Journal articles: 'Milling machinery – Automation'

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Kiss, Márk, and Mátyás Andó. "Automatic Manufacturing Cell in Cyber-physical System." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 4 (2020): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.16623.

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Such manufacturing cells, that need to be able to produce high quantity and variety workpieces, the automatic workpiece handling is indispensable to stay in competition. A real manufacturing cell’s simulation in a cyber-physical system can help the decisions-making in the production, as we receive real data with the simulation of the scenarios. Our manufacturing cell consists of a 6-axis robot, 2 CNC milling machines and 4 conveyors. We tested 10 different scenarios, during which we analyzed the usage of the robot and the milling machines. By upgrading the tools, used for milling, we could reduce the cycle time of the workpieces. Furthermore, one more milling machine could be integrated into the cell due to the low usage of the robot or the speed of the robot could be lowered. Besides, filling the pallets with the same workpieces was the most effective way, however, with mixed workpieces we reached better results when we used optimization for cycle time. In these cases, reducing the order quantity to a daily amount did not cause any capacity reduction.

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Deng, Xiang Zhou, and Tao Xue. "Index Plate Special Milling Machine PLC Control System Design." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.540.

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This article describes a technique for the use of advanced PLC indexing plate milling machine tools for transformation of the program ; and describes the basic principles of PLC , PLC engineering steps. The system uses Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC as the control center , the entire system using PLC controlled hydraulic valves to achieve the grinding head , under the table up, down , hydraulic cylinders translocation, hydraulic cylinders reset function , enabling Rotary milling machine dedicated automation control system.

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H N, Sukanya. "Automation of Milling and Drilling Machine using PLC." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 1 (2020): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.1127.

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Yamamoto, Takamasa, Ryo Matsuda, Masatoshi Shindou, Toshiki Hirogaki, and Eiichi Aoyama. "Monitoring of Vibrations in Free-Form Surface Processing Using Ball Nose End Mill Tools with Wireless Tool Holder Systems." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 3 (2021): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0335.

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Monitoring technologies have attracted attention in the factory automation fields that rely on the Internet of Things (IoT). However, it is difficult to monitor the process information from a round machining tool during rotating operations. Therefore, we developed a novel tool holder equipped with a wireless communication function to monitor tool vibrations. In the present study, we attempt to measure the tool holder vibrations during ball nose end milling processes using the servo driving information for different machine tools. We demonstrate that, using the developed tool holder with a wireless system, it is feasible to improve the machined free form surface by considering the servo driving information.

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Wang, Xi, Hui Yu, and Wei Wu Zhong. "Acoustic Emission and Vibration Analysis of Process of Hard Dry Milling." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1915.

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The monitoring of hard dry milling process is a key issue for ensuring better use of machine-tool capability,Finding a appropriate sensor and signal process method which is sensitive to changes of machining condition,is an essential step towards hard milling automation and computer-integration pursuing high productivity of system and quality of its products. In this study,Sensorial information from relevant sensors(accelerometer and Acoustic emission (AE))is processed by the wavelet transform and wavelet package transform,the result show that AE signal is sensitive to changes of machining parameter(machining velocity) in hard dry milling,but the vibration (acceleration) signal make a slowness responses to this .

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Denkena, B., B. Bergmann, T. Lepper, et al. "Ein Roboter für die effiziente Zerspanung*/A robot for efficient milling operations - Cutting of carbon fibre reinforced plastics using a new machine kinematic." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 03 (2019): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-03-92.

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Kohlefaserverstärkte Kunststoffe werden verstärkt in der Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie in der Automobilindustrie eingesetzt, um durch Leichtbau die Energieeffizienz zu verbessern. Die spanende Nachbearbeitung dieser Teile ist besonders bei Funktionsflächen zwingend erforderlich und beeinflusst die Stückkosten wesentlich. Mit einer neu entwickelten Werkzeugmaschinenkinematik, einer von Beginn an berücksichtigten Absaugung sowie einem hohen Automatisierungsgrad sollen die Fertigungskosten gesenkt werden. &nbsp; In aerospace and automobile industry, fibre reinforced plastics are commonly used to reduce the energy consumption of vehicles and airplanes by means of lightweight construction. Functional surfaces on parts made of fibre reinforced plastics need to be machined by milling operations, which increases production costs per piece. Thus, a new cost-efficient machine tool has been developed with a built-in extraction and a high degree of automation.

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Qi, Feng Lian, Zhi Li Sun, and Min Zhao. "The Research of Automatic Measuring System on Stone Milling Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1005.

