Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mimouni'

Dix ans après sa mort, que reste- t-il des écrits de Rachid Mimouni ? Ce répertoire bibliographique, qui se propose d’établir un premier bilan de la fortune de l’œuvre de Rachid Mimouni, de ses débuts littéraires dans les années soixante dix jusqu’à la publication posthume des Chroniques de Tanger, pourra aider à trouver, dans une certaine mesure, une réponse à cette question. Cette bibliographie est composée de trois parties : Les écrits de Rachid Mimouni, les entretiens accordés par Rachid Mimouni , les textes consacrés à Rachid Mimouni. L’objectif principale de cette bibliographie est de donner un instrument de travail solide et efficace qui permettra aux étudiants et, plus généralement, au public d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de l’œuvre et aux chercheurs de ne plus perdre leur temps en investigation bio-bibliographique. Dans ce sens, notre travail veut donner, en fonction même de son caractère documentaire, un résumé et des précisions sur une bonne partie de ce qui s’est écrit jusqu'à présent sur Rachid Mimouni. Cela nous aidera à voir l’évolution de ses écrits et surtout l’avis des critiques sur ses œuvres, ce qui permettra au lecteur d’avoir une vue d’ensemble
Ten years after his death, what remains of Rachid Mimouni’s writings? This bibliographical repertory, which proposes to establish a first assessment of the fortune of the work of Rachid Mimouni, of his literary beginnings in the Seventies until the posthumous publication of les Chroniques de Tanger, will be able to help to find, to a certain extent, an answer to this question. This bibliography is made up of three parts: Writings of Rachid Mimouni, Talks granted by Rachid Mimouni, Texts devoted to Rachid Mimouni. The principal objective of this bibliography is to give instrument of a solid and effective work which will allow the students and, more generally, the public to have an overall picture of work and the researchers not to waste their time in bio-bibliographical investigation anymore. In this direction, our work wants to give, in function of its documentary character, a summary and precise details on a good part of what was written so far on Rachid Mimouni. For that, we presented all works of Mimouni, as all that was written on him in a chronological order. That will help us to see the evolution of its writings and especially the opinion of criticisms on its works, which will make it possible to the reader to have an overall picture

Cette recherche qui se déploie en trois parties constitue une réflexion sur la dimension idéologique, mais aussi esthétique de la littérature francophone postcoloniale en Afrique subsaharienne et au Maghreb. Elle vise précisément à montrer comment s’articulent dans l’œuvre romanesque de l’Ivoirien Ahmadou Kourouma et de l’Algérien Rachid Mimouni un discours politique et idéologique et une pratique littéraire et esthétique. Les deux premières parties sont consacrées à l’examen de différents aspects de l’engagement politique de ces deux auteurs francophones appartenant à des aires géographiques, politiques, sociales et culturelles différentes. Il s’agit précisément de mettre en lumière leurs convictions et prises de positions idéologiques exprimées dans les romans du corpus à propos des phénomènes de dictature, de dérives idéologiques et de violence guerrière, qui ont marqué en Afrique la période allant des premières années de l’indépendance jusqu’à la première décennie du XXIe siècle. Dans la dernière partie, il est question d’examiner comment la poétique peut proposer des modèles appropriés pour penser la politique chez les deux auteurs. Il s’agit précisément, par une étude des modes de narration à l’œuvre dans les romans du corpus, de montrer les enjeux esthétiques de leur écriture politiquement engagée qui s’inspire autant des formes du roman européen que de l’oralité africaine
This research, which unfolds in three stages, provides a reflection about the ideological, but also aesthetic dimension of postcolonial Francophone literature in sub-Saharan Africa and Maghreb. It aims precisely to show how a political and ideological discourse is linked up with a literary and aesthetic practice in the novels of the Ivorian Ahmadou Kourouma and the Algerian Rachid Mimouni. In the first two parts, we examine the different aspects of the political engagement of these two francophone writers belonging to different geographic, political social and cultural areas. It is precisely a question of staging their convictions and ideological positions expressed in the novels of the corpus about the phenomena of dictatorship, ideological drifts and war violence, which marked in Africa the period going from the first years of independence to the first decade of the 21st century. The last part aims at examining how poetics can provide suitable models for thinking politics at both writers. More precisely, studying the structures of narration at work in the novels of the corpus allows to highlight the aesthetic issues of their politically engaged writing which draws as much from the forms of the European novel as from African oral tradition

