Academic literature on the topic 'Milling machines][Component production'
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Journal articles on the topic "Milling machines][Component production"
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Moravčíková, Jana, and Peter Pokorný. "Design of Complex Component for Determination of a CNC Milling Machines Accuracy." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.22.
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The article is focused on the design of complex component to determine competence CNC milling machines designed to produce shapes with geometric tolerances by observing the shape, orientation and position of the standard EN ISO 1101. 3D model of a technological process for the production of complex components, it will contain the complete design of tools and cutting parameters for individual milling strategy, select clamping and workpiece material, a preview of the generated routing strategies and paths cut surface after each of their simulated. For milling machines with the so-called measurement system for machine OMM (On Machine Measurement), the proposal for a comprehensive parts serve as a reference in determining the accuracy of their measurements of geometric and dimensional tolerances. The main activity of systems OMM is the replace of the tool clamped in the spindle of milling machines with special touch probe which senses by the touch surface contours of produced parts.
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Qosim, Nanang, and Mohammad Hartono. "Machining time and number of machine for the production planning of wheel nut releaser with the demand of 100 units/day." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i1.pp8-13.
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The impact of competition in the industry has driven people to improve the effectiveness of production process. One of the main factors supporting that effectiveness is the good planning of both the need and the number of machines. The aim of this study is to estimate the machining times to determine the number of machines to manufacture 100/day of the nut releaser tool for car wheel. The result shows that the need of the number of machines to manufacture each component of the nut releaser tool for car wheel are 7 units of power hacksaw, 27 units of lathe machine, 8 units of drilling machine, 12 units of milling machine, 2 units of EDM machine and 25 units of bench work.
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Kiswanto, Gandjar, Poly Poly, and Yolanda Rudy Johan. "Toolpath strategies and management to optimize energy consumption on 3-axis CNC milling machine." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702054.
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CNC milling machine is a production machine which widely used to manufacture many kinds of products. In the process of milling machining, the time needed to produce a component must be as minimum as possible to minimize the costs and its impacts on the environment. One of energy consumptions used in CNC milling machines is to supply electric motors for each axis of motions. Cutting energy consumption can be minimized by optimizing the cutting parameters, such as the cutting toolpath. Modelling and comparing the total energy consumption of the cutting process from different cutting toolpaths and strategies are important in selecting the right toolpath that has the smallest energy consumption. To achieve this goal, this study models the energy consumption during the cutting process. The model is then used to evaluate and compare different cutting toolpaths from different cutting strategies. Three prismatic and one sculptured part were used to examine the model of cutting energy consumption. A Graphical User Interface is also developed to simplify the comparison and evaluation process. Through this process it will be possible to predict energy consumption in the cutting toolpath and hence enable the selection of the right toolpath to reduce energy consumption in machining.
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Grobelny, Paweł, Lukasz Furmanski, Jolanta B. Krolczyk, and Stanisław Legutko. "Comparison of the Assembly Line and Cell Assembly - A Case Study in Mechanical Engineering Company." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1331.
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The paper compares the assembly process of milling machine using two systems: cell system and production line which was introduced after the changes in the machine assembly system of the company. Assembly in both systems takes place in the SKD (semi-knocked-down) system, which consists of assembly finished, large parts of the machine (higher completeness units) imported into the country of installation. The illustrated example presents advantages and disadvantages of assembly of milling machines in two systems: cell assembly and on the assembly line. In this example, the employees in each cells conducted assembly of machines divided into stages, which was dependent on the supply of items in the designated field by warehouse workers. Warehouse department receives a signal at what stage the assembly process is and whether the delivery of certain items is necessary. The assembly system was reorganized and replaced by the assembly line. This assembly, as previously cell assembly, is carried out in SKD system, which is a partially exploded into components. Previously assembly method took place in three stages. After the change to the assembly line this process takes 14 steps.
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Solf, Mareike, Rafael Bieker, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Thomas Bergs. "Influence of the machining strategy on the resulting properties of five-axis hard-milled bevel gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (March 2, 2019): 7358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219834590.
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On universal milling machines, bevel gears can be produced with standard end mills. Due to the flexible process kinematics, there are fewer restrictions with regard to implementable component geometries compared to conventional gear-cutting processes. The quality requirements for bevel gears allow deviations of only a few micrometers. For this reason, small production-related deviations can lead to the exceedance of the permissible tolerances. Furthermore, surface integrity is decisive for the load-carrying capacity of gears. In this report, the influence of the process on the bevel gear quality and the properties of the near surface zone is analyzed.
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Schroepfer, Dirk, Kai Treutler, Andreas Boerner, Rene Gustus, Thomas Kannengiesser, Volker Wesling, and Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs. "Surface finishing of hard-to-machine cladding alloys for highly stressed components." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 114, no. 5-6 (March 29, 2021): 1427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06815-y.