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The automatic measuring system of stone milling force is studied in the article. The columned diamond milling cutters are used to mill stone on NC milling machines. Through analyzing the milling force, the mathematic model is established. Combining the measuring force index, the experimental facility of the automatic measuring system is established and solving methods of the key problems on the software data acquisition is detailed. The system is utilized to measure three component force of milling, that is, horizontal force, vertical force and axial force. Reliable data is acquired. Finally the automatic acquisition of data and the drawing of curve are realized. The achievement of automatic measurement of stone milling force provides theory basis for the further research on the wearing characteristics of diamond cutters, cutting quality of stones and the optimizing of processing technological parameter etc.

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Skrypka, Kateryna, and Paolo Bosetti. "Application of Optimal Control Problem for Surface Roughness Improvement in Milling." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1217.

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This paper presents an improvement of the approach for increasing automation level of CNC machines by using a supervising controller that, for a given toolpath, tool geometry, and workpiece material, calculates the optimal sequence of controls. The developed system, based on three steps: process simulation, solution of the optimal control problem (OCP), and state reconstruction with state learning, is improved while reformulating the OCP by taking into account the surface roughness.

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Du, Juan, Xian Guo Yan, and Zhi Chen. "A Multi-Agent Based Tool Path Planning Method for STEP-NC Compliant Milling." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3382.

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Today a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, called STEP-NC, is being developed by the ISO technical Committees. It overcomes the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine motion, using the object-oriented concept of working step. Although the STEP-NC contains abundant geometry information of part and associated process parameters, the tool path is general not included in the STEP-NC program. So before the beginning of the STEP-NC-compliant CNC machining, the tool path should be firstly designed. By analyzing the characteristic of STEP-NC data model for milling, a working step-oriented tool path planning method for milling was proposed in this paper, and the distributed artificial intelligence methods, namely collaborative multi-agent was employed to accomplish tool path planning. Firstly a multi-agent architecture was constructed to allow multiple agents to work cooperatively to realize automation of tool path planning, and then, the function of every kind of agent and the communication between the agents were all described in detail. At last, one test component was designed and simulated to demonstrate the capabilities of this research in the paper.

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Yang, D. C. H., and Jui-Jen Chou. "Automatic Generation of Piecewise Constant Speed Motion with Smooth Transition for Multi-Axis Machines." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 2 (1994): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919417.

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This paper presents a general theory on generating a smooth motion profile for the coordinated motion of five-axes CNC/CMM machines. Motion with constat speed is important and required in many manufacturing processes, such as milling, welding, finishing, and painting. In this paper, a piecewise constant speed profile is constructed by a sequence of Hermite curves to form a composite Hermite curve in parametric domain. Given the continuity of acceleration in our proposed speed profile, it generates relatively better product quality than traditional techniques. We also provide a method for the feasibility study of manufacturing capability in terms of the given machine, the desired path, and the assigned speed. We consider machine dynamics, actuator limitation, path geometry, jerk constraints, and motion kinematics.

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Bąk, Piotr Andrzej, and Krzysztof Jemielniak. "Automatic experimental modal analysis of milling machine tool spindles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 230, no. 9 (2016): 1673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415623485.

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Li, Chen, Guang Kai Liu, and Hong Hui Wang. "Design of Automatic Programming Controller Based on Milling Feature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1428.

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An automatic programming controller system based on the milling processing feature was proposed in this paper. Firstly, through the analysis of milling feature and the relationship of that, a part milling machining feature model is established. Secondly, on this basis, the article introduced the XML files technology into the automatic programming system and designed structure of XML files for storing parts process and shape feature information. At last, this paper sets up the automatic programming controller system composed of the human-machine interface module; XML files access module and NC program algorithm module. The advantage of the controller is easy to maintain and upgrade and there is a certain practicality in machining.

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KAGAWA, Kiyoto. "Mechatronics Supporting Automation of Manufacturing. Application of Mechatronics for Rice Milling Machines." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 61, no. 7 (1995): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.61.931.

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Denkena, Berend, Jörn Ostermann, Jens Köhler, Tobias Mörke, and Benjamin Spitschan. "Product Identification by Machined Micro Patterns." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 6 (2013): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0735.

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Fast and secure component identification is one key requirement for automation technologies in manufacturing processes marked by high product diversity. In addition, critical or safety components have to be identified during maintenance even if exposed to harsh conditions during the time of operation. Furthermore, product specifications or information on its manufacturing process, commonly stored separately in databases or as a hardcopy, must be available at any point of the lifecycle. An advanced machining technology is presented, enabling to machine micro patterns carrying inherent data into the components surface. A piezo-electrically driven milling tool is shown, allowing for storage on face-milled components while employing productive machining parameters. The data can be retrieved fast and reliably by an optical readout method. Image processing algorithms allowing for the reconstruction of the stored information using a single monochrome camera image of the surface are presented.

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Brommer, H. P. "A Modular System for Milling and Boring Machines With Different Degrees of Automation." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 60, no. 3 (1988): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb036587.

