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Journal articles on the topic 'Milling steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Li, Yan Cong, Yan Shen Xu, and Lian Hong Zhang. "Experimental Study on Modeling of Milling Force of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.577.

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Based on characteristic of stainless steel material, its milling performance is analyzed. Milling force of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was obtained with single-factor test of milling depth, line spacing, and feed per tooth on a CNC Milling Machine. An empirical model for the milling force of stainless steel was established by regression. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the model data with the experimental data. The impact of milling parameters on milling force is sorted in order of milling depth, feed per tooth and line space according to the exponents in the model. The concl

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2

Bin, Jiang, Zhang Minghui, Xu Tong, and Zhang Wei. "Process Design Method of High Speed and Stable Cutting Hardened Steel." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010428.

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In view of the unstable cutting problem in the process of high speed milling hardened steel. Conduct experiment of the stability of machine tool and high speed milling cutter. The machine tool spindle vibration spectrum and vibration acceleration signal under the condition of different centrifugal force were detected. Obtained the critical speed of security and stability cutting of milling cutter and machine tool spindle. Through the experiment of concave and convex surface of hardened steel high speed milling, obtained the vibration characteristic of machine tool spindle and the shape charact

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3

Min, Yong An, Yi Ping Yang, Zheng Zhang, Yan Wu, and Xiao Chun Wu. "Study on Machinability of Pre-Hardened Plastic Mould Steel." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2501.

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The relationship between machinability and microstructure of plastic mould steel is still not clear enough, despite the application of plastic mould steel is more and more wide. In this study, two typical plastic mould steels, namely, 718 (DIN 1.2738) and SDP1 steel with the same hardness are chosen to investigate turning force, tool wear and milling force by experimental test. Combining with the turning and milling test, discussions about cutting force and the relationship between machinability and microstructure are made. And it’s found that the micro-uniformity has a great effect on the mac

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4

Zhang, Wei, Min Li Zheng, Ming Ming Cheng, and Quan Wan. "Experiment Research of Cutter Edge and Cutting Parameters Influence on Machined Surface Roughness for High Speed Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.86.

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By using experiment cutter edge topography obtained by super depth three-dimension microscope, fits the cutter edge curve and calculate experiment cutter edge radius value; by high speed milling hardened steel experiment, individually researches cutter edge and cutting parameters influence on machined surface in high speed milling hardened steel with end-milling cutter and ball-end milling cutter. The experiment analysis results show that under the same cutting parameters condition, machined surface roughness in high speed end-milling cutter milling is better than in high speed ball-end millin

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Zhang, Wei, M. L. Zheng, M. M. Cheng, and W. T. Wang. "Experiment Research of Cutter Edge and Cutting Parameters Influence on Machined Surface Roughness for High Speed Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 670 (March 2013): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.670.70.

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By using experiment cutter edge topography obtained by super depth three-dimension microscope, fits the cutter edge curve and calculate experiment cutter edge radius value; by high speed milling hardened steel experiment, individually researches cutter edge and cutting parameters influence on machined surface in high speed milling hardened steel with end-milling cutter and ball-end milling cutter. The experiment analysis results show that under the same cutting parameters condition, machined surface roughness in high speed end-milling cutter milling is better than in high speed ball-end millin

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6

Wang, Yang Yu, Hao Dong Zhou, Dong Hui Wen, Shi Ming Ji, and Hui Qiang Wang. "Investigation on Affecting Factors of Vibration in Milling Harden Steel Assembled with Different Hardness." Key Engineering Materials 546 (March 2013): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.546.137.

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The milling vibration affects machined surface quality and the size of the error, and has an important impact on the machining accuracy. This paper studies the different cutting parameters on cutting conditions on milling vibration during ball end milling Cr12MoV hardened steel assembled with different hardness steels, and use LMS. Test. Lab software to analyze the vibration signal on the condition of different spindle speed milling direction, axial depth of cut, and the vibration signal of transitional zone and the non-transitional zone are compared, providing the basis for a reasonable choic

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7

Wang, Changxu, Yan Li, Feng Gao, et al. "Milling-Force Prediction Model for 304 Stainless Steel Considering Tool Wear." Machines 13, no. 1 (2025): 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13010072.

