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Lechintan, Adela A. "Cinematic Reverberations of Historical Trauma: Women's Memories of the Holocaust and Colonialism in Contemporary French-Language Cinema." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1315504205.
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Mimra, Wanda [Verfasser]. "On equilibria in insurance markets with asymmetric information / Wanda Mimra." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013792599/34.
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Agbulut, Onnik. "Modeles murins mimant des maladies neuromusculaires." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077002.
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Les mutants de souris presentant une modification genetique procurent des renseignements essentiels pour comprendre le role joue par les proteines codees par le gene, et les mecanismes physiopathologiques impliques dans des maladies chez l'homme. L'objectif de mon travail est de participer a l'elaboration de nouveaux mutants correspondant a certaines atteintes neuromusculaires. Les deux modeles animaux presentes dans ce travail sont le mutant dystrophique sans desmine, et le mutant de la dystrophie myotonique. La desmine est un constituant des filaments intermediaires et un marqueur musculaire precoce. Afin de mieux comprendre le role joue par la desmine dans le developpement et la regeneration du muscle squelettique, une lignee de souris mutantes sans desmine a ete etablie (li et coll. , 1996). Nos resultats montrent que la desmine ne modifie pas la differenciation et la fusion des myoblastes mais qu'elle joue un role essentiel pour maintenir la structure de la fibre musculaire et ainsi la force musculaire. La dystrophie myotonique est une maladie genetique autosomique dominante associant des atteintes musculaires et des anomalies multisystemiques. Le defaut moleculaire de la dystrophie myotonique correspond a l'amplification d'un trinucleotide ctg repete situe dans le gene de la dmpk. Plus cette sequence est repetee, plus la maladie est grave. Des mutants de souris ont ete mis au point par l'equipe du pr c. Junien. En fonction du nombre de repetitions de ctg inserees chez les souris, nous avons analyse les perturbations du programme musculaire. Les souris portant une amplification de 300 ctg donnent les resultats les plus interessants : une atrophie des fibres lentes, des noyaux centraux et une myotonie. La comparaison
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Bontemps, Alexandre. "Prototypage d'un objet volant mimant l'insecte." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0030/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte des drones vise à réaliser à terme un Nano-dispositif volant (Nano Aerial Vehicle) capable d'imiter le vol des insectes. Ce mode de locomotion est privilégié car il présente des caractéristiques très adaptées au vol en milieu confiné. La solution proposée consiste à développer un drone de la taille d'un insecte s'appuyant sur des ailes vibrantes pour se mouvoir et à utiliser les technologies MEMS pour répondre aux problématiques de fabrication et de réduction d'échelle. La réussite d'un tel projet soulève néanmoins de nombreux défis scientifiques et technologiques, en particulier, les aspects aéro-élastiques des ailes et l'autonomie du drone. Pour répondre à ces défis, nous proposons dans un premier temps de mettre en œuvre des concepts comme la résonance et la torsion passive sur des prototypes en polymère (SU-8) réalisés par photolithographie. Dans un second temps, les différents composants de la chaîne de puissance sont optimisés, notamment l'actionneur électromagnétique, la liaison et les ailes de manière à maximiser la force de portance générée. Suite à ces améliorations, nous démontrons de façon expérimentale que le prototype était capable non seulement de reproduire une cinématique complexe mais également de compenser 75% de son poidsThis manuscript reports a work which aims to develop a tiny flying robots inspired by natural flyers. Our main objective is to devise a flying robot mimicking insects in terms of kinematics and scale using MEMS technologies in order to answer the scale challenges: the large-scale manufacturing and the system's small scale. The success this project faces different challenges such as aeroelastic aspects of wings and drone autonomy.In this work we propose the use of original concepts like resonance and passive torsion of the wings which are implemented on all-polymer prototypes obtained using a micromachining SU-8 photoresist process. In order to achieve a better efficiency of the prototype, each element of the energy transduction has been carefully examined and optimized. Especially, the actuation, the transmission and the wings in order to increase the lift. These improvements demonstrate experimentally that the prototype is able to produce a complex kinematic and compensate 75 % of its weight
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Hautbois, Corinne. "Granulomatose septique chronique mimant une maladie de Crohn." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11003.
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Hünük, Tuba Nur Kıstır Rafet. "Betonarme yapılarda depreme dayanıklılığı sağlayan mimari tasarım ölçütlerinin belirlenmesi /." Isparta: SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01043.pdf.
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Billard, Julien. "Détection directionnelle de matière sombre avec MIMAC." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727557.
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De nombreuses mesures cosmologiques et astrophysiques tendent à montrer que notre galaxie serait englobée par un halo de matière sombre non-baryonique. La détection directionnelle vise à mesurer la direction du recul nucléaire issu d'une interaction avec une particule de matière sombre. Cela permettrait de mettre en évidence la forte dépendance angulaire de la distribution de reculs due à la rotation du système solaire autour du centre galactique. Cette thèse aborde la détection directionnelle par une approche multi-thématique : phénoménologie, expérimentale et analyse de données. L'objectif des études phénoménologiques est de montrer l'apport d'un détecteur directionnel en terme de recherche de matière sombre. Grâce au développement de méthodes statistiques dédiées, on montre qu'un détecteur tel que celui proposé par la collaboration MIMAC, devrait permettre de découvrir la matière sombre avec une grande significance jusqu'à des sections efficaces 2 à 3 ordres de grandeur en dessous des limites actuelles. La mise en place d'une méthodologie d'analyse de données directionnelles constitue un second objectif de cette thèse car la reconstruction 3D des traces mesurées est un point clef de cette nouvelle stratégie de détection. On présente ainsi une nouvelle méthode d'analyse basée sur une approche par vraisemblance, permettant d'optimiser l'estimation des paramètres de chaque événement mesuré: position dans le détecteur et direction. Dans le cadre de la discrimination du bruit de fond électronique, on a mis en place une étude basée sur la topologie de la trace et utilisant une analyse par arbres de décision boostés qui nous permet d'obtenir des facteurs de rejet environ 20 fois supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec des analyses séquentielles. Du point de vue expérimental, on présente une méthode originale de la mesure de vitesse de dérive des électrons permettant d'obtenir des incertitudes de l'ordre du pourcent et de contraindre simultanément les coefficients de diffusion longitudinale. On termine enfin sur l'analyse des données obtenues auprès du champ de neutrons AMANDE permettant de valider la stratégie de détection du projet MIMAC.
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Probin, Jamie. "How ideal is the Mimas-Tethys resonance?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367166.
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Riffard, Quentin. "Détection directionnelle de matière sombre non-baryonique avec MIMAC." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY040/document.