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Iñigo, Beñat, Ander Ibabe, Gorka Aguirre, Harkaitz Urreta, and Luis Norberto López de Lacalle. "Analysis of Laser Tracker-Based Volumetric Error Mapping Strategies for Large Machine Tools." Metals 9, no. 7 (2019): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070757.

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The measurement and compensation of volumetric error in milling machines of medium and large size is a key aspect to meeting the precision requirements of the most demanding applications. There are several solutions for volumetric error measurement—usually based on laser or in calibrated artifacts—that offer different specifications and lead to a variety of levels of precision, complexity of implementation and automation, cost of equipment, and measurement time, amongst others. Therefore, it is essential to have tools that allow, in each case, analysis as to which is the optimal calibration strategy, providing the criteria for evaluating different measurement equipment and strategies. To respond to this need, several tools have been developed which are able to simulate the entire calibration and compensation process (machine, measurement, model adjustment, etc.) and apply optimization methods to find the best measurement strategy for each application. For a given machine architecture and expected error ranges, the compensation error for each strategy is obtained by propagating measurement uncertainties and expected machine errors through the measurement and compensation model fitting process by Monte Carlo simulations. The use of this tool will be demonstrated through the analysis of the influence of the main design parameters of a measurement strategy for the calibration of a 3-axis machine tool, based on the measurement of tool position with a laser tracker.

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von Ow, C., S. M. Ward, and J. Lynch. "Peat Compressibility: a Parameter for Automatic Depth Control of Milling Machines." Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 63, no. 4 (1996): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1996.0032.

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Nuvoli, S., A. Tola, A. Muntoni, N. Pietroni, E. Gobbetti, and R. Scateni. "Automatic Surface Segmentation for Seamless Fabrication Using 4‐axis Milling Machines." Computer Graphics Forum 40, no. 2 (2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.142625.

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Yan, Yi Long, Yan Chao Yin, Zhuang Xiong, and Lei Wu. "The Simulation and Optimization of Chain Tool Magazine Automatic Tool Change Process." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1758.

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In order to ensure processing quality and validate the accurary of macro program. VERICUT software was often used to achieve five-axis gantry milling machine automatic tool changer (ATC) of the whole process simulation.The results show that the validity of macro program is verified by NC simulation and the efficiency of NC simulation is improved. It provides a guide for the modeling and simulation of multi-axis CNC machine tools.

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Zhang, Shu Wei, Jian Qun Liu, Zhen Fei Lv, and Yang Xu. "Research and Development of the Stone Contour Automatic Processing." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.127.

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Accurate and automatic processing of the stone contour such as the straight line, circle and arc shape is achieved by CNC bridge cutting machine based on the GTS motion control card. Difficult problems of sawing curve contour have been solved with the method of the tool tangential following, in addition, high efficiency and high precision in milling procedure are ensured as a result of the velocity look-ahead. The operation of the automatic tool changer among saw tool, milling tool and grind tool in the machining process is achieved by the method of translating tool carrier. Selective processing of the stone contour is achieved by point selection or region selection, therefore, more flexible processing is realized. The highly automated and integrated processing of the stone contour is realized.

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Nazarov, Michail, and Evgeny Kiselev. "Milling of Thin Walled Components from Aluminum Alloys by Considering the Conditions of Rigidity and Automation Assignment Elements of a Cutting Mode on CNC Machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929701010.

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The work is devoted to the problems of manufacturing thinwalled parts of the aviation industry and instrument engineering on modern numerical control machines. The main reason of defects of such products -loss of dimensional accuracy is revealed. The reason for this is the elastic deformation of the workpiece during milling. A mathematical model for calculating the elastic pressing of a thin wall during milling is proposed. The method of checking the adequacy of the developed model with the help of engineering analysis system is presented. The minimum set of geometrical parameters of the processed element and the cutting tool necessary for search of the rational cutting mode was defined. A new approach to automation of this process present through the evaluation of all possible solutions. The calculation of the rational cutting mode was made taking into account the conditions of rigidity of the workpiece. Conclusions on the efficiency of the developed technique are made.

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Cheban, A. Y., and N. P. Khrunina. "AUTOMATION OF PROCESSES FOR DEVELOPING COMPLEX STRUCTURAL DEPOSITS WITH APPLICA TION OF MILLING MACHINES." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2019-4-1-167-176.

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The paper proposes a technological scheme for the development of the complex structure of the Oshurkovsky apatite deposit with the use of a rock cutter equipped with an automatic system for controlling the conditionality of rock mass and improved bucket loaders. With the help of an automatic system for controlling the conditionality of rock mass, the milled strips are differentiated into sections depending on the content of the useful component, by integrating the information from the sensors and obtaining average values along the width of the milling strip. The bucket of the loader is proposed to be equipped with a swivel for effective separation of the rock mass at the boundary of the sections and increasing the bucket filling factor.

