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1
Astuti, Dwi Wiji. "The Content Analysis Of English Workbook Used In SMKN 1 Gombong." JELE (Journal of English Language and Education) 3, no. 1 (2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26486/jele.v3i1.263.
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The research belongs to content analysis which focused on analyzing English workbook content used for grade ten in SMKN 1 Gombong. In analyzing the workbook, the researcher considered the five aspects of standardized book suggested by Hutchinson and Waters (2003): audience, aims, content, methodology, and other criteria. The objective of this research was to find out the quality level of English workbook content based on the criteria of standardized book proposed by Hutchinson and Waters (2003). The instruments used in this research were interview, observation, and documentation. The researcher applied both qualitative and simple quantitative method for this research. Qualitative was used for analyzing and delivering the result into depth description; meanwhile, simple quantitative was for computation result of analysis in a form of number. Based on the result of the research, the workbook was in the fair level, also the researcher viewed that the workbook included into a less standardized book. It was proven by the total scoring of analysis that the workbook reached the number of 35. After doing analysis, the workbook used for grade ten in SMKN 1 Gombong contains of General English.
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Nayoski, Nicole, and David C. Hodgins. "The Efficacy of Individual Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for Concerned Significant Others of Problem Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.11.
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Treatment options for concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers are limited, and available treatments focus exclusively on the distress of CSOs. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a comprehensive treatment program for CSOs of substance abusers that has been shown to reduce CSO distress in addition to the substance abuser's alcohol or drug behaviour. CRAFT capitalizes on the well-documented fact that family members have considerable influence on the substance abuser's decision to enter treatment. The present study modified the CRAFT approach into an individual treatment format for CSOs of problem gamblers and examined its efficacy in comparison to a CRAFT self-help workbook in a randomized clinical trial. A total of 31 participants were recruited. No statistical differences were found between the groups; however, effect sizes indicated that participants who received the CRAFT individual intervention seemed to have better outcomes than did those who received the CRAFT workbook (decreased days and dollars gambled by the gambler and improved CSO functioning). No differences between groups were found for gambler treatment entry rates over the follow-up period in terms of effect sizes. The results provide initial, but limited, support for the CRAFT approach delivered to CSOs of treatment-resistant problem gamblers in an individual treatment format compared with the self-help workbook format. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to gauge the efficacy of the CRAFT individual intervention compared with the CRAFT self-help workbook.
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Mohd Zawawi, Nurul Shakirah, and Puziahhaiza Pazui. "LET’S PLAY SAD: STUDENT’S PERCEPTION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT." International Journal of Modern Education 3, no. 10 (2021): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmoe.310005.
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This study was conducted quasi-experimentally to explore student’s perception and academic achievement on the workbook Let’s Play SAD using the game based learning method. A total of 56 students were sampled for the experimental group and another 58 students were sampled for the control group. Through teaching and learning System Analysis and Design (DFC3043) sessions, students in the experimental group were given the Let’s Play SAD workbook while the control group is otherwise. Data were obtained from the questionnaire form and achievement grade of the course’s marks at the end of the semester. The findings of the study showed that the performance of the students of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. In addition, the experimental group showed a high-level interpretation of mean scores in the questionnaire. Implications of the findings of this study suggest that a game-based approach as exercise should be used as one of the teaching and learning approaches to improve student achievement.
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Wang, Hai-Ying, Carol Grech, David Evans, and Rasika Jayasekara. "Education programs for people living with chronic pain: a scoping review." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 4 (2021): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0040.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to provide evidence for health practitioners to improve patient education practice for chronic pain management.MethodsA scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005)1 five-stage framework, investigated contemporary patient education programs (2007–2018) for chronic pain management in education content, formats of delivery, and tools used for evaluation. Content analysis and description were used for the outcome report.ResultsSeven quantitative studies were included. Education content consisted of General information, Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Self-management, and Pain neurophysiology (PN). Education delivery formats varied from workbook to workbook, face-to-face, online, when given for a group or individual or in a combined way. In total, 19 tools were reported for the evaluation of the education programs.ConclusionsThere is a variety in the education content and the delivery formats. The majority of programs showed effectiveness in patients’ chronic pain management based on their selected evaluation tools. This review showed that patient education programs can be useful in chronic pain management. The effectiveness of patient education programs focuses on the improved patients’ physical function and quality of life rather than the cessation of pain only.
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Wang, Hai-Ying, Carol Grech, David Evans, and Rasika Jayasekara. "Education programs for people living with chronic pain: a scoping review." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 4 (2020): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0040.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this scoping review was to provide evidence for health practitioners to improve patient education practice for chronic pain management. Methods A scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005)1 five-stage framework, investigated contemporary patient education programs (2007–2018) for chronic pain management in education content, formats of delivery, and tools used for evaluation. Content analysis and description were used for the outcome report. Results Seven quantitative studies were included. Education content consisted of General information, Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Self-management, and Pain neurophysiology (PN). Education delivery formats varied from workbook to workbook, face-to-face, online, when given for a group or individual or in a combined way. In total, 19 tools were reported for the evaluation of the education programs. Conclusions There is a variety in the education content and the delivery formats. The majority of programs showed effectiveness in patients’ chronic pain management based on their selected evaluation tools. This review showed that patient education programs can be useful in chronic pain management. The effectiveness of patient education programs focuses on the improved patients’ physical function and quality of life rather than the cessation of pain only.
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Kinsella, Anna. "4 Development of a workbook to guide pre-registration pharmacists through paediatric pharmacy training." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 2 (2018): e2.34-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314585.4.
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AimTo improve pre-registration pharmacist training and enthuse students in the area of paediatrics, within a teaching hospital.BackgroundThe pre-registration pharmacist training programme within the hospital allocates each student two weeks within paediatrics, which in the past has been poorly structured. During this time, the pre-registration pharmacist spent time shadowing pharmacists and accompanying them on ward visits. On occasions it was not always possible for the pre-registration pharmacist to accompany a pharmacist. In addition, some key paediatric medical conditions did not always present during their two weeks.MethodTo facilitate a more comprehensive training package a workbook, specific to paediatric clinical pharmacy was created. The booklet also contains brief introductory information about the wards and paediatric pharmacists, aims and objectives, and a reading list. The workbook is intended to be used as a ‘self-directed learning tool’, identifying clinical areas that the pre-registration student is expected to have a basic knowledge about, to help them prepare them for their exam and to give a good basic grounding in paediatrics. Different learning methods are used throughout the booklet to aid learning.The workbook includes, all with a paediatric perspective, common illnesses, immunisation, drug history taking, counselling children/parents, role of different members of the multi-disciplinary team, paediatric reference sources, calculations, renal function, pharmacokinetics in children, fluid prescriptions, use of unlicensed medicines in children, suitability of formulations, neonatal pharmacy and total parenteral nutrition.The students were briefed about the booklet at the start of their two weeks in paediatrics, and a discussion about progress at midway and at the end.Feedback was requested from each student (n=15), with a view to improving the booklet and enhancing their time spent within paediatric pharmacy.During the two weeks the students spent time in ‘general paediatrics’ and with specialist pharmacists, in tertiary paediatric services, experiencing the more complex pharmaceutical needs of these patients and the role of the specialist pharmacist.ResultsFeedback was received from eight students (53%). All of them had enjoyed the placement, found the booklet helpful in directing their learning and using their time productively, when they were unable to accompany a pharmacist. Of those who responded, all commented that the booklet was a novel idea not used within other clinical areas within the Trust, and that it should be considered to enhance training. In addition, the paediatric pharmacists agreed unanimously that the booklet has been an asset in assisting the training of the students.ConclusionThe development of a workbook, to enhance the training of pre-registration pharmacists in the clinical area of paediatrics, has been very well received by the students and pharmacists. In response to feedback, it is being further developed and may be used as template for use in other clinical areas within the Trust.