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De nombreuses observations astrophysiques et cosmologiques tendent à montrer que l'essentiel de la matière de notre Univers est constitué de matière sombre. À l'échelle locale, la matière sombre serait rassemblée sous la forme d'un halo statique englobant la Voie Lactée.L'idée de la détection directionnelle est de mesurer la direction de reculs nucléaires produits par l'interaction avec les particules de matière sombre.Cette stratégie de détection pourrait alors mettre en évidence une corrélation entre la distribution angulaire des reculs nucléaires et le mouvement relatif du système solaire par rapport au halo permettant ainsi de découvrir et de contraindre les propriétés de la matière sombre.Dans ce contexte, la collaboration MIMAC a développé un détecteur gazeux permettant la mesure de la trace en 3D de reculs nucléaires.Afin de démontrer le potentiel de ce détecteur, un prototype bi-chambre a été installé au LSM en juin 2012.Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la détection directionnelle avec le détecteur MIMAC selon quatre axes de recherche.Le premier axe concerne la caractérisation du détecteur avec l'étalonnage en énergie, la mesure du facteur de quenching et de la vitesse de dérive des électrons et la mise en place de la discrimination électron/recul.Le deuxième axe porte sur l'analyse des données expérimentales acquises au LSM. Ces donnés ont permis de réaliser la première mesure de traces en 3D de reculs de noyaux fils issus de la chaine du radon.Le troisième axe concerne la simulation du bruit de fond neutron au LSM avec un modèle de propagation des neutrons dans la caverne.Cela a permis d'estimer le taux d'événements neutron attendu et l'impact de la modélisation du fond neutrons sur la limite expérimentale.Enfin, le quatrième axe porte sur l'étude de l'impact des limites LHC sur la masse des squarks sur l'interaction entre les noyaux et la matière sombreA large number of astrophysical and cosmological observations support the fact that the matter component of our Universe is mainly composed by dark matter.At the local scale, a static and dense dark matter halo should surround the Milky Way.The directional detection idea is to measure the direction of nuclear recoils produced by the interaction with dark matter particles.This detection strategy could highlight a correlation between the angular distribution of nuclear recoils and the relative motion of the solar system respect to the galactic halo.Such signature opens the possibility to discriminate such rare events with respect to neutron background allowing the positive direct detection of dark matter.In this context, MIMAC collaboration has developed a detector allowing the measurement of 3D nuclear recoil tracks.Since June 2012, a bi-chamber prototype is installed at the LSM to demonstrate the potential of this detector.This Ph.D. thesis presents a study of dark matter directional detection with the MIMAC detector including four different aspects.The first one consist in the characterization of the detector describing the energy calibration, the measurement of the quenching factor and the electron drift velocity and the electron/recoil discrimination.The second one focuses on the analysis of experimental data acquired at the LSM. This study shows, for the first time, the observation of low energy 3D nuclear recoil tracks from the radon progeny.The third one describes the neutron background simulation at the LSM with a neutron propagation model showingthe expected neutron event rate and the impact on exclusion limits.Finally, the fourth one is related to the study of the impact of squarks masse limits from LHC results on supersymmetric particles interaction with quarks
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Sellin, Rémy. "Dégradation de catalyseurs Pt-C sous des conditions mimant celles d'une PEMFC en fonctionnement." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Sellin-Remy/2009-Sellin-Remy-These.pdf.
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Des catalyseurs Pt/C pour piles à combustible ont été préparés par des méthodes colloïdales. Des études par ATG, ATG-SM, MET et DRX de 323 à 573 K ont été réalisées sous atmosphère oxydante et réductrice pour mimer les conditions de travail d'anodes et de cathodes de PEMFCs et pour accélérer le processus de vieillissement. Sous débit d'air, on observe peu d'agrégation et aucune fusion des particules, donc pas d'augmentation de Lv. Ceci est expliqué par la présence d'oxydes à la surface du platine. Sous atmosphère réductrice (H2 3%/He), l'agrégation des entités de platine et l'augmentation de Lv se produisent. Deux cinétiques de croissance de cristallites existent. De plus, le support carboné subit une dégradation par combustion sous air et reformage sous atmosphère réductrice. L'effet du traitement thermique sous atmosphères contrôlées sur la surface active et sur l'activité pour la réduction de l'oxygène et l'oxydation du CO a été évaluéFuel cell Pt/C catalysts were prepared via different colloidal methods. TGA, TGAMS, TEM and XRD studies from 323 to 573 K were carried out under oxidative and reductive atmospheres to mimic fuel cell anode and cathode working conditions and to accelerate ageing process. Under air flow, little aggregation of platinum is observed, but no fusion and increase of Lv. This is explained by the presence of oxygen species on the platinum surface. Under reductive atmosphere (H2 3%/He), aggregation and increase of the mean crystallite size are observed. Two kinetics of grain growth process seem to exist. Moreover, the carbon support undergoes degradation by combustion under air and reforming under reductive atmosphere. The effect of thermal treatment under controlled atmospheres on the electrochemical active surface area and on the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction and CO oxidation of the Pt/C catalyst were evaluated
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Coursindel, Thibault. "Conception, synthèse et valorisation de spirolactames originaux mimant une hélice de type polyproline II." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20063/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans un projet à long terme visant à développer de nouveaux outils nécessaires à l'élucidation de mécanismes biologiques impliquant des interactions de type protéine-protéine mettant en jeu des structures secondaires protéiques de type polyproline II (PPII). En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressés à la conception, synthèse et valorisation de spirolactames originaux capables de mimer une hélice PPII, point de départ dans la recherche de nouvelles molécules d'intérêts thérapeutiques. Cette structure secondaire unique, caractéristique des ligands SH3, joue un rôle essentiel dans certaines activités biologiques telles que les phénomènes de reconnaissance, la transduction de signal, la transcription, la mobilité cellulaire, les réponses immunitaires et se trouve aussi impliquée dans des pathologies majeures telles que le SIDA, la Maladie d'Alzheimer et plusieurs tumeurs cancéreuses. Face à l'importance des structures secondaires PPII dans des cibles d'intérêt thérapeutique, dans les phénomènes de reconnaissance protéine-protéine, et face à l'absence dans la littérature de mimes PPII pertinents, ces travaux se sont attachés à l'élaboration et la valorisation d'outils PPII contraints, stables vis-à-vis de la dégradation protéasique. Ils nous ont tout d'abord permis de développer un accès stéréocontrôlé à une plateforme spiro [4,4] inédite, en nous appuyant sur une réaction de contraction de cycle développée récemment dans notre groupe, le réarrangement transannulaire de lactames activés (TRAL). Les études de dynamique moléculaire, et de dichroïsme circulaire nous ont permis de démontrer que certains des composés spiro synthétisés adoptent une structure "PPII-like", d'autres semblent au contraire se structurer en coude bêtaThis work is part of a long term project with the aim to develop new tools for the elucidation of biological mechanisms involving protein-protein interactions with the participation of the protein secondary structure named polyproline type II (PPII). In particular, we are interested in the design, the synthesis and the development of original spirolactams as first mimics of PPII helix, the starting point in the discovery of new compounds of therapeutic interest. This unique secondary structure, characteristic of SH3 ligands, plays a critical role in various biological activities such as the phenomena of recognition, signal transduction, transcription, cell motility, immune responses and is also involved in major diseases such as AIDS, Alzheimer's disease and several carcinogenic tumors. Regarding the importance of the PPII secondary structures in targets of therapeutic interest and in the phenomena of protein-protein recognition, and observing the absence in the literature relevant PPII mimics, this thesis have focused on the development of constrained PPII tools, stable versus protease degradation. This work first allowed us to develop an stereocontroled access to a novel spiro [4.4] scaffold, relying on a new ring contraction reaction recently developed in our group, namely transannular rearrangement of activated lactams (TRAL) . Studies of molecular dynamics, and circular dichroism have demonstrated that some of the synthesized spiro compounds adopt a "PPII-like" structure, others seems to be structured in beta-turn
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Lamblin, Jacob. "XENON100 et MIMAC, des détecteurs à la recherche de matière noire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845580.