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AbstractThe supply and processing of materials for highly stressed components are usually cost-intensive. Efforts to achieve cost and resource efficiency lead to more complex structures and contours. Additive manufacturing steps for component repair and production offer significant economic advantages. Machining needs to be coordinated with additive manufacturing steps in a complementary way to produce functional surfaces suitable for the demands. Regarding inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as production-related stresses, a great deal of knowledge is still required for efficient use by small- and medium-size enterprises, especially for the interactions of subsequent machining of these difficult-to-machine materials. Therefore, investigations on these influences and interactions were carried out using a highly innovative cost-intensive NiCrMo alloy (IN725). These alloys are applied for claddings as well as for additive component manufacturing and repair welding using gas metal arc welding processes. For the welded specimens, the adequate solidification morphology, microstructure and property profile were investigated. The machinability in terms of finishing milling of the welded surfaces and comparative analyses for ultrasonic-assisted milling processes was examined focussing on surface integrity. It was shown that appropriate cutting parameters and superimposed oscillating of the milling tool in the direction of the tool rotation significantly reduce the mechanical loads for tool and workpiece surface. This contributes to ensure a high surface integrity, especially when cutting has to be carried out without cooling lubricants.
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Bałon, Paweł, Edward Rejman, Robert Smusz, Janusz Szostak, and Bartłomiej Kiełbasa. "Implementation of high speed machining in thin-walled aircraft integral elements." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0021.
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Abstract High speed milling (HSM) is currently one of the most important technologies used in the aviation industry, especially concerning aluminium alloys. The difference between HSM and other milling techniques is the ability to select cutting parameters – depth of the cut layer, feed rate, and cutting speed, in order to simultaneously ensure high quality, precision of the machined surface, and high machining efficiency, all of which shorten the manufacturing process of the integral components. By implementing the HSM technology, it is possible to manufacture very complex integral thin-walled aerial parts from the full quantity of the raw material. At present, aircraft structures are designed to mainly consist of integral elements which have been produced by welding or riveting of component parts in technologies utilized earlier in the production process. Parts such as ribs, longitudinals, girders, frames, coverages of fuselage and wings can all be categorized as integral elements. These parts are assembled into larger assemblies after milling. The main aim of the utilized treatments, besides ensuring the functional criterion, is obtaining the best ratio of strength to construction weight. Using high milling speeds enables economical manufacturing of integral components by reducing machining time, but it also improves the quality of the machined surface. It is caused by the fact that cutting forces are significantly lower for high cutting speeds than for standard machining techniques.
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Abbas, Adel Taha, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Ivan Nikolaevich Erdakov, Tadeusz Mikolajczyk, Mahmoud Sayed Soliman, and Magdy Mostafa El Rayes. "Optimization of cutting conditions using artificial neural networks and the Edgeworth-Pareto method for CNC face-milling operations on high-strength grade-H steel." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 105, no. 5-6 (October 19, 2019): 2151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04327-4.
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Abstract Computer Numerical Control (CNC) face milling is commonly used to manufacture products from high-strength grade-H steel in both the automotive and the construction industry. The various milling operations for these components have key performance indicators: accuracy, surface roughness (Ra), and machining time for removal of a unit volume min/cm3 (Tm). The specified surface roughness values for machining each component is achieved based on the prototype specifications. However, poor adherence to specifications can result in the rejection of the machined parts, implying extra production costs and raw material wastage. An algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Edgeworth-Pareto method is presented in this paper to optimize the cutting parameter in CNC face-milling operations. The set of parameters are adjusted to improve surface roughness and minimal unit-volume material removal rates, thereby reducing production costs and improving accuracy. An ANN algorithm is designed in Matlab, based on a 3–10-1 Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which predicts the Ra of the workpiece surface to an accuracy of ± 5.78% within the range of the experimental angular spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. An unprecedented Pareto frontier for Ra and Tm was obtained for the finished grade-H steel workpiece using an ANN algorithm that was then used to determine optimized cutting conditions. Depending on the production objective, one or the other of two sets of optimum machining conditions can be used: the first one sets a minimum cutting power, while the other sets a maximum Tm with a slight increase (under 5%) in milling costs.
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Singh, Er Sher. "Investigation on Surface Roughness during Milling of AL-61 Machining under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36483.
