Journal articles: 'MIMO'

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Sharma, Manmohan, Sunny Verma, and Shekhar Verma. "Optimization of Cell-Free Massive MIMO System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012056.

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Abstract As an innovative implementation, Cell-Free Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has appeared in typical Cellular Massive MIMO Networks. This protocol doesn’t recognize cells, as shown by its name, even though a significant number of APs operate on the same frequency/time resources. Connection from multiple distributed access points through joint signal processing is called Cell-Free Massive MIMO. The Cell-Free Massive MIMO System, a contrast between Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems and Distributed Massive MIMO, the prime focus in this thesis is on Cell-free Massive MIMO and, along with this discussion, on Cell-free Massive MIMO signal processing, Channel Estimation, Uplink Signal Detection, Cumulative Distribution, Spectral Efficiency & Ubiquitous Cell-Free Massive MIMO Model. Ubiquitous Cell-free Massive MIMO contributes to a Massive MIMO system, a distributed system that implements consistent user-centre distribution to solve that constraint of mobile phone interferences as well as to introduce macro-diversity. We investigated the Cell Radius at different locations in CDF with Spectral Efficiency [bits/s/hertz]. Cell-Free Massive MIMO is an evidence-based preventive of massive MIMOs with distributed high percentage APs that serve even lower margins. The cell-free model is not segregated into cells and any individual is concurrently represented by every Access point.

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Furuya, Toshiki, Mika Hayashi, and Kuniki Kino. "Reconstitution of Active Mycobacterial Binuclear Iron Monooxygenase Complex in Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 19 (July 26, 2013): 6033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01856-13.

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ABSTRACTBacterial binuclear iron monooxygenases play numerous physiological roles in oxidative metabolism. Monooxygenases of this type found in actinomycetes also catalyze various useful reactions and have attracted much attention as oxidation biocatalysts. However, difficulties in expressing these multicomponent monooxygenases in heterologous hosts, particularly inEscherichia coli, have hampered the development of engineered oxidation biocatalysts. Here, we describe a strategy to functionally express the mycobacterial binuclear iron monooxygenase MimABCD inEscherichia coli. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of themimABCDgene expression inE. colirevealed that the oxygenase components MimA and MimC were insoluble. Furthermore, although the reductase MimB was expressed at a low level in the soluble fraction ofE. colicells, a band corresponding to the coupling protein MimD was not evident. This situation rendered the transformedE. colicells inactive. We found that the following factors are important for functional expression of MimABCD inE. coli: coexpression of the specific chaperonin MimG, which caused MimA and MimC to be soluble inE. colicells, and the optimization of themimDnucleotide sequence, which led to efficient expression of this gene product. These two remedies enabled this multicomponent monooxygenase to be actively expressed inE. coli. The strategy described here should be generally applicable to theE. coliexpression of other actinomycetous binuclear iron monooxygenases and related enzymes and will accelerate the development of engineered oxidation biocatalysts for industrial processes.

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Kumar Sarangi, Ashish, Amrit Mukherjee, and Amlan Datta. "Capacity comparison of MIMO and cooperative MIMO." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10794.

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To achieve high capacity and high data rates is the main requirement for today’s generation. This paper studies about the performance and capacity comparison of MIMO and cooperative MIMO systems. The comparison of capacity between multiple- input- multiple- output (MIMO) and cooperative MIMO systems helps us to know that which system have better performance and better capacity. The simulation results shows that among SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO system the capacity of MIMO will be better but in between MIMO and cooperative MIMO, Cooperative MIMO system have high capacity than MIMO systems.

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Samardžić, Biljana, and Bojana Zlatković. "MODIFIED PYRAGAS METHOD FOR MULTIPLE SPATIAL LIMIT SETS AND CHAOS CONTROL IN MIMO CASCADE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 17, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1803165s.

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The modified Pyragas method for the multiple spatial limit sets and chaos control in MIMO cascade nonlinear systems is presented in this paper. Also, oscillatory and chaotic dynamic analysis of concrete MIMO3 cascade nonlinear system is performed before and after the application of control. Bifurcation diagrams and spatial phase portraits of uncontrolled and controlled MIMO3 system are used for the purposes of analysis.

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Liu, Lingjia, Runhua Chen, Stefan Geirhofer, Krishna Sayana, Zhihua Shi, and Yongxing Zhou. "Downlink MIMO in LTE-advanced: SU-MIMO vs. MU-MIMO." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 2 (February 2012): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6146493.

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Башкиров, А. В., И. В. Свиридова, and М. В. Хорошайлова. "USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MIMO DETECTION AND CHANNEL DECODING." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 3(-) (August 15, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.18.3.009.

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Предложен подход глубокого обучения для совместной задачи обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала. Обычные приемники MIMO применяют подход на основе существующей модели для обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала линейным или итеративным образом. Однако из-за сложной модели сигнала MIMO оптимальное решение проблемы совместного обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала (то есть декодирование с максимальной вероятностью переданных кодовых слов из принятых сигналов MIMO) невозможно с вычислительной точки зрения. В качестве практической меры все современные приемники MIMO на основе стандартных моделей используют неоптимальные методы декодирования MIMO с доступной вычислительной сложностью. В этой работе применяются последние достижения в области глубокого обучения для проектирования приемников MIMO. В частности, используем глубокие нейронные сети (DNN) с контролируемым обучением для решения проблемы совместного обнаружения MIMO и декодирования каналов. DNN можно обучить для обеспечения гораздо лучшей производительности декодирования, чем это делают обычные приемники MIMO. Моделирование показывает, что реализация DNN, состоящая из семи скрытых слоев, может превзойти традиционные линейные или итерационные приемники на основе используемых моделей. Это улучшение производительности указывает на новое направление для будущей конструкции приемников MIMO The article proposes a deep learning approach for the joint problem of MIMO detection and channel decoding. Conventional MIMO receivers use an existing model approach to detect MIMO and decode the channel in a linear or iterative manner. However, due to the complex model of the MIMO signal, an optimal solution to the problem of joint MIMO detection and channel decoding (i.e., maximum probability decoding of the transmitted codewords from the received MIMO signals) is computationally impossible. As a practical measure, all current standard model based MIMO receivers use sub-optimal MIMO decoding techniques with affordable computational complexity. This work applies the latest advances in deep learning to the design of MIMO receivers. In particular, we use deep neural networks (DNN) with supervised learning to solve the problem of joint MIMO detection and channel decoding. DNNs can be trained to provide much better decoding performance than conventional MIMO receivers. Simulations show that a DNN implementation consisting of seven hidden layers can outperform traditional linear or iterative receivers based on the models used. This performance improvement points to a new direction for future MIMO receiver design

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Ohtsuki, Tomoaki. "MIMO." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 60, no. 11 (2006): 1766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.60.1766.

