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Journal articles on the topic 'Milling machines][Component production'
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1
Moravčíková, Jana, and Peter Pokorný. "Design of Complex Component for Determination of a CNC Milling Machines Accuracy." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.22.
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The article is focused on the design of complex component to determine competence CNC milling machines designed to produce shapes with geometric tolerances by observing the shape, orientation and position of the standard EN ISO 1101. 3D model of a technological process for the production of complex components, it will contain the complete design of tools and cutting parameters for individual milling strategy, select clamping and workpiece material, a preview of the generated routing strategies and paths cut surface after each of their simulated. For milling machines with the so-called measurement system for machine OMM (On Machine Measurement), the proposal for a comprehensive parts serve as a reference in determining the accuracy of their measurements of geometric and dimensional tolerances. The main activity of systems OMM is the replace of the tool clamped in the spindle of milling machines with special touch probe which senses by the touch surface contours of produced parts.
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Qosim, Nanang, and Mohammad Hartono. "Machining time and number of machine for the production planning of wheel nut releaser with the demand of 100 units/day." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i1.pp8-13.
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The impact of competition in the industry has driven people to improve the effectiveness of production process. One of the main factors supporting that effectiveness is the good planning of both the need and the number of machines. The aim of this study is to estimate the machining times to determine the number of machines to manufacture 100/day of the nut releaser tool for car wheel. The result shows that the need of the number of machines to manufacture each component of the nut releaser tool for car wheel are 7 units of power hacksaw, 27 units of lathe machine, 8 units of drilling machine, 12 units of milling machine, 2 units of EDM machine and 25 units of bench work.
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Kiswanto, Gandjar, Poly Poly, and Yolanda Rudy Johan. "Toolpath strategies and management to optimize energy consumption on 3-axis CNC milling machine." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702054.
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CNC milling machine is a production machine which widely used to manufacture many kinds of products. In the process of milling machining, the time needed to produce a component must be as minimum as possible to minimize the costs and its impacts on the environment. One of energy consumptions used in CNC milling machines is to supply electric motors for each axis of motions. Cutting energy consumption can be minimized by optimizing the cutting parameters, such as the cutting toolpath. Modelling and comparing the total energy consumption of the cutting process from different cutting toolpaths and strategies are important in selecting the right toolpath that has the smallest energy consumption. To achieve this goal, this study models the energy consumption during the cutting process. The model is then used to evaluate and compare different cutting toolpaths from different cutting strategies. Three prismatic and one sculptured part were used to examine the model of cutting energy consumption. A Graphical User Interface is also developed to simplify the comparison and evaluation process. Through this process it will be possible to predict energy consumption in the cutting toolpath and hence enable the selection of the right toolpath to reduce energy consumption in machining.
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Grobelny, Paweł, Lukasz Furmanski, Jolanta B. Krolczyk, and Stanisław Legutko. "Comparison of the Assembly Line and Cell Assembly - A Case Study in Mechanical Engineering Company." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1331.
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The paper compares the assembly process of milling machine using two systems: cell system and production line which was introduced after the changes in the machine assembly system of the company. Assembly in both systems takes place in the SKD (semi-knocked-down) system, which consists of assembly finished, large parts of the machine (higher completeness units) imported into the country of installation. The illustrated example presents advantages and disadvantages of assembly of milling machines in two systems: cell assembly and on the assembly line. In this example, the employees in each cells conducted assembly of machines divided into stages, which was dependent on the supply of items in the designated field by warehouse workers. Warehouse department receives a signal at what stage the assembly process is and whether the delivery of certain items is necessary. The assembly system was reorganized and replaced by the assembly line. This assembly, as previously cell assembly, is carried out in SKD system, which is a partially exploded into components. Previously assembly method took place in three stages. After the change to the assembly line this process takes 14 steps.
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Solf, Mareike, Rafael Bieker, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Thomas Bergs. "Influence of the machining strategy on the resulting properties of five-axis hard-milled bevel gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (March 2, 2019): 7358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219834590.
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On universal milling machines, bevel gears can be produced with standard end mills. Due to the flexible process kinematics, there are fewer restrictions with regard to implementable component geometries compared to conventional gear-cutting processes. The quality requirements for bevel gears allow deviations of only a few micrometers. For this reason, small production-related deviations can lead to the exceedance of the permissible tolerances. Furthermore, surface integrity is decisive for the load-carrying capacity of gears. In this report, the influence of the process on the bevel gear quality and the properties of the near surface zone is analyzed.
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Schroepfer, Dirk, Kai Treutler, Andreas Boerner, Rene Gustus, Thomas Kannengiesser, Volker Wesling, and Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs. "Surface finishing of hard-to-machine cladding alloys for highly stressed components." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 114, no. 5-6 (March 29, 2021): 1427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06815-y.
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AbstractThe supply and processing of materials for highly stressed components are usually cost-intensive. Efforts to achieve cost and resource efficiency lead to more complex structures and contours. Additive manufacturing steps for component repair and production offer significant economic advantages. Machining needs to be coordinated with additive manufacturing steps in a complementary way to produce functional surfaces suitable for the demands. Regarding inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as production-related stresses, a great deal of knowledge is still required for efficient use by small- and medium-size enterprises, especially for the interactions of subsequent machining of these difficult-to-machine materials. Therefore, investigations on these influences and interactions were carried out using a highly innovative cost-intensive NiCrMo alloy (IN725). These alloys are applied for claddings as well as for additive component manufacturing and repair welding using gas metal arc welding processes. For the welded specimens, the adequate solidification morphology, microstructure and property profile were investigated. The machinability in terms of finishing milling of the welded surfaces and comparative analyses for ultrasonic-assisted milling processes was examined focussing on surface integrity. It was shown that appropriate cutting parameters and superimposed oscillating of the milling tool in the direction of the tool rotation significantly reduce the mechanical loads for tool and workpiece surface. This contributes to ensure a high surface integrity, especially when cutting has to be carried out without cooling lubricants.
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Bałon, Paweł, Edward Rejman, Robert Smusz, Janusz Szostak, and Bartłomiej Kiełbasa. "Implementation of high speed machining in thin-walled aircraft integral elements." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0021.
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Abstract High speed milling (HSM) is currently one of the most important technologies used in the aviation industry, especially concerning aluminium alloys. The difference between HSM and other milling techniques is the ability to select cutting parameters – depth of the cut layer, feed rate, and cutting speed, in order to simultaneously ensure high quality, precision of the machined surface, and high machining efficiency, all of which shorten the manufacturing process of the integral components. By implementing the HSM technology, it is possible to manufacture very complex integral thin-walled aerial parts from the full quantity of the raw material. At present, aircraft structures are designed to mainly consist of integral elements which have been produced by welding or riveting of component parts in technologies utilized earlier in the production process. Parts such as ribs, longitudinals, girders, frames, coverages of fuselage and wings can all be categorized as integral elements. These parts are assembled into larger assemblies after milling. The main aim of the utilized treatments, besides ensuring the functional criterion, is obtaining the best ratio of strength to construction weight. Using high milling speeds enables economical manufacturing of integral components by reducing machining time, but it also improves the quality of the machined surface. It is caused by the fact that cutting forces are significantly lower for high cutting speeds than for standard machining techniques.