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The high-performance alloy, 304 stainless steel, is widely used in various industries. However, its material properties lead to severe tool wear during milling processes, significantly increasing milling force and adversely impacting machining quality and efficiency. Consequently, an accurate milling-force model is crucial for guiding the formulation and optimization of machining parameters. This paper presents a milling-force prediction model for 304 stainless steel that incorporates the effect of tool wear, based on the mechanistic modeling approach. Side-milling experiments on 304 stainless

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8

Hata, Achmad, Rudy Yuni Widiatmoko, Deni Mulyana, and Ilham Azmy. "Optimization of Cutting Parameter CNC Wet Milling Process of Austenitic Stainless Steel on Surface Roughness." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 7, no. 2 (2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v7i2.1591.

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<em>Austenitic stainless steel (SS) is widely used in various industries owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the machineability of this material remains a challenge to measure for better application. In this research, the optimization of the machining parameter CNC wet milling process for austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304 and AISI 316) was successfully finished by utilizing the Taguchi method (S/N ratio and ANOVA) to determine its machineability specifically on surface roughness. The optimum surface roughness of AISI 304 stainless steel is about

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9

Jiang, Bin, Yin Jin Yang, Xian Li Liu, Chang Xing Qi, and Xing Fa Zhao. "Incidence Analysis on Characteristic of High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.73.

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In high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, the increase of hardened steel hardness and cutting efficiency make cutting loads changing, and fuzzy and uncertain properties exist in evaluating cutting vibration and machining surface quality. To explore the means for high efficiency and precision machining hardened steel, carried out the experiment of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and acquired behavior data of high speed milling characteristic and influencing factors. Founded the model of high speed ball-end milling behavior characteristic using grey system theory, acquired the b

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10

An, Qing Long, Jun Li Li, Wei Wei Ming, and Ming Chen. "Finite Element Simulation on Face Milling of Austenitic Stainless Steel with Chamfered Tools." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.1042.

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Due to the high strength of austenitic stainless steels, it is essential for cutting tool to keep with appropriate chamfered edges during the face milling process. In this paper, face milling mechanics with chamfered edge based on cutting force and chip formation were analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA). Three kinds of tools with different chamfered edges were studied on face milling of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel. The primary research results indicated that FEA results showed good consistency with experimental results. This can provide references for development and appli

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11

Li, Feng, Fang Yu Peng, Yong Wang, Rong Yan, and Bin Li. "Optimization of Parameters of Aircraft Landing Gear with Orthogonal Turn-Milling Based on GRA-PSO Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.730.

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In the light of the characteristic of 300M ultra high strength steel and the feature of orthogonal turn-milling machining,an optimization model of orthogonal turn-millng machining parameters is consisted of maximum tool life,minimum surface roughness and maximum productivity. Based on multi-objective optimazation algorithm which is applied in coupling particle swarm optimization algorithm and gray relevancy analysis,it can achieve the purpose which is above mentioned. By introducing the chatter stability lobe diagram of aircraft landing gear with orthogonal turn-milling which is conformed with

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12

Zhang, Hui Ping, Chong Xun Wang, Yi Nan Lai, and Wen Juan Zheng. "Milling Force Modeling and Experimental Research of 300M Ultra High Strength Steel." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.53.

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300M ultra high strength steel, a new type of steel with broad prospects for development, has good mechanical properties, and is widely used for manufacture of aircraft landing gear. In order to reveal influence law of cutting parameters on milling force of 300M ultra high strength steel, the influence law of feed rate, milling width, and depth of cut and spindle speed on milling force is firstly studied through the single factor experiments in this paper. Secondly, the influence level of experimental factors is compared by orthogonal experiment. Finally, combined with orthogonal test data and

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13

Jiang, Bin, Hong Jun Yao, Dan Hua Xia, Ying Li, and Hong Xu. "Hierarchical Structure Model of High Speed Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.75.