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Handel, Peter, and Daniel Ronnow. "MIMO and Massive MIMO Transmitter Crosstalk." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 3 (March 2020): 1882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2959534.

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Marín-Soler, Adoración, Guillermo Ypiña-García, Álvaro Belda-Sanchiz, and Antonio M. Martínez-González. "MIMO Throughput Effectiveness for Basic MIMO OTA Compliance Testing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/495329.

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During the March 2011 meeting of the CTIA MIMO OTA Subgroup (MOSG), the members agreed that the subgroup should first determine “what” aspects of a MIMO-capable device require evaluation; then the group should determine “how” to go about making these measurements. In subsequent meetings of MOSG, new yet-unnamed figures of merit were asked for in order to provide a solution to the carriers' requirements for LTE MIMO OTA evaluation. Furthermore, the December 2011 3GPP RAN4 status report on LTE MIMO OTA listed the evaluation of the use of statistical performance analysis in order to minimize test time and help ensure accurate performance assessment as an open issue. This contribution addresses these petitions by providing four new figures of merit, which could serve the purpose of evaluating the operators' top priorities for MIMO OTA compliance testing. The new figures of merit are MIMO Throughput Effectiveness (MTE), MIMO Device Throughput Effectiveness (MDTE), MIMO Throughput Gain (MTG), and MIMO Device Throughput Gain (MDTG). In this paper, MTE is evaluated using the recently available LTE MIMO OTA RR data from 3GPP.

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Apsari Yuniari, Ni Putu Eka, Ni Made Ary Esta Dewi Wirastuti, and I. G. A. K. Diafari Djuni Hartawan. "PERBANDINGAN PERFORMANSI SISTEM MC-SS MIMO DENGAN OFDM MIMO." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.1502.02.

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Fan, Kuan, Chao Sun, Xionghou Liu, and Guangyu Jiang. "MIMO Sonar DOA Estimation with Joint Matched-Filtering Based on Transmission Diversity Smoothing." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203810006.

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There is a class of methods based on transmission diversity smoothing by multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) sonar called MIMO-TDS which is considered as one of the most effective methods for estimation of direction-of-arrival(DOA) using MIMO sonar systems. MIMO-TDS produced by orthogonal signal transmission for active sonar can be immediately implemented with high resolution algorithms such as MVDR to estimate the direction of received signals. However, the orthogonal transmission mode of MIMO-TDS is doomed to a loss of transmission array gain indirectly leading to the problem that the echoes are not equipped with as high SNR as enough for an accurate target localization, especially in scenarios in which the targets are far away from array. In order to solving the "low SNR" problem, a solution using all transmitted signals simultaneously to design a joint matched-filter intended for received signal is proposed to improve the performance of MIMO-TDS, which is inspired by the match-filtering concept of "MIMO sonar virtual array method" simplified as MIMO-VA. And accordingly, the unit impulse response function of proposed joint matched-filter is the equivalent of linear sum of all orthogonal transmitted signals and the modified MIMO-TDS is named as "joint matched-filtering MIMO sonar transmission diversity smoothing DOA estimation method", which could be simplified as MIMO-TDS-MF. The characteristic of proposed method is analyzed theoretically and compared to MIMO-TDS and MIMO-VA in this paper:Compared with MIMO-TDS, the proposed method not only retains the advantage of transmission diversity smoothing but also improves the SNR by joint match-filtering; What's more, compared with MIMO-VA, MIMO-TDS-MF is equipped with substantially less computation than the former due to an employment of much fewer matched-filters and is in possession of a superior robustness to that of MIMO-VA. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of proposed MIMO-TDS-MF.

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Hemrungrote, Sirichai, Toshikazu Hori, Mitoshi Fujimoto, and Kentaro Nishimori. "Channel Capacity Evaluation for Urban MIMO Systems Using Path Visibility." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 9, no. 1 (July 9, 2010): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201191.172335.

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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems are expected to improve the channel capacity over the limited bandwidth of existing wireless communication networks. The effects on the channel capacity characteristics of Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) systems in urban scenarios have been previously studied. In this paper, we first clarify that the larger number of antennas cannot contribute the improvement in the channel capacity in urban SU-MIMO scenarios due to the very high spatial correlation. Next, we focus on the MU-MIMO transmission because it can discriminate multiple users by the difference of Angle of Arrival (AOA). We compare the Multi Access Channel (MAC) capacity in the uplink to the capacity in SU-MIMO by considering the same total numbers of transmitting and receiving antennas between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. When the same numbers of the antenna elements are used, the better performance is obtained by urban MU-MIMO systems, unlike in the identical independent distributed (iid) scenarios which are generally assumed in MIMO transmission. Finally, the parameter called path visibility introduced in our previous study is playing an important role once again. It is de¯ned as the probability that the direct wave can be received at the receiving antenna and has been used to determine the channel capacity characteristics and provide guidance in determining the appropriate range for the base station (BS) installation in urban SU-MIMO scenarios. In this study, we clarify that only this single parameter, path visibility, can also be used to determine the improvement in the channel capacity by MU-MIMO in urban scenarios, while both of SNR and spatial correlation must be considered as the indicative parameters on the performance of SU/MU-MIMO in conventional studies.

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Xie, Bingqian. "The Analysis of MIMO Communication." Applied and Computational Engineering 115, no. 1 (December 19, 2024): 197–201. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.18526.

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Communication technologies have developed fast from the First Generation (1G) of mobile communication networks to the Fifth (5G) in 40 years. However, they cannot meet the growing communication requirements of exponentially increasing connected devices. To support these requirements, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology has gained extensive attention from researchers for its large channel capacity, high signal reliability and high spectral efficiency. The purpose of this essay is to review the present MIMO technology and critically analyze the challenge of the moment, providing some viable solutions. By analyzing published articles, there are some discoveries that some MIMO technologies have outstanding performance in practical application, like massive MIMO (mMIMO), with others being considered to have potential but having technical obstacles such as terahertz MIMO. In the first part of this article, some main MIMO technologies will be introduced, including mMIMO, Full-Duplex MIMO, Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), AI-Driven MIMO Optimization and mmWave/terahertz MIMO. The second section will provide several development challenges of MIMO technology, while appropriate solutions will also be listed. Lastly, a conclusion will be drawn.

