Relevant bibliographies by topics / Milling machinery – Calibration

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Milling machinery – Calibration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Milling machinery – Calibration"

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Mareš, Martin, Otakar Horejš, and Jan Hornych. "Thermal Error Minimization of a Turning-Milling Center with Respect to its Multi-Functionality." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0475.

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Achieving high workpiece accuracy is a long-term goal of machine tool designers. Many causes can explain workpiece inaccuracy, with thermal errors being the most dominant. Indirect compensation (using predictive models) is a promising thermal error reduction strategy that does not increase machine tool costs. A modeling approach using transfer functions (i.e., a dynamic method with a physical basis) has the potential to deal with this issue. The method does not require any intervention into the machine tool structure, uses a minimum of additional gauges, and its modeling and calculation speed are suitable for real-time applications that result in as much as 80% thermal error reduction. Compensation models for machine tool thermal errors using transfer functions have been successfully applied to various kinds of single-purpose machines (milling, turning, floor-type, etc.) and have been implemented directly into their control systems. The aim of this research is to describe modern trends in machine tool usage and focuses on the applicability of the modeling approach to describe the multi-functionality of a turning-milling center. A turning-milling center is capable of adequately handling turning, milling, and boring operations. Calibrating a reliable compensation model is a real challenge. Options for reducing modeling and calibration time, an approach to include machine tool multi-functionality in the model structure, model transferability between different machines of the same type, and model verification out of the calibration range are discussed in greater detail.
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Wang, Shih Ming, Han Jen Yu, Jih Pong Yang, and Da Fan Chen. "Development of an On-Machine Machining Error Measurement and Compensation System for Micro Milling Process." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.529.

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To further enhance the accuracy of a micro milling process, an effective error measurement method and error compensation method are necessary. An on-machine vision-based error measurement method integrating image re-constructive technology, camera pixel correction, and model comparison algorithm to provide the capability of non-contact measurement for micro-machined workpiece error was developed. With use of Canny Edge Detection algorithm and camera pixel calibration, the edge of the contour of a machined workpiece can be identified and used to re-construct the actual shape of the workpiece. The actual shape will then be compared to the theoretical shape of the workpiece. To prove the feasibility of the proposed methods and system, experiments were conducted. The results have shown the success of enhacing machining accuracy for a micro milling process.
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Rakhmanov, S. R., Yu G. Gulyaev, and S. V. Zdanevich. "The dynamics of the centreing mechanism of piercing mill mandrel of the pipe-rolling plant." Computer Modeling: Analysis, Control, Optimization 7, no. 1 (2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/2521-6406-2020-1-7-51-63.

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The paper presents the results of the vibrodiagnostics of a centering machine mechanism for holding piercing mill mandrel N1 of the pipe-rolling plant (PRP) 350. In the paper, it is established that vibration acceleration of a bearing roller lever of the centering machine mechanism for holding piercing mill mandrel during milling of an Æ282х50 mm shell, steel 20 reaches 5…12 m/s2, and of the upper roller’s vibration frequency is 33.3 Hz. The paper presents the results of the thickness measuring of the Æ282х50 shell, steel 20 after using the piercing mill N1 350. The results shows the distinctive influence of the dynamics of the milling holding mechanism rod. The system is put forth for calculating the energy-power parameters during the realization of the technical process for making shells of the required specifications in a piercing mill. The paper establishes the value of the milling axial resistance to the flow of the milled metal (taking the calibration values into account). The paper presents a refined system for making a dynamic model for the piercing bill milling holding mechanism rod with the milling calibration parameters taken fully included. A differential equation for the milling rod movement is made, specifically for the dynamic model of the PRP piercing mill mechanical system. The dynamic values of the mechanical system are refined, which is used as a starting point for solving the tasks dealing with the analysis of the PRP piercing mill milling rod’s vibroactivity state. In order to decrease rod vibroactivity levels, the paper recommends choosing rational milling calibration and to set the shell milling modes using mechanical system dynamics modelling during the corresponding stages of the design of technological processes. The paper pro-poses a scheme for modernization of the PRP 350 piercing bill exit side by switching the centering machine rod system holding bridges gear to proportional hydraulics. Keywords: piercing mill, vibration diagnostics, thickness measurement, piercing, sleeve; difference in wall thickness, energy-power parameters, calibration, mandrel, vibroactivity, dynamics, mandrel retention mechanism.
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Mares, M., and O. Horejs. "ENHANCEMENT OF SPECIALISED VERTICAL TURNING LATHE ACCURACY THROUGH MINIMISATION OF THERMAL ERRORS DEPENDING ON TURNING AND MILLING OPERATIONS." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 4512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_7_2021053.