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In modern production industries, main focus is on high productivity with best surface finish. For this purpose use of cutting fluid in machining of component plays major role in controlling the surface finish of components. The cutting fluids are generally applied continually during machining i.e. wet or flooded machining. The dry machining yields poor surface finish and less tool life whereas wet machining results in better surface finish as well as longer tool life. But continuous lubrication involves very large amount of consumption of cutting fluids which cause health hazards of machining operator and ill effects on environment. Moreover, continuous lubrication contributes to increase in total production cost of product. Hence, the Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL) is needed nowadays which works with less amount of cutting fluid (100-1000ml/hr) with pressurized air (as mist form) as compare wet machining (amount of cutting fluid 400-500L/hr approx.). The study focus on comparison of surface roughness behavior of AL-6061 under different lubrication conditions i.e. Dry, Wet and MQL. The experimental work performed on CNC milling machine involving cutting parameters feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut as input parameters, where surface roughness and microstructure of specimens were observed as output parameters in the experiment. The machined components under different conditions i.e. DCM (dry cutting machining), MQL (minimum quantity lubrication), WCM (wet cutting machining) were examined for surface roughness using R-10 surface roughness tester whereas microstructure analysis was done using optical microscope. For given cutting parameters at 2000RPM spindle speed, 200mm/min. feed rate and it is found that better result of MQL from the dry machining and nearest of wet machining.
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Barragan, German, Fabio Mariani, and Reginaldo Coelho. "Ti6Al4V Thin Walls Production using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) Process." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.03.2021.03.
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One of the main applications of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is the production of thin-wall structures, where it has significant advantages over traditional milling and machining techniques, or even welded analogues. These kinds of structures are frequently employed in aerospace components, field where titanium alloys have a primary role to play. Amongst them, the most employed is the Ti6Al4V with an alpha + beta alloy containing 6% Aluminium (Al) and 4% Vanadium (V). It has an excellent combination of strength and toughness along with excellent corrosion resistance. For the study hereby, thin-wall structures were constructed employing a Laser Directed Energy Deposition machine (L-DED), working with powder material. Analyse identified some microstructural and mechanical characteristics, thorough metallographic study, wear test (micro-adhesive) and micro hardness test. Finding a grain refined structure with competitive mechanical properties compared to materials manufactured by traditional processes. Results positioning DED as an attractive manufacturing technology, with a huge potential to improve costs and material usage, besides almost no restriction on component shape.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Milling machines][Component production"
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Zlámal, Pavel. "Projekt lehké obrobny v TOS Kuřim - OS, a.s. - frézařské pracoviště." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227971.
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The main theme of my thesis is a design of project the organization a light machinery production in TOS Kuřim – OS, a.s. – for production prismatic parts to the materialiaty 250 kg of milling. The thesis concentrates mainly on a formal process of the design eworkplaces. First part of the thesis comprises of general introduction of design project of workshop and using methods projecting of wokshops, ergonomics parameters and organization of machines. In the follow-on charter is effected description status quo prodiction of prismatic parts and proposal make-up freesia workplaces. To choice variant is created common load evaluation workplace, documentation and evaluation contribution.
Books on the topic "Milling machines][Component production"
Book chapters on the topic "Milling machines][Component production"
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Thanh, Bui Trung, Le Anh Duc, and Nguyen Phi Truong An. "Study on the Production Formula Establishment of Multi-component Pellets from Sawdust and Food Plastic Waste." In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020), 710–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69610-8_95.
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Favi, Claudio, Marco Marconi, Marta Rossi, and Federica Cappelletti. "Product Eco-Design in the Era of Circular Economy: Experiences in the Design of Espresso Coffee Machines." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 194–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_31.
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AbstractProduct eco-design includes several methodologies aimed at supporting companies in the development of sustainable products. Currently, this theme is assuming an important role in both the academia and industry worlds due to the increasing attention to environmental problems and the need for a transition toward circular economy business/organizational models. In this context, the present paper focuses on the industrial sector of espresso coffee machines manufacturing which has several unexploited potentialities. The analysis of the sector specificity (internal and external contexts), as well as of the product lifecycle allowed to define an eco-design framework to guide companies involved in the design and production of espresso coffee machines. Effective eco-design strategies should include the combined use of specific methods, tools and metrics to manage all the most important lifecycle phases (beginning of life, middle of life, end of life) during the design activities in order to set preventive actions that avoid future potential environmental impacts. Only in this way, the environmental and economic benefits of the circular economy paradigm (e.g. remanufacturing/reuse of selected components) can be practically exploited in real industrial contexts. The presented case studies confirmed that the application of design for disassembly rules positively contributes to increase the product performances during maintenance and end of life, while a re-design oriented to component modularity could be a key strategy to pursue remanufacturing for boilers, a key and expensive component included in espresso coffee machines.
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Gecevska, Valentina, Mikloaj Kuzinovski, Franc Čuš, and Mite Tomov. "Comparative Mathematical Modelling of Cutting Tool Wear and Cutting Tool Life Prediction for Two Milling Machines." In Advances in Production and Industrial Engineering, 107–20. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-028-8.7.