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Getu, B. N., and J. B. Andersen. "The MIMO cube - a compact MIMO antenna." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 4, no. 3 (May 2005): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2005.846997.

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Wang, Jui Teng. "Switching between MIMO-TDMA and MIMO-CDMA." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 26, no. 3 (November 23, 2012): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2604.

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Harkat, Houda, Paulo Monteiro, Atilio Gameiro, Fernando Guiomar, and Hasmath Farhana Thariq Ahmed. "A Survey on MIMO-OFDM Systems: Review of Recent Trends." Signals 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 359–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3020023.

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MIMO-OFDM is a key technology and a strong candidate for 5G telecommunication systems. In the literature, there is no convenient survey study that rounds up all the necessary points to be investigated concerning such systems. The current deeper review paper inspects and interprets the state of the art and addresses several research axes related to MIMO-OFDM systems. Two topics have received special attention: MIMO waveforms and MIMO-OFDM channel estimation. The existing MIMO hardware and software innovations, in addition to the MIMO-OFDM equalization techniques, are discussed concisely. In the literature, only a few authors have discussed the MIMO channel estimation and modeling problems for a variety of MIMO systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been until now no review paper specifically discussing the recent works concerning channel estimation and the equalization process for MIMO-OFDM systems. Hence, the current work focuses on analyzing the recently used algorithms in the field, which could be a rich reference for researchers. Moreover, some research perspectives are identified.

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Qamar, Faizan, Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi, Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin, Muhammad Tayyab, and Quang Ngoc Nguyen. "Multi-Antenna Array-Based Massive MIMO for B5G/6G: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Research Directions." Information 15, no. 8 (July 29, 2024): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15080442.

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This comprehensive article explores the massive MIMO (M-MIMO) design and its associated concepts, focusing on the seamless integration requirements for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks. Addressing critical aspects such as RF chain reduction, pilot contamination, cell-free MIMO, and security considerations, this article delves into the intricacies of M-MIMO in the evolving landscape of B5G. Moreover, the emerging MIMO concepts in this article include AI-enabled M-MIMO three-dimensional beamforming, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, visible light communication, and THz spectrum utilization. This review highlights the challenges and open research issues, including Narrow Aperture Antenna Nodes, Plasmonic Antenna Arrays, Integrated Sensing with M-MIMO, and the application of federated learning in M-MIMO systems. By examining these cutting-edge developments, this article aims to advance knowledge in the field and inspire future research directions in the exciting realm of B5G and 6G networks.

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Mishra, Saurabh, Rakesh Ranjan, Sonika Singh, and Gagan Singh. "Latency and Residual Energy Analysis of MIMO Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 16, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2024.16201.

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Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes, Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments. Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and healthcare applications. This research paper presents a comparative performance analysis of MIMO wireless sensor networks and traditional wireless sensor networks without MIMO using Network Simulator NS2.35 for analysis of End to End Delay for packet transmission and Residual energy of nodes. The research work shows application of MIMO in Wireless Sensor Networks with considerable improvements in Quality of Service parameters which is achieved through Spatial Multiplexing and Diversity Gain. MIMO enables multiple spatial streams, allowing several data streams to be transmitted simultaneously on the same channel. This increases the overall throughput as multiple sensors can transmit their data concurrently without interference. MIMO systems also provide diversity gain by transmitting multiple copies of the same data over different antennas which helps in mitigating the effects of fading and interference, resulting in a more reliable and higher-throughput communication link as compared to a SISO channel. Another advantage of employing MIMO in WSN is reduction in End-to-End delays in data transmission. Last but not the least, MIMO can be configured to optimize the power consumption of individual sensors by adjusting the number of antennas used and transmission power levels based on channel conditions. Hence, MIMO can help to extend the network's lifetime by conserving energy in resource-constrained sensor nodes by preservation of Residual Energy.

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Widjaja, Damar, and Yakobus Agung Purwanto. "Transmisi Data Citra pada Sistem Komunikasi Nirkabel dengan Teknik MIMO." KONSTELASI: Konvergensi Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 1, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/konstelasi.v1i2.4304.

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Wireless data communication systems using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique in its transmission system has been well developed to solve many transmission media problems. This study aims to analyse the performance of MIMO 2x2 and MIMO 4x4 using image data. Encoding technique that is used in this study is Space Time Block Coding (STBC) by Alamouti. The result of this study shows that wireless communication system using MIMO technique is able to recover the image data on the receiver side the same as the image data on the transmitter side when SNR = 6.5dB for MIMO 2x2 and SNR = 4.5dB for MIMO 4x4.

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Remlein, Piotr. "Multiuser cpm transmission for mimo systems." Image Processing & Communications 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0093-0.

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Abstract Frequency-Division Multiplexed Continuous Phase Modulation (FDM-CPM) systems with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission are investigated. In this paper, a multiuser reception scheme for CPM MIMO transmission is presented. The analyzed system is designed to achieve high spectral efficiency by exploiting the multiplexing gain of MIMO techniques. To take advantage of the multiplexing gain of MIMO systems, a Zero Forcing (ZF) MIMO detector and a low-complexity iterative algorithm for Inter- Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation are considered. Numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance improvement achieved with the proposed frequency-division multiplexed CPM multiuser MIMO system

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Liu, Qinghua, Chang Jiang, Liangnian Jin, and Shan Ouyang. "Detection of Subsurface Target Based on FDA-MIMO Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (December 23, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8629806.

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As a new type of radar, the FDA-MIMO radar has a good improvement on side lobe suppression and target detection performance compared with the conventional MIMO radar. However, the existing researches on FDA-MIMO radar are almost based on far-field. In this paper, FDA-MIMO radar is applied to the detection of subsurface targets. Aimed at near-subsurface targets, we formulated the signal model of FDA-MIMO radar and combined it with the algorithm of grid of beam (GOB) to detect. Compared with conventional MIMO radar detection, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed method through theoretical simulation.

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Kim, Younsun, Hyoungju Ji, Juho Lee, Young-Han Nam, Boon Loong Ng, Ioannis Tzanidis, Yang Li, and Jianzhong Zhang. "Full dimension mimo (FD-MIMO): the next evolution of MIMO in LTE systems." IEEE Wireless Communications 21, no. 2 (April 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2014.6812288.