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In high speed milling hardened steel, cutting performance of cutter is uncertainty because hardness distribution and machining elements change. Based on the experiments of high speed milling hardened steel, the interaction among cutting force, cutting temperature, cutting vibration, processing surface quality and machining efficiency is investigated by means of interpretative structural modeling method, hierarchical structure model in high speed milling hardened steel is founded, optimization design method of high speed milling performance is proposed. Results show that uneven distribution of

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14

Xu, Haijian, Zheng Lu, Chunyan Jia, Danzhu Feng, and Chunming Liu. "Influence of Mechanical Alloying Time on Morphology and Properties of 15Cr-ODS Steel Powders." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 5 (2016): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0229.

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AbstractOxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are the leading candidates of fuel cladding for Generation IV nuclear reactors due to their excellent properties such as excellent radiation tolerance and high-temperature creep strength. Mechanical milling with the aim of a fine dispersion of oxides in the metal matrix becomes the main process for the production of ODS steels. In order to clarify the influence of milling time on the precursor powders for 15Cr-ODS steel, the morphology and properties of mechanical alloying (MA) powders with different milling time were investigated by

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15

Zainudin, Muhammad Aiman, Muhamad Afif Aziz, Mahani Yusoff, Pao Ter Teo, and Mohd Hasmizam Razali. "Effects of Mechanical Activation Time and Speed on the Steel Slag Powder Characteristics for Wastewater Treatment." Malaysian Journal of Bioengineering and Technology (MJBeT) 1, no. 1 (2024): 88–93. https://doi.org/10.70464/mjbet.v1i1.1445.

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Steel slag has a high iron content, which could be advantageous in producing iron-rich salt sources for wastewater treatment. Producing iron-rich residue from steel slag to be applied as ferrous sulfate demanded powder activation to achieve high absorption efficiency during coagulation. Mechanical activation via high-energy ball milling was one of the methods that could minimize the poor grindability of steel slag. The effect of milling time (2 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 20 h) and milling speed (200 rpm, 250 rpm, and 300 rpm) on the powder characteristics were observed on the as-milled powder. The phas

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16

Dharmalingam, Ganesan, Murali Arun Prasad, and Sachin Salunkhe. "Optimization of milling speed and time in mechanical alloying of ferritic ODS steel through taguchi technique." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021029.

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The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are one of the most important in fuel cladding materials for 4th Generation nuclear reactors because of their excellent mechanical properties such as irradiation resistance, swelling resistance, and elevated temperature tensile/compressive strength. Mechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most promising routes for developing nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel materials. For the production of nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel powders, the most influencing factor is the milling speed and milling time during the mechanical alloying process.

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17

V, Kutsova, Kamkin V, Knapinskij M, Projdak S, and Varitsev A. "Pure steel milling technology and specific features." Theory and practice of metallurgy, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.3.2019.01.

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Determine the technological parameters of smelting and out-of-furnace processing of low-carbon steel. Method. The thermodynamics of nitride formation reactions is considered and the advantage of titanium nitride forma- ?ion, the lowest probability of boron nitride formation is established. Based on the analysis of experimental data, an analytical expression was obtained, which allows to calculate the required amount of titanium additives to neutralize the harmful effects of nitrogen, which also takes into account the concentration of aluminum in steel and prevents the formation of harmful alum

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18

Wu, Jun Qian, Yang Yu Wang, Dong Hui Wen, and Chong Da Lu. "Experimental Study on Ball End Finishing Milling the Inclined Surface of Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.123.

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A three axis CNC milling machine was used for the cutting tests on the inclined surface of the 53HRC hardened steel, the hardened steel surface for the tests were keeping a inclined angle about 200 with the horizontal plane. According to the analysis of three axial milling force in the different milling strategies and different milling parameters, the effect of the different spindle speed and milling strategies for the cutting force was studied while the ball end finishing milling the hardened surface. The results of the tests were the good reaction for the rule of the cutting force which was

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19

Tang, Yong, Qiang Wu, Xiao Fang Hu, and Yu Zhong Li. "Simulation and Experimental Research on Milling Force of High Manganese Steel." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.863.

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The milling process of hard-to-cut material high manganese steel ZGMn13 was simulated and experimental studied based on Johnson-Cook material model and shear failure model.The high speed milling processing finite element model has established adopting arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler method (ALE) and the grid adaptive technology,The influence of milling parameters to milling force is analyzed in the high speed milling high manganese steel process. The simulated and experimental results being discussed are matched well. It certifies the finite element model is correct.