Notre etude est consacree a l'analyse des incipit et des clausules dans les romans de deux auteurs appartenant a deux spheres geo-culturelles differentes : rachid mimouni (algerie) et jean-marie gustave le clezio (france). Il s'avere que mimouni rejoint les techniques scripturales investies dans les incipit et clausules de l'oeuvre romanesque de le clezio. A travers l'analyse des formes et fonctions de ces deux frontieres externes des textes constituant notre corpus, nous concluons que mimouni encadre ses recits selon les codes rhetoriques occidentaux malgre l'inscription de son oeuvre dans la realite socio-historique algerienne. Par consequent, les incipit et clausules des romans de rachid mimouni ne modelisent pas les systemes artistiques maghrebins de maniere systematique et ne repondent pas a la modernite esthetique telle que khatibi, meddab ou fares, par exemple, l'ont developpee dans leurs creations litteraires
Our present study focuses on the analysis of the opening and the closing of the novels written by two authors belonging to different geographical and cultural backgrounds : rachid mimouni (algeria) and jean-marie gustave le clezio (france). It appears through that, the writing technics rachid mimouni implemented in the composition of the opening and the closing of his novels have a lot common with le clezio's. In the novels constitutive of our corpus, the analysis of the forms and functions of these two external frontiers show that rachid mimouni's literary texts are structured according to western rhetorical codes inspite of the inscription of his work in the socio-historical algerian reality. Consequently, the opening and the closing of his novels are not systematically representative of the maghrebian artistics expressions and they enter only partially in the esthetic modernity which khatibi, meddab or fares, for exemple, have described in their works

Etudier les personnages dans les romans la rage aux tripes de mustapha tlili et le fleuve detourne de rachid mimouni, c'est les saisir comme des signes, comme des instances premieres pour le fonctionnement global du recit. Romans autobiographiques, les deux textes s'instituent au niveau thematique comme une recherche de l'identite et des origines. Cinq elements narratifs nous ont permis de construire le personnage et de definir son sens: le nom propre est la premiere marque qui l'individualise et qui le fixe comme un sujet ayant des roles et des projets a accomplir. La description est un autre signe qui concourt a la construction du personnage et qui enrichit ses axes semantiques. Qu'elles soient monologique ou dialogique, les deux autobiographies procedent de l'enonciation. Ainsi la communication est leur premiere caracteristique. Les enonces par-dela leur contexte sont lies a un seul fil temporel qui attache le passe au present. Ces deux instances associees a l'espace nous ont permis de definir le chronotope dans les deux romans tout en considerant les fonctions narratives des personnages. Les personnages apparaissent a la fin de leur parcours comme n'ayant aucune emprise sur les temps qu'ils vivent et les espaces qu'ils traversent. Manquant de pouvoir, les seules modalites qui les definissent sont le vouloir et le savoir. En definitive, les personnages n'arrivent pas a "etre". Le sul pouvoir qui les sauve est celui des mots
Studying characters in the two novels la rage aux tripes by mustapha tlili and le fleuve detourne by rachid mimouni means apprehending them as signs, as primary instances in the global functioning of the narration. Both texts, as autobiographical novels, find their thematic basis in a quest for identity and origins. Five narrative elements have enabled us to build the character and define its meaning: proper names are the character's first individualizing marker. They also feature him as a subject with roles and aims to reach. Descriptions are another sign which helps to build characters and enriches their semantic axis. Whether monological or dialogical, both autobiographies are based on enunciation, and communication is their main characteristic. Utterances, regardless of their context, are linked to one single temporal thread which ties the present to the past. These two instances, when associated with space, have enabled us to define the chronotope in both novels, with consideration for the narrative functions of the characters. The characters, at the end of their trek, turn out to be unable to have a clasp on the times they live and on the spaces they go through. As they lack power, the only modalities which define them are will and knowledge. Eventually, the characters fail to be. The only power that saves them is the power of words