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Lienhard, John H. "Systems, Design, and Production." In The Engines of Our Ingenuity. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135831.003.0014.
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No technology can be reduced to one invention or even to a cluster of inventions. The smallest component of any device, something so small as a screw, represents a long train of invention. Somebody conceived of a lever, someone else thought of a ramp, another person dreamed up a circular staircase. The simple screw thread merges all of those ideas, and it followed all of them. A contrivance made of more than one part is a system woven from those parts. Take a pair of scissors. It consists of just three correlated members—two blades with handles on one end and the bolt that holds them together. Each part represents a skein of invention, and the whole is a device with an efficacy that we would normally not see in the parts alone. System is a word that takes on new overtones in the modern engineering vocabulary. Yet the modern sense of the word is no different from the dictionary definition, “an assemblage with correlated members.” As machines become more complex, however, their systemic characters become increasingly important in the processes of conceiving, designing, and producing them. But the systemic nature of technology does not end with the particular device. Think for a minute about automobiles. An automobile engine is a large, complex system in itself, but it cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the car. The engine, radiator, transmission, brakes, airconditioning, suspension, and much more all act in concert to get you to work or to play. And the systemic character does not stop there. The automobile interacts with life around it. Questions of service, noise, air pollution, parking, and pedestrian safety all come to rest on the shoulders of automobile makers. That particular assemblage of correlated members reaches even beyond the automobile and its immediate infrastructure. The finished automobile reshapes the society in which it moves. The layout of cities, the design of homes, and even the scaling of the nuclear family have been shaped to this exceedingly complex technology, and that process of change continues still.
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Tič, Vito, and Darko Lovrec. "An Embedded Online Hydraulic Fluid CM and RUL-System for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Machines." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 301–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2725-2.ch014.
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Production machines and devices, especially those that operate continuously in multi-shift operation or are critical for the production process, must be equipped with an intelligent condition monitoring system for critical machine components. This is the only way to ensure high availability and prevent downtimes in critical phases of the production processes, affecting customer delivery times. This has become especially important in the context of the strategy Industry 4.0, wherein information technology, telecommunications, and manufacturing are united when the means of production are becoming more independent. This also applies to hydraulic fluid, an important component of most heavy machinery. The chapter presents the design and advantages to be achieved by the implementation of a comprehensive online condition monitoring (OCM) and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) system of built-in hydraulic fluid. The presented OCM-RUL system is designed conceptually for Industry 4.0 and focuses on the remote monitoring and self-diagnosis function of health condition for the fluid.
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Tič, Vito, and Darko Lovrec. "An Embedded Online Hydraulic Fluid CM and RUL-System for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Machines." In Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0, 686–708. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8548-1.ch035.
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Production machines and devices, especially those that operate continuously in multi-shift operation or are critical for the production process, must be equipped with an intelligent condition monitoring system for critical machine components. This is the only way to ensure high availability and prevent downtimes in critical phases of the production processes, affecting customer delivery times. This has become especially important in the context of the strategy Industry 4.0, wherein information technology, telecommunications, and manufacturing are united when the means of production are becoming more independent. This also applies to hydraulic fluid, an important component of most heavy machinery. The chapter presents the design and advantages to be achieved by the implementation of a comprehensive online condition monitoring (OCM) and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) system of built-in hydraulic fluid. The presented OCM-RUL system is designed conceptually for Industry 4.0 and focuses on the remote monitoring and self-diagnosis function of health condition for the fluid.
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Reeberg de Mello, Alexandre, and Marcelo Ricardo Stemmer. "Automated Visual Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards for Small Series Production." In Developing and Applying Optoelectronics in Machine Vision, 79–107. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0632-4.ch003.
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There is a crescent need to produce Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) in a customized and efficient way, therefore, there is an effort from the scientific and industrial community to improve image processing techniques for PCB inspection. The methods proposed at this chapter aim the formation of a system to inspect SMD (Surface Mounted Devices) components in a SSP (Small Series Production), ensuring a satisfactory production quality. This way, a 3-step inspection system is proposed, formed by image preprocessing, feature extraction and evaluation components, based on characteristics related to shape, positioning and histogram of the component. The inspection machine used in this project is inserted in a cooperation among machines context, in order to provide a fully autonomous factory, coordinated by a multi-agent system. Experimental obtained results show that the proposed inspection system is suitable for the case, reaching a success rate above 89% when using actual components.
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Ribeiro, Daniel, António Almeida, Américo Azevedo, and Filipe Ferreira. "Resilience in Industry 4.0 Digital Infrastructures and Platforms." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210067.