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20

Qi, B. Y., Ning He, and Liang Li. "Experimental Study in HSM of Hardened Steel AISI D2." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.374.

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Hardened steel is widely used for good mechanical property, but its machinability is bad comparatively. It is efficient to enhance metal removed rate when high speed milling (HSM) hardened steel, but tool wear is rapid. In this paper, high-speed milling experiments were carried out for hardened steel with TiAlN coated tools. The effects of milling parameters on tool wear and surface roughness were studied. The influences of different coolants, such as dry, MQL, cryogenic MQL conditions on HSM hardened steel, were compared with each other, results showed that cryogenic MQL HSM hardened steel ha

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21

Liu, Fei, Cai Xu Yue, Xian Li Liu, Xin Min Feng, and Jing Ma. "Investigation on Milling Force with Tilt Angles in Milling Cr12MoV." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.134.

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Based on actual working condition, this paper takes the mold materials Cr12MoVwhich is widely used in car cover as research object, and uses the finite element software Deform 3D to establish three-dimensional finite element simulation model of milling hardened steel Cr12MoV process. Reliable material model, chip separation criterion and appropriate boundary conditions are applied. The finite element simulation of milling hardened steel is built with different tilt angles. Milling force of simulation results are verified through experiments.Changes in the milling force with tilt angle are disc

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22

Jiang, Bin, Pei Yi Zhao, Yong Zhong Wang, and Yi Hang Fan. "Influence Characteristics of Cutting-Contact Stress on the Wear of Milling Cutter in High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.192.

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Adopted the cutting-contact model of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel surfaces, researched distribution characteristics of cutting-contact stress; by researching the influence of the distribution of this stress on cutter wear, clarified the influence theory of milling pattern and cutting parameters on initial wear of milling cutter. By using the method of climbing, conventional milling alternating and changing cutting parameters, verified the influence of milling pattern and cutting parameters on initial wear pattern. The result showed that, initial wear mechanism of high speed milli

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23

Saraev, Yuriy, Valeriy Bezborodov, Marina Perovskaya, and Vyacheslav Semenchuk. "STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COATINGS ON PRODUCTS MADE OF STEEL 09G2S, STEEL 3 AND STEEL 12H18N10T." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 1 (2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-2020-1-11-17.

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The investigation of the mode impact of electric arc surfacing with electrode EN-60M upon coating properties of non-alloy, low-alloy and alloy steels (steel 3, steel 09G2S, steel 12H18N10T) is carried out.  As a result of this there is studied the electric arc impact upon structure, physical stress-strain and operation properties of coatings built up with electrode EN-60M.  It is defined that the modification in progress with electric arc impact allows milling the structure formed of built up coatings and increasing its uniformity.

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24

Jin, Hyung-Ha, and I. Seul Ryu. "Effective Removal Method for Layer of FIB-Induced Surface Damage in Austenitic Stainless Steel." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, no. 2 (2023): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.2.137.

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There is substantial concern about the phase change to artificial ferrite or martensite in commercial austenitic stainless steels during intense focused-ion-beam milling. In this work, severe Ga ion milling to prepare microscale samples was found to produce thin transformed layers on the surface of austenitic stainless steel. The surface BCC phase transformation layer was clearly distinguished on the specimen processed with the focused ion beam using cross-sectional analysis. It was determined that Ga ions had accumulated in the surface BCC layer. However, it was also confirmed that the Ga ion

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25

Cheng, Yao Nan, Li Quan Wang, Zhen Jia Li, Jun Gao, and Xiao Chun Ao. "Groove Optimization and Finite Element Analysis for Different Groove Milling Insert." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.716.

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Based on the experiments on milling the 45 steel with several types of different grooves milling inserts, this article has groove optimization and finite element analysis for different groove milling inserts. With the milling force testing system and orthogonal experimental design method, we have experiments with five types of different groove milling inserts for machining the 45 steel and compare their cutting capability, and the different grooves milling inserts are optimized. Based on the experiments, we have stress field analysis for different grooves milling inserts with finite element an

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26

Pyatykh, Aleksey, Andrey Savilov, and Sergey Timofeev. "Investigation of Hadfield Steel Machinability in Milling Operations." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8p4ud2.