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Abbas, Adel Taha, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Ivan Nikolaevich Erdakov, Tadeusz Mikolajczyk, Mahmoud Sayed Soliman, and Magdy Mostafa El Rayes. "Optimization of cutting conditions using artificial neural networks and the Edgeworth-Pareto method for CNC face-milling operations on high-strength grade-H steel." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 105, no. 5-6 (October 19, 2019): 2151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04327-4.
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Abstract Computer Numerical Control (CNC) face milling is commonly used to manufacture products from high-strength grade-H steel in both the automotive and the construction industry. The various milling operations for these components have key performance indicators: accuracy, surface roughness (Ra), and machining time for removal of a unit volume min/cm3 (Tm). The specified surface roughness values for machining each component is achieved based on the prototype specifications. However, poor adherence to specifications can result in the rejection of the machined parts, implying extra production costs and raw material wastage. An algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Edgeworth-Pareto method is presented in this paper to optimize the cutting parameter in CNC face-milling operations. The set of parameters are adjusted to improve surface roughness and minimal unit-volume material removal rates, thereby reducing production costs and improving accuracy. An ANN algorithm is designed in Matlab, based on a 3–10-1 Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which predicts the Ra of the workpiece surface to an accuracy of ± 5.78% within the range of the experimental angular spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. An unprecedented Pareto frontier for Ra and Tm was obtained for the finished grade-H steel workpiece using an ANN algorithm that was then used to determine optimized cutting conditions. Depending on the production objective, one or the other of two sets of optimum machining conditions can be used: the first one sets a minimum cutting power, while the other sets a maximum Tm with a slight increase (under 5%) in milling costs.
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Singh, Er Sher. "Investigation on Surface Roughness during Milling of AL-61 Machining under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36483.
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In modern production industries, main focus is on high productivity with best surface finish. For this purpose use of cutting fluid in machining of component plays major role in controlling the surface finish of components. The cutting fluids are generally applied continually during machining i.e. wet or flooded machining. The dry machining yields poor surface finish and less tool life whereas wet machining results in better surface finish as well as longer tool life. But continuous lubrication involves very large amount of consumption of cutting fluids which cause health hazards of machining operator and ill effects on environment. Moreover, continuous lubrication contributes to increase in total production cost of product. Hence, the Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL) is needed nowadays which works with less amount of cutting fluid (100-1000ml/hr) with pressurized air (as mist form) as compare wet machining (amount of cutting fluid 400-500L/hr approx.). The study focus on comparison of surface roughness behavior of AL-6061 under different lubrication conditions i.e. Dry, Wet and MQL. The experimental work performed on CNC milling machine involving cutting parameters feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut as input parameters, where surface roughness and microstructure of specimens were observed as output parameters in the experiment. The machined components under different conditions i.e. DCM (dry cutting machining), MQL (minimum quantity lubrication), WCM (wet cutting machining) were examined for surface roughness using R-10 surface roughness tester whereas microstructure analysis was done using optical microscope. For given cutting parameters at 2000RPM spindle speed, 200mm/min. feed rate and it is found that better result of MQL from the dry machining and nearest of wet machining.
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Barragan, German, Fabio Mariani, and Reginaldo Coelho. "Ti6Al4V Thin Walls Production using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) Process." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.03.2021.03.
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One of the main applications of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is the production of thin-wall structures, where it has significant advantages over traditional milling and machining techniques, or even welded analogues. These kinds of structures are frequently employed in aerospace components, field where titanium alloys have a primary role to play. Amongst them, the most employed is the Ti6Al4V with an alpha + beta alloy containing 6% Aluminium (Al) and 4% Vanadium (V). It has an excellent combination of strength and toughness along with excellent corrosion resistance. For the study hereby, thin-wall structures were constructed employing a Laser Directed Energy Deposition machine (L-DED), working with powder material. Analyse identified some microstructural and mechanical characteristics, thorough metallographic study, wear test (micro-adhesive) and micro hardness test. Finding a grain refined structure with competitive mechanical properties compared to materials manufactured by traditional processes. Results positioning DED as an attractive manufacturing technology, with a huge potential to improve costs and material usage, besides almost no restriction on component shape.
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Sredanovic, Branislav, and Gordana Globocki Lakic. "Experimental Study on Micro-Machinability of Hardened Tool Steel in Profile Micro-Milling." Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.85.
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Components miniaturization in industry leads to intensive research and development of efficient micro-technologies through research of different production processes, machines and tools. This paper presents experimental research on machinability of inclined surfaces on hardened steel workpieces with long-neck micro-end-ball mills. Workpiece is hardened AISI D2 tool steel (X155CrVMo-5). Micro-parts of this material is usually produced by non-conventional technologies such as electro-discharge machining (EDM) and laser beam machining (LBM), that allows machining of 2D or simple 3D structures. The effects of geometrical and cutting parameters on output machinability parameters in ball micro-milling were evaluated. Analysis of tool deflection, surface roughness and tool wedge wear was performed, in order to obtain the recommended cutting parameters for more precise, accurate and quality of micro-parts.
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Croccolo, Dario, Massimiliano De Agostinis, Stefano Fini, Giorgio Olmi, Francesco Robusto, and Nicolò Vincenzi. "On Hirth Ring Couplings: Design Principles Including the Effect of Friction." Actuators 7, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040079.
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Rings with Hirth couplings are primarily used for the accurate positioning of axial-symmetric components in the machine tool industry and, generally, in mechanical components. It is also possible to use Hirth rings as connection tools. Specific industries with special milling and grinding machines are able to manufacture both tailor made and standard Hirth rings available on stock. Unfortunately, no international standard (for instance ISO, DIN or AGMA) is available for the production and the design of such components. In the best-case scenario, it is possible to find simplified design formulae in the catalogue of the suppliers. The aim of this work is to provide some accurate formulae and computational methods for design to provide better awareness on the limitations and the potential of this type of connection. The work consists of five parts: (i) a review of the base calculation derived mainly from the catalogues of manufacturers; (ii) an improved calculation based on a new analytical method including the friction phenomenon; (iii) an experimentation run for validating the method; (iv) a case study applied to a machine tool; and, (v) a closed form formulation to determine an upper threshold for friction, thus ensuring the Hirth coupling regular performance.
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Trautmann, Florian, Björn Knöfel, Welf-Guntram Drossel, Jan Troge, Markus Freund, Lars Penter, and Damian Anders. "Subjective hearing sensation of process variations at a milling machine. How reliable will chatter marks be detected?" INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2599.