Parler de retour au recit suppose qu'il y a deja eu rupture avec lui. Ou et quand? dans quel espace et dans quel temps ? c'est ce qu'il faut preciser ici. Dans ce qu'on appelle sans conteste aujourd'hui la litterature maghrebine de langue francaise, ce divorce avec le recit classique est deja perceptible chez kateb et plus tard chez dib, khair-eddine et meddeb (1960-1970). Depuis les annees 1980, une resurgence du recit caracterise les textes d'une quirielle de romanciers. T. Ben jelloun, r. Mimouni, f. Mellah et v. Khoury-ghata (liban) font partie de ce qu'on propose d'appeler ici la tendance "neo-narrative". Ce retour au recit n'est pourtant pas un retour au recit lineairebalzacien. C'est au contraire une reconciliation avec un "recit ancestral" puise dans les traditions orale et livresque, erigees ici en modele d'ecriture. Le "pastiche serieux" est ce moyen avec lequel hyopertextes dialoguent alors avec hypotextes (contes populaires, coran, les nuits). A l'exception d'a. Cossery (egypte) parodiant un modele exogene cette fois (le roman policier), les quatre premiers pastichent en regime serieux un "modele ancestral". Que signifie cela ? pourquoi le pastiche respectueux du modele ancestral ? pourquoi le pasticle au depens de la parodie quand il s'agit de modeles endogenes ? cela a-t-il un rapport avec la problematique de l'identite ? certes oui. L'imitation serieuse est le signe d'une reconciliation avec l'ancetre mais aussi une facon de dire sa genealogie. Toutefois, qui est cet ancetre ? un eancetre unique, homogene, arabe ou bien multiple, heterogene, pluriculturel ? contre toute attente, nos ecrivains insinuent que l'ancetre dont ils se reclament est autre que celui que les ideologies de "l'authenticite" veulent nous imposer
Talking about a return to the tale supposes that there has already been a split with it. Where and when did that happen ? this is what is going to be specified next. In what is unquestionably nowdays called french speaking maghrebian literature, this divorce with the calssical tale is already noticeable with kabed and later with did, khair-eddine, meddeb. . . (1960 - 1970). From the eighties, a resurgence of the rale characterisesthe texts of a wide range of novelists. T. Ben jelloun, r. Mimouni, f. Mellah, v. Khoury-ghata (lebanon) are part of what we may call the "neo-narrative tendancy". However the return to the tale is not at all a return to the lineary balzacian tale. On the contrary it is a reconciliation with an old-time tale drawn from aral and written traditions, here made into written patterns. A "strict pasticle" is the means with whitch hypertexts converse with hypotexts (popular accounts, coran, thousand and one nights). With the exeption of a. Cossery (egypt) parodying an external pattern this time (detective novel), the first four ones strictly imitate an "ancestral model". What means that ? why this respectious pastiche of "ancestral pattern" ? why the pasticle rather than the parody when it is about internal models ? is it linked to the question of identity ? it certainly is. This strict imitation is the sign of reconciliation with the ancestor as well as a way of telling one's genealogy; however who is this ancestor ? a unique, honogeneous, arab one or a multiple, jheretogeneous, multicultural one ? surprisingly and against all expectation, these writers insinuate that the ancestor is

Cette these a pour point de depart a la fois une observation relative a l'evolution de l'usage ironique dans le texte maghrebin, durant une periode conflictuelle pour le maghreb, celle des annees quatre-vingts, et une double question : en quoi l'ironie peutelle temoigner de ce conflit, et pourquoi ce choix nouveau ? afin de raisonner cela, les objectifs suivants ont ete arretes : degager, en ce qui concerne l'ironie, ses modes de transmission, ses mecanismes ainsi que ses fonctions, dans le cadre d'une communication auteur lecteur. Ainsi, la premiere partie de ce travail definit operationnellement l'ironie, presente le corpus et elabore un canevas de lecture. Puis, l'analyse suit deux perspectives : la semiologie, avec la lecture des epitextes, et la narratologie, avec la lecture des extraits suivant les modes du narrateur, du personnage et de la situation. Les conclusions montrent que l'origine de l'ironie est conflictuelle, et que ses fonctions, quant a elles, sont generalement destinees a l'exteriorisation ou et a la contestation, pour deboucher sur une finalite heuristique. Cela constitue donc une reelle evolution dans le regard, l'ecriture et les rapports auteur lecteur, dans la litterature maghrebine d'expression francaise d'alors