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Kate, Mahesh Pundlik, Deepti Arora, Shweta Jain Verma, et al. "Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India (SPRINT INDIA) study protocol." International Journal of Stroke 15, no. 1 (2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493019895653.
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Rationale Recurrent stroke, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality are important causes of poor outcome in patients with index stroke. Despite the availability of best medical management recurrent stroke occur in up to 15–20% of patients with stroke in India. Education for stroke prevention could be a strategy to prevent recurrent strokes. Hypothesis We hypothesize that a structured semi-interactive stroke prevention package can reduce the risk of recurrent strokes, acute coronary artery syndrome, and death in patients with sub-acute stroke at the end of one year. Design Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in INDIA (SPRINT INDIA) is a multi-center stroke trial involving 25 centers under the Indian Stroke Clinical Trial Network. Patients with first ever sub-acute stroke within two days to three months of onset, age 18–85 years, mRS <5, showing recent stroke in imaging are included. Participants or caregivers able to read and complete tasks suggested in a stroke prevention workbook and have a cellular device for receiving short message service and watching videos. A total of 5830 stroke patients speaking 11 different languages are being randomized to intervention or control arm. Patients in the intervention arm are receiving a stroke prevention workbook, regular educational short messages, and videos. All patients in the control arm are receiving standard of care management. Summary Structured semi-interactive stroke prevention package may reduce the risk of recurrent strokes, acute coronary artery syndrome, and death in patients with sub-acute stroke. Trial registration This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03228979) and CTRI (Clinical Trial Registry India; CTRI/2017/09/009600).
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Coates, Heather L. "Critical Thinking Exercises in the Classroom are Helpful but not Sufficient for Improving Critical Thinking Test Scores." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 2 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84k64.
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A Review of:
 Wallace, E. D., & Jefferson, R. N. (2013). Developing Critical Thinking Skills For Information Seeking Success. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 19(3): 246-255.
 
 Objective – To determine whether a series of workbook exercises contributed to improved critical thinking test scores.
 
 Design – Post-test design with a quasi-experimental control group.
 
 Setting – Military college in the United States of America.
 
 Subjects – 76 undergraduates enrolled in a required freshman orientation seminar.
 
 Methods – Approximately one third of the enrolled participants (n=26) were provided with a copy of the book Critical Thinking: Building the Basics. A subset of exercises was completed independently over three to four class sessions during the first three weeks of the semester. The control group (n=50) did not receive any critical skills thinking instruction. The iCritical Thinking Skills Test, an online exam provided by Educational Testing Service (ETS), was administered to both groups during a class session. The exam consists of 7 types of tasks: define, access, evaluate, manage, integrate, create, communicate, evaluated using 14 tasks based on real-world scenarios.
 
 Main Results – Approximately 20% (15) of all students passed the test, 9 from the intervention group and 6 from the control group. Significant differences were detected between the groups on the Integrate and Manage subtests. The range for individual subtests and total scores was wide. Scores for two of the seven subtests, Create and Evaluate, showed the greatest amount of variability; the Communicate subtest scores had the least. 
 
 Conclusion – Limitations of the study include potential motivational differences between the groups. Students who completed workbook exercises appeared to be motivated to do well on the test, while those who did not seemed less motivated. The effectiveness of exercises in developing critical thinking skills in this study will persuade administrators to consider using such exercises in the classroom.
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Yun, Young Ho, Myung Kyung Lee, Sohee Park, et al. "Use of a Decision Aid to Help Caregivers Discuss Terminal Disease Status With a Family Member With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 36 (2011): 4811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.35.3870.
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Purpose We tested whether a decision aid explaining how to discuss the approach of death with a family member with cancer would help family caregivers decide to discuss a terminal prognosis. Patients and Methods We randomly assigned caregivers of terminally ill patients with cancer to a group that received a video and a companion workbook that showed either how they can discuss the prognosis with their patient (experimental arm) or how cancer pain can be controlled (control arm). At baseline and 1 month, we evaluated the decision to discuss terminal prognosis as the primary outcome. At 0, 1, 3, and 6 months, we assessed the caregivers' decisional conflict and satisfaction as secondary outcomes using a Decision Conflict Scale (DCS). Results We found no difference in changes in the decision to discuss terminal prognosis between the two groups. Conflict (P = .003), uncertainty (P = .019), and value clarity (P = .007) subscale scores and total DCS score (P = .008) improved from baseline to 1 month significantly more in the experimental arm than in the control arm. Over 6 months, the significant between-group differences continued for the conflict (P = .031), uncertainty (P = .014), and value clarity (P = .039) subscale scores and total DCS score (P = .040). Conclusion Decision aids can help caregivers, with the aid of trained professionals, to communicate with patients about their terminal illness.
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Sirajuddin, Sirajuddin. "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Kombinasi Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Dan Scientific Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP." JTAM | Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika 1, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v1i1.316.
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Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (developmental research). Untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS), Buku teks pelajaran, dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB). Proses pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model 4-D dari Thiagarajan yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu: (1) tahap pendefinisian, (2) tahap perancangan, (3) tahap pengembangan, (4) tahap penyebaran. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh dua orang ahli dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan dari tiap aspek perangkat pembelajaran himpunan dengan kombinasi pendekatan realistik dan saintifik yang dihasilkan (buku teks pelajaran, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar kegiatan siswa dan tes hasil belajar) dinyatakan valid dan layak untuk diujicobakan. Uji coba dilakukan pada Kelas VIISMP N 21 Mataram dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 29 orang. Dari hasil analisis keterlaksanaan perangkat menunjukkan bahwa keterlaksanaan perangkat pembelajaran himpunan berbasis kombinasi realistik dan saintifik memenuhi kriteria praktis dan berada pada kategori sangat baik. Serta memenuhi kriteria efektif yaitu diperoleh respon siswa positif terhadap pembelajaran, aktifitas siswa berada pada kategori sangat aktif dan hasil belajar telah tuntas secara klasikal (84,7% siswa yang memperoleh nilai di atas 75 dari nilai ideal 100). Dengan demikian, perangkat pembelajaran himpunan dengan kombinasi pendekatan realistik dan saintifik telah valid, praktis dan efektif..Abstract: This studi was develomental research to develop learning package which is valid, practical, and effective. The intended learning package in this study is as follows: lesson plan, student’s workbook, textbook, and test of learning result. The development process of learning package employed 4-D model based on thiagarajan which consist of 4 phases, namely (1) defining phase, (2) design phase, (3) development phase, and (4) dissemination phase. The learning package developed was validated by two experts with the overall aspect of each aspect of the set learning with combination of realistic and scientific approaches produced (textbook, lesson plan, student’s workbook, and test of learning result) is confirmed as valid and feasible to be tested. The test is conducted to grade VII at SMP N 21 Mataram with the total of 29 students. The result base on the analysis of package implementation reveals that the set of learning sets based on reaistic and scientific approach meets effective criteria wich is obtained from positive response of the students toward learning; students’ activities is in very active category and the learning result has completed calssically (84.7% students obtain the score above 75 from the ideal 100). Therefore, the set learning package with realistic and scientific mixed approaches is valid, practical, and effective.