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Le document présente la problématique de la détection directe de matière noire dans le cadre des expériences XENON100 et MIMAC. Après une introduction générale sur la matière noire et sur les signaux attendus dans un détecteur terrestre, les deux projets sont passés en revue en se concentrant sur les aspects expérimentaux. L'accent est mis particulièrement sur la caractérisation des performances des détecteurs et sur les bruits de fonds associés.
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Delhon, Laure. "Rôle d’ADAMTSL2 et FBN1 dans l’ossification endochondrale : étude des modèles murins mimant la dysplasie géléophysique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB081/document.
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La dysplasie géléophysique (DG) est une maladie rare qui appartient à la famille des dysplasies acroméliques. Cette pathologie est caractérisée par un retard statural, une brachydactylie, une raideur articulaire, une dysmorphie faciale, une peau épaisse, une atteinte bronchopulmonaire et une surcharge valvulaire cardiaque conduisant le plus souvent à une mort précoce dans les premières années de la vie. Deux modes de transmissions ont été identifiés. Le premier autosomique récessif est dû à des mutations dans le gène ADAMTSL2. Le second, autosomique dominant est dû à un hot-spot de mutations dans les exons 41 et 42 qui codent pour le domaine Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5) du gène FBN1. FBN1 et ADAMTSL2 codent pour des protéines sécrétées de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC). FBN1 code pour la fibrilline-1, une composante des microfibrilles qui jouent un rôle dans la biodisponibilité du TGFβ. La protéine ADAMTSL2 fait partie de la famille des ADAMTS mais n’a pas d’activité enzymatique dû à l’absence de domaine catalytique. Sa fonction est encore inconnue. Cependant des partenaires d’ADAMTSL2 ont été identifiés par notre équipe : latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1) et FBN1 qui sont directement impliqués dans le stockage de TGFβ. Récemment une autre protéine, FBN2, a aussi été découverte comme partenaire d’ADAMTSL2 (Hubmacher D et. al.). L’objectif de ma thèse était de comprendre le mécanisme physiopathologique de la DG, grâce à l’analyse de modèles murins. Un premier modèle murin pour la forme récessive de la DG appelé CreCMV; Adamtsl2f/f (ou KO) a été généré. L’analyse phénotypique de ces souris a montré un retard statural, des os longs courts, des extrémités courtes. Dans les plaques de croissance des os longs des souris mutantes, nous avons observé une désorganisation des colonnes chondrocytaires associée à une diminution de l’expression du collagène de type 10, marqueur de la différentiation des chondrocytes. L’analyse de la matrice extracellulaire des plaques de croissance a révélé une désorganisation structurale importante. Une diminution de la fibrilline-1 et de LTBP-1 a été observée ainsi qu’une augmentation de l’activation de la voie de signalisation TGFβ au niveau de la plaque de croissance des souris mutantes. Nous avons observé une désorganisation du réseau microfibrillaire sur des cultures de chondrocytes de souris mutantes. Ces résultats nous ont permis de suggérer que la protéine ADAMTSL2 est impliquée dans la structure du réseau microfibrillaire, lieu de stockage du TGFβ et de démontrer un rôle majeur d’ADAMTSL2 dans la régulation de la chondrogenèse. Afin d’étudier la forme dominante de la DG, le modèle FBN1TB5+/- a été généré. Il est issu d’un système knock-in avec une mutation dans l’exon 42 du gène fbn1 qui correspond au domaine TB5 de la fibrilline-1. Nos résultats ont montré une réduction de la taille des souris hétérozygotes et homozygotes en comparaison aux souris sauvages au stade P1 et P30. Au stade P1, nous avons observé des chondrocytes plus larges et une dérégulation des marqueurs de la chondrogenèse au niveau de la plaque de croissance des fémurs des souris hétérozygotes, ainsi que chez les souris homozygotes. De plus, nous avons observé une très forte mortalité des souris homozygotes vers l’âge de 2 ou 3 mois. Nous en avons conclu que des mutations domaine TB5 de la fibrilline étaient liées à un retard statural et donc que FBN1 avait un rôle majeur dans la chondrogenèseGeleophysic dysplasia (GD) is a rare disease, which belong to acromelic group. This pathology is characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, thick skin, facial dimorphism, broncho-pulmonary insufficiency and cardiac disease which lead to an early death in the first years of life. Two mode of inheritance have been identified. The first one, autosomal recessive, is due to mutations in ADAMTSL2 gene. The second, autosomal dominant, is due to hot-spot mutations in exon 41-42 of FBN1 gene, which encode the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5) of the protein. FBN1 and ADAMTSL2 encode secreted proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). FBN1 encodes fibrilline-1, component of microfibrillar network, playing a role in the bioavailability of TGF- β. ADAMTSL2 protein belongs to ADAMTS family, but does not have enzymatic activity due to lack of catalytic domain. Its function remains unknown. However, ADAMTSL2 partners have been identified by our team: latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1) and FBN1, which are directly implied in storage of TGF-β. Recently, another protein, FBN2, have been identified as an ADAMTSL2 partner (Hubmacher D et. al.). The aim of my study was to understand the physiopathological mechanism of Geleophysic dysplasia by analysing murine models. A first murine model for the GD recessive form, CreCMV; Adamtsl2f/f (KO), have been generated. Phenotypic analysis of these mice showed short stature and shorter long bones and extremities. In long bone growth plate of mutant mice, we observed disorganization of chondrocyte columns, associated with decrease of collagen 10 expression, marker of chondrocyte differentiation. Analysis of ECM in growth plate revealed strong structural disorganization. Decrease of FBN1 and LTBP1 and were observed with an overactivation of TGF-β pathway in growth plate of mutant mice. We observed disorganization of microfibrillar network in chondrocyte cultures of mutant mice. These results suggest that ADAMTSL2 protein is implied in structure of microfibrillar network, where is stored TGF-β, and demonstrate major role of ADAMTSL2 in chondrogenesis. In order to study dominant form of GD, mouse model FBN1TB5+/-, have been generated. The mice were obtained by knock-in system, with mutation in exon 42 of FBN1 gene. Our results showed short stature of heterozygous (HT) and homozygous (Ho) mice compared to wild)type mice, at stage P1 and P30. At stage P1, we observed larger chondrocytes and deregulation of chondrogenesis markers in growth plate of HT and Ho mice. Furthermore, we observed high mortality of Ho mice at 2-3 months. We concluded that mutations in TB5 domain of FBN1 were linked to short stature and thus FBN1 have major role in chondrogenesis
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Pettersson, Sofia. ""Zagrebs Louvre" - i skuggan av väst : Om uteslutningar av östeuropeisk konst i konsthistorien med utgångspunkt i Mimara-museets samling i Zagreb." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4376.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att ifrågasätta den rådande västerländska historieskrivningen. Genom att undersöka Mimara-museets konstsamling i Zagreb och samlaren Ante Topic Mimara (1898-1987) vill jag problematisera förhållandet mellan västerländsk historieskrivning och Östeuropa. Utifrån museikatalogen (1989) och artiklar av Thomas Hoving och Konstantin Akinsha har jag undersökt vem denne kroatiske samlare var och hur han samlade. Två olika sidor beskrivs. En tydlig nationalistisk syn på samlingen, samlaren och museet ges av katalogen medan artiklarna beskriver en systematisk konsttjuv och förfalskare med kontakter hos flera högt uppsatta europeiska politiker och ledare. Med Carol Duncan undersöks syftet med Mimaras donation av konstsamlingen till Kroatien liksom museets utformning och det budskap som förmedlas. Flera likheter finns med de amerikanska donatorer som Duncan beskriver, inte minst drömmen att genom sitt museum bli odödlig och historisk. Samlingens innehåll diskuteras i relation till den västerländska konstens kanon och James Elkins teorier om konsthistoriens form. Tillsammans med Gill Perry och Colin Cunninghams redogörelse för vad den klassiska konstens kanon innehåller konstaterar jag att det har varit den sortens samling Mimara velat skapa. Även liknelsen som man från museets sida gjorde vid öppnandet 1987 genom att hävda det som ”Zagrebs Louvre” beskriver vilket perspektiv som museet och Mimara haft. För att försöka besvara uppsatsen frågeställning om varför Östeuropa har uteslutits och fortfarande utesluts i konsthistoriekonstruerandet använde jag mig av Tom Sandqvist och David Carrier. Den huvudsakliga anledningen är enligt dessa två den historiskt ideologiska skillnaden mellan öst och väst, i kombination med de kulturella likheterna. Östeuropa har alltså betraktats som annorlunda men inte tillräckligt exotiskt för att inkluderas som till exempel afrikansk och asiatisk konst som har en given plats i konsthistoriska översiktsverk. I uppsatsen undersöks också dagens debatt om östeuropeisk konst i förhållande till Västeuropa och västerlandets sätt att berätta konstens historia. Den debatten sker till stor del av SocialEast Forum och deras arbete genom seminarier och forskning, vilket även sker i samarbete med just Mimara-museet. Problemen är många kring hur man ska förhålla sig till denna samling och dess starkt ifrågasatta proveniens, men just därför desto mer intressant. Undersökningen visar på en förändrad och mer kritisk attityd i Kroatien till den västerländskt präglade historieskrivning som Mimara-museets samling speglar. Denna uppsats resulterar snarare i fler frågor än svar, men frågor vi måste börja ställa.