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We live in a world where companies are shifting to the industry 4.0 paradigm. One of the pillars of Industry 4.0 is the digitalization of physical assets and manufacturing processes, moving toward the Cyber-Physical Production Systems concept (CPPS). In these systems, every component of the production process – machines, tools, workstations, etc. – is equipped with sensors, possesses information about itself, and can interact with each other, allowing the production of smaller batches at lower prices and increase product customization through adaptative processes. Consequently, companies are evolving their information systems to have more visibility and control over their production systems. This change increases both the production system’s agility and its vulnerability to communication and information related disruptions. Hence, companies that adhere to Industry 4.0 enabling technologies must adopt new methodologies and tools to become aware of the new risks that arise by the introduction of new digital platforms, their impacts in the production systems, and how they may react to remain resilient. In this paper, disruption events and adequate mitigation strategies are analysed, modelled, and simulated as part of a methodology designed to measure the impacts of disruptive events on the production system.
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Mocanu, Vasile, Tudor Adrian Ene, and Vasile Adrian Blaj. "Technological Solutions and Specific Equipment for Improving the Degraded Grasslands by Total Reseeding." In Technology in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99403.
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The scientific basis and the development of research on new solutions for organic production of fodder and their conversion into animal products with high biological value, maintaining biodiversity and environmental protection, have created the premises for promoting new technologies to improve, rehabilitate and enhance the grasslands, which are in accordance with a sustainable and efficient agriculture practice. In this chapter the technological solutions and technical equipment for improving the permanent grasslands by total renovation, specific to each stationary area conditions, are presented. The basis of new technologies or technological sequences for improving the degraded grasslands is composition and utilization of complex aggregates, consisting of specific machines and equipment, using the recent research achievements in the field of grassland farming. It is also intended that the proposed technological solutions eliminate or limit the effect of external restrictive factors so as to ensure a high feed production and a high feed value, meeting the agrotechnical requirements for each agricultural component operation. For highlighting the advantages of using the specific machines, traditional technologies, within are used common farming machines and new technologies, when are used specific machinery for grassland farming, are analyzed in comparison. To improve the degraded grasslands by reseeding method, new technologies and technological sequences use different complex aggregates, which perform in a pass 2 or even 3 operations, such as: clearing of non-valuable vegetation, hillocks and liming; tillage and liming; seedbed preparation and spreading the chemical fertilizers; rolling before sowing, sowing, rolling after sowing; the destruction of the old grass carpet, seedbed preparing, sowing and rolling after sowing and fertilization with chemical fertilizers; fertilization with chemical fertilizers, rolling before sowing, sowing and rolling after sowing. Compared to traditional technologies, new technologies and technological sequences for improving the degraded grasslands, require reduced fuel consumption and labor, with a lower number of aggregate passes.
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Alejandra, Bronfman. "Glittery." In Audible Infrastructures, 75–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932633.003.0004.
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During the commercial broadcasting boom of the 1920s, mica became an essential component of various radio parts, especially the audion vacuum tube, which became central to signal amplification during this period. As uses multiplied and factories produced greater quantities of sound-reproduction machines, the demand for mica exploded. This chapter traces a history of mica through the interwar years, arguing that the newfound necessity of this mineral pushed radio manufacturing into an existing—and vexed—infrastructure held together through exploitative labor regimes, environmental degradation, and the tense politics of empire during this period. It uncovers the surprisingly far-reaching political and social contexts involved in the production of a single radio component. The point of departure is RCA’s effort to find alternative sources of mica, which was primarily controlled by UK interests that, in turn, controlled key mica mines in India. These mines relied on female and child workers, deemed by many observers as the most efficient at splitting the extracted mineral into fine sheets. Such considerations drew RCA into direct negotiations with the US Bureau of Mines, the US Army, and mica mines in Appalachia and New Hampshire, thereby tethering them to hundreds of women and children in various parts of the world whose labor they deemed essential to their enterprise.
Conference papers on the topic "Milling machines][Component production"
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Tapoglou, Nikolaos, and Chris Taylor. "Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling of Aerospace Materials." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11780.
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Abstract The machinability of aerospace grade alloys is a major concern in the production of components and is the focus of industrial and academic research projects. Assisted processes have emerged as a potential alternative for machining aerospace materials, increasing the material removal rate while not compromising the quality of the component. One of the assisted processes which have shown potential are ultrasonic (vibration assisted) processes. In these methods the tool is vibrated at a high frequency using an actuator, usually parallel to the depth of cut direction. In general this method is thought to be more effective when applied to hard materials. This research focuses on the machining of an aerospace material on a milling configuration using traditional and ultrasonic machining techniques. The results present the potential benefits of using ultrasonic machining techniques in machining difficult to machine alloys.