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Hadfield steel is widely used in the manufacture of machines and mechanisms operating in harsh conditions. When machining Hadfield steel parts, problems are due to the strain hardening. The article studies the influence of cutting modes on steel hardness, tool thrust and surface roughness when milling Hadfield steel using cutters with replaceable inserts. The experiments were conducted on a milling machining center using high-productivity cutting tools. The optical roughness measuring method was applied. Hardness was measured with a portable hardness tester before and after milling. The articl

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27

Luo, Zhiwen, Kui Huang, Guifang Yuan, Binyan Liang, Chao He, and Hongwei Liu. "Research on high-speed milling of high-strength steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2951, no. 1 (2025): 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2951/1/012028.

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Abstract PCrNi3MoVA is a prevalently employed high-strength steel, primarily utilized in aerospace, the national defense industry, the nuclear industry, medicine, and other domains. This study mainly probed into the milling forces and surface roughness of PCrNi3MoVA steel when it was milled at high speed with a 10 mm solid carbide end mill on the side and made a comparison by end milling. The primary factors influencing surface roughness and milling forces in both milling approaches were determined, and a prediction model for cutting forces was obtained.

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28

Xiao, Jun Min, and Ying Xu. "Study on Mathematical Model of High Speed Milling Force for Plastic Mold Steel 3Cr2Mo." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.710.

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Mold steel 3Cr2Mo has been used widely in manufacturing of plastic mold formed parts, owing to fine mechanical properties. However, it is also very difficult to cut mold formed parts of steel 3Cr2Mo due to high hardness. Ordinary NC cutting method of steel 3Cr2Mo is unable to relate to modern mold manufacturing due to bad cutting property, so it is extremely significant for improving cutting property of steel 3Cr2Mo to study the high speed milling technology. On the basis of improving the traditional cutting force formula, the mathematical model of high speed milling force for steel 3Cr2Mo was

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29

Jiang, Bin, S. C. Yang, Yin Jin Yang, Min Li Zheng, and P. Sun. "Cluster Analysis on Vibration Characteristic in High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.145.

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Aim at the uncertainty of vibration behavior in high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, carried out the experiment of high speed milling hardened steel and modal analysis of cutter, studied vibration behavior of cutter and workpiece, and established vibration behavior sequence of high speed milling hardened steel. Using gray system theory, did gray cluster analysis of vibration characteristics, explored the correlation among cutter vibration, workpiece vibration and surface roughness characteristics, put forward the method of characterizing vibration characteristics in high speed ball-end

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30

Potejana, Potejanasak, and Chakthong Thongchattu. "Application of Taguchi and Response Surface Methodologies for Surface Roughness in Rotary Tool Polishing Hardness Mould Steels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 87 (August 2011): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.82.

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This research proposes a new application of 3-axis CNC milling machine for polishing the 60 HRC hardness steels. The rotary polishing tools are designed by refer to the end-mill ball nose’s design. The diamond powder are coated in rotary polishing tools by resinoid bonding method and concentrated in 4.4 karat/cm2. The Zig-milling tool paths are used to polish the hardness steel. After polishing, the confocal laser scanning microscope is used to analyze the arithmetic mean surface roughness of the hardness steels. The L12 orthogonal array of the Taguchi’s method is selected to conduct the matri

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31

Azuddin, M. "Tool Wear and Surface Roughness Observation when Milling SKS3 Tool Steel with Electromagnetic Effects." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.153.

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Machining of hard steel through milling process is common technique nowadays. This work explores the possibility of using electromagnetic field to improve tool life and machined surface roughness. The milling experiments was conducted using carbide insert tool for cutting a SKS3 Tool Steel. Generally, the tool life quality and machine surface roughness was increase between 5 to 10% when milling with the present of electromagnetic field.

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Chen, Yu Cai, Xi Wang, Li Bing Liu, Dong Ting Liao, and Fei Wu. "An Experimental Study on Electric Hot Milling for T10A Tool Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1843.

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This paper introduces a kind of electric hot milling method for T10A tool steel and analyses its feasibility. Collect temperature signals and vibration signals in the machining process by a set of signal acquisition system. Afterwards, process these signals by using wavelet transform and wavelet packet transform, compare and analyze them in different working conditions. The results of the study indicate that through comparison between dry milling and electric hot milling, the latter can be more effectively milling tool steel, and improve the cutting tool durability.