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Zhang, Shujing, Youli Qiu, and Yu Li. "Detection Method of Environmentally Friendly Non-POP PBDEs by Derivatization-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using the Pharmacophore Model." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 6 (2019): 656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180829103520.
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Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are dangerous for the environment and human health because of their persistent organic pollutant (POP) characteristics, which have attracted extensive research attention. Raman spectroscopy is a simple highly sensitive detection operation. This study was performed to obtain environmentally friendly non-POP PBDE derivatives with simple detection-based molecular design and provide theoretical support for establishing enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection techniques. Methods: A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3DQSAR) pharmacophore model of characteristic PBDE Raman spectral was established using 20 and 10 PBDEs as training and test sets, respectively. Full-factor experimental design was used to modify representative commercial PBDEs, and their flame retardancy and POP characteristics were evaluated. Results: The pharmacophore model (Hypo1) exhibited good predictive ability with the largest correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.88, the smallest root mean square (RMS) value of 0.231, and total cost of 81.488 with a configuration value of 12.56 (˂17).74 monosubstituted and disubstituted PBDE derivatives were obtained based on the Hypo 1 pharmacophore model and full-factor experimental design auxiliary. Twenty PBDE derivatives were screened, and their flame-retardant capabilities were enhanced and their migration and bio-concentration were reduced (log(KOW) <5), with unchanged toxicity and high biodegradability. The Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%. In addition, interference analysis of the Raman peaks by group frequency indicated that the 20 PBDE derivatives were easily detected with no interference in gaseous environments. Conclusion: Nine pharmacophore models were constructed in this study; Hypo 1 was the most accurate. Twenty PBDE derivatives showed Raman spectral intensities increased up to 380%; these were classified as new non-POP environmentally friendly flame retardants with low toxicity, low migration, good biodegradability, and low bio-concentrations. 2D QSAR analysis showed that the most positive Milliken charge and lowest occupied orbital energy were the main contributors to the PBDE Raman spectral intensities. Raman peak analysis revealed no interference between the derivatives in gaseous environments.
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McDonnell, Sharon, Pauline A. Nelson, Sarah Leonard, et al. "Evaluation of the Impact of the PABBS Suicide Bereavement Training on Clinicians' Knowledge and Skills." Crisis 41, no. 5 (2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000646.
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Abstract. Background: Health-care professionals do not routinely receive training on how best to support parents bereaved by suicide. Evidence-based training – Postvention Assisting Those Bereaved by Suicide (PABBS) – was designed to address this gap. Aims: The study aimed (a) to pilot PABBS training and evaluate its perceived effectiveness (impact on self-reported knowledge, skills and confidence) in managing suicide bereavement; and (b) to explore training acceptability. Method: A pre- and postevaluation design was used. Professionals attended intensive, structured 1-day PABBS training comprising: didactic/interactive teaching; practice-orientated activities supported with real-life materials and a manual/workbook. Evaluation forms completed immediately before and after training analyzed: (a) self-reported changes in knowledge, skills, and confidence (perceived effectiveness of training); and (b) the acceptability of training. Results: In total, 62 professionals completed training. Perceived knowledge, skills, and confidence improved after training as did self-reported understanding, motivation to learn more, and intention to change practice. Training was highly rated, particularly the evidence-based, real-life materials, with some suggestions for improvement. Limitations: Self-selected sample and reliance on self-report measures are the study's limitations. Conclusion: PABBS training may help address gaps in professionals' capacity to support parents bereaved by suicide. The evidence-based content was highly acceptable and appeared to be a key ingredient in effecting self-reported changes in attitudes/intentions.
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Verma, Deepak, J. P. Majra, and S. K. Jha. "Pattern of time utilization by multipurpose health workers male in district Sonipat, Haryana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (2020): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201021.
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Background: A multipurpose health worker is the key functionary in a sub centre. They associate with the community at grass-root levels. This study explores time utilization pattern of multipurpose health workers in the multifarious domains of their activities.Methods: A time motion study conducted among health workers (HWs) male of all subcentres of district Sonipat, Haryana. Participants self‑reported their daily activities on a time measurement workbook for one month. Data were entered in Excel and analyzed using statistical package for social studies software.Results: Time utilization patterns revealed that HWs spent nearly one third (31.5%) of their time on national vector born disease control programme. Documentation constituted nearly 16.3% of their time. Others activities include maternal and child health (7.4%), service for minor ailment (6.7%), revised national tuberculosis control programme (6.7%) and meetings (4.5%). They spent 13.9% of their time on non-productive activities. The proportion of time spent on field-based activities was 63.2% and on sub center based activities was 22.9% of the total working time. A negative correlation of field-based activities was found with age, job experience and residing in joint family.Conclusions: The study reflects the time spent by HWs male in various domains of activities in relations to their job responsibilities and the multipurpose nature of their works. Some of the health programmes were ignored by HWs and were also found to be spending significant time on non-productive works.
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T. Woods, Damith, Cathy Catroppa, Celia Godfrey, Rebecca Giallo, Jan Matthews, and Vicki A. Anderson. "Challenging behaviours following paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI): the clinical utility for a manualised behavioural intervention programme." Social Care and Neurodisability 5, no. 3 (2014): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scn-03-2013-0006.
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Purpose – Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at significant risk of serious behavioural and social difficulties. The burgeoning growth of research documenting behavioural sequelae after paediatric ABI has not been met with a concomitant level of research aimed at treating the problem. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a manualised behavioural intervention support programme could reduce challenging behaviours in children with ABI and improve family-parental well-being and functioning. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 61 parents (48 mothers and 13 fathers) of 48 children aged between three and 12 years with mild, moderate, or severe ABI received an ABI adapted “Signposts for Building Better Behaviour” programme (Hudson et al., 2001) in group-support (GS) or telephone-support (TS) format. Trained “Signposts” practitioners delivered the programme over a five-month period. The programme consisted of nine information booklets, a DVD, and workbook. All families completed pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluations. Findings – On an average parents completed 7.92 out of a possible nine intervention sessions (range 7-9). Parents in both TS and GS formats reported significant reductions in challenging child behaviours irrespective of injury severity. They also reported significant reductions in dysfunctional parenting practices, stress and family burden. Originality/value – Overall, the current research provides support for Signposts to be used with families of children with ABI in an attempt to ameliorate negative outcomes for family, parent, and child.