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Achieving high workpiece accuracy is a long-term goal of machine tool designers. There are many causes of workpiece inaccuracy, with thermal errors being the most dominant. Indirect compensation (using predictive models) is a promising strategy for reducing thermal errors without increasing machine tool cost. A modelling approach using thermal transfer functions (a dynamic method with a physical basis) embodies the potential to deal with this issue. The method does not require interventions into the machine tool structure, uses a minimum of additional gauges and its modelling and calculation speed is suitable for real-time applications with fine results with up to 80% thermal error reduction. Advanced machine tool thermal error compensation models have been successfully applied on various kinds of single-purpose machines (milling, turning, floor-type, etc.) and implemented directly into their control systems. This research reflects modern trends in machine tool usage and as such is focused on the applicability of the modelling approach to describe specialised vertical turning lathe versatility. The specialised vertical turning lathe is adequately capable of carrying out turning and milling operations. Calibration of the reliable compensation model is a real challenge. The applicability of the approach during immediate switching between turning and milling operations is discussed in more detail.
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Iñigo, Beñat, Ander Ibabe, Gorka Aguirre, Harkaitz Urreta, and Luis Norberto López de Lacalle. "Analysis of Laser Tracker-Based Volumetric Error Mapping Strategies for Large Machine Tools." Metals 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070757.

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The measurement and compensation of volumetric error in milling machines of medium and large size is a key aspect to meeting the precision requirements of the most demanding applications. There are several solutions for volumetric error measurement—usually based on laser or in calibrated artifacts—that offer different specifications and lead to a variety of levels of precision, complexity of implementation and automation, cost of equipment, and measurement time, amongst others. Therefore, it is essential to have tools that allow, in each case, analysis as to which is the optimal calibration strategy, providing the criteria for evaluating different measurement equipment and strategies. To respond to this need, several tools have been developed which are able to simulate the entire calibration and compensation process (machine, measurement, model adjustment, etc.) and apply optimization methods to find the best measurement strategy for each application. For a given machine architecture and expected error ranges, the compensation error for each strategy is obtained by propagating measurement uncertainties and expected machine errors through the measurement and compensation model fitting process by Monte Carlo simulations. The use of this tool will be demonstrated through the analysis of the influence of the main design parameters of a measurement strategy for the calibration of a 3-axis machine tool, based on the measurement of tool position with a laser tracker.
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Mancisidor, Iker, Xavier Beudaert, Gorka Aguirre, Rafael Barcena, and Jokin Munoa. "Development of an Active Damping System for Structural Chatter Suppression in Machining Centers." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0642.

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The presence of chatter vibrations is one of the main limitations of machining processes in terms of productivity, as they prevent obtaining the required surface finishes and decrease the life of tools and the mechanical elements of the machine. The use of active dampers governed by a control strategy permits an increase in structural damping without significantly changing the machine design. The main objective of this study is to improve the dynamic capabilities of the machine, and to increase the chatter-free region. This objective is achieved by the addition of an electromagnetic actuator located as close as possible to the cutting point. The electromechanical design of the actuator is described, and a novel double flexure guarantees a constant gap between the moving magnets and the coils. This smart mechatronic system allows the introduction of new additional functions: process and machine monitoring, chatter avoidance by spindle speed modification, and machine dynamics calibration. All of these functions enhance standard milling machines.
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Subagio, Dalmasius Ganjar, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Hendri Maja Saputra, Ahmad Rajani, and Kadek Heri Sanjaya. "Three axis deviation analysis of CNC milling machine." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 10, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2019.v10.93-101.