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Liang, Yu Teng, and Yih Chih Chiou. "Micro-End-Milling Wear Automatic Inspection System Based on Effective Corner Detection Method." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1916.

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The objective of this study is to measure flank wear of dry milling 6061 aluminum alloy of different PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) multilayer coatings (including TiN, TiCN, and TiAlN) single edge rhombus micro-end-milling tools. All of the experiments were designed using the Taguchi method in order to obtain robust results. In order to realize the level of importance of each machining parameter, the L9(34) orthogonal array, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio were determined. The tool wear images are captured using a machine vision system incorporated with an effective corner detection algorithm. During the milling test, we fixed spindle speed at 6000 rpm and feed rate at 0.0125 mm/rev to investigate the correlation between side clearance angle and coating materials. The experimental results show that TiCN-coating mills generate minimum flank wear and longest tool life.

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Zeng, Min, Guang Hui Chen, Liang Hong Wei, and Shi Ming Cui. "Control System Design of a Novel Fan Shaft Sleeve Automatic Processing Machine." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.70.

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The fan shaft sleeve is a very important part of the fan-related machine and has high demand for precision. At present, due to the lack of machine that exclusively for sleeve processing at home, the sleeve production largely depends on manual labor which yields very low productivity. This paper introduces an automatic machine for fan shaft sleeve processing which introduces the Omron PLC as the hardcore of the control system. The machine proposed also includes a cam splitter. Controlled by motors, clutches and retarders, the splitter provides 6 stations for feeding, drilling, taping, milling, chamfer and discharging. Driven by 3 phases AC motors and air tanks, the machine can mange the fan shaft sleeve processing automatically and achieves high productivity and quality.

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Fukushima, Kaoru, and Hidetake Tanaka. "Development of inclined planetary milling machine with automatic tool axis inclination instrument." Procedia CIRP 77 (2018): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.208.

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Carpenter, I. D., and P. G. Maropoulos. "Automatic tool selection for milling operations Part 1: Cutting data generation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214, no. 4 (2000): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405001517667.

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The selection of tools and cutting data is a central activity in process planning and is often liable to an element of subjectivity. It is further complicated by the wide range of choice presented by the various operation types and the huge portfolio of cutters and inserts available from many different tool manufacturers. This paper describes a procedure to select consistently and efficiently tools for rough and finish milling operations performed on a computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining centre. A wide range of milling operations is considered, including faces, square shoulders, slots, T-slots, pockets, holes and profiles. An initial set of feasible tools is generated that satisfy the constraints of the tool type, the operation geometry, the insert geometry and carbide grade, the workpiece material and the machine tool capacity. Each tool consists of a holder and one or more indexable carbide inserts. Aggressive cutting data are generated for each feasible tool using a rapid search procedure in the permissible depth/width/feed space for good chip control. The cutting data are further refined by a set of technological constraints, which include tool life, surface finish, machine power and available spindle speeds and feeds. The overall cutting data optimization criterion is selected by the user from minimum cost, maximum production rate or predefined tool life. A new optimization criterion, called ‘harshness’, allows the user to influence the chip thickness that is achieved for any given cutter. Any feasible tools that fail to satisfy all the constraints and optimization criteria are discarded.

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Lu, Hong Mei, and Li Xin Zeng. "Predictive Method of Networked Control of Industrial Automation Systems." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.402.

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A New method for real-time prediction of uncertain network transmission time delay and the closed-loop control method through the network manufacturing and industrial plant are introduced. Put forward delay prediction method is based on the multilayer perceptron neural model. To reduce the amount of the first layer of neurons network, thus reducing the computational burden a real-time implementation, a method for the determination of Markov delay sequence order. Used to predict delay and a zero order equivalent discrete time model of the plant, a kind of time-varying state feedback control algorithm is put forward a strategy to obtain real-time update. The stability of the closed-loop switch sufficient conditions is derived using the theorem of linear system. It shows that the method studies of industrial network by two cases, i.e., a DC motor driven transport roll paper and a milling machine. Simulation study describes the effectiveness of the method to control these challenging problems.

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Chen, Feng, Liang Yao Gu, Yue Yang, and Chun Yang Jia. "Design and Realization of Helical Rotor NC Automatic Programming System." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1469.

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Helical rotor is a core component of helical-lobe compressor. Analysis was made on the geometrical properties of tooth curves. Using standard spherical milling cutter on 4-axis NC machine, normal migration method was used to rotor surface processing. Based on the generation characteristics of helical rotor surface, object-oriented design method is used to achieve automatic programming system of helical rotor. The calculation of helical rotor end face profile lines and cutter location point are realized, and over cutting analysis is carried out to generate high efficient numerical control processing program.

