Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mimouni'

Etudier les personnages dans les romans la rage aux tripes de mustapha tlili et le fleuve detourne de rachid mimouni, c'est les saisir comme des signes, comme des instances premieres pour le fonctionnement global du recit. Romans autobiographiques, les deux textes s'instituent au niveau thematique comme une recherche de l'identite et des origines. Cinq elements narratifs nous ont permis de construire le personnage et de definir son sens: le nom propre est la premiere marque qui l'individualise et qui le fixe comme un sujet ayant des roles et des projets a accomplir. La description est un autre signe qui concourt a la construction du personnage et qui enrichit ses axes semantiques. Qu'elles soient monologique ou dialogique, les deux autobiographies procedent de l'enonciation. Ainsi la communication est leur premiere caracteristique. Les enonces par-dela leur contexte sont lies a un seul fil temporel qui attache le passe au present. Ces deux instances associees a l'espace nous ont permis de definir le chronotope dans les deux romans tout en considerant les fonctions narratives des personnages. Les personnages apparaissent a la fin de leur parcours comme n'ayant aucune emprise sur les temps qu'ils vivent et les espaces qu'ils traversent. Manquant de pouvoir, les seules modalites qui les definissent sont le vouloir et le savoir. En definitive, les personnages n'arrivent pas a "etre". Le sul pouvoir qui les sauve est celui des mots<br>Studying characters in the two novels la rage aux tripes by mustapha tlili and le fleuve detourne by rachid mimouni means apprehending them as signs, as primary instances in the global functioning of the narration. Both texts, as autobiographical novels, find their thematic basis in a quest for identity and origins. Five narrative elements have enabled us to build the character and define its meaning: proper names are the character's first individualizing marker. They also feature him as a subject with roles and aims to reach. Descriptions are another sign which helps to build characters and enriches their semantic axis. Whether monological or dialogical, both autobiographies are based on enunciation, and communication is their main characteristic. Utterances, regardless of their context, are linked to one single temporal thread which ties the present to the past. These two instances, when associated with space, have enabled us to define the chronotope in both novels, with consideration for the narrative functions of the characters. The characters, at the end of their trek, turn out to be unable to have a clasp on the times they live and on the spaces they go through. As they lack power, the only modalities which define them are will and knowledge. Eventually, the characters fail to be. The only power that saves them is the power of words

Parler de retour au recit suppose qu'il y a deja eu rupture avec lui. Ou et quand? dans quel espace et dans quel temps ? c'est ce qu'il faut preciser ici. Dans ce qu'on appelle sans conteste aujourd'hui la litterature maghrebine de langue francaise, ce divorce avec le recit classique est deja perceptible chez kateb et plus tard chez dib, khair-eddine et meddeb (1960-1970). Depuis les annees 1980, une resurgence du recit caracterise les textes d'une quirielle de romanciers. T. Ben jelloun, r. Mimouni, f. Mellah et v. Khoury-ghata (liban) font partie de ce qu'on propose d'appeler ici la tendance "neo-narrative". Ce retour au recit n'est pourtant pas un retour au recit lineairebalzacien. C'est au contraire une reconciliation avec un "recit ancestral" puise dans les traditions orale et livresque, erigees ici en modele d'ecriture. Le "pastiche serieux" est ce moyen avec lequel hyopertextes dialoguent alors avec hypotextes (contes populaires, coran, les nuits). A l'exception d'a. Cossery (egypte) parodiant un modele exogene cette fois (le roman policier), les quatre premiers pastichent en regime serieux un "modele ancestral". Que signifie cela ? pourquoi le pastiche respectueux du modele ancestral ? pourquoi le pasticle au depens de la parodie quand il s'agit de modeles endogenes ? cela a-t-il un rapport avec la problematique de l'identite ? certes oui. L'imitation serieuse est le signe d'une reconciliation avec l'ancetre mais aussi une facon de dire sa genealogie. Toutefois, qui est cet ancetre ? un eancetre unique, homogene, arabe ou bien multiple, heterogene, pluriculturel ? contre toute attente, nos ecrivains insinuent que l'ancetre dont ils se reclament est autre que celui que les ideologies de "l'authenticite" veulent nous imposer<br>Talking about a return to the tale supposes that there has already been a split with it. Where and when did that happen ? this is what is going to be specified next. In what is unquestionably nowdays called french speaking maghrebian literature, this divorce with the calssical tale is already noticeable with kabed and later with did, khair-eddine, meddeb. . . (1960 - 1970). From the eighties, a resurgence of the rale characterisesthe texts of a wide range of novelists. T. Ben jelloun, r. Mimouni, f. Mellah, v. Khoury-ghata (lebanon) are part of what we may call the "neo-narrative tendancy". However the return to the tale is not at all a return to the lineary balzacian tale. On the contrary it is a reconciliation with an old-time tale drawn from aral and written traditions, here made into written patterns. A "strict pasticle" is the means with whitch hypertexts converse with hypotexts (popular accounts, coran, thousand and one nights). With the exeption of a. Cossery (egypt) parodying an external pattern this time (detective novel), the first four ones strictly imitate an "ancestral model". What means that ? why this respectious pastiche of "ancestral pattern" ? why the pasticle rather than the parody when it is about internal models ? is it linked to the question of identity ? it certainly is. This strict imitation is the sign of reconciliation with the ancestor as well as a way of telling one's genealogy; however who is this ancestor ? a unique, honogeneous, arab one or a multiple, jheretogeneous, multicultural one ? surprisingly and against all expectation, these writers insinuate that the ancestor is