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Lau, Justine Yeeman, and jlau@med usyd edu au. "Novel genes associated with airway smooth muscle proliferation in asthma." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5134.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)It is well recognised that both genetic and environmental factors determine an individual’s predisposition to asthma. In recent years, the airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell has come to the attention of researchers to, not merely be a contractile cell of the airway, but one that orchestrates events affecting airway remodelling and proliferation. Experiments described in this thesis have, for the first time, examined genes that are associated with various aspects of the pathogenesis of asthma by using the candidate gene approach and a genome wide search. Genes have not only been identified to be differentially expressed in ASM cells derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic participants, but have also been linked with a functional consequence of asthma. The three genes found to be differentially regulated between ASM cells derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic participants were Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- gamma (PPARγ), mimecan and fibulin-1. Expression of the anti-proliferative transcriptional factor PPARγ, found by the candidate gene approach, was elevated in ASM cells derived from asthmatic participants. Whilst elevated, the anti-proliferative effect of PPARγ was absent in ASM cells derived from asthmatic participants. By microarray analysis, mimecan, an anti-proliferative agent was identified. Mimecan levels, although not different basally in ASM cells, were upregulated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) only in asthmatic derived ASM cells. Silencing mimecan, by the use of specific oligonucleotides, increased proliferation of ASM cells. This suggested that by increasing mimecan expression, the proliferation of ASM cells may be halted. Fibulin-1, also found by microarray analysis and the final gene examined in this thesis, was found in elevated levels in BAL fluid, serum and ASM cells obtained from asthmatic participants. In addition, ASM cells derived from asthmatic participants, for the first time were shown to have faster wound healing rates compared with nonasthmatics. The elevated fibulin-1 levels in ASM cells derived from asthmatic participants, in the presence of TGFβ, were demonstrated to contribute to this increased wound healing. Specifically, fibulin-1 was found to affect wound healing by increasing proliferation rather than migration. The current available treatments for asthma, target the contractility and inflammatory conditions in the airway. Through this thesis, novel genes discovered to be associated with proliferation may be potential therapeutic targets to treat asthma. In particular, the fibulin-1 gene is outstandingly promising, as it was shown that silencing fibulin-1 resulted in slower wound healing rates through decreased cell proliferation, to possibly inhibit the airway remodelling observed in asthma, and furthermore, corticosteroid therapy was demonstrated not to affect to this gene.
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Singer, Rüdiger [Verfasser]. "Mimen-Ekphrasis : Schauspielkunst in der Literatur um 1800 und um 1900 / Rüdiger Singer." Göttingen : V&R Unipress, 2018. http://www.v-r.de/.
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Kasprzyk, Eliška. "Šamanské principy v tvorbě moderního mima a herce." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391702.
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The Master’s thesis “Shamanistic principles in the work of modern mime and actor” is concerned with using the shamanistic principles in the artistic, creative process. It deals with the levels of consciousness, that helps the concentration during both, performing and creating and with the importance of a ritual for the individual and a group. It looks into a modern, living theatre, that touches the deep, inner human needs and it mentions the same or similar targets of ritual and theatre.
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Tvedt, Henrik. "Modular approach to offshore vessel design and configuration." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18580.
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The design process used in most vessel design approaches can be described as sequential and iterative, where the initial design is subject to constant improvements. The process development is thereby constrained by the decisions made in early stages of design. It becomes apparent that the more design knowledge which can be generated and evaluated in these stages, the better foundation the designer has to make the best decisions. System Based Ship design (SBSD) has introduced a bottom-up approach which generates a functional description based on the vessel missions for use in early stages of design. SBSD focuses on enabling creativity and innovation in vessel design by being able to evaluate alternative solutions. The increase and availability of computational processing capacity these days is a contributor to enabling more design aspects included in earlier design stages.This thesis focuses on development of a system that is able to efficiently develop and evaluate Offshore Support Vessel designs and alternative designs in concept- and preliminary stages of design. Based on the functional description of OSVs from the SBSD methodology are modules related to vessels missions systematically identified and generated. Modular Product Platforms (MPPs) which contains rules for how these OSV modules can be combined have been developed to efficiently develop design alternatives for consideration. The main focuses have been to enable creativity, innovation and alternative solutions in an efficient manner in early stages of design. Due to the physical similarities that the OSVs share, MPPs have provided a good tool for efficient development of these vessels. The parametric ship description within the MPPs enables concept exploration and improvement with low effort and facilitates design evaluation and improvement. Automated 3D modelling based on the OSV MPPs provides a more intuitive design process and facilitates design evaluation to multiple vessel alternatives. The responsiveness and flexibility of the MPP and automated 3D modelling is believed to have benefits in a sales situation to efficiently develop design alternatives based on customer demands and providing a visual representation for discussion. This has the potential of reducing the time and resources involved in tendering/sales projects. MPPs can be used by design companies to more easily communicate which designs they can offer, and to explore vessel design parameters influence on performance. Due to vessels complex hull shape, the modules’ shapes and quantity positioned within the hull influence the performance of the output design form the MPPs. Control and manipulation of hull shape is found to be essential due to vessel characteristics. Sectioning of the hull shapes within the MPPs has provided a good method of enabling control and evaluation of the hull shape with minimum compromise to other design performances. Databases containing vessel statistics have provided a good method of comparing key performance criteria of output design from the MPPs to existing vessels and thereby contribute to validation of the design. These vessel statistics will also support the designer in providing good initial input values for parameters that are found by iterations and design development. Search- and optimization algorithms can be used to find good configurations of the MPP parameters and support the designer with parameter options in future developments. The developed MPPs can be further developed to incorporate more aspects to OSV design, and by supporting and incorporating analysis and simulations from other software applications, based in the generated 3D model, a solid tool for OSV design can be established. Re-configuration related to OSV operations can become a solution in competition for the most favourable contracts and to account for the fluctuating and seasonal market. Re-configuration alternatives can efficiently be launched and evaluated by the use of MPPs. Although the developed system seems to efficiently develop design alternatives with good performance, it has yet to prove its applicability as a tool for use in the industry.