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Intuition enables experienced machine operators to detect production errors and to identify their specific sources. A prominent example in machining are chatter marks caused by machining vibrations. The operator's assessment, if the process runs stable or not, is not exclusively based on technical parameters such as rotation frequency, tool diameter, or the number of teeth. Because the human ear is a powerful feature extraction and classification device, this study investigates to what degree the hearing sensation influences the operators decision making. A steel machining process with a design of experiments (DOE)-based variation of process parameters was conducted on a milling machine. Microphone and acceleration sensors recorded machining vibrations and machine operators documented their hearing sensation via survey sheet. In order to obtain the optimal dataset for calculating various psychoacoustic characteristics, a principle component analysis was conducted. The subsequent correlation analysis of all sensor data and the operator information suggest that psychoacoustic characteristics such as tonality and loudness are very good indicators of the process quality perceived by the operator. The results support the application of psychoacoustic technology for machine and process monitoring.
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Ghionea, Ionuţ Gabriel, Adrian Ghionea, and Saša Ćuković. "Simulation of the Machining Process for a Spur Gear Pump Body - A Practical Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 834 (April 2016): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.834.108.
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The paper presents theoretical and applicative aspects concerning the construction, machining technology analysis of a spur gear pump body. For the machining process it is chosen a numerically controlled milling machine tool. The part analysed represents the main component of a hydraulic pump from the current production of a Romanian company. From a technical point of view, the part is highly complex due to the shape and dimensional precision, assembly and operation conditions of the pump as a whole. The authors propose some considerations related to optimization, choice of cutting tools, cutting depths, working mode parameters, reduction of the machining and auxiliary times, etc. The CAM simulation results provide many useful, tabular data that highlight the options to choose optimal machining variants.
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Maidagan, E., Joachim Zettler, Markus Bambach, P. P. Rodríguez, and Gerhard Hirt. "A New Incremental Sheet Forming Process Based on a Flexible Supporting Die System." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.607.
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Nowadays many industrial sectors use forming processes in order to produce sheet metal components. The most widely used processes are stamping and deep drawing, which are based on big, costly dies and presses. These processes require large initial investment and specific dies for each part, which makes them inflexible and only profitable for large batches. A possible approach to small series production is based on the incremental sheet forming technique (ISF), which consists of a gradual plastic deformation of flat sheet metal by the action of a CNC controlled tool. Equipment such as a 3-axis milling machine can be used for ISF, such that the initial investment costs in ISF are around 5-10% of those required to set up a production line for conventional stamping. In its current stage of development, dedicated dies are often used as support tools in ISF. However, due to the fact that the forming forces are low in ISF, the dies can be made out of cheap materials like resin or wood. Although this is an additional advantage over stamping, the need to use additional tools still reduces the flexibility of the process. The present paper details the concept of a truly “dieless” incremental forming process. In the framework of the SCULPTOR EU project, the authors are working on an innovative concept of incremental sheet metal forming which is based on the replacement of the commonly used dies by a second forming tool which moves in a coordinated way with the first forming tool, thus creating a flexible die system, which does not depend on the specific geometry of the part to be formed. The present work summarizes the results obtained up to now in two fields: (i) the development of a prototype for the flexible die system to be included both in milling machines or combined with robots and (ii) process modelling to improve the understanding of the process.
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Poulhaon, Fabien, Matthieu Rauch, Adrien Leygue, Jean Yves Hascoet, and Francisco Chinesta. "Toward a Real Time Control of Toolpath in Milling Processes." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.706.
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Real-time control of manufacturing processes is a challenging issue for nowadays industry. The need for ever more efficient production requires new strategies in order to make correct decisions in an acceptable time. In a large number of cases, operators working on a CNC machine tool have a reduced number of possibilities for interacting in real-time with the machine. Numerical simulation based control is in that sense an appealing alternative to the conventional approach since it provides the operator with an additional source of information, confirming his choices or in reverse suggesting a more adapted strategy. The main goal of this work is to propose a method to move from a bilateral approach (operator and CNC controller) to a trilateral one where the simulation is an active component of the manufacturing process. This paper focuses on a simple issue sometimes encountered in milling processes: how to remove a constant thickness of material at the surface of a part whose exact geometry is unknown? The difficulty lies in the choice of an appropriate trajectory for the tool. So far the method which is employed consists in acquiring the geometry of the part thanks to a palpation step made prior to milling. However, this step has to be repeated for each part and can become rather fastidious as the size of the part increases. The approach presented here gets rid of the palpation step and makes use of online measurements for identifying the real geometry and correcting the trajectory of the tool in accordance. By monitoring the forces applying on the tool (directly on the NC), we have access to the milling depth and therefore to the geometry of the part at several locations along the trajectory of the tool. This information is used as an input data for our numerical model running on an external device, which finally derives an approximation for the geometry. An optimized trajectory is then obtained and is updated on the machine. This procedure is repeated as the tool moves forward and it allows for a fast and robust on-line correction of the toolpath.
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Rivière Lorphèvre, Edouard, Christophe Letot, François Ducobu, and Enrico Filippi. "Uncertainty Management of Cutting Forces Parameters and its Effects on Machining Stability." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1165.
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Virtual manufacturing is a field of research which numerically simulate all the manufacturing processes seen by a mechanical part during its production (for example casting, forging, machining, heat treatment,…). Its use is rising on various industries to reduce production costs and improve quality of manufactured parts. One of the most challenging component of the whole simulation chain is the simulation of machining operations due to some of its specificities (need of material law at high strain, strain rates and temperature, heterogeneities of machined material, influence of residual stresses,…).In order to circumvent these difficulties, macroscopic models of machining process have been developed in order to compute more global information (cutting forces, stability of the process, tolerance or roughness for example). For this approach, the cutting forces computation is done by using simple analytical law based on mechanistic approach. The parameters of the models have no clear physical meaning (or at least cannot be linked to intrinsic properties of the material to be machined) and are therefore considered constants for a given set of simulations.The aim of this paper is to take into account the uncertainty on the variability of the cutting force signal during machining operation used as input for mechanistic model identification. The variability of the response during a test on fixed conditions (cutting tool, machined material and cutting parameters) is taken into account to develop a model where parameters of the model can evolve during a given operation.The proposed model is then used as an input of a milling operation simulation in order to study its influence on machining stability as compared to a classical approach.
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Palumbo, G., Marco Brandizzi, G. Cervelli, and M. Fracchiolla. "Investigations about the Single Point Incremental Forming of Anisotropic Titanium Alloy Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.188.
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The present work focuses the attention on the Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) of the Titanium (Ti) alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Tensile tests were carried out using the optical strain measurement system Aramis3D, in order to determine the mechanical behaviour of the alloy and to investigate the anisotropy of such alloy. Finite Element (FE) simulations of the SPIF process (using ABAQUS/explicit) were performed using a simple but non-axialsymmetric shape (truncated pyramid) with the aim of investigating the effect of both the tool/pitch ratio (D/p) and the draw angle (α), taking into account the anisotropic behaviour. The analysis of plastic strains and thinning maps, together with the evaluation of shape errors originated by the forming process, highlighted that the parameter D/p plays a key role in the SPIF. Results from the preliminary FE analysis were used for investigating the production by SPIF of an automotive component (car door shell). A specific subroutine was created by the authors for automatically generating the tool path to be used in both the FE simulations and the manufacturing of parts by SPIF on a CNC milling machine.