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Salueña Berna, Xavier, Jose Antonio Ortiz Marzo, and Jasmina Casals Terré. "Analysis of the Behaviour Effect of Face Cutting Edge Inserts on Surface Roughness when Milling Steels with MQL Lubrication." Materials Science Forum 526 (October 2006): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.526.25.

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The main objectives of this work are the study of the obtained surface roughness on steels, using face cutting edge inserts milling tools in finishing face milling operations with microlubrication (MQL), and comparison of the results obtained with the widely-used radius inserts. This experimental study analyzes the roughness and surface appearance obtained with both sort of inserts. The interest about this study is to determine the steel types and the optimal cutting conditions for milling with this face cutting edge inserts. Another result analysed is the utility of the MQL implementation com

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34

Mulyana, Deni, Thoriq Zulham Yahya, Achmad Hata, Rudy Yuni Widiatmoko, and Ilham Azmy. "Optimization of Machining Parameters CNC Milling Process of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steels on Surface Roughness." International Journal of Mechanics, Energy Engineering and Applied Science (IJMEAS) 2, no. 2 (2024): 42–47. https://doi.org/10.53893/ijmeas.v2i2.244.

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Stainless steel (SS), specifically AISI 304 and 420, was classified as austenitic and martensitic stainless steels which garnered excellent corrosion resistance (up to 650 oC) and easily to enhance mechanical properties by heat treatment. However, the machinability of these materials has not been widely studied. CNC milling process was defined as cutting process of workpiece using a rotating cutting tool which considered to improve productivity in manufacture industries. Machining parameters during CNC milling process such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut play an important role to

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35

Janmanee, Pichai, Somchai Wonthaisong, and Dollathum Araganont. "Effect of Machining Parameters and Wear Mechanism in Milling Mold Steel AISI-P20 and AISI-1050." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.294.

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In this study, effect of machining parameters and wear mechanism in milling process of mold steel AISI-P20 and AISI-1050, using 10 mm twin flute type end mill diameter. The experimental results found that characteristics of milling surfaces and wear of the mill end were directly influenced by changes of parameters for all test conditions. As a result, the quality of milling surfaces also changed. However, mould steels which had the good quality surface is AISI-1050, with roughnesses of 2.120 μm. Quality milling surfaces were milled by using the most suitable parameter feed rate of 45 mm/min, a

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36

Soliz, Alvaro, Danny Guzmán, Luis Cáceres, and Felipe M. Galleguillos Madrid. "Electrochemical Kinetic Analysis of Carbon Steel Powders Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040665.

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This work reports on the electrochemical kinetic analysis of carbon steel powders produced during the milling of carbon steel chips for 2, 3, and 5 h under an air atmosphere in a high-energy ball miller. This work aims to fill the gap in the literature regarding the transformation processes that affect carbon steel powder production. This information can be crucial for specific powder metallurgy systems. The results obtained using the Rietveld refinement method showed a decrease in the crystallite size, an increase in the microstrain, and no changes in the lattice parameter with the milling pr

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Chen, Wen Yi, Jian Zhou, and Ying Liu. "Study on the Oxidation Resistance of 316 Stainless Steel Nano-Powder Prepared by Ball-Milling Method." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.151.

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316 stainless steel nano-grain powders were prepared by high-energy ball-milling method. The evolutions of grain size and microstructure of the stainless steel powders with the change of ball-milling conditions were investigated by XRD, SEM. DSC method was used to analyze the oxidation resistance of the powders after ball milling. The law of the change in oxidation weight gain and DSC oxidation peak of samples at the different heating rates were analyzed. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that the oxidant resistance of 316 stainless steel nano-crystalline powder was improved, the activation en

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Xu, Jin, Fuwu Yan, Xiaojin Wan, Yan Li, and Qiang Zhu. "Surface Topography Model of Ultra-High Strength Steel AF1410 Based on Dynamic Characteristics of Milling System." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020641.