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Sørstrand, Svenn Sætren. "A Decision Support Model for Merchant Vessels Operating on the Arctic Sea." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18582.
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With the ice cap diminishing rapidly on the Arctic Sea, the opportunity of using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) increases correspondingly. However, the climate and presence of ice on the NSR sets additional requirements, which represent an additional investment cost for the ship owner who’s potentially willing to use the NSR. These additional investment costs, mainly represented by the ice classification, may be up to 12 % higher on total ship cost, depending on ice class, see Polach, Janardanan, and Ehlers (2012). These estimates are however uncertain, as are many other specifics of operating on the NSR; the degree of ice presence, the future fee cost on the NSR, insurance and additional maintenance cost together with varying operational time on the NSR. Numerous of assessments to determine the potential cost advantage of using the NSR as a transit route have been conducted throughout the recent years. These are, however conflicting in their conclusions and a final answer to the question is therefore lacking. Therefore, this thesis presents a decision support model (DSM) that can be used to support and assess the question of using the NSR or not based on own costs and available information. The DSM takes into account amongst others; ice conditions, the vessels parameters and its performance in ice, the operational window on the NSR, the initial investment cost of the vessel, and finally the operational and voyage costs. All these variables are changeable, and therefore the potential user of the DSM can alter them and see its effect on the calculated output, which are, amongst others: the ship merit factor (SMF), the life cycle cost (LCC) and the required freight rate (RFR).In addition to the developed DSM, a scenario where investing in a new ice classed vessel for use on the NSR in the summer season when there is less ice, and navigating the Suez Canal Route (SCR) the remaining annual operational time is presented. Through a brief assessment on the cargo flow between East-Asia and Europe, it was decided to implement the DSM for container shipping, as this is the main traffic on the route which could benefit from the shorter distance provided by the NSR. Based on this decision, how to combine the fixed schedule of liner shipping with the uncertainty of the NSR has been discussed. Here it has been concluded that the best way to combine the two routes for liner shipping is to slow steam the NSR when the ice conditions are favourable. Furthermore, the design requirements for ships navigating on the NSR have been reviewed in addition to the limiting parameters and constraints of the route. These and other special requirements for NSR navigation have been summarized and compared versus the open water requirements of the SCR. In order to implement performance in ice and open water into the DSM, prediction methods for brash ice resistance, net thrust and open water resistance have been studied. These formulas, in addition to schedule, fuel, operational and voyage costs, cargo amounts and other calculations have been implemented in the DSM. With the DSM developed, it has been evaluated through sensitivity calculations to ensure that it behaves reasonable when input parameters are altered. Moreover, two case studies have been conducted, both using the established scenario of using the NSR in addition to the SCR. In the first case study, the performance of a SCR vessel fitted with an ice class and the other requirements needed is assessed for the different ice classes of the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules (FISCR). In the second case study, the possibility of optimizing the design of the first case study to fit the schedule and route better, and thus yield more profit, is investigated through the DSM.Under the given assumptions and input used, all the FSICR classed vessels are found to be more profitable using the NSR in the summer season than the same vessel without ice class navigating only the SCR. However, with the profitability declining as the ice extent and thickness grows, the dictating element on NSR profitability is the ice conditions. The 1A ice classed vessel have been found to be the best alternative of the FSICR vessels, when also taking into consideration the ice capabilities of the 1A ice class with respect to ice thickness. Results of the second case study show that having an optimized vessel for the specific route and schedule is important in order to maximize profit as the optimized 1A ice classed vessel show better performance in all calculated results and ice scenarios.The economic advantage of using the NSR under the given scenario is however marginal. And the potential user of the NSR must therefore take into account the additional risk and uncertainty in terms of ice navigation and unforeseen expenses of using the NSR, before making the final decision. With increasing traffic over the recent years, it is well established that using the NSR is technically feasible. Nevertheless, in order to have shipping on the NSR on a regular basis, one must first and foremost have ice conditions that permit safe, economic and consistent navigation. Secondly, there must be a consistent fee system, which does not take away the benefit of the shorter distance in addition to shorter lead-time for booking NSR assistance. With these prerequisites in place, use of the NSR can be beneficial financially and in terms of reduced emissions.
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Wathne, Eivind. "Cargo Stowage Planning in RoRo Shipping : Optimisation Based Naval Architecture." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18597.
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Operations research has proven itself to be advantageous in several areas of the industry for many years, but is operations research a good approach to operational maritime planning? Expressions used to calculate the initial stability of a vessel are often non-linear. Optimisation models demand linearity, and approximated linearisations of the proven stability formulas needed to be developed. This was arguably found to be the biggest challenge when modelling the cargo stowage optimisation model. The characteristics of the RoRo shipping industry have been examined to gain a better understand of the segment. Further, some methods for calculating the initial stability of floating bodies have been presented for the readers that are not already familiar with this area of science.The thesis has used a published optimisation model as a foundation for further expansions. The model is a mathematical formulation of a cargo stowage problem in the RoRo shipping segment, where a predetermined vessel ships mandatory and optional cargoes from fixed loading ports to unloading ports. The reference model controls the vertical and transverse stability of the vessel by imposing constraints that are linear approximations of stability formulas. The model was expanded to ensure the longitudinal stability of the vessel as well. Additionally, the definitions of the existing vertical and transverse stability constraints were altered to provide more accurate co-ordinates for the expanded optimisation model.The computational study showed that the original model was able to find the optimal solution faster than the expanded model. The stowage flexibility was also better than for the expanded model, and the revenue generated was equal or higher in the original model for all scenarios. This was because the expanded model is of a greater size than the original, and is much more constrained in terms of stowage on the various decks. The expanded model divides the decks on the vessel not only into lanes, as the original model does, but also into slots. It can therefore ensure the longitudinal stability of the vessel as well. In addition to this, the lanes and slots in the expanded model are subject to lower and upper bounds for width and length, respectively. The original model allows the width of a lane to take values from zero up to the total width of the deck. In the original model, the size of the set of lanes therefore does not dictate the division of decks into lanes. This was found good for stowage flexibility, but is problematic to defend from a stability and safety perspective.
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Sachithanathamoorthy, Kumaravalavan. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TENSION LEG ANCHOR SYSTEMS FOR FLOATING WINDMILLS." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18613.
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Increasing demand for clean and effective energy production turns interests of the world on floating offshore wind technology. To establish floating wind farms, a wind turbine have to be mound on a floating structure. The floating structure has to be carefully design according to sea environmental condition and kept in precise position. Different types of floating structure and stationkeeping systems have been proposed for floating wind turbines. This project deals with design a spar floater with tension leg mooring system, where the vertical fairlead position located between center of buoyancy and center of gravity. In this project a details study about floater design and tension leg concept was presented. Further, a model was established in computer program RIFLEX and static and dynamic analysis was carried out for two different environmental conditions, one for an operation condition to understand the model behaviour in normal sea state. The second one was for extreme condition to estimate the extreme tether forces and find out slacking possibility.