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Perini, Matteo, Paolo Bosetti, and Nicolae Balc. "Additive manufacturing for repairing: from damage identification and modeling to DLD." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 5 (2020): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2019-0090.

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Purpose This paper aims to decrease the cost of repairing operations, of the damaged mechanical components, by enabling the strong automation of the process and the reduction of manual labor. The main purpose of the hybrid repair process is to restore the original shape of the mechanical parts, by adding and removing material according to the mismatch between the damaged object and the virtual model, to restore its geometrical properties. Design/methodology/approach The DUOADD software tool translates the information collected from a 3D scanner into a digital computer aided design solid model, which can be manipulated through Siemens NX computer aided manufacturing (CAM), to obtain the tool paths, for the Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) technology. DUOADD uses octrees to effectively analyze the damaged region of the mechanical part and then to discretize the volume to be added to export CAM-compatible information as a 3D model, for additive operations. Findings DUOADD is the missing link between two valuable existing technologies, 3D scan and CAM for additive manufacturing, which can now be connected together, to perform automatic repairing. Research limitations/implications A trade-off between resolution and computational effort needs to be achieved. Practical implications DUOADD output is a STEP file, transferred to the CAM software to create the additive and the milling tool paths. The maximum deviation was 40 micrometers, as compared with the original solid model. Originality/value The paper presents a new procedure and new software tools (DUOADD), for the automation of damaged objects restoration process. DUOADD software provides suitable data for using a 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine equipped with a DLD tool.

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Prabhu, N., M. Dev Anand, and V. Sundar. "Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM System for Scorbot-ER Vu Plus Industrial Robot Manipulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.747.

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Robots are required to operate in different environmental conditions facing varieties of end-effector to perform the workspace interactions. This paper deals with integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system for SCORBOT-ER Vu plus Industrial robot manipulator. The DH (DenavitHartenberg) coordinate transformation method was used to perform the robot position analysis. The robot manipulator parametric solid models were constructed using Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E). Pro/Mechanica was used to simulate the dynamic simulation and working space, CATIA was used to implement the cutting simulation, and the prototype was manufactured using a CNC milling machine. Finally, a CAD/CAE/CAM integrated system for a robot manipulator was developed. This integrated system not only promotes automation capabilities for robot manipulator production, but also simplifies the CAD/CAE/CAM process for a robot manipulator.

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Elser, Anja, Steffen Teicht, and Armin Lechler. "Modellbasierte numerische Steuerung/Developing and implementing a control architecture for gravity die casting – Model-based numerical control." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 05 (2020): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-05-44.

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Numerische Steuerungen haben sich als entscheidendes Automatisierungselement in den Bereichen Drehen und Fräsen etabliert. Dabei ist ihre Fähigkeit essenziell, eine Trajektorie durch im Maschinencode gegebene Stützpunkte unter gegebenen Nebenbedingungen wie Dynamikgrenzen zu legen. Der Übertrag dieser Fähigkeit auf andere industrielle Prozesse ist vielversprechend. In diesem Beitrag wird vorgeschlagen, wie numerische Steuerungen verwendet werden können, um den Prozess des Schwerkraftmetallgießens zu automatisieren. &nbsp; Numerical controls have established themselves as a decisive automation element in the fields of turning and milling. Their ability to create a trajectory under given constraints such as dynamic limits based on control points given in the machine code, is essential here. The transfer of this capability to other industrial processes is promising. This paper proposes how to use numerical controls to automate the process of gravity die casting.

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Li, Tian Xing, Xiao Zhong Deng, Zhen Shan Gao, and Ju Bo Li. "System of Automatic Correction and Measurement for Hypoid Gears." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.155.

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The system of automatic correction and deviation measurement of hypoid gears is the basic platform for the digital closed-loop manufacturing technology. Based on the gear measuring center and the numerical controlled gear milling machine, a measurement and correction system is developed by the application of Visual C++ and Fortran. The architecture and the implement of the main modules are elaborated. Experiments and applications indicate that the tooth surface deviation can be effectively reduced by the system of automatic correction and measurement, and the stability of tooth surface precision and manufacturing quality is improved. It would provide the foundation for the digitalization of manufacture and quality control of hypoid gears.

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Bąk, Piotr Andrzej, and Krzysztof Jemielniak. "Apllication of automatic modal analysis in evaluation of millling machine spindles condition." Mechanik, no. 3 (March 2015): 191/101–191/108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.3.123.

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Upendran, V., and Anjan Kumar Dash. "Kinematic Analysis of a 2-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulator with Automated Selective Activation Mechanism to Avoid Singularities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.761.