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AF1410 is a low carbon high alloy ultra-high strength steel. It not only has high strength and high toughness, but also has a high stress corrosion resistance. However, due to the characteristics of hard quality and poor thermal conductivity, AF1410 is a difficult material to process. In the process of milling, the geometric factors of process parameters, the flexible deformation of milling cutter and the flutter of the process system all affect the surface roughness, which makes it difficult to predict the surface roughness of milling parts. In order to solve this problem, a prediction model

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Jiang, Bin, X. L. Liu, M. L. Zheng, Y. J. Yang, and L. Jiang. "Research on Character of Physical Field Distribution in High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 670 (March 2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.670.114.

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In order to mend cutting instability of ball-end milling cutter caused by the changes of cutting loads in high speed milling hardened steel, we perform the modal analysis and heat-force coupling field analysis of cutter, carry out the experiment of high speed milling hardened steel, investigate the character and effect factor of physical field distribution in high speed ball-end milling hardened steel, and propose the method about the match of diameter and overhang for depressing cutter vibration. Results indicate that the decrease in the ratio of overhang to diameter can transform the first m

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Liu, Can, J. Q. Wu, W. F. Zheng, G. H. Li, and Guang Yu Tan. "Experimental Study on High-Speed Milling Performance of 316 Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.408.

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In order to obtain the variational regularity of force in high-speed milling 316 stainless steel with carbide tools, an orthogonal milling test was done in machining center, and force signal was processed and analysed using Matlab software. Spectrum analysis showed the energy of horizontal force in high-speed milling transfered to the harmonic frequency, variance analysis showed that both of the axial depth of cut and the feed significantly affected the absolute mean of horizontal force, while the effect of speed was insignificant, indicating it be best to adopt milling parameters as small dep

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Jiang, Bin, Shou Zheng Sun, Ming Hui Zhang, Guang Lei Cao, and Bin Sun. "Safety and Reliability of High-Speed Milling Cutter's Evaluation and Control Methods." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.90.

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The existing safety evaluation of high-speed milling cutter mainly based on ISO15641 standards, which by idling experiments, then analysis and determine centrifugal force conditions what cause permanent deformation and fracture destructive of cutter, this method cannot be forecast and control the dynamic evolution of the milling cutter's safety and reliability, when cutting load changed suddenly.This paper using the high speed milling cutter's failure criteria and safety margin model of cutting hardened steel, analysed and evaluated coupled thermal field distribution caused by hardened steel s

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Ruhiyuddin, Mohd Zaki, Che Pa Faizul, Darus Murizam, and A. R. M. Nazri. "Study on Milling Periods on the Iron Mill Scale Particle Size and Properties." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.1001.

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The relations between the milling periods with the iron mill scale particle size have been studied. Iron mill scale has been chosen for this research due to the nature of itself, as a by-product. From this research, the average optimum size for the final iron mill scale particle size intended to produce is at 300 μm. Raw iron mill scale received from the industries was in the form of chip with the average size of 10 mm across and 1.5 mm thickness. Three different samples from three different steel mill companies have been used for this study. Rolling ball mill has been used to mill the iron mi

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Wang, Zhi Gang, Zhen Jia Li, Deng Hui Zhu, Rui Ming Zhu, and Yi Nan Li. "Study of Experiments on Cutting Difficult-to-Machine Materials with Ultrafine-Grained Waved-Edge Milling Insert." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.177.

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For the cutting of the difficult-to-machine materials, such as stainless steel and dead-hard steel, is always puzzling and restricting manufacturing, it is necessary to deeply study and search after new machining methods in respect of both theory and practice. This paper chose waved-edge milling inserts and flat-groove milling inserts of different materials to make cutting force contrast experiments on stainless steel ZG0Cr13Ni5Mo, chose ultrafine-grain inserts, YT14 inserts (local product) and CY250 inserts(foreign product) to make cutting life contrast experiments on dead-hard steel ZG35CrMo

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Rastorguev, D. A., A. A. Sevastyanov, and G. V. Klevtsov. "The study of end milling temperature of low-alloy steel in coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained states." Frontier materials & technologies, no. 1 (2024): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2024-1-67-6.