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Thorsen, Ingvill Bryn. "Estimation and Computation of Ice-Resistance for Ship Hulls." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18757.
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The oil price continues to increase while oil companies search for oil in new areas. There is assumed that 25% of the world’s hydrocarbons are located in the arctic area. Operating in these areas will be a huge challenge due to extreme low temperatures and ice condition Today one can predict with good accuracy how a ship will manage in different ice condition. Research on ship operating in ice the last decades has resulted in many different formulas for predicting ice resistance on a ship hull. Analytical and numerical methods are developed to estimate the resistance working on the ship hull under different ice conditions. Model test will still be the most accurate prediction, but the other methods may give you some guidelines on what to expect. This thesis contain a theoretically study of ice physics and mechanics. The formation and development of sea ice has been reviewed. The Ice Load Monitoring system tested on the Norwegian coast guard vessel KV Svalbard is described. Three different analytical ice resistance calculation methods are described. The three methods are Lindqvist (1989), Keinonen et al. (1996) and Riska et al. (1997). Data obtained from the Ice Load Monitoring system are used to estimate the full scale ice resistance on KV Svalbard. The three analytical methods are calculated with KV Svalbard as a reference ship to be able to compare with the full scale measurements. MATLAB is used for the calculations.
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Steffensen, Martin-Alexander. "Maritime fleet size and mix problems : An optimization based modeling approach." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18759.
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This master thesis addresses the maritime fleet size and mix problem (MFSMP). Finding the optimal fleet size and mix of ships for future needs is arguably the single most important decision of a ship owner. This thesis has examined the accuracy with which a developed mathematical formulation of the problem is at predicting fleet demand under various conditions. The FSM model that has been studied is an extension of a model already established by the MARFLIX project. Because of the thesis link to the MARFLIX project, the considered shipping segment is deep-sea Ro-Ro. For testing how accurate the FSM model is at creating a fleet that can handle complex routing constraints a deployment model has been developed. The consistency of the model under different time frames, varying bunker costs and effects of using continuous instead of integer variables in the FSM model was also tested.The major findings of the work was that the fleet proposed by the the FSM model, in its current form, often is undersized. The fleet size and mix problem is usually considered a strategic problem, with time horizons up to several years. However, this particular model performed better for shorter time frames. Using continuous variables on the different trips undertaken by the fleet proved to have little impact on the fleet composition, but the loss of a vessel could occur. The method proved, however, to be significantly faster than the using integer variables. Changes in the cost of fuel had immense impact on the fleet composition, and one should always be clear on the effects of fluctuations in fuel costs have on a fleet. In general, when the price increased the fleet got larger and slow steamed a larger portion of the fleet.Further work should be made on improving the routing capabilities of the FSM model. In its present form the model cannot be relied upon as the only means for establishing the actual optimal fleet. It can, however, be used as a guidance
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Thyholdt, Kristoffer Clausen. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulations on a GPU : An optimization approach using C++ AMP." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18854.
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The lattice Boltzmann method has become a valuable tool in computational fluid dynamics, one of the reasons is due to the simplicity of its coding. In order to maximize the performance potential of today’s computers, code has to be optimized for parallel execution. In order to achieve parallel execution of the lattice Boltzmann method, the data dependency has to be solved. And to get good performance, the memory has to be organized for unit stride access. Here we investigate the most known algorithms for lattice Boltzmann, and implement a code which runs on a parallel graphics processor, using a library for parallelization called C++ AMP. Furthermore, we show how the code compares to known solutions of fluid flows to verify the numerical results. The optimized parallel code achieves a speed up of 650 times the un-optimized code, on a current generation high-end graphics card.
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Kroondijk, Rinke. "High Energy Ship Collisions With Bottom Supported Offshore Wind Turbines." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19406.
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As the worlds demand for energy is increasing mostly due to the increase in population, and coal, oil and gas deposits are limited, it is desirable to gather energy from renewable energy sources. Wind energy is a form of renewable energy. Wind turbines have been common on land and near shores for some time, but now one wants to take advantage of the wind resources further away from the coast. As the length from the coast increases, so does the water depth making it necessary to use other foundations than the well-known monopile. In this thesis the “Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency” in Germany, also known as Bundesamt für Schifffarth und Hydrographie requires in the standard “Design of Offshore Wind Turbines” that an offshore wind turbine needs to be risk evaluated against a ship tanker of more than 500 MJ in collision energy in order to be classified as collision energy. This is to prevent environmental pollution in form of oil spill. Whether the offshore wind turbine models used in this thesis are collision friendly or not relies on different factors. When the given soil properties are used the analyses show in all cases except one that the offshore wind turbine models can be called collision friendly. The case were it could not be called collision friendly was a case with the small jacket at a water depth of 27 m getting hit by a loaded ship at a column of the jacket, but installing a horizontal brace on this jacket would make it also collision friendly. The effects of soil, water depth and a horizontal x-brace are looked further into in this thesis. If the soil had been stronger it is not certain that the outcome would be the same. When the jackets were fixed to the sea bed, several of the models could collapse in the dangerous direction over the ship. A horizontal brace was seen to have a positive effect when installed on the different jacket models. It seems also that it is more favorable to use jackets at deeper water.
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Qvale, Kjetil Hatlestad. "Analysis and Design of Columns in Offshore Structures subjected to Supply Vessel Beam Collisions." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18658.
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During this Master Thesis, leg-segments of jacket platforms subjected to supply vessel impacts have been considered. Finite element analyses (FEA) have been conducted using the explicit solver LS DYNA. The FEA results have been discussed and compared against simplified calculation methods and basic theory. In order to investigate the effect of the surrounding structure, two sets of boundary conditions have been considered for the columns:-Perfectly clamed boundary conditions-Axial flexible boundary conditions. The results have shown that the effect of the surrounding structure should be included. The effect is most important of the strength of the column is small relative to the striking ship. Parameter studies of the column-design with respect to column diameter and thickness have been performed. Three column diameters have been considered, namely 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m. The thickness has been varied from 30 mm – 70 mm. Force-deformation relationships for the different columns have been compared and discussed. Based on the available amount of impact-energy, the different column-designs have been categorised as strength-designed, ductile-designed or shared-energy designed. The parameter study shows that if strength-design is aimed for, a column thickness of 70 mm in the case where the diameter = 1.5 m is required. If the column diameter is 2.0 m, strength design is achieved with a column thickness of 60 mm. Strength design was not achieved for the column with diameter = 1.0 m. However, based on the results, strength design of the 1.0 m column would probably require a thickness above 70 mm. The resistance against local indentation for the different columns have been considered and compared against resistance curves recommended by NORSOK N-004. The NORSOK-curves give a reasonable estimation of the strength for the weakest columns but becomes quite conservative compared to the strongest columns. An empirical design curve which takes the gradual increasing contact area into account was suggested based on the results. The resistance against global deformations have been compared against a simplified collapse mechanism. The results show that the accuracy of the simplified model is very dependent on the load definition and whether or not effects of reduced capacity due to local indentations are included. Two impact-scenarios have been considered: beam impacts and stern impacts. The beam impacts scenario proved to be the critical case in most cases. Finally, the effect of ring stiffeners applied in the collision-zone of the platform leg has been considered. 4 different designs have been evaluated. However, it was found that the effect on the column strength is larger if the column thickness is increased.