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Kim, Younsun, Hyoungju Ji, Juho Lee, Young-Han Nam, Boon Loong Ng, Ioannis Tzanidis, Yang Li, and Jianzhong Zhang. "Full dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO): The next evolution of MIMO in LTE systems." IEEE Wireless Communications 21, no. 3 (June 2014): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2014.6845053.

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Rojhani, Neda, Marco Passafiume, Matteo Lucarelli, Giovanni Collodi, and Alessandro Cidronali. "Assessment of Compressive Sensing 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna Design for Millimeter-Wave Radar Image Enhancement." Electronics 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040624.

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This paper presents a microstrip array antenna designed for a 2 × 2 Compressive Sensing Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (CS-MIMO) millimeter-wave radar operating at 37.5 GHz. The CS-MIMO linear array antenna is designed to obtain an optimal aperture by seeking a suitable random pattern for the antenna positions. Applying CS allows a considerable reduction in the number of antennas respect to a dense array based on the Nyquist criterion. In this study, we report all possible configurations of 2 × 2 CS-MIMO by placing antennas in random positions, plus their compression ratio. Finally, by selecting the proper design, we examine the experimental validation of the CS-MIMO antenna prototype by comparing measurements and simulations with a Standard MIMO (Std-MIMO) antenna prototype as a benchmark. The experimental results show that the angular resolution can be increased through a random array CS-MIMO by a factor of at least 2.9 respect to Std-MIMO while preserving the radar field of view.

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Naeem, Muddasar, Giuseppe De Pietro, and Antonio Coronato. "Application of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010309.

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The current wireless communication infrastructure has to face exponential development in mobile traffic size, which demands high data rate, reliability, and low latency. MIMO systems and their variants (i.e., Multi-User MIMO and Massive MIMO) are the most promising 5G wireless communication systems technology due to their high system throughput and data rate. However, the most significant challenges in MIMO communication are substantial problems in exploiting the multiple-antenna and computational complexity. The recent success of RL and DL introduces novel and powerful tools that mitigate issues in MIMO communication systems. This article focuses on RL and DL techniques for MIMO systems by presenting a comprehensive review on the integration between the two areas. We first briefly provide the necessary background to RL, DL, and MIMO. Second, potential RL and DL applications for different MIMO issues, such as detection, classification, and compression; channel estimation; positioning, sensing, and localization; CSI acquisition and feedback, security, and robustness; mmWave communication and resource allocation, are presented.

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Chowdhuri, Swati, Sayan Chakraborty, Nilanjan Dey, Ahmad Taher Azar, Mohammed Abdel-Megeed M. Salem, Sheli Sinha Chaudhury, and Pranab Banerjee. "Recent Research on Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) based Mobile ad hoc Network." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2014070104.

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Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) and Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) communication are emerging techniques in modern communication system. MIMO and MANET have various applications in the wireless communication system. This paper presents a survey on recent advancement of MIMO implemented mobile ad hoc network. A review of more than 40 papers on MIMO communication based mobile ad hoc network and most of the related topics is presented in this work. This paper shows the significant contribution in the field of MIMO communication and mobile ad hoc network. Previous works in this domain can be categorized into four major areas: (a) Mathematical modeling of MIMO channel and Ad hoc networks, (b) Physical Scattering Model of MIMO channel considering fading (c) Spatial multiplexing (OFDM) technique with MIMO channel, (d) Analysis of transmission efficiency of packet radio network. The review paper establishes the advancement in these four areas as well as recent changes in advance communication and networking environments.

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Mu, Tong, and Yaoliang Song. "Target range–angle estimation based on time reversal FDA-MIMO radar." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001351.

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AbstractDifferent from traditional multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radar, the frequency diverse array MIMO (FDA-MIMO) radar generates beampattern that is dependent on both range and angle, making it applicable for joint range–angle estimation of targets. In this paper, we propose a novel time reversal based FDA-MIMO (TR-FDA-MIMO) approach for target detection. Based on the time reversal theory, the TR-FDA-MIMO signal model is established, the TR transmitting–receiving and signal processing procedure are analyzed, and the resulting range–angle spectra for targets imaging are acquired by utilizing the multiple signal classification algorithm. Numerical simulations are carried out for both single and multiple targets cases. The imaging resolution and robustness to the noise of the proposed approach are investigated and results are compared with conventional FDA-MIMO radar. It turned out that by cooperating with TR, the performance of FDA-MIMO radar for target range–angle estimation is effectively enhanced, consequently improving its applicability in practical target-detecting cases.

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Hosseiny, B., J. Amini, and H. Aghababaei. "INTERFEROMETRIC PROCESSING OF A DEVELOPED MIMO GBSAR FOR DISPLACEMENT MONITORING." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 13, 2023): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-301-2023.

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Abstract. This study demonstrates the interferometric processing experiments of our developed multiple-input multiple-output ground-based synthetic aperture radar (MIMO GBSAR) system. GBSAR systems are known as precise noncontact instruments for monitoring earth dynamics. In recent years W band MIMO radars have shown interesting potential in this field due to their low cost, compact size, and high phase sensitivity. MIMO capability enables the angular discrimination of multiple targets in the same range as the radar sensor. In our previous works, we developed a high-resolution MIMO GBSAR system based on the combination of MIMO radar and mechanical rail. Accordingly, this study investigates the developed system’s displacement monitoring capability by presenting a controlled experiment, using fixed and moving corner reflectors and gathering 36 time series of data. We compare and discuss the results obtained from MIMO GBSAR and MIMO radar configurations. The results show that our developed system highly agrees with MIMO radar’s interferometric measurements while providing a better target discrimination capability and higher signal noise ratio.

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Prayitno, R. A., N. M. A. E. D. Wirastuti, and I. G. A. K. D. D. Hartawan. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA ZERO FORCING EQUALIZER PADA SISTEM OFDM MIMO." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2018.v05.i01.p10.