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Parallel Manipulator has lot of applications in areas like flight/automobile simulators, earthquake simulators, milling machine, etc. Main disadvantage of parallel manipulator is the presence of singularities within the workspace. Due to this, entire workspace of a parallel manipulator cannot be used effectively. To overcome this disadvantage, an automated selective activation mechanism is proposed, designed and fabricated using solenoids, gear train and belt drive arrangement. By using this mechanism interior singularity are crossed and this enables the user to utilize the entire workspace. Selective activation mechanism with automation ability is designed in such a way that, depending on activation of solenoid, active joint of manipulator changes from one position to another, which subsequently changes the singularity curves. By changing active joint positions, 4 ways of operating manipulator are identified. For all type of operations, singularity curves are plotted using MATLAB.

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Martinov, G. M., R. A. Nezhmetdinov, and A. U. Kuliev. "Approach to implementing hardware-independent automatic control systems of lathes and lathe-milling CNC machines." Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ) 59, no. 2 (2016): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068799816020239.

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Wu, Xuefeng, Yahui Liu, Xianliang Zhou, and Aolei Mou. "Automatic Identification of Tool Wear Based on Convolutional Neural Network in Face Milling Process." Sensors 19, no. 18 (2019): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183817.

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Monitoring of tool wear in machining process has found its importance to predict tool life, reduce equipment downtime, and tool costs. Traditional visual methods require expert experience and human resources to obtain accurate tool wear information. With the development of charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor and the deep learning algorithms, it has become possible to use the convolutional neural network (CNN) model to automatically identify the wear types of high-temperature alloy tools in the face milling process. In this paper, the CNN model is developed based on our image dataset. The convolutional automatic encoder (CAE) is used to pre-train the network model, and the model parameters are fine-tuned by back propagation (BP) algorithm combined with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. The established ToolWearnet network model has the function of identifying the tool wear types. The experimental results show that the average recognition precision rate of the model can reach 96.20%. At the same time, the automatic detection algorithm of tool wear value is improved by combining the identified tool wear types. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, an experimental system is built on the machine tool. By matching the frame rate of the industrial camera and the machine tool spindle speed, the wear image information of all the inserts can be obtained in the machining gap. The automatic detection method of tool wear value is compared with the result of manual detection by high precision digital optical microscope, the mean absolute percentage error is 4.76%, which effectively verifies the effectiveness and practicality of the method.

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ZENG, Sheng. "Modeling Study of V-shaped Milling Unbalance Correction of Automatic Balancing Machine for Motor Armature." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 07 (2010): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.07.187.

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Jin, Xin, Biao Liu, Zhijing Zhang, and Zhongpeng Zheng. "Research on Automatic Processing Code Generation System Technology of Micro-Turning and milling combined Machine." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 563 (August 9, 2019): 032026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/563/3/032026.

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Tang, Zhi, Xinyu Jiang, Wenliang Zi, Xin Shen, and Die Zhang. "Automatic Data Collecting and Application of the Touch Probing System on the CNC Machine Tool." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635559.

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For realizing automatic data collecting of the touch probing system on the CNC machine tool and practicing the application technology of big data from the CNC machining process, a special NC program was developed on the Siemens 840D SL controller to record data with a defined text format, and they were uploaded onto the host computer automatically. With the help of DB management software in the host PC, data obtained were sent into the MES database regularly, and then automatic data collecting of manufacturing process information was realized. With the big data technology, three applications based on big data technology have been listed. They are duo active error detection on the probing system, geometrical accuracy monitoring, and management of the cutting parameter and tool life. Tests of cutting on the platen of an injection molding machine with a PAMA SR3000 floor-type CNC boring-milling machine proved that the new technology achieves its design objectives.

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Gribanov, A. "IMPROVEMENT OF AUTOMATION SYSTEMS OF THE PROCESS BONDING LUMBER FOR THE LENGTH." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-39-42.

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Resource conservation and reuse of wood processing waste in a modern market economy is of paramount importance. The technologies and technical equipment considered in the article are devoted to the process of splicing of short wood sections of lumber. The above stages of processing wood waste require optimally designed cutting cards for sawing raw materials in order to obtain the greatest yield of edged sawn timber. The studies of the method of manual cutting of wood defects considered in the article make it possible to determine the time spent on processing furniture blanks sent for subsequent splicing. Significant time is spent on inspection of lumber manually from four sides. The proposed optical method of wood flaw detection allows you to take into account the defects of the workpieces on four sides with the subsequent process of cutting them on the milling unit and automatic gluing along the length. It is proposed to use illuminated cameras, which are installed on four sides of the conveyor, as scanning elements. Photographs from the detectors are combined into a single three-dimensional map of the workpiece using special software and then transmitted in the form of control actions on the end face of the defect cutting line. Waste is automatically removed to the hopper by special pushing machines.