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Haugen, Sunniva Fossen. "Konseptutvikling av en offshore supply base plassert i Barentshavet." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20119.
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Den globale etterspørselen etter petroleum er økende, og produksjon av olje-og gassressurser flyttes til stadig nye lokasjoner. Dette har ført til et økt fokus på mulighetene for å utvinne petroleum i nordområdene, også i den norske delen av Barentshavet. Det er allerede felt som er åpnet for oljeutvinning i Barentshavet Sør, Snøhvit produserer allerede gass og Goliat-feltet vil begynne å produsere olje i 2014. I tillegg er en konsekvensutredning utført for åpningen av et nytt mulig felt i Barentshavet Sørøst. Å utvikle nye oljefelt så langt nord er utfordrende. Det er flere metocean-relaterte utfordringer som lave temperaturer, havis, ising, polare lavtrykk og lav sikt. Dette tvinger petroleumsbransjen til å finne nye tekniske løsninger og myndighetene tvinges til å utvikle nye standarder og forskrifter som gjelder for det utfordrende miljøet i Arktis. Men de mest fremtredende utfordringene er de lange avstandene og mangelen på infrastruktur. Dette gjør det vanskelig å utvikle petroleumsløsninger som både ivaretar sikkerheten og er økonomisk gjennomførbare. For å redusere sikkerheten og logistiske hull forårsaket av mangler i infrastrukturen, kan en Offshore Supply Base (OSB) plasseres i Barentshavet. Den norske delen av Barentshavet kan deles inn i to deler, hvor Barentshavet Sør er generelt isfritt hele året og Barentshavet Nord har isdekket farvann hver vinter.Denne oppgaven har sett på to OSB-konsepter, hvor ett er plassert i den sørlige delen av Barentshavet og det andre er plassert i nord. De viktigste betingelsene som er satt for de to konseptene er at OSBen skal kunne-Forbedre SAR-dekning-Forbedre oljevernberedskapen i Barentshavet-Tilby logistikktjenesterDet er for øyeblikket ingen planer om å utvikle oljefelt i Barentshavet Nord. I tillegg er det tekniske begrensninger vedrørende valg av mulige offshore installasjoner for OSBen på grunn av tilstedeværelsen av havis. Derfor er et konsept der en OSB er plassert i Barentshavet Sør ansett å være den beste løsningen. Det resulterende konseptet er et multipurpose skip plassert på ca. 73.1N 27.1E. OSBen vil ha et SAR-helikopter permanent plassert på innretningen og vil kunne tilby utvidet sykehusfunksjonalitet. Den vil også være i stand til å fungere som en NOFO-tankskip under oljevernaksjoner. Logistikktjenestene som har blitt foreslått er verksted og lagringsmuligheter. Hastigheten til fartøyet skal være minimum 15 knop. Den foreslåtte plasseringen til OSBen gjør at et SAR-helikopter plassert på innretning vil ha en 3 timers radius som dekker hele det nye foreslåtte oljefeltet i Barentshavet Sørøst. OSBen vil også være i stand til å dekke hele den norske delen av Barentshavet innen 24 timer i tilfelle en oljevernberedskap.Å basere OSBen på et skipsformet enkeltskrog gjør det mulig å konvertere et eksisterende fartøy, som kan være et billigere alternativ enn et nybygg. Den nøyaktige størrelsen på fartøyet skal være basert på mengden av oljeutslipp OSBen vil kunne motta og de utvidede logistikktjenester OSBen er i stand til å gi. Disse betingelsene bør etableres ved å utføre en konseptuell forretningsplan og risikoanalyse vedrørende mengde oljesøl den bør kunne motta.
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Champenois, Sylvain. "Dynamique de la résonance entre Mimas et Tethys, premier et troisième satellites de Saturne." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1998. https://hal.science/tel-02094982.
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Ce travail présente, d'une part, des méthodes visant à améliorer la représentation analytique des mouvements orbitaux des satellites naturels des planètes, ainsi que la détermination de leurs fréquences propres, et d'autre part, une étude détaillée de la dynamique du système Mimas-Tethys, en prenant en compte des termes ignores jusqu'à présent dans les équations de ce système. On a ainsi mis au point une méthode qui détecte les fréquences propres orbitales jusqu'a la précision machine si elles sont bien séparées, et qui donne encore de bons résultats si les fréquences sont proches (écart inferieur a deux fois la fréquence fondamentale). En outre, l'on a élaboré une méthode permettant de représenter des termes proches en fréquence par des séries de poisson, qui donne de très bons résultats si l'écart est inferieur a une demie fois la fréquence fondamentale. L’étude particulière du système Mimas-Tethys a montré, quant à elle, que le fait de considérer pour Tethys une orbite excentrique change radicalement la vision que l'on avait jusqu'à maintenant de la dynamique de cette résonance. En effet, le système a pu dans le passe traverser une zone chaotique importante, et aussi être capture dans l'une des résonances secondaires induites par les nouveaux termes pris en considération. En conséquence, les valeurs des éléments orbitaux avant la capture en résonance et de la probabilité de celle-ci peuvent avoir été bien différentes des valeurs admises jusqu'à présent. Finalement, nos résultats montrent que la dynamique d'un système résonant à priori bien connu peut réserver des surprises. De plus, nous pensons que l'application de nos méthodes peut permettre une très bonne détermination des fréquences d'un système dynamique.
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Öçal, Huriye Beyhan Şefika Gülin. "Isparta kent kimliğinde modernizmin yansımaları ve modernizm etkisindeki konut mimarisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01147.pdf.
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Kocaboyun, Hasibe Beyhan Şefika Gülin. "Antalya Kaleiçi yerleşiminin doğal, kültürel ve tarihi miras olarak incelenmesi ve alanın turizm açısından sürdürülebilir kullanımı /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01231.pdf.