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Schieck, Frank, Reinhard Mauermann, Dieter Weise, and Matthias Demmler. "Single Point Incremental Forming of Large Sheet Metal Components." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10390.
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Abstract The production of complex, large-scale cladding parts made of metal in small quantities for a wide range of applications in architecture, power generation, shipbuilding, but also rail vehicle construction, mobile work machines and, last but not least, automotive sector is a major challenge in terms of principled manufacturability, but also in terms of manufacturing costs. Appropriate components are often produced in small quantities by hand, whereby the reproducibility and achievable quality depend largely on the experience and craftsmanship of the employer. The incremental forming using CNC-controlled machine tools or robots offers a good alternative for an efficient and reproducible production of sheet metal components with batch size one. There are already a large number of research work, studies and examples of applications worldwide regarding principled incremental forming strategies, process layout, FE simulation and optimization strategies. The Fraunhofer IWU works with the claim of applied research, that is, to transfer results from basic research into an industrial application. This also applies to the field of incremental sheet metal forming. Especially in the area of large-scale, 3-dimensional components, there is a very great need on the part of the industry. The paper provides an overview of current research results in the field of incremental forming of industrially relevant large-scale structures up to dimensions of approximately 4 × 2 meters, which are carried out in the single point process on a modified large milling machine. The topic of shape storage (molds), flexible clamping frames and heating equipment for temperature-supporting incremental forming of light metals is also addressed. The outlook identifies application and development potential aimed at both the further development of the technology and the associated equipment technology.
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Kivanc, Evren Burcu, and Erhan Budak. "Development of Analytical Endmill Deflection and Dynamics Models." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42301.
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Accurate knowledge of machine dynamics is required for predicting stability and precision in a machining process. Frequency response function (FRF) measurements need to be performed to identify the dynamics of the systems experimentally. This can be very time consuming considering the number of tool-tool holder combinations in a production facility. In this paper, methods for modelling dynamics of milling tool is presented. Static and dynamic analysis of tools with different geometry and material are carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Some practical equations are developed to predict the static and dynamic properties of tools. Receptance coupling and substructuring analyses are used to combine the dynamics of individual component dynamics. In this analysis, experimental or analytic FRFs for the individual components are used to predict the final assembly’s dynamic response. The critical point in this analysis is to identify the interface stiffness and damping between the tool and tool holder. The effects of changes in tool parameters and clamping conditions are evaluated. The predictions are verified by measurements.
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Grasso, Marco, Bianca Maria Colosimo, and Giovanni Moroni. "The Use of Adaptive PCA-Based Condition Monitoring Methods in Machining Processes." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82676.
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In different manufacturing applications the assessment of the health conditions of a machine tool, together with the quality and stability of the process, requires the capability of dealing with response variables described in terms of profile data. In the frame of in-process monitoring of sensor signals this is the case, for instance, of monitoring either series production of large lots of parts or machining processes characterized by cyclic signals, where both the condition of the machine components and the final quality of the worked piece may be correlated with the stability of repeating signal profiles in time. However, as far as real time data acquisition is concerned, and when measurements are performed with high sampling frequency, data are likely to be auto-correlated, and hence it is of fundamental importance to develop adaptive monitoring tools robust with respect to non-steady state conditions. The paper deals with the utilization of profile monitoring approaches for in-process monitoring of manufacturing operations and investigates their applicability to the problem of monitoring auto-correlated signals. In particular Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied in combination with an adaptive approach based on a moving time window for continuously revise the reference model is evaluated and discussed. A real case study is used to test the performances of the method: the task is to detect tool chipping and breakage in end milling operations by means of real-time monitoring of cutting force signals. The evolution of tool wear imposes a trend in observed signals which leads to the need for an adaptive approach to properly isolate the breakage event from the slow pattern change due to wear mechanism.
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Sui, Shaochun, Kai Guo, Jie Sun, and Yiran Zang. "Study on Improving Accuracy in Robotic Milling of Aluminum Alloy." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6476.
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Nowadays, the application of using industrial robots in manufacture is a diminutive due to its own low rigidity and low stiffness. This leads to high level of vibrations that limits the quality and the precision of the workpiece. So they are usually used for welding, grinding and paint shop. However, the potential of industrial robot applications in machining has be realized. The volume of monolithic components is large and there are many issues in machining process such as geometric tolerance and quality of machined surface. In such cases the traditional CNC machine is replaced by industrial robots, which will reduce the production cost, reduce labor and increase the efficiency. In this paper, the milling experiment of 7050-T7451 aeronautical aluminum alloy was carried out by using industrial robot KR210 R2700. In addition, the experiment was employed to study the influence of milling speed, feed-rate, cutting depth and cutting width on vibrations, surface roughness was also measured to evaluate the machining quality. Besides, the axis of angle was changed which led to the different industrial robot’s postures. The vibration signal of different postures was acquired, which was used to analysis the optimal workspace of industrial robot. The best process parameters were obtained, which will play a guiding significance on the actual production.