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Rahul, S. G., S. Kripa, and R. Chitra. "System Identification Based Controller Design for Friction Stir Welding Process During Joining of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (2020): 3293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9175.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process was initially implemented by modifying the milling machines. With the advancements in robotics and automation, movement along three primary axes are made controllable using computer integration. FSW being a temperature-dependent process, the temperature at the weld zone affects the weld quality since the microstructure is totally altered by the temperature variations. If welding is done at constant process parameters by ignoring the process disturbances, it would also result in undesirable material properties. From research studies, it is understood that tool pin position and spindle speed are significant process parameters contributing to heat generation during the joining process. In this study, an attempt is made to control the spindle speed of the rotating tool by measuring tool-workpiece interface temperature and vibrational disturbances during joining of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (Al-MMC) plates. The system model is estimated from the experimental data using the concept of system identification. Followed by, a Smith Predictor control scheme is developed and validated in a closed loop FSW system to examine the tensile strength.

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Liu, Xinyu, and Weihang Zhu. "Development of a fiber optical occlusion based non-contact automatic tool setter for a micro-milling machine." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 43 (February 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2016.04.002.

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Mejia-Ugalde, Mario, Miguel Trejo-Hernandez, Aurelio Dominguez-Gonzalez, Roque A. Osornio-Rios, and Juan P. Benitez-Rangel. "Directional morphological approaches from image processing applied to automatic tool selection in computer numerical control milling machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 227, no. 11 (2013): 1607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405413491402.

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Grassi, Silvia, Alessandra Marti, Davide Cascella, Sergio Casalino, and Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella. "Electric Drive Supervisor for Milling Process 4.0 Automation: A Process Analytical Approach with IIoT NIR Devices for Common Wheat." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041147.

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The milling industry envisions solutions to become fully compatible with the industry 4.0 technology where sensors interconnect devices, machines and processes. In this contest, the work presents an integrated solution merging a deeper understanding and control of the process due to real-time data collection by MicroNIR sensors (VIAVI, Santa Rosa, CA)—directly from the manufacturing process—and data analysis by Chemometrics. To the aim the sensors were positioned at wheat cleaning and at the flour blends phase and near infrared spectra (951–1608 nm) were collected online. Regression models were developed merging the spectra information with the results obtained by reference analyses, i.e., chemical composition and rheological properties of dough by Farinograph® (Brabender GmbH and Co., Duisburg, Germany), Alveograph® (Chopin, NG Villeneuve-la-Garenne Cedex, France) and Extensograph®.(Brabender GmbH and Co., Duisburg, Germany) The model performance was tested by an external dataset obtaining, for most of the parameters, RPRED higher than 0.80 and Root Mean Squares Errors in prediction lower than two-fold the value of the reference method errors. The real-time implementation resulted in optimal (100% of samples) or really good (99.9%–80% of samples) prediction ability. The proposed work succeeded in the implementation of a process analytical approach with Industrial Internet of Things near infrared (IIoT NIR) devices for the prediction of relevant grain and flour characteristics of common wheat at the industrial level.

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Sudianto, Agus, Zamberi Jamaludin, Azrul Azwan Abdul Rahman, Sentot Novianto, and Fajar Muharrom. "Automatic Temperature Measurement and Monitoring System for Milling Process of AA6041 Aluminum Aloy using MLX90614 Infrared Thermometer Sensor with Arduino." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 82, no. 2 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.2.114.

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Manufacturing process of metal part requires real-time temperature monitoring capability to ensure high surface integrity is upheld throughout the machining process. A smart temperature measurement and monitoring system for manufacturing process of metal parts is necessary to meet quality and productivity requirements. A smart temperature measurement can be applied in machining processes of conventional, non-conventional and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Currently, an infrared fusion based thermometer Fluke Ti400 was employed for temperature measurement in a machining process. However, measured temperature in the form of data list with adjustable time range setting is not automatically linked to the computer for continuous monitoring and data analysis purposes. For this reason, a smart temperature measurement system was developed for a CNC milling operation on aluminum alloy (AA6041) using a MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor operated by Arduino. The system enables data linkages with the computer because MLX90614 is compatible and linked to Microsoft Exel via the Arduino. This paper presents a work-study on the performance of this Arduino based temperature measurement system for dry milling process application. Here, the Arduino based temperature measurement system captured the workpiece temperature during machining of Aluminum Alloy (AA6041) and data were compared with the Fluke Ti400 infrared thermometer. Measurement results from both devices showed similar accuracy level with a deviation of ± 2 oC. Hence, a smart temperature measurement system was succeesfully developed expanding the scopes of current system setup.

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KIYOOKA, Ririko, Khusna DWIJAYANTI, and Hideki AOYAMA. "Development of Automatic System on Process Planning and NC Program Generation for Turning-Milling Machine Tool with Multi Turrets." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 83, no. 9 (2017): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.83.878.