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The paper presents the results of the study of the end milling temperature of low-alloy steel depending on the cutting modes and the type of crystalline structure. The experiment was carried out on a PROMA FHV-50PD universal milling machine. The blanks were processed using a 12-12D-30C-75L-4F HRC55 carbide milling cutter. No cooling was used during processing. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to identify the dependence of the end milling temperature of low-alloy steel on the processing modes and the steel crystalline structure. When creating a mathematical model of cutting tempera

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Klocke, Fritz, Kristian Arntz, Gustavo Francisco Cabral, Martin Stolorz, and Marc Busch. "Characterization of Tool Wear in High-Speed Milling of Hardened Powder Metallurgical Steels." Advances in Tribology 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/906481.

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In this experimental study, the cutting performance of ball-end mills in high-speed dry-hard milling of powder metallurgical steels was investigated. The cutting performance of the milling tools was mainly evaluated in terms of cutting length, tool wear, and cutting forces. Two different types of hardened steels were machined, the cold working steel HS 4-2-4 PM (K490 Microclean/66 HRC) and the high speed steel HS 6-5-3 PM (S790 Microclean/64 HRC). The milling tests were performed at effective cutting speeds of 225, 300, and 400 m/min with a four fluted solid carbide ball-end mill ( = 6, TiAlN

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Liu, Can, Guang Hui Li, Jing Quan Wu, and Guang Yu Tan. "Comparative Study on Force in Milling T10 Hardened Steel with Different Machining Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3079.

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To compare the effects of different machining parameters on force in milling T10 hardened steel, the features of theoretical forces in up and down milling were analysised, and comparative experiments of milling force were made, whose results showed that the maximum component force in down and up milling was in the direction of radial cutting depth and feed respectively, moreover the maximum force in down milling was significantly greater than in up milling. Further orthogonal experiments of up milling and variance analysis were done, and it was found that the effects of rake angle, velocity, f

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Zheng, Wei Feng, Jing Quan Wu, Can Liu, Guang Hui Li, and Guang Yu Tan. "Study on Prediction Model and Experiments of High-Speed Milling Force for Stainless Steel 316." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.6.

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Through the orthogonal test in which stainless steel 316 was milled with high speed by solid cemented carbide end cutter, the milling force was measured. By multiple linear regression method, the prediction formula of the milling forces of stainless steel 316 was found. In addition, this study validates to significant degree of the formula meeting the actual condition, which can provide a reference to better selection of cutting parameter in advance and the design of high-speed milling cutter.

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Liu, Ya Jun, Jia Bin Huang, Meng Yang Qin, Wei Xia, and Yong Tang. "High Speed Machining of AISI 52100 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.466.

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This paper gives the details of High Speed Milling experiments with AISI 52100 steel (HRC52) by using coated carbide end mills. Cutting force and Surface roughness data are presented. The effects of cutting speeds (1000-8000rpm), widths of cut (0.05-0.4mm) and cutting conditions (dry cutting and dry cutting with air coolant) are investigated. The results show that in high speed milling of hardened steels, when cutting speed surpasses a critical value, cutting forces decrease as cutting speed increasing; and the increasing of widths of cut causes the increase of cutting forces approximately lin

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Wu, Jing Quan, Guang Hui Li, Can Liu, and Guang Yu Tan. "Study on Prediction Models of Milling Force for T10 Hardened Steel." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.342.

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To represent the relation between force and cutting parameters in milling T10 hardened steel, single factor milling experiments with different cutting parameters were done. The experimental result showed that there exited maximum inflection point in force curve under different speeds, and the relation between force and cutting parameters could not be represented with an uniform mathmatical equation. Respective prediction modal of milling force in low speed and high speed were set up using least-square method, which was significant at level of α=0.0005, and its result of R- test was higher than

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Zhang, Wei, Hong Li Liu, Tong Wu, Xiao Yan Cui, and Feng Shun He. "Thermal Characteristics Analysis of Hardened Steel Die Transition Region in Machining Process." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.394.

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Due to the transition region with different hardness, the milling process of assembled hardened steel die is prone to generate flutter, which is hard to ensure surface integrity of workpiece. By establishing the finite element model, the milling process of assembled hardened steel die was calculated by the finite element method. Effects of cutting parameters on milling force and milling temperature were achieved by the above finite element analysis. The laws of the stress and the thermal field distribution in the assembled transition region are analyzed and discovered. The analysis results dem

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