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The manufacturing technology has developed rapidly, especially those intended to improve the precision. Consequently, increasing precision requires greater technical capabilities in the field of measurement. A prototype of a 3-axis CNC milling machine has been designed and developed in the Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCEPM-LIPI). The CNC milling machine is driven by a 0.4 kW servo motor with a spindle rotation of 12,000 rpm. This study aims to measure the precision of the CNC milling machine by carrying out the measurement process. It is expected that the CNC milling machine will be able toperform in an optimum precision during the manufacturing process. Accuracy level testing is done by measuring the deviations on the three axes namely X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, as well as the flatness using a dial indicator and parallel plates. The measurement results show the deviation on the X-axis by 0.033 mm, the Y-axis by 0.102 mm, the Z-axis by 0.063 mm, and the flatness of the table by 0.096 mm, respectively. It is confirmed that the deviation value is within the tolerance standard limits set by ISO 2768 standard. However, the calibration is required for this CNC milling machine to achieve more accurate precision. Furthermore, the design improvement of CNC milling machine and the application of information technology in accordance with Industry 4.0 concept will enhance the precision and realibility.
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Lian, Meng, Hai Bo Liu, Yong Qing Wang, Yang Li, Xian Jun Sheng, and Ying Wei Ying. "A Surface Normal On-Machine Measuring Method Using Eddy-Current (EC) Sensor Array." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 6 (November 4, 2016): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0977.

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Normal vector measurements of the machining point and attitude adjustments of the end effector are key aspects to meet the technological requirements of hole verticality in auto-drilling and the residual wall thickness in mirror milling. In this paper, a surface normal on-machine measuring method using an EC sensor array is proposed. The influences of the object surface inclination and the sensor array arrangement on the performance of EC displacement sensors were investigated, and the sensor measuring errors from coupling interference were effectively eliminated. Moreover, a practical calibration algorithm was established in which the positions of the EC sensors in a normal vector calculation model were accurately corrected. The feasibility of the measuring method was validated through a calibration experiment, as well as a measurement experiment based on the calibration results. The accuracy of a normal vector measurement is improved when applying the accuracy compensation and position calibration algorithm of an EC array to engineering practices.
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Wang, Li-Ping, Fu-Gui Xie, Xin-Jun Liu, and Jinsong Wang. "Kinematic calibration of the 3-DOF parallel module of a 5-axis hybrid milling machine." Robotica 29, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574710000433.

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SUMMARYThis paper investigates the kinematic calibration of a 3-DOF parallel mechanism based on the minimal linear combinations of error parameters. The error mapping function between the geometric errors and the output errors is formulated and the identification matrix is generated and simplified. In order to identify the combinations of error parameters, four theorems to analyze the columns of the simplified identification matrix are introduced. Then, an anti-disturbance index is presented to evaluate the identification performance. On the basis of this index, measurement strategy is developed and optimal measuring configurations are given. After external calibration, linear interpolation compensation is applied to improve the terminal accuracy further. Results of experiment show that the method used in this paper is effective and efficient, and the errors are convergent within two iterations generally. This method can be extended to other parallel mechanisms with weakly nonlinear kinematics.
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Pavlovčič, Urban, Peter Arko, and Matija Jezeršek. "Simultaneous Hand–Eye and Intrinsic Calibration of a Laser Profilometer Mounted on a Robot Arm." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041037.

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A method for simultaneous laser profilometer and hand–eye calibration in relation to an industrial robot as well as its implementation is presented. In contrast to other methods, the new calibration procedure requires the measurement of only one reference geometry to calculate all the transformation parameters. The reference geometry is measured with a laser profilometer from 15 different poses. The intrinsic parameters of the profilometer, as well as the extrinsic (hand–eye) parameters, are then numerically optimized to achieve the minimum deviation between the reference and the measured geometry. The method was characterized with experiments that revealed a standard deviation of the displacements between the reference geometry after the calibration of less than 0.105 mm in the case of using the robot-arm actuator and 0.046 mm in case of using a 5-axis CNC milling machine. The entire procedure, including measurement and calculation, can be completely automated and lasts less than 10 min. This opens up possibilities for regular on-site recalibration of the entire system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Milling machinery – Calibration"

1

Tsuge, Noritaka. "The effects of the first break roller mill differentials and speeds." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27565.