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Wireless network is one of the most important things in the development of telecommunication. However, the existing wireless technology has not been able to efficiently create a very high data rate because it was very sensitive to fading. Therefore, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology combined with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transceiver system was used to gain more diversity and bandwidth efficiency. The propagation performed on the OFDM MIMO system was multipath propagation. To reduce Intersymbol Interference (ISI) was used Zero Forcing (ZF) equalizer which works by combining channel response and equalizer response itself to eliminate ISI. This study aims to determine the effect of Zero Forcing Equalizer on OFDM MIMO system using rayleigh fading channel and compared the result with OFDM MIMO STBC system. The research method used was simulation using MatLab R2015a. The simulation results showed that the performance of OFDM MIMO ZF system was worse than OFDM MIMO STBC system i.e BER vs EbNo simulation, eye diagram simulation, and constellation diagram simulation. The OFDM MIMO ZF system was required an Eb / No value more than 25 dB to achieve BER 10-4 while the OFDM MIMO STBC system only required an Eb / No value of 10.5 dB to achieve BER 10-4. The eye pattern generated by the OFDM MIMO ZF system was more closed and the dispersion of constellation signals away from the ideal point while OFDM MIMO STBC system displayed a more open eye pattern and the dispersion of its constellation signal closer to the ideal point. It indicated more ISI occurs in the OFDM MIMO ZF system than that in OFDM MIMO STBC system.

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Wen, Ruyue, Hua Zhang, and Luping Xu. "An Efficient Dynamic Engineering Implementation Architecture for MIMO Radar System." Remote Sensing 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2025): 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050832.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can significantly improve radar system resolution and target detection ability and become the core technology in millimeter-wave radar systems. Each antenna of a MIMO radar system generates a separate data stream, resulting in an exponential increase in the amount of data. The MIMO radar system needs to process these data efficiently and quickly to ensure the real-time performance of the system. Conventional MIMO radar engineering systems have difficulty meeting the efficient processing requirements for large data volume processing, and an efficient dynamic engineering implementation architecture for a MIMO radar system is necessary. In such cases, we analyze the MIMO radar engineering system principle and propose an efficient dynamic MIMO radar engineering implementation architecture, which reduces the data storage step after the Doppler fast Fourier transform (FFT) and improves the storage efficiency and processing speed. In addition, we validate the effectiveness of the method by implementing it on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The results show that the method is better than the conventional MIMO radar engineering implementation architecture regarding storage resource consumption and processing speed. Specifically, for the same antenna channel data volume, the MIMO radar system with the proposed architecture achieves a 50% reduction in storage resource consumption and a 15% improvement in processing speed compared to the conventional architecture. The proposed architecture demonstrates better antenna array compatibility across different antenna arrays. This work provides new ideas and methods for the efficient engineering implementation of MIMO radar systems. This work can support the practical application of MIMO radar, especially the engineering applications of large-scale array MIMO radar systems.

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Devi.J, Anjana, Dr R. Dhaya, and Dr R. Kanthavel. "A Survey on Multi-Layer Mimo for Lte/Lte-Advanced." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18972.

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The primary intention of the paper is to explore on various Multi-Layer MIMO approaches for the higher system performance. MIMO technique is said to be the key technology in LTE-A to achieve the spatial diversity in the system. Multi-Layer MIMO is the enhancement to the MIMO technology where multiple streams of data could be transferred to different layers for optimization with increased capacity in the network in high SNR condition. In a massive MIMO system, the cell interference hinders the system performance due to high channel dimensionality. The main design objective of the Multi-Layer MIMO techniques studied is to reduce the Cell Interference with lower complexity.

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Uçak, Kemal, and Beyza Nur Arslantürk. "Adaptive MIMO fuzzy PID controller based on peak observer." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 13, no. 2 (July 9, 2023): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.2023.1247.

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In this paper, a novel peak observer based adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has been introduced for MIMO time delay systems. The adaptation mechanism proposed by Qiao and Mizumoto [1] for single-input single-output (SISO) systems has been enhanced for MIMO system adaptive control. The tracking, stabilization and disturbance rejection performances of the proposed adaptation mechanism have been evaluated for MIMO systems by comparing with non-adaptive fuzzy PID and classical PID controllers. The obtained results indicate that the introduced adjustment mechanism for MIMO fuzzy PID controller can be successfully deployed for MIMO time delay systems.

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Czawka, Giennadij, and Marek Garbaruk. "Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-011-0013-z.

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Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems This paper presents a theoretical matrix analysis of antenna structure consisting of two double-element planar antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) application in 2*2 MIMO indoor communication systems. The structure and characteristics of pla-nar two-element UWB antenna are presented. Two matrix models of MIMO antenna system are represented in the paper. A stan-dard MIMO signal transmission matrix without taking into con-sideration the coupling between antennas is described. A new ap-proach to a full electromagnetic analysis based on the scattering matrix of the MIMO spatial antenna array is proposed. Func-tional power parameters for the whole MIMO UWB transmit-receive antenna structure are introduced. Results of computer si-mulations of different matrices describing a MIMO antenna sys-tem and the transmission propagation pulses are presented.

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Vasylkivskyi, M., O. Boldyreva, G. Vargatyuk, and N. Grabchak. "Коригування параметрів мобільних систем MIMO із використанням штучного інтелекту." COMPUTER-INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRODUCTION, no. 51 (June 22, 2023): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/6775-2524-0560-2023-51-18.

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Розглянуто методи імітаційного проектування систем MIMO з використанням штучного інтелекту. Генетичні алгоритми можуть бути використані для оптимізації конфігурації антен та параметрів системи MIMO. ШІ може моделювати різні комбінації параметрів, оцінювати їх продуктивність і еволюційним чином визначати оптимальні налаштування. Нейронні мережі можуть використовуватись для прогнозування каналу зв'язку та оптимізації передавальних стратегій. Вони можуть навчитись моделювати складні взаємозв'язки між властивостями каналу та продуктивністю системи MIMO. Методи навчання з підкріпленням можуть бути використані для вирішення проблеми керування передачею сигналу в системі MIMO. ШІ може взаємодіяти з динамічним середовищем, навчатись оптимальним стратегіям передачі сигналу та підлаштовувати їх в реальному часі. ШІ може використовуватись для розробки алгоритмів підтримки рішень у системах MIMO. Це може включати прийняття рішень про вибір оптимального режиму передачі, зміну налаштувань антен чи каналів відповідно до зміни умов зв'язку. Також ШІ може використовувати автоматичне навчання для адаптації системи MIMO до змінних умов зв'язку. Результати досліджень мобільних систем MIMO з використанням штучного інтелекту формують передумови для розширення можливостей та покращення продуктивності таких систем за допомогою інтеграції ШІ-технологій. Використання ШІ дозволяє вирішувати задачі оптимізації та автоматичного налаштування параметрів систем MIMO, оскільки ШІ може ефективно аналізувати великі обсяги даних, моделювати різні сценарії та встановлювати оптимальні налаштування, що приводить до покращення продуктивності системи MIMO. ШІ може використовуватись для прогнозування властивостей каналу зв'язку у системах MIMO та управління каналом в режимі реального часу. Він може аналізувати стан каналу, прогнозувати його зміни та адаптивно реагувати на них, що сприяє покращенню якості зв'язку. Також ШІ може використовуватись для вирішення проблеми інтерференції, яка виникає в системах MIMO за рахунок можливості аналізувати та управляти розподілом потужності між антенами, визначати оптимальні стратегії передачі сигналів та забезпечувати мінімізацію впливу інтерференції на якість зв'язку. У підсумку, ШІ дозволяє системам MIMO адаптуватись до змінних умов зв'язку, таких як зміна шуму, інтерференції, рухливість користувачів. Таким чином, моделювання мобільних систем MIMO з використанням штучного інтелекту має практичну значимість, оскільки дозволяє покращити продуктивність, знизити витрати, підвищити енергоефективність та покращити якість обслуговування користувачів в мобільних мережах