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Max, Antonin, Lubos Rehounek, and Tomas Keckstein. "Finite Element Analysis of a CNC Milling Machine Frame." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65613.
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A computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling center is a machine tool for the production of parts with planar, cylindrical and shaped surfaces. The milling center analyzed here includes an open frame — a structure resembling the shape of the letter C. The main cutting motion is performed by a tool clamped in the spindle. Secondary motion can be linear, rotary or a combination of these. Linear movements in three axes are performed by the tool by means of linear motion components (i.e. motion screws and linear guide rails). Rotary motion is performed only when the workpiece is clamped to the rotary table which is mounted on the mounting plate. The basic demands placed on the structure of a milling center include high static and dynamic stiffness during machining processes. This article is primarily aimed at evaluating the response of the frame of the CNC milling machine to the excitation caused by the fluctuation of cutting forces due to step changes in the number of engaged cutting edges. To ensure optimum machining conditions it is important to set suitable cutting conditions for a frame structure with sufficient stiffness. Unsuitable cutting conditions and low stiffness of the machine frame may lead to dimensional inaccuracies of the workpiece, to decreased quality of the machined surfaces or even to the destruction of the tool cutting edges. The aims of the study include the determination of the static deformation, modal analysis to assess the dynamic properties of the frame, and harmonic response analysis, taking into consideration the amplitudes of the loading forces specified in accordance with the recommended operating conditions of the individual tools. Finite element method (FEM) analyses of the frame were performed using MSC.Marc software. Due to the high structural complexity of the computer aided design (CAD) model, the computational model for the FEM analysis had to be simplified. Only the major structural parts and the connecting parts were meshed in detail, combining both structured and unstructured mesh. Geometrically complicated cast parts with large changes of thickness were meshed with linear tetrahedral elements (tetra4) with full integration. Rotationally symmetrical parts, plates and linear guide rails components were meshed with linear brick elements (hex8) with full integration. The overall number of elements was approximately 1,400,000. Tools, including the clamping head and the spindle, are represented by approximate meshes of brick elements. However, a detailed FEM model of the spindle and the tool would be needed for the analysis of the self-excited oscillations during machining, which is the subject of a large number of scientific publications. Increased attention was paid to the incorporation and set-up of the springs between corresponding pairs of nodes of the meshed linear motion components. As a computational model for modal and harmonic response analyses needs to be strictly linear, only linear elastic material properties and linear springs were defined in the analyses presented here.
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Jahanmir, Said, Michael J. Tomaszewski, and Hooshang Heshmat. "Ultra High-Speed Micro-Milling of Aluminum Alloy." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50053.
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Small precision parts with miniaturized features are increasingly used in components such as sensors, micro-medical devices, micro-fuel cells, and others. Mechanical micromachining processes, e.g., turning, drilling, milling and grinding are often used for fabrication of miniaturized components. The small micro-tools (50 μm to 500 μm diameter) used in micromachining limit the surface speeds achieved at the cutting point, unless the rotational speeds are substantially increased. Although the cutting speeds increase to 240 m/min with larger diameter tools (e.g., 500 μm) when using the highest available spindle speed of 150,000 rpm, the cutting speed with the smaller 50 μm tools is limited to 24 m/min. This low cutting speed at the tool tip is much smaller than the speeds required for efficient cutting. For example, in macro-milling of aluminum alloys the recommended speed is on the order of 60–200 m/min. The use of low cutting speeds limits the production rate, increases tool wear and tendency for burr formation, and limits the degree of dimensional tolerance and precision that can be achieved. The purpose of the present paper is to provide preliminary results that show the feasibility of ultra high-speed micro-milling of an aluminum alloy with respect to surface quality and burr formation. A new ultra high-speed spindle was used for micro-milling of an aluminum alloy with micro-end-mills ranging in diameter from 51 μm to 305 μm. Straight channels were machined to obtain an array of square patterns on the surface. High surface cutting speeds up to 340 m/min were achieved at 350,000 rpm. Inspection of the machined surfaces indicated that edge quality and burr formation tendency are related to the undeformed chip thickness, and therefore the cutting speed and feed rate. The quantity of burrs observed on the cut surfaces was generally small, and therefore, the burr types were not systematically determined. Cutting with the 305 μm tool at a cutting speed of 150 m/min produced an excellent cut quality using a chip thickness of 0.13 μm. However, the cut quality deteriorated as the chip thickness was decreased to 0.06 μm by increasing the cutting speed to 340 mm/min. This result is consistent with published data that show the dependence of bur formation on ratio of chip thickness to tool tip radius. The channel widths were also measured and the width of channels cut with the small diameter tools became larger than the tool diameter at higher speeds. The dependence of the channel widths on rotational speed and the fact that a similar variation was not observed for larger diameter tools, suggested that this phenomena is related to dynamic run-out of the tool tip, which increases the channel width at higher speeds.