Cette these a pour point de depart a la fois une observation relative a l'evolution de l'usage ironique dans le texte maghrebin, durant une periode conflictuelle pour le maghreb, celle des annees quatre-vingts, et une double question : en quoi l'ironie peutelle temoigner de ce conflit, et pourquoi ce choix nouveau ? afin de raisonner cela, les objectifs suivants ont ete arretes : degager, en ce qui concerne l'ironie, ses modes de transmission, ses mecanismes ainsi que ses fonctions, dans le cadre d'une communication auteur lecteur. Ainsi, la premiere partie de ce travail definit operationnellement l'ironie, presente le corpus et elabore un canevas de lecture. Puis, l'analyse suit deux perspectives : la semiologie, avec la lecture des epitextes, et la narratologie, avec la lecture des extraits suivant les modes du narrateur, du personnage et de la situation. Les conclusions montrent que l'origine de l'ironie est conflictuelle, et que ses fonctions, quant a elles, sont generalement destinees a l'exteriorisation ou et a la contestation, pour deboucher sur une finalite heuristique. Cela constitue donc une reelle evolution dans le regard, l'ecriture et les rapports auteur lecteur, dans la litterature maghrebine d'expression francaise d'alors<br>As a starting point, this thesis bases on an observation related to the evolution of the use of irony in the literary text from the maghreb of the eighties, a difficult period. In order to reason this, the following objectives have been drawn : to derive, with regard to irony, its transmission modes, its mechanisms as well as its functions, as part of an author reader communication. Thus, the first part of this work defines irony, operationally, presents the corpus and elaborates a reading frame. Then, the analysis follows two perspectives : that of semiology, with the reading of the epitexts, and that of narratology, with the reading of the extracts, according to the narrator, the character and the situation modes. The conclusions show that irony has a conflicting origin, and that its functions are generally meant for the exteriorization and or anti-establishment, to lead to a heuristic aim. It constitutes, therefore, a real evolution in the glance, the writing and the author reader relations, in the french written literature from the maghreb of that time

