Seemingly, the gene for curving of fingers, when present in a dominant form prohibits opening of the heads; whereas the recessive form leads to open head shape irrespective of the gene conditions in the other loci. This study forms the baseline for future investigations and the basis for devising breeding strategy on finger millet head shapes.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.