As a starting point, this thesis bases on an observation related to the evolution of the use of irony in the literary text from the maghreb of the eighties, a difficult period. In order to reason this, the following objectives have been drawn : to derive, with regard to irony, its transmission modes, its mechanisms as well as its functions, as part of an author reader communication. Thus, the first part of this work defines irony, operationally, presents the corpus and elaborates a reading frame. Then, the analysis follows two perspectives : that of semiology, with the reading of the epitexts, and that of narratology, with the reading of the extracts, according to the narrator, the character and the situation modes. The conclusions show that irony has a conflicting origin, and that its functions are generally meant for the exteriorization and or anti-establishment, to lead to a heuristic aim. It constitutes, therefore, a real evolution in the glance, the writing and the author reader relations, in the french written literature from the maghreb of that time

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Ornithodoros mimon is an argasid tick that parasitizes bats, birds and opossums and is also aggressive towards humans. It inhabits some countries in the Neotropical region. Knowledge of the transcripts present in the tick gut helps in understanding the role of vital molecules in the digestion process and parasite-host relationship, while also providing information about the evolution of arthropod hematophagy. Thus, the present study aimed to ascertain the main molecules expressed in the gut of argasid ticks after their blood meal, through analysis on the gut transcriptome of engorged females of O. mimon. Sixty females were fed and dissected to extract the gut tissue. The transcriptome was obtained through pyrosequencing and the de novo assembly method on mRNA of the gut tissue. We identified 2,235 contigs, of which 1,729 matched database sequences, while 506 did not present any hits. The transcripts were annotated and grouped according to their biological function. Catalytic, binding and transporter activity were the most representative functions, accounting for 780, 709 and 106 contigs, respectively. The transcripts were classified into 31 categories, using both bioinformatics and data curation practices. The most representative categories were, respectively, unknown, catalytic activity and transporter channels. One hundred and three (103) digestives transcritps associated to digestion of proteins (67), carbohydrates (19) and lipid (17) were identified in the transcriptome analysis. Peptidases associated with hemoglobin digestion, such as serine, cysteine, aspartic protease and metalloenzymes, were identified in the gut of the engorged females. Genes associated with transport (hemelipoglycoprotein) and storage (ferritin) of nutrients resulting from hemoglobin digestion, such as heme, were also found in the digestive tract. The presence of a cathepsin O-like cysteine peptidase was recorded in ticks, for the first time. Two thousand and two hundred thirteen (2213) transcripts were deposited to the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) portal of the NCBI.The phylogenetic analysis on the peptidases confirmed that most of them are clustered with other tick genes. Genes for cathepsin L in O. mimon appear to have diverged from other more common recent ancestors. The topology of the phylogenetic inferences, based on transcripts of inferred families of homologues, was similar to that of previous reports based on different datasets, such as mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Our findings may help towards better understanding of important argasid metabolic processes, such as digestion, nutrition and immunity