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Papakonstantinou, Margarita, and Michael Skoumios. "Science and engineering practices in the content of Greek middle school physics textbooks about forces and motion." Journal of Technology and Science Education 11, no. 2 (2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1286.
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It has been argued that students’ understanding of science ideas and concepts is based on their engagement in science and engineering practices. However, research studying science and engineering practices engaging in the content of school science textbooks is particularly limited. The aim of the present study is to develop a framework and investigate (through it) the level at which science and engineering practices engage in the content of Greek middle school Physics textbooks about forces and motion. The analysis was carried out on a total of 61 reports and activities on forces and motion that are included in school textbooks (student’s book and lab workbook) used for teaching Physics to 13-year-old middle school students in Greece. Reports and activities were analyzed using content analysis. An assessment rubric called “Science and Engineering Practices Analytic Rubric” (SEPAR), which evaluates the level at which science and engineering practices engage in the above reports and activities, was used throughout the analysis. The analysis demonstrated the low level at which science and engineering practices engage in the analyzed content of these school textbooks. The SEPAR can be used for analyzing science instructional material. The results mean that no opportunities are provided to the students through the content of these school textbooks so that the students could use science and engineering practices and become familiar with them in order to better understand ideas and concepts about forces and motion.
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Neumann, John, Jennifer M. Ross, Peter Terrence, and Mustapha Mouloua. "Trend Analysis of the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction from 1989 to 2004." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 5 (2005): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900518.
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This report looks at the research trends over the years 1989 — 2004 as published in the International Journal of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Over this time period, there has been a concerned focus by scholars and practitioners to bring issues such as interface design, usability engineering, human information processing, and user-centric system development into the mainstream consciousness of engineers and developers. Our research aims to provide information to both scholars and developers on the past and current trends in the growing field of HCI. Using the PsycINFO journal database, we compiled an extensive Excel workbook containing relevant information on all the articles appearing in the journal since its inception. We were then able to classify each document using the ACM SIGCHI taxonomy, developed by Hewett, et al. This taxonomy permits classification of articles based on six factors, within one of 17 possible categories. Several other dimensions were examined including year & period of publication (1989–1993; 1994–1999; 2000–2004), author affiliation, geographic location, number of empirical studies per paper, and average sample size per study. We also reported the classifications of each article as reported by PsycINFO. Besides noting the clear growth in the total number of articles published each period, our results indicate that the field of Human Computer Interaction has seen changes in research focus. Current trends point to an increase in research focusing on developmental processes, usability evaluation methods, human communication and interaction, and applications. Another trend shows a notable decrease in empirical studies using human participants over the 15-year period.
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Sampat, Ajay, Danielle Larson, George Culler, and Danny Bega. "Formalizing a Residency Mentorship Program with a “Business of Medicine” Curriculum." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052095968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520959685.
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Background: Mentorship is critical for achieving success in academic medicine and is also considered one of the core professional competencies for residency training. Despite its importance, there has been a decline in the mentor-mentee relationship, largely due to time constraints and lack of clear guidelines for productive discussions. We provide a mentorship curriculum with an easily adoptable workbook which may serve as a guide for programs seeking more formalized mentorship opportunities. Methods: We created a mentorship curriculum that was divided into 4 quarterly sessions, each with topics to facilitate career guidance and development, and to provide insight into the practical aspects of business of medicine. The mentorship pilot curriculum was implemented during the 2017 to 2018 academic year. Specific questions were provided to stimulate reflection and appropriate discussion between resident mentee and faculty mentor. A post-curriculum survey was distributed to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction of the curriculum. Results: A total of 23 residents participated in this pilot project. A majority had not had any formal teaching related to the business aspects of medicine (82%). Upon completion of the curriculum, most residents felt several topics were sufficiently covered, and a majority were satisfied with the course and relationship developed with their mentor (87%). Conclusions: Our pilot curriculum provides a model to address a knowledge gap in the practical aspects of medicine while simultaneously enhancing residency mentorship. The one-year course was generally well-received by residents and can serve as a model to other academic residency programs with similar challenges and goals.
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Snowsill, Tristan. "A New Method for Model-Based Health Economic Evaluation Utilizing and Extending Moment-Generating Functions." Medical Decision Making 39, no. 5 (2019): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19860119.
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Background. Health economic evaluations frequently include projections for lifetime costs and health effects using modeling frameworks such as Markov modeling or discrete event simulation (DES). Markov models typically cannot represent events whose risk is determined by the length of time spent in state (sojourn time) without the use of tunnel states. DES is very flexible but introduces Monte Carlo variation, which can significantly limit the complexity of model analyses. Methods. We present a new methodological framework for health economic modeling that is based on, and extends, the concept of moment-generating functions (MGFs) for time-to-event random variables. When future costs and health effects are discounted, MGFs can be used to very efficiently calculate the total discounted life-years spent in a series of health states. Competing risks are incorporated into the method. This method can also be used to calculate discounted costs and health effects when these payoffs are constant per unit time, one-off, or exponential with regard to time. MGFs are extended to additionally support costs and health effects which are polynomial with regard to time (as in a commonly used model of population norms for EQ-5D utility). Worked Example. A worked example is used to demonstrate the application of the new method in practice and to compare it with Markov modeling and DES. Results are compared in terms of convergence and accuracy, and computation times are compared. R code and an Excel workbook are provided. Conclusions. The MGF method can be applied to health economic evaluations in the place of Markov modeling or DES and has certain advantages over both.
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Zavala, Sofia, Samantha Rosas, Arlene Calvo, Nestor Sosa, German Henostroza, and Ana Belen Arauz Rodriguez. "783. Characterization of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates in a National Mycobacterial Laboratory in Panama: 2012–2015." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.790.
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Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are becoming more frequently isolated in microbiology laboratories. There is no standardized diagnosis, treatment, and/or monitoring of patients with NTM disease. We described the experience of the Panama National Mycobacterial Laboratory in isolating NTM in patients suspected to have active tuberculosis in Panama. Methods Data registries of the National TB Program Laboratory of Panama between 2012 and 2015 were reviewed. Demographic information, relevant history, sample source, and isolate identified for each specimen obtained at the time of specimen submission was extracted. Identification of mycobacterial species were made using culture and PCR. Data were exported to an Excel workbook and a descriptive analysis was performed using STATA. Results A total of 4,545 samples were received during this period. Of these, 288 (6.3%) were not processed. From the remaining 4,257 samples, 705 (16.5%) were negative, 2,783 (65.3%) were positive for M. tuberculosis, and 769 (18%) were confirmed NTM. NTM species identification was achieved in 715 (93%) using PCR. Median age was 55 years (0 – 92); 49.4% were male. The most frequent NTM isolate was M. avium complex in 172 (22.3%) samples, followed by M. fortuitum in 131 (17%). M. chelonae was isolated in 98 (12.7%) samples, M. gordonae in 50 (6.5%), M. scrofulaceum in 20 (2.6%), and M. triviale in 16 (2.0%). NTM isolation steadily rose over the study period with 490 (63.7%) of the samples being from 2015 and 465 (94.5%) of these typified by PCR. Specimens mainly originated from the Panama metropolitan area (88.2%) and were mostly sputum samples (70.8%). Conclusion Nontuberculous mycobacteria represented an important proportion of isolates among TB suspects in Panama. The implementation of more sensitive diagnostic techniques is increasing the recovery of NTM. Further evaluation of the clinical significance of these finding is required for appropriate guideline implementation. Disclosures G. Henostroza, Aeras: Investigator, Grant recipient.