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Hasan, Md Mhedi, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Touhidul Alam, Hatem Rmili, Ahmed Alzamil, Md Shabiul Islam, and Mohamed S. Soliman. "A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041751.

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This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λmin at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25–5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λmin × 0.65λmin × 0.02λmin. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λmin air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.045, a greater diversity gain (DG) of near 10 dB (>9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of <0.35 b/s/Hz and excellent multiplexing efficiency (ME) of higher than −1.4 dB. The proposed MIMO concept is confirmed by fabricating and testing the developed MIMO structure. In contrast to the recent relevant works, the proposed antenna is compact in size, while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics, with strong MIMO performance. Thus, the proposed concept could be a potential approach to the 5G MIMO antenna system.

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Shamsan, Z. A. "Statistical Analysis of 5G Channel Propagation using MIMO and Massive MIMO Technologies." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 4 (August 21, 2021): 7417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4264.

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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and massive MIMO technologies play a significant role in mitigating five generation (5G) channel propagation impairments. These impairments increase as frequency increases, and they become worse at millimeter-waves (mmWaves). They include difficulties of material penetration, Line-of-Sight (LoS) inflexibility, small cell coverage, weather circumstances, etc. This paper simulates the 5G channel at the E-band frequency using the Monte Carlo approach-based NYUSIM tool. The urban microcell (UMi) is the communication environment of this simulation. Both MIMO and massive MIMO use uniformly spaced rectangular antenna arrays (URA). This study investigates the effects of MIMO and massive MIMO on LOS and Non-LOS (NLOS) environments. The simulations considered directional and omnidirectional antennas, the Power Delay Profile (PDP), Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread, and small-scale PDP for both LOS and NLOS environments. As expected, the wide variety of the results showed that the massive MIMO antenna outperforms the MIMO antenna, especially in terms of the signal power received at the end-user and for longer path lengths.

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Riswanto, Hegya Biwana, Ilham Erlangga Dwi Putra Sati, Muhammad Rizky, Figa Aghani Rosyid, and Alfin Hikmaturokhman. "Dampak MU-MIMO dan SU-MIMO Pada Perencanaan Jaringan Seluler 2300 MHz: Studi Komprehensif di Kota Cilacap." Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Elektro 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jrre.v6i1.20921.

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Penelitian ini berfokus pada perencanaan cakupan jaringan seluler di Kota Cilacap dengan frekuensi 2300 Mhz, membandingkan dua skenario utama, yaitu MU-MIMO dan SU-MIMO. Frekuensi 2300 Mhz dipilih untuk kapasitas tinggi, meskipun menghadapi tantangan urban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MU-MIMO meningkatkan efisiensi spektral pengguna rata-rata, sedangkan penggunaan eksklusif SU-MIMO mungkin mengurangi efisiensi di tepi sel. Namun, berdasarkan hasil pengujian, SU-MIMO menunjukkan keunggulan dalam jangkauan sinyal dengan rata-rata -90,54 dan rasio sinyal terhadap gangguan (C/(I+N)) dengan rata-rata 4,31. Sementara itu, MU-MIMO menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang lebih tinggi dalam analisis sinyal efektif dengan rata-rata -117,29. Dalam hal throughput, kedua teknologi menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang sebanding, yaitu 3.318,58 untuk MU-MIMO dan 3.688,24 untuk SU-MIMO. Kota Cilacap, sebagai pusat pertumbuhan urban, dengan lebih dari 750.000 jiwa pada tahun 2023, menghadapi peningkatan kepadatan penduduk. Simulasi penelitian melibatkan luas wilayah, link budget, dan perhitungan cakupan penduduk, dengan tujuan memaksimalkan penyebaran jaringan di setiap sudut Kota Cilacap, memberikan kontribusi strategis dalam pengembangan infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang mengikuti dinamika perkembangan perkotaan.

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S. N. V. J. Devi Kosuru. "A Comparative Assessment for Examining the Performance of Reconfigurable Multiband MIMO Antennas for Communication Systems." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 10s (February 1, 2025): 841–54. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i10s.1533.

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This overview discusses various MIMO Antennas used in wireless communications. MIMO Antennas play an important role in day-to-day communications in the current age scenario. Many research activities in the field of MIMO antennas have already been proposed within the last decade. The reconfigurability of reconfigurable antennas is used to meet the ever-changing scenarios and operating requirements. Reconfigurability in terms of polarization is critical in MIMO systems because they require multiple inputs to reduce fading. In this survey, we explain distinct MIMO Antennas and about their parameters. This research article will also cover the various MIMO antennas with specifically artificial components and their influence on reducing The majority of MIMO antennas suffer from the unfortunate results of Mutual Coupling (MC), low radiation gain, and insufficient information taking care of limit because of restricted range. We will examine mutual coupling and cross polarisation between antenna parts as well as address surface currents. ECC and MIMo antenna competence are also important in dissecting the presentation of an antenna.

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ARYANTA, DWI. "Analisis Kinerja Single User Troughput 5G NR pada Sel Indoor dengan Antena MIMO." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 10, no. 3 (July 19, 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v10i3.500.