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Conference papers on the topic "Milling machinery – Calibration"

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Khan, Abdul Wahid, and Wuyi Chen. "Calibration of CNC milling machine by direct method." In International Conference of Optical Instrument and Technology, edited by Shenghua Ye, Guangjun Zhang, and Jun Ni. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807066.

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Chuang, Tung-Jui, Chih-Kai Yang, and Shana Smith. "An Augmented Reality-Based Training System for Manual Milling Operations." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97844.

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Abstract This study created an AR-based training system for manual milling machine operation. Users can operate a full-size virtual milling machine with their natural operating behavior, without additional worn or handheld devices. An Intel RealSense R200 camera was used to get the images and the depth information of the real world scenes. A Leap Motion controller was used to track user’s hand motion. Both Intel RealSense R200 and Leap Motion were mounted on an Oculus Rift head-mounted display so that users can freely walk around in the augmented environment to operate the virtual milling machine. A calibration method was developed to solve the dynamic occlusion problem in real time to increase the realism and immersiveness of the system. The system provided a safe learning-by-doing training environment, which was expected to enhance users’ learning effect and reduce accidents. User test results showed that the system was robust and helpful in improving user learning experience in manual milling machining operation.
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Mocellin, M., M. Fedel, L. Cocola, R. Casarin, and L. Poletto. "Optical system for the calibration and verification of correct axis positioning in medium-big sized milling boring machines." In SPIE Optical Metrology, edited by Peter Lehmann, Wolfgang Osten, and Armando Albertazzi Gonçalves. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2184620.

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Roth, John T., Laine Mears, Dragan Djurdjanovic, Xiaoping Yang, and Thomas Kurfess. "Quality and Inspection of Machining Operations: Review of Condition Monitoring and CMM Inspection Techniques — 2000 to Present." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31221.

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In order to consistently produce quality parts, many aspects of the manufacturing process must be carefully monitored, controlled, and measured. The methods and techniques by which to accomplish these tasks has been the focus of numerous studies in recent years. With the rapid advances in computing technology, the complexity and overhead that can be feasibly incorporated in any developed technique has dramatically improved. Thus, techniques that would have been impractical for implementation just a few years ago can now be realistically applied. This rapid growth has resulted in a wealth of new capabilities for improving part and process quality and reliability. In this paper, overviews of recent advances that apply to machining are presented. Moreover, due to the relative significance of two particular machining aspects, this review focuses specifically on research publications pertaining to using tool condition monitoring and coordinate measurement machines to improve the machining process. Tool condition has a direct effect on part quality and is discussed first. The application of tool condition monitoring as it applies to turning, drilling, milling, and grinding is presented. The subsequent section provides recommendations for future research opportunities. The ensuing section focuses on the use of coordinate measuring machines in conjunction with machining and is subdivided with respect to integration with machining tools, inspection planning and efficiency, advanced controller feedback, machine error compensation, and on-line tool calibration, in that specific order and concludes with recommendations regarding where future needs remain.
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Lee, Kang B., Eugene Y. Song, and Peter S. Gu. "A Sensor Model for Enhancement of Manufacturing Equipment Data Interoperability." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88726.

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Sensors can provide real-time production information to optimize manufacturing processes in a factory. Recently, more attention has been paid to the application of sensors in smart manufacturing systems. Sensor data exchange, sharing, and interoperability are challenges for manufacturing equipment monitoring in smart manufacturing. Standardized sensor data formats and communication protocols can help to solve these problems. MTConnect is an open, free, extensible protocol for the data exchange between monitoring applications and shop floor devices which include machine tools, sensors, and actuators. This paper introduces a sensor model for MTConnect to enhance manufacturing equipment data interoperability. The sensor model defines a Sensor and SensorChannel, as well as an interface to access the Sensor and its SensorChannels, which include sensing element, calibration, signal conditioning, and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) information. The sensor model has been implemented in a virtual milling machine with a built-in sensor. Two case studies of MTConnect Probe and Sample requests for sensor information are provided to verify the sensor model.
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Syed, Shaul Hameed, and K. Rameshkumar. "Construction of a Low Cost Cutting Tool Dynamometer and Static Calibration of Measuring Cutting Force in a CNC Milling Machine." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-28-1931.

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