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Jaggers, Jason R., Joanna M. Sneed, R. L. Felipe Lobelo, et al. "Results of a nine month home-based physical activity intervention for people living with HIV." International Journal of Clinical Trials 3, no. 3 (2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20162793.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this investigation was to test the feasibility of a home-based moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) program for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) currently taking antiretroviral therapy (ART).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 68 participants recruited for a 9-month home-based PA intervention aimed to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular disease for PLWHA taking ART. All participants received an educational weight loss workbook and a pedometer for self-monitoring of physical activity. The intervention group received elastic Therabands® for strength training in addition to telephone based behavioural coaching. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline and each follow-up which also included psychometric questionnaires and PA levels via the SenseWear® armband accelerometer.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 57 completing the study, 29 of those were in the intervention group and 28 were in the standard care group. Results show that the home-based PA intervention was not successful in increasing the total amount of MPA for PLWHA. However there was a trend (p=0.08) of decreasing sedentary time. In a secondary analysis those who increased PA by &gt;10% observed decreases in waist circumference and improved functioning at 18 weeks. None of the changes observed were significant after controlling for all potential confounders. </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A home-based exercise approach with telephone-based coaching may not be a feasible method for increasing MPA among PLWHA. Slight decreases in sedentary time indicate some positive changes in activity habits. A possible strategy to improve studies similar to this is to incorporate a group based social interaction each week similar to that of a support group.
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Hanin, F. K., L. Sit Wai, J. Sabirin, W. P. Sharifa Ezat, and D. Maznah. "Trastuzumab As an Adjuvant Therapy for Early Breast Cancer: Economic Evaluation From a Malaysian Perspective." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 72s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.12800.
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Background: In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most common cancer in females and also the first most common cancer among population regardless of gender. The percentage of breast cancer detected at stage I and II was 61%, another 27% with locally advanced cancer and 11% with late stage metastatic cancer. From the total, 28% are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and access to targeted therapy (trastuzumab) was very limited; only 19% of eligible patients could be treated. Aim: To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy alone as adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer from Malaysian perspective. Methods: A Markov cohort simulation was developed using Microsoft Excel Workbook 2007 to estimate the cost-utility of adjuvant trastuzumab compared with chemotherapy alone for treatment of early breast cancer with HER2 positive status. Two adjuvant treatment strategies were evaluated: 1) chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and 2) chemotherapy alone as adjuvant treatment. This Markov model was projected to lifetime horizon. All costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% and the cost-effectiveness result was expressed in ICER. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to address the uncertainty. Results: The base case analysis indicated that 1-year adjuvant trastuzumab treatment generates a deterministic ICER of RM 83,544.59 per QALY gained. Over the lifetime, there is a marginal cost increase of RM 85,659.10 and a marginal benefit of 1.025 QALYs per patient when trastuzumab is added to standard chemotherapy compared with no trastuzumab strategy. Based on one-way sensitivity analysis, these components have shown to be a sensitive parameter for ICER determination: discount rate, disease-free state utility, route of trastuzumab administration and cost of trastuzumab. Conclusion: Addition of 1-year treatment with trastuzumab on top of standard adjuvant chemotherapy is considered as a cost-effective strategy for early breast cancer with HER2 positive, yielding an ICER of RM 83,544.59 per QALY gained, which is within the suggested value of cost-effectiveness threshold by WHO (1-3 times GDP per capita). However, if suggested threshold for Malaysia is taken into consideration, this treatment may not be a cost-effective strategy.
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Mekie, Maru, Dagne Addisu, Wubet Taklual, and Abenezer Melkie. "The Level of Unmet Need for Family Planning and Its Predictors among HIV-Positive Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 21, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3139272.
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Background. Studies indicated that the need for family planning appears to be greater for human immuno-deficiency virus- (HIV-) positive women than the general population to reduce the risk of pediatrics HIV infection and related consequences of unintended pregnancy. We aimed to assess the level of unmet need for family planning and its predictors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia. Methods. Online databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, HINARI, Google Scholar, and digital libraries of universities were used to search for studies to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were extracted using the format prepared on Excel workbook and analyzed by the Stata 11 software. Cochran ( Q test) and I 2 test statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Similarly, the funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test were used to assess publication bias. Result. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using nine primary studies with a total of 6,154 participants. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women was found to be 25.72% (95% CI: 21.63%, 29.81%). Participants age 15-24 years (( OR = 3.12 ; 95% CI: 1.59, 6.11) I 2 = 27.5 %; p = 0.252 ), being illiterate (( OR = 2.69 ; 95% CI: 1.69, 4.26) I 2 = 0.0 % ; p = 0.899 ), failure to discuss FP with partner (( OR = 3.38 ; 95% CI: 2.20, 5.18) I 2 = 0.0 %; p = 0.861 ), and no access to family planning information (( OR = 4.70 ; 95% CI: 2.83, 7.81) I 2 = 0.0 %; p = 0.993 ) were found to be a significant predictors of unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women. Conclusion. The level of unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women was found to be high in Ethiopia. Being young age, illiteracy, failed to discuss family planning issues with a partner, and no access to family planning information were found to be the significant predictors of unmet need for family planning among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia. Improving information access and encouraging partners’ involvement in family planning counseling and services could reduce the level of unmet need for family planning.
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Boutin-Foster, Carla, Emanuela Offidani, Balavenkatesh Kanna, et al. "Results from the Trial Using Motivational Interviewing, Positive Affect, and Self-Affirmation in African Americans with Hypertension (TRIUMPH)." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 1 (2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.1.51.
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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Our objective was to determine the the effectiveness in combining positive affect and self-affirmation strategies with motivational interviewing in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive African Americans compared with AA hypertensives in an education-only control group.</p><p><strong>Design:</strong> Randomized trial.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Ambulatory practices in the South Bronx and Harlem, New York City.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>African American adults with uncontrolled hypertension.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Interventions:</strong> Participants were randomized to a positive affect and self-affirmation intervention or an education control group. The positive affect and self-affirmation intervention involved having participants think about things that made them happy and that reminded them of their core values on a daily basis. These strategies were reinforced every two months through motivational interviewing. The control arm received a workbook of strategies on blood pressure control. All participants were called every two months for one year.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes: </strong>Blood pressure control rate.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 238 participants were randomized. The average age was 56<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 11, approximately 70% were female, 80% were not married, and up to 70% completed high school. There was no difference in control rates between the intervention and the control group. However, at one year, female participants were more likely to be controlled. Participants with high depressive symptoms or high perceived stress at baseline were less likely to be controlled.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><em> </em>While this study did not demonstrate an intervention effect, it does provide important insight into the psychosocial factors that may underlie blood pressure control in African Americans. Implications for future behavioral intervention trials are discussed. <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2016;26(1):51-60; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.51</p>
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Stenerud, Vegard R., Vegard Kippe, Knut-Andreas Lie, and Akhil Datta-Gupta. "Adaptive Multiscale Streamline Simulation and Inversion for High-Resolution Geomodels." SPE Journal 13, no. 01 (2008): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/106228-pa.