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Roesch, Oliver. "Model-Based On-Line Compensation of Path Deviations for Milling Robots." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.255.
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Handling, welding or painting are currently the main fields of application for industrial robots. Due to their high flexibility and low investment costs industrial robots are increasingly used for machining processes in production environments. Robotic milling is one example of these processes, which nowadays can only be applied for tasks with low accuracy requirements and minor cutting forces. The main reason for this is the low stiffness of the robot structure and hence the huge deflection of the tool caused by the cutting forces. Robotic milling tests of aluminum show deviations of the programmed track in the millimeter range even with moderate depth of cut. To harness high possible savings of milling robots, a new method to increase the machining accuracy was developed at the Institute of Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb). The core of the method is a model-based controller for the compensation of deviations that are caused by the cutting forces. The input variables of the controller are the axis angles of the robot (provided by the robot controller) and the cutting forces (measured by a three-component force plate). Based on the cutting forces and the axis angles, the deflection of the Tool Center Point (TCP) is calculated by means of a simulation model. The calculated offset is transmitted to the robot controller so that the tool path is corrected. To implement the compensation strategy, a real-time model of the robot which includes all major compliances of the structure needs to be developed. Besides the real-time requirement, the model needs to be valid for the main working area of the robot. A major challenge in this regard is the determination of the relevant compliance parameters of the robot. In addition to the stiffness values of the gears and bearings the elasticities of the robot links need to be identified. The paper presents a novel method to determine the relevant stiffness parameters of a robot by measurements with a 3D-Scanning-Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer (LDV). In these measurements the robot is loaded with a defined force induced by an actuator at its TCP. During this process, the deflection of the robot is detected by the LDV at a multitude of measuring points. From the relative movements of the measuring points, the tilting-angles of the gears, bearings, and the structural components are calculated. Using the known torques caused by the defined load the stiffness parameters are calculated. In order to minimize the experimental effort it is aspired to identify all necessary parameters by one single measurement. To achieve this goal, the best measurement setup consisting of the position and the orientation of the TCP as well as the direction of the actuator force, is identified by a multibody system (MBS) to ensure sufficient torques in every axis of the robot and all directions (transmission direction and perpendicular to it). The simulation shows that such a measuring setup exists, so that the required parameters, which were validated in additional experiments, could be determined with a single measurement. The determined parameters are used in a controller model to calculate the displacement of the TCP due to the cutting forces during the machining process. Since this model needs to be very efficient regarding the computation time, a MBS cannot be used so that an analytical model must be developed. The analytical model is based on conventional forward kinematics, which is used for determining the position and orientation of the TCP of the robot. In conventional forward kinematics, the rotation of an axis is described by a transformation matrix, which also takes the (constant) dimensions of the robot arms into account. This description only includes a single degree of freedom to the joint angle of the axis and is extended to provide additional degrees of freedom to represent the elasticity of the gear and the bearing. To be able to consider the elasticity of the robot arms, additional transformation matrices are introduced in the center of the arm and the link arm. The computing time of this analytical model is in the range of 1 to 2 ms, so that the model is suitable for the control. In initial machining experiments with a robot of type KR 240 R2500 prime the proposed approach was validated. Milling tests with aluminium showed a significant reduction of the process-related path deviations using the presented control strategy.
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Varga, Gyula, and János Kundrák. "Effect of Environmentally Conscious Machining on Machined Surface Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 309 (February 2013): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.309.35.
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Modern machining processes continuously face cost pressures and high quality expectations. To remain competitive a company must continually identify cost reduction opportunities in production, exploit economic opportunities, and continuously improve production processes. A key technology that represents cost saving opportunities related to cooling lubrication, and simultaneously improves the overall performance of cutting operations, is dry machining. The elimination of coolants or significant reduction in cooling lubricants affects all components of a production system. A detailed analysis and adaptation of cutting parameters, cutting tools, machine tools and the production environment is mandatory to ensure an efficient process and successfully enable dry machining. Case study is shown for examination of cylindricity error and surface roughness of helical milling machined surfaces by environmentally conscious way.
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Muhamad, Shalina Sheik, Jaharah A. Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron, and Hafizal Yazid. "Cryogenic milling and formation of nanostructured machined surface of AISI 4340." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (November 18, 2020): 1104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0086.
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AbstractHardened layers are commonly required for automotive components after their production using a machining process in order to enhance the service life of these components. This study investigates the possibility of producing a nanostructured machined surface which can increase the hardness of the machined surface by varying the machining parameters under cryogenic conditions in end milling of AISI 4340. The end milling experiments were performed using multi-layered TiAlN- and AlCrN-coated carbide. Prior to the experiment, a finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the cutting temperature generated and it had been found that at cutting speed of 200–300 m/min, feed rate of 0.15–0.3 mm/tooth, axial depth of cut of 0.3–0.5 mm, and radial depth of cut of 0.2–0.35 mm, the temperature generated can be sufficiently high to cause austenitic transformation. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with angle selective backscattered (AsB) detection analysis was used to investigate the microstructure and machined-affected layers of the machined surfaces. The crystallographic orientation/phase change and nano-hardness were analysed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a nano-hardness testing machine. The results showed that the cryogenic machining had significantly affected the surface integrity characteristics of the AISI 4340 alloy due to refined microstructure, favourable phase structure, and higher hardness near the surface layer. The results of this study may be useful in providing an insight into a potential technological shift from conventional surface case hardening processes to the present technique.
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GORLOV, I. V. "THE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PEAT MACHINES FOR MILLING METHOD OF PRODUCTION." Bulletin of the Tver State Technical University. Series «Engineering», no. 3 (2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46573/2658-5030-2020-3-32-39.
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The methodology for determining of the reliability parameters of peat machines that do not have sufficient statistical data on operation has been proposed. The proposed approach will permit to determine the change of the technical status of a wide range of peat machines for the milling method of extraction. It will enable peat enterprises to operate taking into account their individual condition and plans for the peat production, and will permit to carry out the major repairs of technological equipment in the autumn-winter period without decreasing the works productivity in the mining season. For peat machines that do not have enough statistical data to analyze their operation, one can use the generalized data on similar peat machines to obtain approximate dependencies which permit to predict changes in the technical state of the equipment under study with some accuracy. With an increase of statistical data amount, it is proposed to use the coefficient method using operational data. It permits to improve the quality of forecasting and as a result to reduce the number of downtime due to failures and to increase the seasonal productivity of peat machines.
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Zalewski, Adam, and Sergiusz Sobieski. "Selection strategy for milling parts on CNC Machines." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 2, no. 2(3) (October 30, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2015.2(3).18.
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Practical knowledge and experience of engineers, CNC programmers, operators related to the implementation of production tasks in the workshop are essential. Every day, developed, perfected for companies specialty, “technological knowledge base “, is a specific, dedicated to the particular conditions of the key to success – the “know -how “in the concrete conditions of production. This knowledge can be relatively easily processed and developed, in particular with regard to the development of technology in the CAM. Additionally subjected to simulation analysis allows comparison of different strategies and variations of part in the design of technology. Several years of authors experience in the analysis of the work ‘s CAM systems in many companies has enabled the formulation of universal principles of numerical simulations that take into account the individual characteristics of the workpiece and the specificity of the selected CNC machine with accessories. Conducted research on the production based on Catia V5 program and Mastercam X6 confirmed the validity of this approach and helped to correcting some of the assumptions developed algorithm.