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-06T11:37:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Gabriel Alves Landulfo.pdf: 2085230 bytes, checksum: a7f7c364b23211ad81d1168cb1f6db85 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T11:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Gabriel Alves Landulfo.pdf: 2085230 bytes, checksum: a7f7c364b23211ad81d1168cb1f6db85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Ornithodoros mimon is an argasid tick that parasitizes bats, birds and opossums and is also aggressive towards humans. It inhabits some countries in the Neotropical region. Knowledge of the transcripts present in the tick gut helps in understanding the role of vital molecules in the digestion process and parasite-host relationship, while also providing information about the evolution of arthropod hematophagy. Thus, the present study aimed to ascertain the main molecules expressed in the gut of argasid ticks after their blood meal, through analysis on the gut transcriptome of engorged females of O. mimon. Sixty females were fed and dissected to extract the gut tissue. The transcriptome was obtained through pyrosequencing and the de novo assembly method on mRNA of the gut tissue. We identified 2,235 contigs, of which 1,729 matched database sequences, while 506 did not present any hits. The transcripts were annotated and grouped according to their biological function. Catalytic, binding and transporter activity were the most representative functions, accounting for 780, 709 and 106 contigs, respectively. The transcripts were classified into 31 categories, using both bioinformatics and data curation practices. The most representative categories were, respectively, unknown, catalytic activity and transporter channels. One hundred and three (103) digestives transcritps associated to digestion of proteins (67), carbohydrates (19) and lipid (17) were identified in the transcriptome analysis. Peptidases associated with hemoglobin digestion, such as serine, cysteine, aspartic protease and metalloenzymes, were identified in the gut of the engorged females. Genes associated with transport (hemelipoglycoprotein) and storage (ferritin) of nutrients resulting from hemoglobin digestion, such as heme, were also found in the digestive tract. The presence of a cathepsin O-like cysteine peptidase was recorded in ticks, for the first time. Two thousand and two hundred thirteen (2213) transcripts were deposited to the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) portal of the NCBI.The phylogenetic analysis on the peptidases confirmed that most of them are clustered with other tick genes. Genes for cathepsin L in O. mimon appear to have diverged from other more common recent ancestors. The topology of the phylogenetic inferences, based on transcripts of inferred families of homologues, was similar to that of previous reports based on different datasets, such as mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Our findings may help towards better understanding of important argasid metabolic processes, such as digestion, nutrition and immunity<br>Ornithodoros mimon ? um carrapato argas?deo parasita de quir?pteras, aves e marsupiais, al?m de ser bastante agressivo aos humanos. O conhecimento dos transcritos presentes no intestino dos carrapatos auxilia no entendimento do papel de mol?culas vitais no processo digest?o e na rela??o parasito-hospedeiro, al?m de fornecer tamb?m informa??es sobre a evolu??o dos artr?podes hemat?fagos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e identificar as principais mol?culas expressas no intestino de uma esp?cie de carrapato argas?deo ap?s o repasto sangu?neo, atrav?s de uma an?lise transcrit?mica do intestino de f?meas ingurgitadas de O. mimon. Sessenta f?meas foram alimentadas e dissecadas para coleta o tecido intestinal. O RNAm da amostra do intestino foi extra?do, purificado e quantificado. Esse serviu de molde para s?ntese do cDNA, que foi utilizado no pirosequenciamento. O transcritoma foi obtido atrav?s do m?todo de montagem de novo do cDNA do tecido intestinal. Identificou-se 2235 sequ?ncias consensos (contigs) ou transcritos, dos quais 1729 apresentaram similaridade (hit) com sequ?ncias dos bancos de dados, enquanto que 506 n?o tiveram nenhuma similaridade. Os transcritos foram anotados e agrupados conforme as fun??es biol?gicas atribu?das as eles no processo de anota??o g?nica. Atividade catal?tica, ades?o e transporte foram as fun??es mais representativas com 780, 709 e 106 transcritos, respectivamente. Em uma an?lise n?o automatizada, os transcritos foram subcategorizados em 31 categorias. As categorias mais representativas foram desconhecido, atividade catal?tica e transportadores-canais. Identificamos 103 transcritos digestivos associados ? digest??o de prote?nas (67), carboidratos (19) e lip?dios (17). Proteinases das classes serino, ciste?ne, asp?rtica e metalo representaram as enzimas atuantes na digest?o intracelular do constituinte prote?co do repasto sangu?neo. Genes associados com o transporte (hemelipoglicoprote?na) e estocagem (ferritina) dos nutrientes resultantes da digest?o foram encontrados bem expressos no trato digestivo. Registrou-se pela primeira vez a presen?a de uma ciste?na peptidase do tipo catepsina O em carrapatos. Foram depositados no banco de dados g?nico p?blico 2213 transcritos de O. mimon. A an?lise filogen?tica das peptidases revelou que a maioria das proteinases de O. mimon ? pr?xima aos genes codificadores de proteinases de carrapatos. Transcritos de catepsinas L de O. mimon parecem ter divergido de ancestrais recentes diferentes. A infer?ncia filogen?tica baseada em conjunto de dados transcritos hom?logos tem uma resolu??o topol?gica similar a de outros conjuntos de dados, como genoma mitocondrial e sequ?ncias nuclear de RNA riboss?mico (rRNA). Os achados obtidos no presente estudo podem contribuir para compreens?o dos importantes processos dos carrapatos argas?deos, como digest?o, nutri??o e imunidade, al?m de fornecer informa??es sobre a filogenia dos carrapatos.