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ABSTRAKTeknologi seluler 5G New Radio (NR) melalui penggunaan mmWave dengan bandwidth dan MIMO yang besar dapat memberikan layanan berkecepatan tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis Single User Throughput (SUT) layanan teknologi 5G pada sel indoor melalui penerapan konfigurasi bandwidth hingga 100 MHz dan MIMO hingga 16x16. Perhitungan menerapkan formula ETSI dan OFCOM pada numerology 1, 64-QAM, serta target data rate mengacu pada layanan MBB live video 300 MBps, Cloud VR 150 Mbps, Video streaming 4K 50 Mbps, dan industrial control 10 Mbps. Hasil analisis menunjukkan layanan MBB Live Video dapat dipenuhi pada bandwidth 10 MHz MIMO 16x16, bandwidth 40 MHz MIMO ≥ 4x4, serta seluruh variasi MIMO pada bandwidth 80 MHz dan 100 MHz. Layanan industrial control dapat dipenuhi oleh seluruh kombinasi bandwidth dan MIMO. Pada penggunaan SINR sampai dengan 25 dB, SUT mencapai nilai maksimum konstan pada nilai SINR  23 dB dengan kondisi nilai efisiensi 4,46 bps/Hz.Kata kunci: SUT, 5G, new radio, sel indoor, MIMO, bandwidth. ABSTRACT5G New Radio (NR) cellular technology through the use of mmWave with large bandwidth and MIMO can provide high-speed services. In this study, a Single User Throughput (SUT) analysis of 5G technology services was carried out on indoor cells through the application of bandwidth configurations up to 100 MHz and MIMO up to 16x16. The calculation applies the ETSI and OFCOM formulas on numerology 1, 64-QAM, and the target data rate refers to the 300 MBps live video MBB service, 150 Mbps Cloud VR, 4K 50 Mbps video streaming, and 10 Mbps industrial control. The results of the analysis show that the MBB Live Video service can be fulfilled at a bandwidth of 10 MHz MIMO 16x16, a bandwidth of 40 MHz MIMO ≥ 4x4, and all variations of MIMO on a bandwidth of 80 MHz and 100 MHz. Industrial control services can be fulfilled by all combinations of bandwidth and MIMO. In the use of SINR up to 25 dB, SUT reaches a constant maximum value at a SINR value of ≥ 23 dB with an efficiency value of 4.46 bps / Hz. Keywords: SUT, 5G, new radio, indoor cell, MIMO, bandwidth.

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Sheu, Jeng-Shin, and Kuan-Ming Huang. "Performance Comparison for Single-User and Multi-User Network MIMO Cellular Systems with Power Management." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 10298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110298.

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Cellular mobile systems aim at aggressive spectrum reuse to achieve high spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, this leads to unacceptable interference near cell borders. To control this, network multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) can be adopted to improve coverage and cell-edge throughput through multi-cell cooperation. With network MIMO, multiple geographically separated base stations (BSs) cooperatively serve their cell-edge users (CEUs) using their antennas, acting together as a network of distributed antenna array. It can be single-user (SU) or multi-user (MU) network MIMO by coordinating channel allocation in adjacent cells. In this paper, we make a capacity comparison of SU- and MU-network MIMO. In network MIMO, a collaborative BS simultaneously serves its own cell-center users (CCUs) and CEUs, and the CEUs of other partner BSs under a power constraint. As a result, power management among three types of users (intra-cell CCUs/CEUs, inter-cell CEUs) becomes necessary. Accordingly, we propose power management methods to help raise the signal strength of inter-cell CEUs and in the meantime gratify the performance of intra-cell users. Simulation results show that MU-network MIMO with superposition coding offers much better CEU capacity than SU-network MIMO. As for the CCU capacity, MU-network MIMO is generally better than SU-network MIMO.

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Chataut, Robin, and Robert Akl. "Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102753.

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The global bandwidth shortage in the wireless communication sector has motivated the study and exploration of wireless access technology known as massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Massive MIMO is one of the key enabling technology for next-generation networks, which groups together antennas at both transmitter and the receiver to provide high spectral and energy efficiency using relatively simple processing. Obtaining a better understating of the massive MIMO system to overcome the fundamental issues of this technology is vital for the successful deployment of 5G—and beyond—networks to realize various applications of the intelligent sensing system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the key enabling technologies required for 5G and 6G networks, highlighting the massive MIMO systems. We discuss all the fundamental challenges related to pilot contamination, channel estimation, precoding, user scheduling, energy efficiency, and signal detection in a massive MIMO system and discuss some state-of-the-art mitigation techniques. We outline recent trends such as terahertz communication, ultra massive MIMO (UM-MIMO), visible light communication (VLC), machine learning, and deep learning for massive MIMO systems. Additionally, we discuss crucial open research issues that direct future research in massive MIMO systems for 5G and beyond networks.

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Liu, Kai, Fanwei Meng, Shengya Meng, and Chonghui Wang. "Robust Controller Design for Multi-Input Multi-Output Systems Using Coefficient Diagram Method." Entropy 23, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091180.

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The coupling between variables in the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems brings difficulties to the design of the controller. Aiming at this problem, this paper combines the particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the coefficient diagram method (CDM) and proposes a robust controller design strategy for the MIMO systems. The decoupling problem is transformed into a compensator parameter optimization problem, and PSO optimizes the compensator parameters to reduce the coupling effect in the MIMO systems. For the MIMO system with measurement noise, the effectiveness of CDM in processing measurement noise is analyzed. This paper gives the control design steps of the MIMO systems. Finally, simulation experiments of four typical MIMO systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Gutiérrez, Jesús, Jesús Ibáñez, and Jesús Pérez. "MIMO OTA Testing Based on Transmit Signal Processing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/670154.

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Usually, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) testbeds are combined with channel emulators for testing devices and algorithms under controlled channel conditions. In this work, we propose a simple methodology that allows over-the-air (OTA) MIMO testing using a MIMO testbed solely, avoiding the use of channel emulators. The MIMO channel is emulated by linearly combining the signals at the testbed transmitter. The method is fully flexible, so it is able to emulate any equivalent baseband narrowband MIMO channel by adequately selecting the weights of the linear combination. We derive closed-form expressions for the computation of such weights. To prove its feasibility, the method has been implemented and tested over a commercial MIMO testbed.

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Ma, Hao, Jun Wang, Xin Sun, and Wenxin Jin. "Integrated Waveform Design Based on UAV MIMO Joint Radar Communication." Information 14, no. 8 (August 12, 2023): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14080455.