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Irvawansyah, Irvawansyah, Alang Sunding, and Nurul Afifah. "PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN PENGUSAHA BEBEK PETELUR MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM DRY HOME DAN MESIN PENGHALUS KEPALA UDANG PADA DESA CAMBAJAWA KABUPATEN MAROS." JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 25, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v25i3.14787.
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Pertumbuhan penduduk usia produktif di Indonesia yang tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan lapangan kerja yang cukup, menyebabkan bertambahnya angka pengangguran. Pemerintah menggalakkan program wirausaha sebagai solusi dari peningkatan pengangguran. Salah satu wirausaha yang mempunyai prospek cukup baik adalah peternakan bebek petelur. Sebagai bahan pokok, permintaan telur bebek di pasaran relatif stabil. Program kemitraan masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengefisienkan waktu pembuatan tepung kepala udang sebagai komponen pakan yang paling penting dalam produksi telur bebek. Proses pembuatan tepung kepala udang yang dilakukan warga Maros selama ini terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: 1) Perebusan kepala udang, 2) Penjemuran kepala udang, 3) Penggilasan dan 4) penghalusan. Program kemitraan masyarakat ini menggunakan metode research and development. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pelaksanaan program ini yaitu : 1) efisiensi waktu mulai dari pengeringan kepala udang sampai pembuatan tepung kepala udang dari 2 hari menjadi 10 jam, 2) mitra dapat mengoperasikan mesin tepung dan memanfaatkan teknologi, 3) kapasitas produksi tepung udang meningkat karena waktu produksi tepung semakin pendek, 4) laba usaha meningkat sebesar Rp 14.230 atau 47,43% dan aliran kas bersih meningkat menjadi Rp 44.230 atau 73,72% karena biaya pakan bisa ditekan. Kata kunci: Mesin Penghalus, Dry Home, Pakan Bebek. Abstract The growth of the productive age population in Indonesia that is not matched by the availability of sufficient employment opportunities, causes an increase in unemployment. The government is promoting the entrepreneurship program as a solution to increasing unemployment. One entrepreneur that has good prospects is laying ducks. As a staple, demand for duck eggs on the market is relatively stable. This community partnership program aims to streamline the time to make shrimp head flour as the most important feed component in duck egg production. The process of making shrimp head flour made by Maros residents so far consists of 4 stages, namely: 1) Boiling shrimp heads, 2) Shrimp head drying, 3) Milling and 4) fineness. This community partnership program uses research and development methods. The results obtained from the implementation of this program are: 1) time efficiency from drying the shrimp head to making shrimp head flour from 2 days to 10 hours, 2) partners can operate the flour machine and utilizing technology, 3) shrimp flour production capacity increases due to shorter flour production time, 4) operating profit increased by Rp. 14,230 or 47.43% and net cash flow increased to Rp. 44,230 or 73.72% due to reduced feed costs. Keywords: Disk Mill, dry Home, Duck Farm,
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Balle, Bernd. "Millions of steps across." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 3, no. 1(6) (March 2, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2016.1(6).36.
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With its high-tech prosthetics, Icelandic company Össur would like to enable people to live without limitations. The company manufactures most of the components for the artificial limbs at its own production facilities in Reykjavik. To ensure the quality of the highly complex prosthetics, Össur uses two coordinate measuring machines from ZEISS in production. All measured data is gathered in PiWeb software, which generates analyses and documentation at the push of a button.
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Weinert, Klaus, Sven Grünert, and Michael Kersting. "Analysis of Cutting Technologies for Lightweight Frame Components." Advanced Materials Research 10 (February 2006): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.10.121.
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Most technical components applied in industrial practice are subjected to metal cutting operations during their production process. However, this leads to undesirable thermal and mechanical loads affecting the machined workpiece, which can result in an impairment of its serviceability. Due to their small wall thickness lightweight hollow profiles are highly susceptible to the inevitable machining loads and thermal stresses during drilling processes. For the virtual optimization of the machining process and in order to ensure a suitable process strategy, a finite element simulation of cutting operations for thin-walled light metal profiles is conducted. Due to the flexibility within creating drill holes of different diameters without tool changes circular milling represents a promising alternative to the application of conventional drilling tools for variable process strategies to handle batch sizes down to one piece efficiently. Hence, this article gives an insight into the investigations regarding the modeling concepts of the mechanical and thermal loads induced into the thin-walled lightweight frame structure during the circular milling process. Furthermore, process reliability aspects as well as the correlation of the calculated and the measured results will be discussed on the basis of experimental investigations. Finally, this article compares Finite Element Analysis aspects of circular milling processes with conventional drilling processes.
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Čuboňová, Nadežda. "Utilization of CAD/CAM System Edgecam in Programming of CNC Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 808 (November 2015): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.808.280.
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Today's modern production already not does without sophisticated CAD/CAM system. The present CAD/CAM systems integrate part modelling and engineering design, proposal of technological documentation in the form of NC programs and operational management of production within a one computer system. Their utilization allows the programmer to create machining technology, to define the tool paths and to generate NC programs for very complex shape parts. The article focuses on the use of CAD/CAM system Edgecam, in the formation of the machining process for a milling Machine Emco Concept Mill (CM) 105. It describes the creation of postprocessor for Sinumerik 840D control system and its application and verifying in the production of specific components.
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GORLOV, I. V. "THE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PEAT MACHINES FOR MILLING METHOD OF PRODUCTION." Bulletin of the Tver State Technical University Series «Engineering», no. 3 (2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46573/2658-5030-2020-3-32-40.
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Zhu, Pingzhong, Zhanqiang Liu, Xiaoping Ren, Bing Wang, and Qinghua Song. "Effects of Sequential Operation with Heat Treatment and Mechanical Milling on Work Hardening for Superalloy GH4169." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091367.
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Engineering components are usually manufactured with sequential production processes. Work hardening due to previous production processes affects the machinability of the workpiece in subsequent operations. In this research, the surface work hardening of a workpiece manufactured by two sequential processes with heat treatment/milling (HT + M) and milling/heat treatment (M + HT) of superalloy GH4169 was investigated. First, the surface microstructure characteristics, including plastic deformation and grain size of the machined workpiece surface processed by the two sequential processes, were quantitatively presented. Then, the microhardness on the machined workpiece surface and its cross-section was measured and analyzed. Finally, a surface microhardness calculation model considering twin boundary deformation was proposed. Here, we also present the microstructure evolution principle of the machined workpiece surface by the two sequential processes. It was found that the degree of work hardening of HT + M machining was 179%, whereas that of M + HT was only 101%. The research results can be applied to the optimized selection of process sequence for manufacturing superalloy GH4169.