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Nazarov, Mikhail V., and Evgeny S. Kiselev. "MILLING OF THIN WALLED COMPONENTS FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY CONSIDERING THE CONDITIONS OF RIGIDITY AND AUTOMATION ASSIGNMENT ELEMENTS OF A CUTTING MODE ON CNC MACHINES." Mining Equipement and Electromechanics 146, no. 6 (2019): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26730/1816-4528-2019-6-42-46.

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Van, Hung Pham, and Duong Nguyen Thuy. "Influence of relative humidity and air temperature on the stopping position of the automatic tool changer in a CNC machine when using a pneumatic cylinder." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 14n16 (2021): 2140013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400130.

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The automatic tool changer (ATC) in computerized numerical control (CNC) milling machine often uses pneumatic dynamic sources. Friction in the pneumatic cylinder affects the ATC’s stopping position; this friction depends on many factors, including the air environment’s relative humidity and temperature. This paper presents the results of research on the effects of relative humidity (RH) and air temperature (T) on the stopping position of an ATC using a pneumatic cylinder. Studies were conducted at temperatures of [Formula: see text]C, [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C and relative humidity values of 51%, 75% and 99% for different speeds of the pneumatic cylinder (30, 50 and 100 mm/s). The results show that when the humidity increases from 51% to 99% and the temperature increases from [Formula: see text]C to [Formula: see text]C, the friction force decreases. The friction force is related to the relative humidity and temperature of the air. Thus, the deviation of the ATC’s stopping position depends on the relative humidity and temperature of the area under investigation.

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Cabral, J. B., F. Ramos, S. Gurovich, and P. M. Granitto. "Automatic catalog of RR Lyrae from ∼14 million VVV light curves: How far can we go with traditional machine-learning?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038314.

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Context. The creation of a 3D map of the bulge using RR Lyrae (RRL) is one of the main goals of the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV) and VVV(X) surveys. The overwhelming number of sources undergoing analysis undoubtedly requires the use of automatic procedures. In this context, previous studies have introduced the use of machine learning (ML) methods for the task of variable star classification. Aims. Our goal is to develop and test an entirely automatic ML-based procedure for the identification of RRLs in the VVV Survey. This automatic procedure is meant to be used to generate reliable catalogs integrated over several tiles in the survey. Methods. Following the reconstruction of light curves, we extracted a set of period- and intensity-based features, which were already defined in previous works. Also, for the first time, we put a new subset of useful color features to use. We discuss in considerable detail all the appropriate steps needed to define our fully automatic pipeline, namely: the selection of quality measurements; sampling procedures; classifier setup, and model selection. Results. As a result, we were able to construct an ensemble classifier with an average recall of 0.48 and average precision of 0.86 over 15 tiles. We also made all our processed datasets available and we published a catalog of candidate RRLs. Conclusions. Perhaps most interestingly, from a classification perspective based on photometric broad-band data, our results indicate that color is an informative feature type of the RRL objective class that should always be considered in automatic classification methods via ML. We also argue that recall and precision in both tables and curves are high-quality metrics with regard to this highly imbalanced problem. Furthermore, we show for our VVV data-set that to have good estimates, it is important to use the original distribution more abundantly than reduced samples with an artificial balance. Finally, we show that the use of ensemble classifiers helps resolve the crucial model selection step and that most errors in the identification of RRLs are related to low-quality observations of some sources or to the increased difficulty in resolving the RRL-C type given the data.

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Lee, Benjamin Charles Germain. "Machine learning, template matching, and the International Tracing Service digital archive: Automating the retrieval of death certificate reference cards from 40 million document scans." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 3 (2018): 513–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy063.

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AbstractScattered throughout the International Tracing Service (ITS) digital archive, one of the largest and most heterogeneous collections of Holocaust-related material, are hundreds of thousands of reference cards to official death certificates recording a fraction of individuals who perished within concentration camps. These cards represent the most comprehensive collection of digital material pertaining to these death certificates issued by Sonderstandesamt Arolsen, a German civil registry office. However, the reference cards can only be found dispersed throughout the Central Name Index (CNI), ITS’s 46+ million-card finding aid that is indexed only by name. Consequently, aggregating the death certificate reference cards for research requires an intractable manual search. I adopt template matching and machine learning to automate the retrieval of these cards from the ITS digital archive. I demonstrate the efficacy of my method on a test set of 22,117 hand-classified cards, reporting 100% precision and 100% recall. Running this algorithm on 39,967,358 scans of cards from the CNI, I identify 312,183 death certificate reference cards in 13.75 days of elapsed real runtime on a personal computer with only a single, $600 Intel processor. Finally, I demonstrate that this approach can be generalized to many different card types within the CNI, showing great promise for application to other archives.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Milling machinery – Automation'

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