Ornithodoros mimon ? um carrapato argas?deo parasita de quir?pteras, aves e marsupiais, al?m de ser bastante agressivo aos humanos. O conhecimento dos transcritos presentes no intestino dos carrapatos auxilia no entendimento do papel de mol?culas vitais no processo digest?o e na rela??o parasito-hospedeiro, al?m de fornecer tamb?m informa??es sobre a evolu??o dos artr?podes hemat?fagos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e identificar as principais mol?culas expressas no intestino de uma esp?cie de carrapato argas?deo ap?s o repasto sangu?neo, atrav?s de uma an?lise transcrit?mica do intestino de f?meas ingurgitadas de O. mimon. Sessenta f?meas foram alimentadas e dissecadas para coleta o tecido intestinal. O RNAm da amostra do intestino foi extra?do, purificado e quantificado. Esse serviu de molde para s?ntese do cDNA, que foi utilizado no pirosequenciamento. O transcritoma foi obtido atrav?s do m?todo de montagem de novo do cDNA do tecido intestinal. Identificou-se 2235 sequ?ncias consensos (contigs) ou transcritos, dos quais 1729 apresentaram similaridade (hit) com sequ?ncias dos bancos de dados, enquanto que 506 n?o tiveram nenhuma similaridade. Os transcritos foram anotados e agrupados conforme as fun??es biol?gicas atribu?das as eles no processo de anota??o g?nica. Atividade catal?tica, ades?o e transporte foram as fun??es mais representativas com 780, 709 e 106 transcritos, respectivamente. Em uma an?lise n?o automatizada, os transcritos foram subcategorizados em 31 categorias. As categorias mais representativas foram desconhecido, atividade catal?tica e transportadores-canais. Identificamos 103 transcritos digestivos associados ? digest??o de prote?nas (67), carboidratos (19) e lip?dios (17). Proteinases das classes serino, ciste?ne, asp?rtica e metalo representaram as enzimas atuantes na digest?o intracelular do constituinte prote?co do repasto sangu?neo. Genes associados com o transporte (hemelipoglicoprote?na) e estocagem (ferritina) dos nutrientes resultantes da digest?o foram encontrados bem expressos no trato digestivo. Registrou-se pela primeira vez a presen?a de uma ciste?na peptidase do tipo catepsina O em carrapatos. Foram depositados no banco de dados g?nico p?blico 2213 transcritos de O. mimon. A an?lise filogen?tica das peptidases revelou que a maioria das proteinases de O. mimon ? pr?xima aos genes codificadores de proteinases de carrapatos. Transcritos de catepsinas L de O. mimon parecem ter divergido de ancestrais recentes diferentes. A infer?ncia filogen?tica baseada em conjunto de dados transcritos hom?logos tem uma resolu??o topol?gica similar a de outros conjuntos de dados, como genoma mitocondrial e sequ?ncias nuclear de RNA riboss?mico (rRNA). Os achados obtidos no presente estudo podem contribuir para compreens?o dos importantes processos dos carrapatos argas?deos, como digest?o, nutri??o e imunidade, al?m de fornecer informa??es sobre a filogenia dos carrapatos.

Mimon es considerado actualmente un género monofilético conformado por dos subgéneros: Mimon (representado por M. bennettii y M. cozumelae), y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” (representado por M. crenulatum y M. koepckeae). Sin embargo, los recientes resultados de estudios filogenéticos moleculares indican que Mimon es un género parafilético dentro de Phyllostomidae. En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión de caracteres morfológicos de todas las especies de Mimon, con énfasis en las poblaciones del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, construyendo una matriz a partir de 91 caracteres de la morfología externa, cráneo-dental y postcraneal. Las especies Lophostoma occidentalis, Trachops cirrhosus, Tonatia saurophila, Phyllostomus discolor y Micronycteris megalotis fueron elegidas como grupo externo, de las cuales M. megalotis fue usada para el enraizamiento. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva para encontrar el mejor árbol a partir de 135 caracteres no ordenados, que incluyen los caracteres descritos en este estudio y los caracteres del aparato Hioideo, lengua, tracto digestivo y reproductivo y cerebro, tomados de Wetterer et al. (2000). Se obtuvo un único árbol más parsimonioso bien soportado de 305 pasos. El soporte de la ramas fue pesado con Bremer y el remuestreo por Bootstrap y Jacknife con 10000 réplicas. El árbol más parsimonioso confirma que Mimon no es monofilético, donde Mimon s.s. y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” están fuertemente respaldados en nodos no relacionados ni como grupos hermanos. Con la finalidad de resolver el surgente problema taxonómico, recomendamos elevar al taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” a género. Dado que “Anthorhina” es sinónimo de Tonatia, se propone que éste taxón sea renombrado. Finalmente, brindamos las diagnosis corregidas de Mimon s.s. y del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, basadas en los caracteres usados en el análisis filogenético. Palabras clave: caracteres morfológicos, género nuevo, Máxima Parsimonia, polifilia.