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Wan, Yi, Qing Hua Song, and Zhan Qiang Liu. "Identification of Stability Lobes in High-Speed Milling Flexible Parts with Bull-Nose End Mills." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.297.
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Flexible parts such as turbine blade, blisk and monolithic components are widely used in the aeronautical industry, and high Speed Machining (HSM) technology is used to increase productivity and reduce production costs. Chatter is an undesirable phenomenon in high speed machining processes because of deteriorative surface finish, early cutting tool failure and unexpected machine tool damage. It can be avoided in higher speed milling processes if stability lobes is determined. In this paper, a non-linear regenerative force model is applied to a bull-nose tool geometry in order to obtain the machine operation stability lobes. An analytical-experimental method is proposed to obtain the stability lobes during high speed milling flexible parts with bull-nose end mills. The method is calculated and validated.
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Borgonovo, A. E., F. Rigaldo, D. Battaglia, D. Re, and A. B. Giannì. "Digital Device in Postextraction Implantology: A Clinical Case Presentation." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/327368.
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Aim. The aim of this work is to describe a case of immediate implant placement after extraction of the upper right first premolar, with the use of CAD/CAM technology, which allows an early digital impression of the implant site with an intraoral scanner (MHT 3D Progress, Verona, Italy).Case Report. A 46-year-old female was referred with a disorder caused by continuous debonding of the prosthetic crown on the upper right first premolar. Clinically, there were no signs, and the evaluation of the periapical radiograph showed a fracture of the root, with a mesial well-defined lesion of the hard tissue of the upper right first premolar, as the radiolucent area affected the root surface of the tooth. It was decided, in accordance with the patient, that the tooth would be extracted and the implant (Primer, Edierre implant system, Genoa, Italy) with diameter of 4.2 mm and length of 13 mm would be inserted. After the insertion of the implant, it was screwed to the scan abutment, and a scan was taken using an intraoral scanner (MHT 3D Progress, Verona, Italy). The scanned images were processed with CAD/CAM software (Exocad DentalCAD, Darmstadt, Germany) and the temporary crown was digitally drawn (Dental Knowledge, Milan, Italy) and then sent to the milling machine for production with a composite monoblock. After 4 months, when the implant was osteointegrated, it was not necessary to take another dental impression, and the definitive crown could be screwed in.Conclusion. The CAD/CAM technology is especially helpful in postextraction implant for aesthetic rehabilitation, as it is possible to immediately fix a provisional crown with an anatomic shape that allows an optimal healing process of the tissues. Moreover, the removal of healing abutments, and the use of impression copings, impression materials, and dental stone became unnecessary, enabling the reduction of the chair time, component cost, and patient’s discomfort. However, it is still necessary for scientific research to continue to carry out studies on this procedure, in order to improve the accuracy, the reliability, and the reproducibility of the results.
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Del Sol, Irene, Asuncion Rivero, and Antonio J. Gamez. "Effects of Machining Parameters on the Quality in Machining of Aluminium Alloys Thin Plates." Metals 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090927.
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Nowadays, the industry looks for sustainable processes to ensure a more environmentally friendly production. For that reason, more and more aeronautical companies are replacing chemical milling in the manufacture of skin panels and thin plates components. This is a challenging operation that requires meeting tight dimensional tolerances and differs from a rigid body machining due to the low stiffness of the part. In order to fill the gap of literature research on this field, this work proposes an experimental study of the effect of the depth of cut, the feed rate and the cutting speed on the quality characteristics of the machined parts and on the cutting forces produced during the process. Whereas surface roughness values meet the specifications for all the machining conditions, an appropriate cutting parameters selection is likely to lead to a reduction of the final thickness deviation by up to 40% and the average cutting forces by up to a 20%, which consequently eases the clamping system and reduces machine consumption. Finally, an experimental model to control the process quality based on monitoring the machine power consumption is proposed.
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Beniak, Juraj, Peter Križan, and Miloš Matúš. "Accuracy of Rapid Prototyped Models with Using of FDM Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 613 (August 2014): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.613.390.
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Conventional technology are also today the main technology used for production of parts in mechanical engineering industry. In every machine shop we can see turning machines, milling machines, drilling machines and others. These machines are generally controlled by computers. But the modern production lines and production companies use also innovative technology to make production more effective, faster, less expensive. With regards of mentioned factors is possible to use also rapid prototyping technology, which can help in product developing, prototype creating but also in short-run or middle series production. Rapid prototyping technology include different techniques for product creation, using different procedures leading to various outputs. The final product can be made from various materials and parts can be used for several applications.
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Babu, R. Praveen, and K. Praveen. "Machinability Studies of Peripheral Milling on Pearlitic Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.86.
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Cast Iron with high carbon content is the most commonly used material for machine tool components such as slide guide ways, tables and columns etc, due to its excellent vibration damping characteristics and easy to cast part features. Although it is very easy to cast, cast iron with high carbon content is extremely hard thus making it very difficult to machine. Normally Poly Crystalline Boron Nitride (PCBN) or diamond tipped tools are used for machining these types of Cast Iron to get good surface finish with less tool wear. Unfortunately, cost of these cutting tools is high. Hence it leads to high production cost. In this direction, an attempt has been made to explore the feasibility of machining cast iron with K20 carbide milling cutter with peripheral milling on two different work pieces, one is with heat treated and another one is without heat treated. Tempering process was carried out for heat treatment. Result shows that heat-treated work piece performs well in all aspects compared to non-treated work piece.
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Qi, Feng Lian, Zhi Li Sun, and Min Zhao. "The Research of Automatic Measuring System on Stone Milling Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1005.
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The automatic measuring system of stone milling force is studied in the article. The columned diamond milling cutters are used to mill stone on NC milling machines. Through analyzing the milling force, the mathematic model is established. Combining the measuring force index, the experimental facility of the automatic measuring system is established and solving methods of the key problems on the software data acquisition is detailed. The system is utilized to measure three component force of milling, that is, horizontal force, vertical force and axial force. Reliable data is acquired. Finally the automatic acquisition of data and the drawing of curve are realized. The achievement of automatic measurement of stone milling force provides theory basis for the further research on the wearing characteristics of diamond cutters, cutting quality of stones and the optimizing of processing technological parameter etc.
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Pascu, Marius, Gheorghe Stan, Dragoș Andrioaia, and Lucian Adrian Mihaila. "System for Compensating the Rigidity of the Hydrostatic Guideways of the Column Saddle Subassembly of the Boring and Milling Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.627.
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The improvement of the machining accuracy of boring and milling machines is imposed by the more and more demanding conditions on the accuracy of the work pieces to be machined. The specificity of this family, of boring and milling machines, consists of the horizontal motion of the milling spindle (quill) with implications on the application point of the gravity center. Thus, the variation of the application point of the sum of the component elements weights of the column saddle subassembly leads to modifications of the oil film thickness in the hydrostatic guideways, affecting the geometrical accuracy of the machine. This work is presenting a system of compensation and hydrostatic guiding of the column saddle subassembly. This new compensation system allows the pressure in the pockets to be modified by taking in consideration the position of the application point of the weight of the entire column saddle subassembly. The implementation of this compensation and guiding system on the boring and milling machine model AFP 220 has led to an increasing of two times the geometrical accuracy of the horizontality of the column saddle`s motion, compared to the variant without compensation.