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Summary A particularly efficient reservoir simulator can be obtained by combining a recent multiscale mixed finite-element flow solver with a streamline method for computing fluid transport. This multiscale-streamline method has shown to be a promising approach for fast flow simulations on high-resolution geologic models with multimillion grid cells. The multiscale method solves the pressure equation on a coarse grid while preserving important fine-scale details in the velocity field. Fine-scale heterogeneity is accounted for through a set of generalized, heterogeneous basis functions that are computed numerically by solving local flow problems. When included in the coarse-grid equations, the basis functions ensure that the global equations are consistent with the local properties of the underlying differential operators. The multiscale method offers a substantial gain in computation speed, without significant loss of accuracy, when basis functions are updated infrequently throughout a dynamic simulation. In this paper, we propose to combine the multiscale-streamline method with a recent "generalized travel-time inversion" method to derive a fast and robust method for history matching high-resolution geocellular models. A key point in the new method is the use of sensitivities that are calculated analytically along streamlines with little computational overhead. The sensitivities are used in the travel-time inversion formulation to give a robust quasilinear method that typically converges in a few iterations and generally avoids much of the time-consuming trial-and-error seen in manual history matching. Moreover, the sensitivities are used to enforce basis functions to be adaptively updated only in areas with relatively large sensitivity to the production response. The sensitivity-based adaptive approach allows us to selectively update only a fraction of the total number of basis functions, which gives substantial savings in computation time for the forward flow simulations. We demonstrate the power and utility of our approach using a simple 2D model and a highly detailed 3D geomodel. The 3D simulation model consists of more than 1,000,000 cells with 69 producing wells. Using our proposed approach, history matching over a period of 7 years is accomplished in less than 20 minutes on an ordinary workstation PC. Introduction It is well known that geomodels derived from static data only—such as geological, seismic, well-log, and core data—often fail to reproduce the production history. Reconciling geomodels to the dynamic response of the reservoir is critical for building reliable reservoir models. In the past few years, there have been significant developments in the area of dynamic data integration through the use of inverse modeling. Streamline methods have shown great promise in this regard (Vasco et al. 1999; Wang and Kovscek 2000; Milliken et al. 2001; He et al. 2002; Al-Harbi et al. 2005; Cheng et al. 2006). Streamline-based methods have the advantages that they are highly efficient "forward" simulators and allow production-response sensitivities to be computed analytically using a single flow simulation (Vasco et al. 1999; He et al. 2002; Al-Harbi et al. 2005; Cheng et al. 2006). Sensitivities describe the change in production responses caused by small perturbations in reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability and are a vital part of many methods for integrating dynamic data. Even though streamline simulators provide fast forward simulation compared with a full finite-difference simulation in 3D, the forward simulation is still the most time-consuming part of the history-matching process. A streamline simulation consists of two steps that are repeated:solution of a 3D pressure equation to compute flow velocities; andsolution of 1D transport equations for evolving fluid compositions along representative sets of streamlines, followed by a mapping back to the underlying pressure grid. The first step is referred to as the "pressure step" and is often the most time-consuming. Consequently, history matching and flow simulation are usually performed on upscaled simulation models, which imposes the need for a subsequent downscaling if the dynamic data are to be integrated in the geomodel. Upscaling and downscaling may result in loss of important fine-scale information.
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Stapleton, Michelle A., Kristi Ladvienka, and Elizabeth Wuitschick. "An Assay for the Discrimination of Increased VWF Clearance in VWD." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 3478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3478.3478.
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Abstract Abstract 3478 Poster Board III-415 The quantitative deficiency in von Willebrand Factor (VWF) levels observed in Type 1 VWD can be caused by ineffective synthesis and storage or by a decrease in the half-life of the VWF in the circulation. To date, a number of different point mutations in VWF have been shown to cause a reduced VWF half-life. Clinically it is important to recognize this enhanced clearance phenotype because the increased clearance of VWF can reduce the efficacy of desmopressin treatment in these patients. The VWF propeptide is synthesized as part of a pro-VWF protein and is subsequently cleaved, stored and secreted in an equi-molar ratio with mature VWF. The level of VWF propeptide in the circulation can be used as a marker of VWF synthesis. In individuals with low VWF synthesis, the propeptide level is similarly decreased yielding a propeptide: VWF ratio near 1.0. In individuals with normal levels of VWF synthesis and decreased survival of VWF in circulation, an increased propeptide:VWF ratio is observed. GTI Diagnostics, Inc. (Waukesha, Wisconsin) has developed a fluorescent ELISA for the quantitative measurement of VWF levels and VWF propeptide levels in plasma and for the calculation of a propeptide:VWF ratio. All reagents necessary to run the assay are included in the kit as well as an analysis workbook for easy calculation of results. Assay incubation steps are only 15 minutes, therefore the assay can be completed in 90 minutes. In performance testing the VWF & Propeptide Assay showed excellent within-run, between-run and total imprecision. The limit of detection is 0.02 IU/dL for VWF and 0.02 U/dL for propeptide. The assay range varies depending on the calibrator stock included in the kit however the assay range is at least 1 – 273 IU/dL VWF or U/dL propeptide. No patient sample conditions tested were shown to interfere with the assay. Clinical studies were conducted to evaluate if the VWF & Propeptide Assay can be used to distinguish Type 1 VWD patients with mutations known to cause an increased VWF clearance phenotype (Type 1C) from those without these mutations. One hundred-fifteen Type 1 VWD patients diagnosed on the basis of VWF antigen level, ristocetin co-factor activity, and past bleeding history were tested and 24 Type 1 VWD patients with increased clearance of VWF (Type 1C) diagnosed on the basis of VWF antigen level, ristocetin co-factor activity, past bleeding history, and the presence of a point mutation previously shown to cause increased clearance of VWF. Patients with the following increased clearance mutations were included in the study: R1205H, S2179F, and W1144G (although the majority of the samples contained the R1205H mutation). Using the VWF & Propeptide Assay VWF levels, propeptide levels, and propeptide:VWF ratios were determined for each patient sample. The propeptide:VWF ratios were used to determine an appropriate diagnostic cutoff by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. From the ROC analysis, a propeptide:VWF ratio cutoff value of ≥3.3 provided optimal clinical sensitivity and specificity when distinguishing between Type 1 VWD and Type 1 VWD with increased VWF clearance (Type 1C). Using the ratio cutoff of ≥3.3 yielded 100.0% sensitivity, characterizing all known Type 1C patients correctly and yielded 97.4% specificity, where 3 Type 1 patients were characterized as Type 1C. Two of the 3 mischaracterized patients had Type O blood and the blood group of the third sample was unknown. Since it has been demonstrated that patients with a Type O blood generally have a lower VWF level and correspondingly a slightly elevated propeptide:VWF ratio, we suggest the use of the following grey zone. Propeptide:VWF ratios of 3.3 – 4.1 may be due to increased VWF clearance or the result of a Type 1 VWD patient with Type O blood. Ratios of ≥ 4.2 are indicative of Type 1C VWD. Disclosures: Stapleton: GTI Diagnostics: Employment. Ladvienka:GTI Diagnostics: Employment. Wuitschick:GTI Diagnostics: Employment.