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Tumer, Irem Y., Kristin L. Wood, and Ilene J. Busch-Vishniac. "Condition Monitoring Methodology for Manufacturing and Design." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dfm-5724.
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Abstract Part production requires constant monitoring to assure the effective manufacturing of high-quality components. The choice of monitoring methods can become a crucial factor in the decisions made during and prior to manufacturing. In an ideal world, designers and manufacturers will work together to interpret manufacturing and part data to assure the elimination of faults in manufacturing. However, manufacturing still lacks mathematically robust means of interpreting the manufacturing data so that a channel of communication can be established between design and manufacturing. To address part production concerns, we present a systematic methodology to interpret manufacturing data based on signals from manufacturing (e.g., tool vibrations, part surface deviations). These signals are assumed to contain a fingerprint of the manufacturing condition. The method presented in this paper is based on a mathematical transform to decompose the signals into their significant modes and monitor their changes over time. The methodology is meant to help designers and manufacturers make informed decisions about a machine and/or part condition. An example from a milling process is used to illustrate the method’s details.
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Mellor, Edward W., R. Harrison, and Andy A. West. "A Component-Based Human Machine Interface System for Automotive Manufacturing Machines." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58368.
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This paper presents a novel approach for the configuration and runtime usage of user interfaces or Human Machine Interface (HMI) systems based on research being conducted at the Distributed Systems Group, Loughborough University. This research is investigating the replacement of conventional PLC/PC systems with a Component Based control approach suitable for the automotive engine manufacturing industry. HMI (operator interface) systems for production machines must effectively fully support an increasingly complex machine lifecycle involving engineering input from many globally distributed engineering partners. Current HMI Systems are standalone offering poor connectivity and requiring highly specialist skilled personnel to develop and maintain the systems. The goal of Component Based (C-B) systems is to compose machines from modular units with embedded intelligence. The “intelligence” has different functional domains, e.g. sequencing and interlocking logic, 3D virtual modeling, visualization, diagnostics, service and operating interfaces, etc. The underlying framework of the C-B paradigm is a common model system repository where all components are stored. This facilitates visibility of the system common model to all the globally distributed engineering partners involved in a given project. Within the C-B framework, HMI systems are composed from instances of reusable software templates that are targeted at specific user types. User targeted operator interfaces offer a common look and feel that improves usability. The machine’s configuration is achieved by populating a series of HMI templates to produce a complete machine HMI system. A thin-client architecture is used based on server/ client internet technologies that allow the machine HMI to be executed on any internet enabled computer using a standard web browser. It is possible to drive both the real machine and a simulated 3D virtual machine model via the HMI, enabling engineers to be trained on the operation of the HMI prior to the real machine being completed.
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Modica, F., V. Marrocco, P. Moore, I. Fassi, and G. Wiens. "Al-Mg Micro-Features Using Micro-EDM Milling." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70975.
Full textAbstract:
Aluminum alloys offer many machining advantages, such as excellent machinability and finish degree, outstanding tool life, and good corrosion resistance. They also display an elevated thermal exchange and weight reduction, which lead to easier handling compared to steels and make them good candidates for applications in the automotive and aerospace industry and in the field of mould production. Despite these recognized features, the machining accuracy, in particular in the micro-electro discharge machining (micro-EDM) process, needs further improvement. Revealing the nature of the Al alloys in EDM machining, some papers report of resolidifying layers in Al alloys appearing after the EDM process and grain compositions hugely affecting surface roughness. In particular, it has been observed that a thin and strong insulating layer due to the oxidation of the aluminum workpiece after machining leads to frequent tool breakage. In practice, this makes the micro-EDM process harder when micro-tools are meant to be used. However, to the best of our knowledge, the investigation of micro-EDM process performances of Al-Mg has not yet been fully explored. In this work, micro-EDM Al-Mg machining is presented: different energy levels were tested to find the proper parameter combination feasible to process micro-features. The machining geometrical limits are also investigated, putting in relation the energy levels to different electrode tool diameters. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of the evaluation of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear ratio (TWR), surface roughness and sparking gap. The machining of a micro-shaft housing component featuring high aspect ratio (HAR) is also shown as demonstrator to prove the effectiveness of the micro-EDM parameters selected from the previous trials.