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Werner, Andrzej. "Improving the accuracy of free-form surface machining on CNC milling machines." Mechanik 91, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.12.195.
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This article presents a method of increasing the accuracy of the production of free-form surfaces. This method is based on the execution of coordinate measurements of the pre-treated object and reconstruction of its nominal geometric model in order to compensate existing machining errors.
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Zhadanovsky, Boris. "Mechanical processing of concrete and reinforced concrete with diamond tool." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303013.
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The technology and organization of construction production using high-performance machines equipped with a diamond tool for machining concrete, concrete and stone surfaces is considered. Various installations, machines and mechanisms with a diamond tool for milling, grinding, drilling and cutting surfaces are presented. The design decisions of the grinding machine MSh-300, installations for machining the surfaces of facing slabs, a high-performance drilling machine and a concrete surface milling cutter are considered. An analysis of domestic and foreign installations has been carried out, which showed that the specific consumption of diamonds in domestic installations is lower with higher productivity. Having studied the sales statistics of manufacturers of individual machines and plants, as well as the positive feedback from implementing construction organizations, it is recommended to use, for the further prospect, high-performance machines and installations with a diamond tool in connection with an increase in the volume of reconstruction of industrial and civil facilities and the construction of transport highways.
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Misztal, Agnieszka, and Sebastian Bachorz. "Quality Planning of Parts Machine Production Based on Housing of Cylinder Head Milling Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.986.
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Taking care of entrepreneurs for full compliance of the products with the requirements and expectations of the customer and the relevant regulations and standards begins in the product design phase. The next important step is to design manufacturing technology. The result of this process, together with the criteria relating to the assessment and acceptance of the results of each operation is a quality plan. The subsequent results of the products realization depend on the awareness of entrepreneurs and their serious approach to quality planning. This article is an example of a tabular quality plan for the production of housing of cylinder head milling machines for the metal. It is the result of a project realized for the machines production company. It has developed the table form, which was completed in cooperation with a technology team and based on existing technology cards. The article includes a fragment of a quality plan covering various manufacturing operations of the machine production. The example of a quality plan to produce the parts machine confirms that it is possible to clearly identify the different stages of production with a guarantee which the company declares its customers. It can be proved that the production takes place in supervised conditions. There were also specified the necessary human and technical resources, documentation and records and most of all space and criteria of measurement and sizes relating to the acceptance or rejection of results of production stages.
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Álvarez, Álvaro, Amaia Calleja, Mikel Arizmendi, Haizea González, and Luis Lopez de Lacalle. "Spiral Bevel Gears Face Roughness Prediction Produced by CNC End Milling Centers." Materials 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081301.
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The emergence of multitasking machines in the machine tool sector presents new opportunities for the machining of large size gears and short production series in these machines. However, the possibility of using standard tools in conventional machines for gears machining represents a technological challenge from the point of view of workpiece quality. Machining conditions in order to achieve both dimensional and surface quality requirements need to be determined. With these considerations in mind, computer numerical control (CNC) methods to provide useful tools for gear processing are studied. Thus, a model for the prediction of surface roughness obtained on the teeth surface of a machined spiral bevel gear in a multiprocess machine is presented. Machining strategies and optimal machining parameters were studied, and the roughness model is validated for 3 + 2 axes and 5 continuous axes machining strategies.
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Kuswanto, Kuswanto, Juan Junius, and Anita Christine Sembiring. "PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK LANTAI PRODUKSI INDUSTRI MEBEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE GRAFIK DAN ALGORITMA CRAFT." JURNAL REKAYASA SISTEM INDUSTRI 6, no. 1 (November 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/jrsi.v6i1.1975.
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Facility layout is integrated planning of the flow of a product in an operating system to obtain the most effective and efficient interrelation between workers, materials, machinery, and equipment as well as handling and transferring materials. A company engaged in furniture manufacturing has a problem in its production process, namely, the distance between machines is too far so that it affects the cost of handling materials. Distant workstations are found on profile machines, milling machines, measuring machines, cutting machines. Therefore, improvements must be made to the layout of facilities on the production floor so that facility layout is efficient and material handling costs are reduced. The problem-solving approach used is the Graph Method and CRAFT Algorithm. The results of the research show that material handling costs are reduced by 7.58% or Rp. 17,765 using the CRAFT algorithm.
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Furmanov, D. V., V. S. Chizhov, and N. E. Lysakov. "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF CUTTING RESISTANCE STRENGTH AT ASPHALT CONCRETE DESTRUCTION WITH A SINGLE CUTTING ELEMENT." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-2-196-207.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the research results on cutting resistance of a road asphalt concrete in the process of the removal of worn coatings by the working elements of milling machines. The relevance of the work is due to the occurring of new brands of asphalt concrete alongside with the use of new types of cutting elements, for which it is difficult to predict the load on the working element when solving the problems of designing new ones and substantiation the operating conditions of the current machines. The purpose. The objective of the study of the interaction of a single cutting element of a road mill with a material at the best fit of speed and geometric parameters of a cutting process with real machines is solved.Materials and methods. The experimental work was carried out by determining the tangential component of a cutting resistance strength, as well as the work of this strength on a pendulum desk using a unit recording equipment. Four different types of asphalt concrete were being destroyed. A two-factor experiment was conducted for each type of the material. The tangential components of a cutting resistance strength depending on the thickness of the cut chips and the temperature of the material were evaluated.Results. As a result of the experiment, the data were obtained that make it possible to reasonably determine the loads on the teeth of road milling machines, to determine a power capacity of the process and the drive power of the working element. It was found that the growth of the tangential component to a cutting resistance strength occurs quite intensively alongside with an increase in the thickness of the cut chips, only at the initial stages of the penetration of the cutter. With an increase in the thickness of the cut chips, the growth of the tangential component to a cutting resistance strength does not occur so intensively. In all cases the temperature of the material has an impact on the value of a cutting resistance strength, but this effect is less significant for asphalt concrete with a higher crushed stone content.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained data make it possible not only to determine the tangential strength to cutting resistance on the cutting elements of the working element of the milling machine, but also to find rational ways to place the cutting elements on the working element, as well as to determine the rational operation conditions of the current and new machines. This is possible when using the results in a mathematical model that describes the operation of the milling working element as a whole.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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Kiss, Márk, and Mátyás Andó. "Automatic Manufacturing Cell in Cyber-physical System." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.16623.
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Such manufacturing cells, that need to be able to produce high quantity and variety workpieces, the automatic workpiece handling is indispensable to stay in competition. A real manufacturing cell’s simulation in a cyber-physical system can help the decisions-making in the production, as we receive real data with the simulation of the scenarios. Our manufacturing cell consists of a 6-axis robot, 2 CNC milling machines and 4 conveyors. We tested 10 different scenarios, during which we analyzed the usage of the robot and the milling machines. By upgrading the tools, used for milling, we could reduce the cycle time of the workpieces. Furthermore, one more milling machine could be integrated into the cell due to the low usage of the robot or the speed of the robot could be lowered. Besides, filling the pallets with the same workpieces was the most effective way, however, with mixed workpieces we reached better results when we used optimization for cycle time. In these cases, reducing the order quantity to a daily amount did not cause any capacity reduction.