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Rodriguez, Brendaly. "3430 Promoting Stakeholder Research Competencies to Culturalize Health Science by the Miami CTSA: National Partnership for Training Community Health Workers in Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR) in 4 States." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.213.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To mobilize and engage CHWs/promotores as stakeholders, we aim to promote the capacity for CHWs participate in patient centered research (PCOR) by locally implementing a structured research training curriculum for CHWs. Main Questions: How the process of mobilization and engagement would be implemented at local/state level? What would be project challenges, risks and barriers at each and across sites? What modifications would be made to the initial PCOR for CHWs training curriculum and toolkit based on local feedback from collaborators, in both English and Spanish? What would be lessons learned on mobilization, engagement of, and sustainability for CHW training organizations as partners in PCOR? METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Measures: Monthly calls and quarterly reports from local organizations on activities, deliverables status, modifications, project implementation challenges/barriers and solutions (experienced and potential) to achieve goals of training 10 PCOR CHW Champions and a total of 360 CHWs/promotores trained in PCOR. Input from Note taker reports, Feedback and Evaluation Forms from training attendees at each session. Co-authorship of team members on dissemination activities (submissions for presentations, posters, blogs entries, webinars). Activities/Procedures: Via a highly participatory, consensus-driven decision-making approach, each of the organizations in the target states provide input into refining the toolkit for local use, select the training champions and develop CHW/promotor outreach and recruitment plans, and deliver the PCOR training to CHWs. In addition, the organizations will also set up a local stakeholder CHW/promotores advisory group. Environmental scan and literature review continues on training content areas to complement field experience in implementing the trainings at local sites. Project information tools developed (info sheet for local organizations, informational slide set to be used at calls and statewide seminars, a templates for flyer for training recruitment, agenda, certificates). FL and TN pilot of the translation of the curriculum, addressing problematic concepts and terms, collecting feedback forms eliciting input on terminology variations across Spanish speaking populations and literacy levels. Project Collaborators: Día de la Mujer Latina, a patient advocacy group in Texas with CHW trainings in several states and Puerto Rico Chula Vista Community Collaborative, a community health empowerment organization in Southern California Progresso Community Center, a Latino-focused health coalition based in Tennessee Florida Community Health Worker Coalition, a statewide partnership dedicated to the support and promotion of the CHW profession in Florida. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results: Trainings per State - Y1 Jan- October 2018 Totals: 11 PCOR Champions and 252 PCOR-Trained CHWs in CA-TX-TN Y2 Plans (October 2018-September 2019): Will continue to collect CHW trainee demographic data, CHW certification and patient/patient advocate status. Will conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of all quarterly reports, Note taker, and trainee Feedback and Evaluation forms. Will reach goal of 360 PCOR-trained CHWs in FL, CA, TX and TN. Will continue to submit abstracts on our story on building patient and stakeholder capacity to participate as partners in patient-centered outcomes research, engagement and mobilization, from topic generation through the dissemination of research results. From evaluation analysis of content and process measures, we will discuss sustainability strategies as shared learning collaborative. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Challenges/Decision Points Y1: On Mobilization and Engagement: Across partners, different levels of readiness/capacities/structures, and access to local resources Process application for request for content and guest instructor approvals to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) for CHW and CHW Instructor credit Co-branding of informational products (recruitment flyers, agendas, certificates), slides of Welcome section On Content and Curriculum Development: Address different levels of literacy Format (1-day vs spread, in person/online, prescriptive vs open) Clear distinction between service provision and research; paradigm shift of transfer of skills Inserting examples of unethical health research past activities with both African American and Hispanic/Latino populations Reinstating phases of clinical studies basic information Creating a study research design activity in Chapter 1 CHW role as member of research team Adding PCORI-funded project summary fact sheet per state On translations: Diversity of nuances of meaning in vocabulary for concepts On sustainability: Different degrees of organizational and personal involvement Next for newly PCOR-trained CHWs Meaningfully engaging patients and other stakeholders is increasingly recognized as requisite to generate research findings that are trusted, meaningful, and useful to clinicians, patients, and their families. One key engagement strategy used for engaging specific patients/caregivers and patient advocates in underserved communities is leveraging our partnerships with Community Health Workers (CHWs). Moreover, there is a documented need for higher level of training skills to undertake activities such as community health assessments, program evaluations and clinical studies. University of Miami (UM) along FL partners has successfully developed a 7-hr specialized toolkit on patient-centered research for CHWs and trained 148 CHWs/promotores (original plans were for 100) across the six major statewide regions. Evaluation data resulted in 100% of attendees responses’ as excellent and 99% would recommend it to others. Qualitative comments included “even though the training was tailored for research, I feel that it applies to many other aspects of the CHW role” and “I feel more empowered in my role after hearing explicitly the opportunities…for a CHW to be more involved in the research process”. UM has partnered with stakeholders in FL, Texas, southern California and Tennessee to develop a Spanish version of the PCOR for CHWs Training Toolkit (including a slide deck, Facilitator’s Guide and Student Workbook) that can be culturally and linguistically appropriate, to train local CHWs/promotores as PCOR CHW Champions. Attendees will receive lunch and a certificate of participation upon completion of the module. In turn, they agree to train local CHWs in their region. These 7 credit hrs could be used as credits towards state certification requirements, in states with CHW certification programs. This partnership for the mobilization and engagement of CHWs/promotores aims to strengthen their capacity to be involved in PCOR at the local and national level and increase the organizational capacity of CHW representative organizations in their promotion of PCOR. This type of research aims to help patients and those who care for them make better-informed decisions about the healthcare choices they face every day, guided by those who will use that information. In doing so, CHWs/promotores are contributing to PCOR in addressing health disparities and achieving health equity as a more culturally and linguistically diverse healthcare workforce and PCOR research team members.
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Alvarez, Elizabeth, John N. Lavis, Melissa Brouwers, et al. "Developing evidence briefs for policy: a qualitative case study comparing the process of using a guidance-contextualization workbook in Peru and Uganda." Health Research Policy and Systems 17, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0488-0.