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The problem of orthogonal waveform construction in multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) radar communication integration greatly limits the realization of integration technology. In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) MIMO antenna scenario, an orthogonal integrated waveform suitable for a MIMO antenna is designed using a sub−LFM−BPSK waveform combined with a chaotic spread spectrum code. After spread spectrum processing, each MIMO antenna transmits different communication data for orthogonal spread spectrum processing, which is suitable for the omnidirectional detection of MIMO application scenarios; moreover, the closed-form expressions of the integrated orthogonal waveform under certain constraints are derived. Finally, the simulation proves that the integrated orthogonal waveform set in the UAV MIMO scenario has excellent radar detection and communication capabilities.

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Chen, Xiaoming. "Spatial Correlation and Ergodic Capacity of MIMO Channel in Reverberation Chamber." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/939104.

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It has previously been shown that a reverberation chamber can conveniently be used to measure ergodic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity for over-the-air (OTA) tests. However, the MIMO channel in the reverberation chamber has not been fully studied before. In this paper, the spatial correlation of the MIMO channel in the chamber is studied by comparing the measured channel with two popular MIMO channel models. It is shown that the models can accurately predict the ergodic MIMO capacity of the channel in the reverberation chamber, but not the outage capacity (especially at high signal-to-noise regime). It is verified that the capacity estimation error is due to the fact that the measured MIMO channel in the chamber does not satisfy multivariate normality (MVN), which causes the capacity error increases additively with MIMO size and multiplicatively with signal-to-noise (SNR).

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Salsabila, Salwa, Rina Pudjiastuti, Levy Olivia Nur, Harfan Hian Ryanu, and Bambang Setia Nugroho. "Scalable modular massive MIMO antenna of rectangular truncated corner patch antenna and circular slotted X patch antenna for 5G antenna communication." JURNAL INFOTEL 15, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v15i3.962.

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Massive MIMO Antenna Design results in a very large antenna size that hinders the design process. The arrangement of Massive MIMO Antennas which consists of many antenna elements is a challenge in the design process due to the limited capability of the simulation software and the complicated process. Thus, a scalability technique is used to predict the specification results produced by a Massive MIMO Antenna array with a certain configuration based on a simple MIMO Antenna array with a 2x2, 4x4, 8x8, 16x16 MIMO element configuration scheme, etc. exponential increments. This research will discuss the scaling process to predict the specifications of a Massive MIMO Antenna array. The designed MIMO antenna arrangement is based on the design of a rectangular antenna with a truncated corner and a circular antenna with an X slot for further design with various types of configurations that work at a frequency of 3.5 GHz.

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Raj, Tej, Ranjan Mishra, Pradeep Kumar, and Ankush Kapoor. "Advances in MIMO Antenna Design for 5G: A Comprehensive Review." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 6329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146329.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has emerged as a highly promising solution for wireless communication, offering an opportunity to overcome the limitations of traffic capacity in high-speed broadband wireless network access. By utilizing multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends, the MIMO system enhances the efficiency and performance of wireless communication systems. This manuscript specifies a comprehensive review of MIMO antenna design approaches for fifth generation (5G) and beyond. With an introductory glimpse of cellular generation and the frequency spectrum for 5G, profound key enabling technologies for 5G mobile communication are presented. A detailed analysis of MIMO performance parameters in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and isolation is presented along with the advantages of MIMO technology over conventional SISO systems. MIMO is characterized and the performance is compared based on wideband/ultra-wideband, multiband/reconfigurable, circular polarized wideband/circular polarized ultra-wideband/circular polarized multiband, and reconfigurable categories. The design approaches of MIMO antennas for various 5G bands are discussed. It is subsequently enriched with the detailed studies of wideband (WB)/ultra-wideband (UWB), multiband, and circular polarized MIMO antennas with different design techniques. A good MIMO antenna system should be well decoupled among different ports to enhance its performance, and hence isolation among different ports is a crucial factor in designing high-performance MIMO antennas. A summary of design approaches with improved isolation is presented. The manuscript summarizes the various MIMO antenna design aspects for NR FR-1 (new radio frequency range) and NR FR-2, which will benefit researchers in the field of 5G and forthcoming cellular generations.

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Wang, Jing Fang. "Multi-Target Direction Measurement of Bistatic MIMO Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2797.

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Multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) radar has been widespread concern in the domestic and foreign researchers. Bistatic radar draws on the great success of MIMO technology in the communications field, and it has many advantages over conventional radar. The direction angles estimations of bistatic MIMO radar are researched. To contrast traditional radar DOA estimates, the direction vector of the bistatic MIMO radar is the Knonecker plot of the emission vector and reception vector, that two-dimensional direction angles is estimated. To solve this problem, the principle of bistatic MIMO radar signal model is in-depthly researched.By proposing Capon dimensionality reduction method, the two-dimensional directions of the dual-based MIMO radar are estimated, and computer simulation is to verify the effectiveness of the method.

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Fu, Hai Yang, Bin Hu, Xiang Dong Jia, and Hui Fang. "Study on the Physical Model and Experiments of MIMO Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1868.

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The present researches of the MIMO theory only proved that channel capacity (CC) could be increased on the setting mathematical model in base-band by the space division multiplex (SDM) principle. But the reasonable physical model matching to that mathematical model has not been given by those researches, resulting in that the SDM could not be realized in MIMO system. So that the CC formula of MIMO system deduced by that mathematical model could not be realized physically. The infeasibility of MIMO system would be discussed in the paper in the aspects of physical characteristic of antenna, radio beam patterns of many kinds of antenna array, the un-reasonability of the MIMO physical model, the experiments of MIMO, and etc.

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Khan, Muhammad Abbas, Abdullah G. Al Harbi, Saad Hassan Kiani, Anis Nurashikin Bt Nordin, Mehr E. Munir, Sohail Imran Saeed, Javed Iqbal, Esraa Mousa Ali, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, and Mariana Dalarsson. "mmWave Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094280.

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This paper presents an S-shape four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wideband mmWave antenna with bandwidth of 25 GHz to 39 GHz. The antenna is designed on 0.254 mm ultra-thin RO5880 with permittivity of 2.3. The dimensions of proposed S-shape antenna are 10 × 12 mm for single element and 24 × 24 mm for four-port MIMO configuration. A decoupling network is introduced to further compress mutual coupling among MIMO elements. The peak gain achieved is 7.1 dBi and MIMO assembly delivers diversity scheme. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated, and simulated results are found to be in excellent agreement with simulations. Through the results obtained, the proposed MIMO antenna system can be considered as a potential candidate for future mmWave devices.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MIMO'

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