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Liao, Kai, Fei Chen, and Yi Peng Liu. "Deformation Mechanism and Characteristics of Thin-Walled Component in Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.237.
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During milling of thin-walled components, obtaining minimum distortion is essential in order to achieve production goals. In this study, a mechanical model based on deformation machanism is established, and is help to analyse relationship between residual stress and deformation in component. Researched on simulation and experiment, the stress-deformation characteristics of different component shape is obtained. The results indicate that the deformation of thin-walled component in milling primarily depends on the distribution of initial residual stress, which can generate bending moment and lead to distortion. And then milling stress on the surface is easy to make bending moment baesd on this distortion, and make the deformation of component intensify.
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Herranz, S., F. J. Campa, L. N. López de Lacalle, A. Rivero, A. Lamikiz, E. Ukar, J. A. Sánchez, and U. Bravo. "The milling of airframe components with low rigidity: A general approach to avoid static and dynamic problems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32742.
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At present, airframes are mainly composed of monolithic components, instead of small parts joined using welding or riveting. Ribs, stringers, spars, and bulkheads can be included in this category. After milling, they are assembled and joined to the aircraft skins, which have also been milled. The aim of these parts is to obtain a good strength-weight ratio, owing to their homogeneity. The milling of a monolithic structural part implies removing up to 95 per cent of the weight from the raw block material. Therefore, the main objective is to achieve the highest removal rate possible. However, conditions required to achieve this (high feed, large depth of cut) in milling imply high cutting forces, which in turn induce part deflection or vibrations in those zones (thin walls and floors) where stiffness is not sufficiently high. These static and dynamic problems often lead to inaccuracy of geometry, roughness, and possible damage to the machine spindle. This paper proposes a working methodology for efficient process planning, based on previous analysis of the static and dynamic phenomena that can occur during high-speed cutting. This methodology provides several steps that can be taken in order to minimize the bending and vibration effects; suggests optimal monitoring methods to detect process instability; and describes the best way to tune the cutting conditions and chip load, by means of simulation at different machining stages. In this way, the reliability of aeronautical production significantly increases. The global approach presented in this paper has been applied to two test pieces and two real parts, which were milled without suffering either static or dynamic problems.
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Dwianda, Yudi. "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) of Pneumatic System of CNC Milling Machine." Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse) 65, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v65i1.239.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the type of failures, the causes, as well as efforts and proposed actions that can be taken to improve the performance of the pneumatic system of CNC milling machines. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is used to find priority problems through Risk Priority Number (RPN) for pneumatic system of components of CNC milling machine. The results of critical component analysis were a leakage occurs in pneumatic valve component, which the most critical risk of the RPN value. It potential failure was caused the high humidity and poor air quality from the compressor, which the RPN of 392 and 384 respectively. The proposed improvement was the replacement of damaged components and optimizing the preventive maintenance, which follow the right operation and maintenance procedures recommended as suggested by the manufacturer.
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Cheban, A. Y., and N. P. Khrunina. "AUTOMATION OF PROCESSES FOR DEVELOPING COMPLEX STRUCTURAL DEPOSITS WITH APPLICA TION OF MILLING MACHINES." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2019-4-1-167-176.
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The paper proposes a technological scheme for the development of the complex structure of the Oshurkovsky apatite deposit with the use of a rock cutter equipped with an automatic system for controlling the conditionality of rock mass and improved bucket loaders. With the help of an automatic system for controlling the conditionality of rock mass, the milled strips are differentiated into sections depending on the content of the useful component, by integrating the information from the sensors and obtaining average values along the width of the milling strip. The bucket of the loader is proposed to be equipped with a swivel for effective separation of the rock mass at the boundary of the sections and increasing the bucket filling factor.
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Sredanovic, Branislav, Gordana Globocki Lakic, Davorin Kramar, and Janez Kopac. "Analysis of Micro-Milling of Hardened Tool Steel." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.57.
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The development of industry in the last ten years has caused the production of parts with relatively small dimensions. This has led to intensive development of efficient micro-technologies through research of processes, machines and tools. This paper presents the research of machinability, channels micro-milling in AISI D2 tool steel (X155CrVMo-5), hardened to 62 HRc. As the tool is used micro-milling cutter with diameter of 0.6 mm and relatively large working length of 5 mm. Analysis of surface roughness, burr on workpiece edges and reduction of cutter diameter due tool wear was performed.
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NAUMANN, Christian, and Matthias PUTZ. "A new multigrid based method for characteristic diagram based correction of thermo-elastic deformations in machine tools." Journal of Machine Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6229.
Full textAbstract:
It is a well-known problem of milling machines, that waste heat from motors, friction effects on guides, environmental variations and the milling process itself greatly affect positioning accuracy and thus production quality. An economic and energy-efficient method of correcting this thermo-elastic positioning error is to gather sensor data (temperatures, axis positions, etc.) from the machine tool and the process and to use that information to predict and correct the resulting tool center point displacement using high dimensional characteristic diagrams. The computation of these characteristic diagrams leads to very large sparse linear systems of equations which require a vast memory and computation time to solve. This is particularly problematic for complex machines and varying production conditions which require characteristic diagrams with many input variables. To solve this issue, a new multigrid based method for the computation of characteristic diagrams will be presented, tested and compared to the previously used smoothed grid regression method.
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Suudi, Ahmad, Novri Tanti, Jamiatul Akmal, Zulhendri Hasymi, and Prasetyo Budiyanto. "Perancangan mesin penghancur sekam padi dengan poros penggerak horisontal." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 14, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v14i2.115.
Full textAbstract:
Husk is a waste from the grinding process with the characteristics of a hard, scaly and dry layer. In the rice milling process, according to the Agricultural Research and Development Agency, the Department of Agriculture obtained 20-30% of rice husk, 8-12% of bran and 50 - 63.5% of milled rice. It can be seen that the amount of waste produced is predominantly dominated by rice husk and if not handled it will be a problem for the environment. One effort to reduce the form of waste was carried out research design of rice husk grinding machine become powder. The implementation method starts with designing, manufacturing and testing. The design of the grinding machine is planned to use a fuel motor drive, the transmission uses a V belt and the type of grinder is a combination of discmill and hammermill.The results of research and design obtained rice husk grinding machine with specifications dimensions of 1100 mm high, 400 mm long and 500 mm wide, Hyundai gasoline engine drive HDE 390 with power 7.6 kW, elbow profile frame 50 mm x 50 mm, belt transmission and pulley with a ratio of 1: 1, a combination milling mechanism namely hammer mills which have 3 single hammer attrition mills and a front through grinder with the help of screw conveyor components. The test results of the grinding machine capacity obtained a production capacity of 10 kg / hour, and fuel consumption which is 2.162 liters / hour.