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Abstract Background Translating research evidence from global guidance into policy can help strengthen health systems. A workbook was developed to support the contextualization of the WHO’s ‘Optimizing health worker roles to improve maternal and newborn health’ (OptimizeMNH) guidance. This study evaluated the use of the workbook for the development of evidence briefs in two countries — Peru and Uganda. Findings surrounding contextual factors, steps in the process and evaluation of the workbook are presented. Methods A qualitative embedded case study was used. The case was the process of using the workbook to support the contextualization of global health systems guidance, with local evidence, to develop evidence briefs. Criterion sampling was used to select the countries, participants for interviews and documents included in the study. A template-organizing style and constant comparison were used for data analysis. Results A total of 19 participant-observation sessions and 8 interviews were conducted, and 50 documents were reviewed. Contextual factors, including the cadres, or groups, of health workers available in each country, the way the problem and its causes were framed, potential policy options to address the problem, and implementation considerations for these policy options, varied substantially between Peru and Uganda. However, many similarities were found in the process of using the workbook. Overall, the workbook was viewed positively and participants in both countries would use it again for other topics. Conclusions Organizations that produce global guidance, such as WHO, need to consider institutionalizing the application of the workbook into their guidance development processes to help users at the national/subnational level create actionable and context-relevant policies. Feedback mechanisms also need to be established so that the evidence briefs and health policies arising from global guidance are tracked and the findings coming out of such guideline contextualization processes can be taken into consideration during future guidance development and research priority-setting.
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Beatty, Jacqueline, and Kathleen Melanson. "Improved Appetite Ratings with Addition of Self-monitoring Wearable Device to an 8-week Weight Loss Intervention Focused on Reducing Eating Rate (P16-005-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz050.p16-005-19.
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Abstract Objectives Subjective hunger, satiety, and appetite impact energy intake, so interventions addressing these are needed for weight management. This study examined effects on hunger, satiety, and appetite ratings when adding a self-monitoring wearable device to an 8-week weight loss intervention focused on reducing eating rate and dietary energy density, while increasing energy expenditure. The wrist-worn Eat Less Move More (ELMM) device tracks eating rate in seconds between bites, by time stamp and detection of wrist-roll motion, and tracks bites and steps taken. Methods Seventy-two adults with overweight or obesity (age, 37.7 ± 15.3 years; BMI, 31.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) were randomized into two groups: intervention workbook only, or intervention workbook plus device. Before and after the intervention, participants consumed a standardized laboratory test meal after an overnight fast, and rated their hunger, satiety, desire to eat, and thirst on Visual Analog Scales (VAS) pre- and post-meal, 20 minutes post-meal, and 60 minutes post-meal initiation. Results A 2 × 2 repeated measures MANOVA with fasting VAS ratings showed a significant time by group interaction (Wilks' lambda = 0.81, F4,66 = 4.00, P = 0.007, partial eta squared = 0.19). Follow-up analyses showed a significant time by group effect for hunger (F1,69 = 9.56, P = 0.003, partial eta squared = 0.12), satiety (F1,69 = 5.23, P = 0.025, partial eta squared = 0.07), and desire to eat (F1,69 = 5.73, P = 0.02, partial eta squared = 0.08), but not for thirst. Post-meal analyses showed a significant group difference when controlling for total amount consumed (grams) and eating rate (grams/minute) (Wilks' lambda = 0.75, F4,64 = 5.24, P = 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.25). Follow-up post-meal analyses showed a significant group effect for satiety (F1,67 = 7.02, P = 0.01, partial eta squared = 0.10), but not for hunger, desire to eat or thirst. Thus, participants who had used the self-monitoring device reported reduced pre-meal hunger, increased satiety, and reduced desire to eat, as well as increased post-meal satiety, when compared to those who had not used the device. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the addition of a self-monitoring device to a weight loss intervention focused on reducing eating rate, decreasing energy density, and increasing energy expenditure may be beneficial. Funding Sources The Obesity Society.
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Agus Ruliyansyah, Yulisa Fitrianingsih, Lubena Hajar Velayati. "ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) BERDASARKAN SERAPAN GAS CO2 DI KOTA PONTIANAK." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah 1, no. 1 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v1i1.2105.
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ABSTRAKPeningkatan jumlah penduduk Kota Pontianak berdampak pada pengalihfungsian lahanbervegetasi menjadi area terbangun sehingga mengurangi luas Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) kota.Dampak yang paling nyata adalah berkurangnya kemampuan vegetasi menyerap CO2 sehingga CO2 yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas kota, baik dari konsumsi energi, perternakan, pertanian danaktivitas manusia terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghitung luaspenutupan lahan bervegetasi eksisting; (2) menghitung jumlah emisi karbondioksida yangdihasilkan oleh aktivitas kota saat ini; (3) menghitung luas RTH yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerapsisa emisi karbondioksida yang tidak terserap oleh tutupan lahan yang ada di Kota Pontianak.Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah interpretasi citra Landsat TM 7 tahun 2012dan Ikonos tahun 2008. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan emisi CO2 mengacu pada metode yangdikeluarkan oleh Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tahun 1996 mengenaiGuidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Workbook. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa luas tutupan lahan bervegetasi eksisting Kota Pontianak tahun 2012 adalah 3.351,21 haatau 29% dari luas total wilayah Kota Pontianak. Emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan Kota Pontianak darienergi (bahan bakar) sebesar 1.713.909 ton/tahun, ternak dengan jumlah emisi 284 ton/tahun,pertanian dengan jumlah emisi 10.692 ton/tahun, dan penduduk dengan jumlah emisi 192.824ton/tahun. Total emisi CO2 dari keempat sumber tersebut adalah 1.917.709 ton/tahun. Tingginyatingkat emisi CO2 yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak menyebabkan wilayah ini membutuhkanluasan RTH sebesar 5.962,2 ha atau sebesar 52% dari luas wilayah kota untuk menyerap seluruhemisi CO2 yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Karbondioksida, Pontianak, ruang terbuka hijau
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Koopsen, J., J. E. van Steenbergen, J. H. Richardus, et al. "Chronic hepatitis B and C infections in the Netherlands: estimated prevalence in risk groups and the general population." Epidemiology and Infection 147 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268819000359.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are usually asymptomatic for decades, thus targeted screening can prevent liver disease by timely diagnosis and linkage to care. More robust estimates of chronic HBV and HCV infections in the general population and risk groups are needed. Using a modified workbook method, the total number of ever chronically infected individuals in the Netherlands in 2016 was determined using population size and prevalence estimates from studies in the general and high-risk population. The estimated 2016 chronic HBV infection prevalence is 0.34% (low 0.22%, high 0.47%), corresponding to approximately 49 000 (low 31 000, high 66 000) HBV-infected individuals aged 15 years and older. The estimated ever-chronic HCV infection prevalence is 0.16% (low 0.06%, high 0.27%), corresponding to approximately 23 000 (low 8000, high 38 000) ever-chronic HCV-infected individuals. The prevalence of chronic HBV and HCV infections in the Netherlands is low. First-generation migrants account for most infections with 81% and 60% of chronic HBV and HCV infections, respectively. However, about one-fifth of HCV infections is found in the general population at low risk. This method can serve as an example for countries in need of more accurate prevalence estimates, to help the design and evaluation of prevention and control policies.