Tesis

Orientador: Arício Xavier Linhares
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) é uma doença infecciosa aguda transmitida através da picada de carrapatos infectados com Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. O carrapato Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) é um dos principais vetores no Brasil. Contudo, outras espécies de carrapatos podem ser vetores da doença e parasitar humanos. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar a competência vetorial de Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) em laboratório após ser infectado experimentalmente com a cepa Taiaçu de Rickettsia rickettsii, utilizando coelhos domésticos como modelo animal. Primeiramente, os carrapatos foram separados em grupos de acordo com seu estágio de desenvolvimento (larva, ninfa 2 e adulto). Na segunda etapa, dois coelhos foram utilizados como grupo tratamento, e foram inoculados com a Rickettsia, e um coelho foi usado como controle. Os carrapatos utilizados foram separados em lotes, de acordo com o coelho e dia em que foram alimentados. Na terceira etapa, novos coelhos sadios foram infestados com os carrapatos usados na segunda etapa, para verificar se houve transmissão. Carrapatos que tiveram contato com a bactéria foram macerados e inoculados em duas cobaias, e uma terceira cobaia foi infestada com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado. PCR com os primers gltA e ompA (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eucarioto) foi realizado, para avaliar se os carrapatos se tornaram infectados. Sequenciamento de amostras foram amplificadas com os primers ompA e 28S. Além da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), que foi realizada com o soro dos coelhos para verificar a presença de infecção. Os dois coelhos que foram inoculados com Rickettsia rickettsii apresentaram picos de febre. Um dos coelhos apresentou resultado positivo na RIFI e o outro morreu no décimo sexto dia após a inoculação. Os coelhos que foram infestados com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado não apresentaram febre e nenhum outro sintoma da doença. As cobaias que foram inoculadas com carrapatos e a cobaia que foi infestada com carrapatos não demonstraram nenhum sintoma da doença. Das amostras amplificadas com o primer gltA apenas uma amostra foi positiva. A PCR das amostras de carrapatos usando o primer ompA não apresentou o resultado esperado, provavelmente devido a presença do DNA da bactéria Wolbachia sp. A sequência gerada, com amostras que foram amplificadas com o primer 28S, foi o DNA do carrapato. A PCR com o primer ftsZ não amplificou nenhum DNA. Portanto, conclui-se que O. mimon não se tornou infectado com a Rickettsia rickettsii, e não representa risco para a saúde pública
Abstract: The Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an acute infectious disease transmitted by the bite of ticks infected with Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. The tick Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) is one of the main vectors in Brazil. However, other species of ticks can be vectors of this disease and parasitize humans. This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) in the laboratory after being experimentally infected with the Taiaçu strain of Rickettsia rickettsii, using domestic rabbits as the animal models. Firstly, the ticks were separated into groups according to their developmental stage (larva, nymph 2 and adult). Secondly, two rabbits were used as treatment group, and were inoculated with the Rickettsia, and one rabbit was used as control. The ticks were separated into batches according to the rabbit and the day they were fed. New healthy rabbits were infested with the ticks used in the second experiment, to verify the occurrence of transmission. Ticks that had contact with the bacteria were macerated and inoculated into two guinea pigs, and a third guinea pig was infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits. PCR with gltA e ompA primers (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eukaryotic) was performed, to assess if the ticks become infected. Sequencing of the samples was amplified with the primers ompA and 28S. In addition, the Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was performed with serum of rabbits to verify the presence of infection. The two rabbits that were inoculated with Rickettsia rickettsii presented peaks of fever. One rabbit presented a positive result in the IFA and the other died on the sixteenth day after inoculation. The rabbits that were infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits, showed no fever and no other symptoms of the disease. The guinea pigs that were inoculated with ticks and the guinea pig that was infested with ticks showed no symptoms of the disease. Of the samples only one of all samples amplified with the primer gltA was positive. The PCR samples of ticks using the primer ompA did not yield the expected result, probably due to the presence of the DNA of the bacteria Wolbachia sp. The sequence generated, with samples that were amplified with the primer 28S, it was the DNA of the tick. PCR performed with the primer ftsZ did not amplify any DNA. Therefore, we concluded that O. mimon did not become infected with R. rickettsii, and do not represent risk to public health
Mestrado
Relações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e Parasitologia
Mestra em Biologia Animal

Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon
Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical

Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Maillard-Reaktionsprodukte (MRP) in vivo einen Einfluss auf den physiologischen Metallionenhaushalt haben können. Da bisher noch keine Korrelation zwischen dem Entstehen von definierten MRP und einem erhöhten Metallionenbindungsvermögen ermittelt werden konnte, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Komplexbildungseigenschaften der ausgewählten MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin, Isomaltol und Maltosin sowie deren Strukturanaloga Maltol, Deferipron, Mimosin und Pyridosin mit den physiologisch relevanten Metallionen Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) und Mn(II) zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden die MRP Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und Maltosin sowie die parallel untersuchten Substanzen Pyridosin, Maltosin-3-benzylether, Nα-Hippuryl- und Nα-Acetylmaltosin in ausreichender Menge und Reinheit synthetisiert. Dabei gelang es, für Maltosin und Pyridosin neue und effiziente Synthesewege zu entwickeln, bei welchen zum ersten Mal beide Substanzen gezielt aufgebaut wurden. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten der Liganden mit den Metallionen wurden pH-potentiometrisch bestimmt (I[KNO3] = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Durch die Auswertung der Protonierungskonstanten der gebildeten Komplexe und das Vermessen geeigneter Derivate konnten für die untersuchten Komplexe zusätzlich die Koordinationsstellen der Liganden aufgeklärt werden. Die Untersuchungen zu den Komplexbildungseigenschaften bestätigten erstmals die Vermutung, dass MRP in der Lage sind, Metallionen zu binden. Dabei wurde weiterhin ermittelt, dass die Bindung von Cu(II) durch Nε-Carboxymethyllysin und von Fe(III), Al(III) und Cu(II) durch Maltosin durchaus von physiologischer Relevanz sind. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse wurde qualitativ durch Versuche mit Maltosin-derivatisiertem Rinderserumalbumin unterstrichen. Als besonderes Ergebnis der Arbeit ist herauszustellen, dass das MRP Maltosin und die Verbindung Pyridosin deutlich stabilere Komplexe mit Fe(III) bilden als das zur Fe(III)-Chelattherapie eingesetzte Medikament Deferipron. Diese festgestellte Eigenschaft bietet interessante Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien zur möglichen Anwendung von z. B. Maltosin als Pharmakon.
Several studies show that Maillard reaction products (MRP) may influence the physiological metal ion balance. But none of these studies prove a correlation between the formation of defined MRP and an enhanced metal ion binding. Therefore it was the aim of this work to investigate the complex formation characteristics of the selected MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine, isomaltol and maltosine as well as the structural analogues maltol, deferiprone, mimosine and pyridosine with the physiological relevant metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II). For that purpose the MRP Nε-carboxymethyllysine and maltosine plus the parallel analysed substances pyridosine, maltosine-3-benzylether, Nα-hippuryl- and Nα-acetylmaltosine were synthesised. Thereby new and efficient syntheses for maltosine and pyridosine were developed. The stability constants of the ligands with the metal ions were determined by pH-potentiometry (I(KNO3) = 0,15 M; θ = 25 °C). Furthermore the donor atoms within the formed complexes were determined by the evaluation of the protonation constants of the formed complexes and by the analysis of adequate derivatives. The studies to the complex formation characteristics confirm for the first time the assumption, that MRP are able to form stable complexes with metal ions. Withal it was ascertained that the coordination of Cu(II) by Nε-carboxymethyllysine and of Fe(III), Al(III) and Cu(II) by maltosine may be of physiological relevance. The significance of the results was pointed out by experiments with maltosine derivatised bovine serum albumine. The fact that the MRP maltosine and the compound pyridosine form more stable complexes with Fe(III) as the medicament for the Fe(III) chelate therapy deferiprone is a particular result of this work. This property affords interesting perspectives for future studies about a possible appliance of e.g. maltosine as pharmaceutical.

The Mimouna is a ritual that is unique to the Moroccan Jewish community and an important part of their identity. As an integral part of this community’s Passover celebrations, its observance has been maintained through this community’s emigration to new countries. With a large number of Moroccan Jews settling in Montreal, the Mimouna has now become a part of the Passover landscape of this city. With information gathered through interviews with members of the Moroccan Jewish community in Montreal and through participant observation carried out at Mimounas being held in Montreal, this thesis examines how its practice has developed in the new Canadian environment the community has settled in. Food is a central element in the celebration of the Mimouna and is the lens through which my study of the Mimouna has been understood and used to examine the way the Mimouna has changed and remained the same since bring brought to Canada, the meaning the ritual holds for members of the Moroccan Jewish community, the role it plays among the Moroccan Jewish community in Montreal and the way in which this celebration impacts upon their identity as Moroccan Jews. In order to frame its celebration in Montreal the historical roots of the Mimouna are examined, how it was celebrated in Morocco, how it has been presented in Moroccan Jewish cookbooks as well as in a community magazine.