Mimon es considerado actualmente un género monofilético conformado por dos subgéneros: Mimon (representado por M. bennettii y M. cozumelae), y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” (representado por M. crenulatum y M. koepckeae). Sin embargo, los recientes resultados de estudios filogenéticos moleculares indican que Mimon es un género parafilético dentro de Phyllostomidae. En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión de caracteres morfológicos de todas las especies de Mimon, con énfasis en las poblaciones del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, construyendo una matriz a partir de 91 caracteres de la morfología externa, cráneo-dental y postcraneal. Las especies Lophostoma occidentalis, Trachops cirrhosus, Tonatia saurophila, Phyllostomus discolor y Micronycteris megalotis fueron elegidas como grupo externo, de las cuales M. megalotis fue usada para el enraizamiento. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva para encontrar el mejor árbol a partir de 135 caracteres no ordenados, que incluyen los caracteres descritos en este estudio y los caracteres del aparato Hioideo, lengua, tracto digestivo y reproductivo y cerebro, tomados de Wetterer et al. (2000). Se obtuvo un único árbol más parsimonioso bien soportado de 305 pasos. El soporte de la ramas fue pesado con Bremer y el remuestreo por Bootstrap y Jacknife con 10000 réplicas. El árbol más parsimonioso confirma que Mimon no es monofilético, donde Mimon s.s. y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” están fuertemente respaldados en nodos no relacionados ni como grupos hermanos. Con la finalidad de resolver el surgente problema taxonómico, recomendamos elevar al taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” a género. Dado que “Anthorhina” es sinónimo de Tonatia, se propone que éste taxón sea renombrado. Finalmente, brindamos las diagnosis corregidas de Mimon s.s. y del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, basadas en los caracteres usados en el análisis filogenético. Palabras clave: caracteres morfológicos, género nuevo, Máxima Parsimonia, polifilia.<br>Tesis

Orientador: Arício Xavier Linhares<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:41:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_CarolineSiqueira_M.pdf: 1657929 bytes, checksum: 0b27568a919b921d3ae68ae3161f87fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) é uma doença infecciosa aguda transmitida através da picada de carrapatos infectados com Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. O carrapato Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) é um dos principais vetores no Brasil. Contudo, outras espécies de carrapatos podem ser vetores da doença e parasitar humanos. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar a competência vetorial de Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) em laboratório após ser infectado experimentalmente com a cepa Taiaçu de Rickettsia rickettsii, utilizando coelhos domésticos como modelo animal. Primeiramente, os carrapatos foram separados em grupos de acordo com seu estágio de desenvolvimento (larva, ninfa 2 e adulto). Na segunda etapa, dois coelhos foram utilizados como grupo tratamento, e foram inoculados com a Rickettsia, e um coelho foi usado como controle. Os carrapatos utilizados foram separados em lotes, de acordo com o coelho e dia em que foram alimentados. Na terceira etapa, novos coelhos sadios foram infestados com os carrapatos usados na segunda etapa, para verificar se houve transmissão. Carrapatos que tiveram contato com a bactéria foram macerados e inoculados em duas cobaias, e uma terceira cobaia foi infestada com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado. PCR com os primers gltA e ompA (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eucarioto) foi realizado, para avaliar se os carrapatos se tornaram infectados. Sequenciamento de amostras foram amplificadas com os primers ompA e 28S. Além da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), que foi realizada com o soro dos coelhos para verificar a presença de infecção. Os dois coelhos que foram inoculados com Rickettsia rickettsii apresentaram picos de febre. Um dos coelhos apresentou resultado positivo na RIFI e o outro morreu no décimo sexto dia após a inoculação. Os coelhos que foram infestados com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado não apresentaram febre e nenhum outro sintoma da doença. As cobaias que foram inoculadas com carrapatos e a cobaia que foi infestada com carrapatos não demonstraram nenhum sintoma da doença. Das amostras amplificadas com o primer gltA apenas uma amostra foi positiva. A PCR das amostras de carrapatos usando o primer ompA não apresentou o resultado esperado, provavelmente devido a presença do DNA da bactéria Wolbachia sp. A sequência gerada, com amostras que foram amplificadas com o primer 28S, foi o DNA do carrapato. A PCR com o primer ftsZ não amplificou nenhum DNA. Portanto, conclui-se que O. mimon não se tornou infectado com a Rickettsia rickettsii, e não representa risco para a saúde pública<br>Abstract: The Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an acute infectious disease transmitted by the bite of ticks infected with Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. The tick Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) is one of the main vectors in Brazil. However, other species of ticks can be vectors of this disease and parasitize humans. This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) in the laboratory after being experimentally infected with the Taiaçu strain of Rickettsia rickettsii, using domestic rabbits as the animal models. Firstly, the ticks were separated into groups according to their developmental stage (larva, nymph 2 and adult). Secondly, two rabbits were used as treatment group, and were inoculated with the Rickettsia, and one rabbit was used as control. The ticks were separated into batches according to the rabbit and the day they were fed. New healthy rabbits were infested with the ticks used in the second experiment, to verify the occurrence of transmission. Ticks that had contact with the bacteria were macerated and inoculated into two guinea pigs, and a third guinea pig was infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits. PCR with gltA e ompA primers (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eukaryotic) was performed, to assess if the ticks become infected. Sequencing of the samples was amplified with the primers ompA and 28S. In addition, the Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was performed with serum of rabbits to verify the presence of infection. The two rabbits that were inoculated with Rickettsia rickettsii presented peaks of fever. One rabbit presented a positive result in the IFA and the other died on the sixteenth day after inoculation. The rabbits that were infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits, showed no fever and no other symptoms of the disease. The guinea pigs that were inoculated with ticks and the guinea pig that was infested with ticks showed no symptoms of the disease. Of the samples only one of all samples amplified with the primer gltA was positive. The PCR samples of ticks using the primer ompA did not yield the expected result, probably due to the presence of the DNA of the bacteria Wolbachia sp. The sequence generated, with samples that were amplified with the primer 28S, it was the DNA of the tick. PCR performed with the primer ftsZ did not amplify any DNA. Therefore, we concluded that O. mimon did not become infected with R. rickettsii, and do not represent risk to public health<br>Mestrado<br>Relações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e Parasitologia<br>Mestra em Biologia Animal

Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon<br>Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical

Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon.<br>Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical.

The Mimouna is a ritual that is unique to the Moroccan Jewish community and an important part of their identity. As an integral part of this community’s Passover celebrations, its observance has been maintained through this community’s emigration to new countries. With a large number of Moroccan Jews settling in Montreal, the Mimouna has now become a part of the Passover landscape of this city. With information gathered through interviews with members of the Moroccan Jewish community in Montreal and through participant observation carried out at Mimounas being held in Montreal, this thesis examines how its practice has developed in the new Canadian environment the community has settled in. Food is a central element in the celebration of the Mimouna and is the lens through which my study of the Mimouna has been understood and used to examine the way the Mimouna has changed and remained the same since bring brought to Canada, the meaning the ritual holds for members of the Moroccan Jewish community, the role it plays among the Moroccan Jewish community in Montreal and the way in which this celebration impacts upon their identity as Moroccan Jews. In order to frame its celebration in Montreal the historical roots of the Mimouna are examined, how it was celebrated in Morocco, how it has been presented in Moroccan Jewish cookbooks as well as in a community magazine.