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Landulfo, Gabriel Alves. "An?lise transcrit?mica do intestino de f?meas ingurgitadas de Ornithodoros mimon (Acari: Argasidae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1356.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Ornithodoros mimon is an argasid tick that parasitizes bats, birds and opossums and is also aggressive towards humans. It inhabits some countries in the Neotropical region. Knowledge of the transcripts present in the tick gut helps in understanding the role of vital molecules in the digestion process and parasite-host relationship, while also providing information about the evolution of arthropod hematophagy. Thus, the present study aimed to ascertain the main molecules expressed in the gut of argasid ticks after their blood meal, through analysis on the gut transcriptome of engorged females of O. mimon. Sixty females were fed and dissected to extract the gut tissue. The transcriptome was obtained through pyrosequencing and the de novo assembly method on mRNA of the gut tissue. We identified 2,235 contigs, of which 1,729 matched database sequences, while 506 did not present any hits. The transcripts were annotated and grouped according to their biological function. Catalytic, binding and transporter activity were the most representative functions, accounting for 780, 709 and 106 contigs, respectively. The transcripts were classified into 31 categories, using both bioinformatics and data curation practices. The most representative categories were, respectively, unknown, catalytic activity and transporter channels. One hundred and three (103) digestives transcritps associated to digestion of proteins (67), carbohydrates (19) and lipid (17) were identified in the transcriptome analysis. Peptidases associated with hemoglobin digestion, such as serine, cysteine, aspartic protease and metalloenzymes, were identified in the gut of the engorged females. Genes associated with transport (hemelipoglycoprotein) and storage (ferritin) of nutrients resulting from hemoglobin digestion, such as heme, were also found in the digestive tract. The presence of a cathepsin O-like cysteine peptidase was recorded in ticks, for the first time. Two thousand and two hundred thirteen (2213) transcripts were deposited to the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) portal of the NCBI.The phylogenetic analysis on the peptidases confirmed that most of them are clustered with other tick genes. Genes for cathepsin L in O. mimon appear to have diverged from other more common recent ancestors. The topology of the phylogenetic inferences, based on transcripts of inferred families of homologues, was similar to that of previous reports based on different datasets, such as mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. Our findings may help towards better understanding of important argasid metabolic processes, such as digestion, nutrition and immunity
Ornithodoros mimon ? um carrapato argas?deo parasita de quir?pteras, aves e marsupiais, al?m de ser bastante agressivo aos humanos. O conhecimento dos transcritos presentes no intestino dos carrapatos auxilia no entendimento do papel de mol?culas vitais no processo digest?o e na rela??o parasito-hospedeiro, al?m de fornecer tamb?m informa??es sobre a evolu??o dos artr?podes hemat?fagos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e identificar as principais mol?culas expressas no intestino de uma esp?cie de carrapato argas?deo ap?s o repasto sangu?neo, atrav?s de uma an?lise transcrit?mica do intestino de f?meas ingurgitadas de O. mimon. Sessenta f?meas foram alimentadas e dissecadas para coleta o tecido intestinal. O RNAm da amostra do intestino foi extra?do, purificado e quantificado. Esse serviu de molde para s?ntese do cDNA, que foi utilizado no pirosequenciamento. O transcritoma foi obtido atrav?s do m?todo de montagem de novo do cDNA do tecido intestinal. Identificou-se 2235 sequ?ncias consensos (contigs) ou transcritos, dos quais 1729 apresentaram similaridade (hit) com sequ?ncias dos bancos de dados, enquanto que 506 n?o tiveram nenhuma similaridade. Os transcritos foram anotados e agrupados conforme as fun??es biol?gicas atribu?das as eles no processo de anota??o g?nica. Atividade catal?tica, ades?o e transporte foram as fun??es mais representativas com 780, 709 e 106 transcritos, respectivamente. Em uma an?lise n?o automatizada, os transcritos foram subcategorizados em 31 categorias. As categorias mais representativas foram desconhecido, atividade catal?tica e transportadores-canais. Identificamos 103 transcritos digestivos associados ? digest??o de prote?nas (67), carboidratos (19) e lip?dios (17). Proteinases das classes serino, ciste?ne, asp?rtica e metalo representaram as enzimas atuantes na digest?o intracelular do constituinte prote?co do repasto sangu?neo. Genes associados com o transporte (hemelipoglicoprote?na) e estocagem (ferritina) dos nutrientes resultantes da digest?o foram encontrados bem expressos no trato digestivo. Registrou-se pela primeira vez a presen?a de uma ciste?na peptidase do tipo catepsina O em carrapatos. Foram depositados no banco de dados g?nico p?blico 2213 transcritos de O. mimon. A an?lise filogen?tica das peptidases revelou que a maioria das proteinases de O. mimon ? pr?xima aos genes codificadores de proteinases de carrapatos. Transcritos de catepsinas L de O. mimon parecem ter divergido de ancestrais recentes diferentes. A infer?ncia filogen?tica baseada em conjunto de dados transcritos hom?logos tem uma resolu??o topol?gica similar a de outros conjuntos de dados, como genoma mitocondrial e sequ?ncias nuclear de RNA riboss?mico (rRNA). Os achados obtidos no presente estudo podem contribuir para compreens?o dos importantes processos dos carrapatos argas?deos, como digest?o, nutri??o e imunidade, al?m de fornecer informa??es sobre a filogenia dos carrapatos.
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Hurtado, Miranda Natali Edith. "Análisis filogenético del género Mimon Gray, 1847 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) con énfasis en el subgénero Anthorhina." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3978.
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Mimon es considerado actualmente un género monofilético conformado por dos subgéneros: Mimon (representado por M. bennettii y M. cozumelae), y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” (representado por M. crenulatum y M. koepckeae). Sin embargo, los recientes resultados de estudios filogenéticos moleculares indican que Mimon es un género parafilético dentro de Phyllostomidae.
En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión de caracteres morfológicos de todas las especies de Mimon, con énfasis en las poblaciones del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, construyendo una matriz a partir de 91 caracteres de la morfología externa, cráneo-dental y postcraneal. Las especies Lophostoma occidentalis, Trachops cirrhosus, Tonatia saurophila, Phyllostomus discolor y Micronycteris megalotis fueron elegidas como grupo externo, de las cuales M. megalotis fue usada para el enraizamiento. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva para encontrar el mejor árbol a partir de 135 caracteres no ordenados, que incluyen los caracteres descritos en este estudio y los caracteres del aparato Hioideo, lengua, tracto digestivo y reproductivo y cerebro, tomados de Wetterer et al. (2000). Se obtuvo un único árbol más parsimonioso bien soportado de 305 pasos. El soporte de la ramas fue pesado con Bremer y el remuestreo por Bootstrap y Jacknife con 10000 réplicas. El árbol más parsimonioso confirma que Mimon no es monofilético, donde Mimon s.s. y el taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” están fuertemente respaldados en nodos no relacionados ni como grupos hermanos. Con la finalidad de resolver el surgente problema taxonómico, recomendamos elevar al taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina” a género. Dado que “Anthorhina” es sinónimo de Tonatia, se propone que éste taxón sea renombrado. Finalmente, brindamos las diagnosis corregidas de Mimon s.s. y del taxón anteriormente llamado “Anthorhina”, basadas en los caracteres usados en el análisis filogenético.
Palabras clave: caracteres morfológicos, género nuevo, Máxima Parsimonia, polifilia.Tesis
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Bonnot, Clémence. "Caractérisation de la phostine : une petite molécule organique de synthèse mimant les symptômes d'une carence en phosphate chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22101.
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La Phostine (PSN ; PHOSphate STarvation response INductor) est une petite molécule organique de synthèse, identifiée dans une chimiothèque par son effet inducteur de l’expression du gène PHT1;4 codant un transporteur de phosphate chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai caractérisé l’effet de la PSN chez Arabidopsis et montré que cette drogue induit plusieurs réponses typiques de la carence en phosphate : expression de gènes régulés localement ou à longue distance, accumulation d’anthocyanes et d’amidon, activité des phosphatases acides, inhibition de la croissance des racines. De plus, la PSN provoque une accumulation de phosphate soluble dans les racines.L’étude d’analogues structuraux de la PSN m’a permis d’identifier un motif commun (#10) nécessaire à son activité biologique. Il apparaît que la PSN et ses analogues actifs sont instables à pH acide, ce qui libère le motif #10. Nous montrons que le motif #10 pénètre dans la plante essentiellement par les racines et qu’il ne circule pas des racines vers les feuilles, et faiblement des feuilles vers les racines. L’accumulation de #10 dans les racines expliquerait l’ensemble des effets observés de la PSN et de ses analogues actifs. Nous avons isolé un mutant d’Arabidopsis dont la croissance racinaire résiste à la PSN. Chez ce mutant, la PSN ne provoque plus l’accumulation d’anthocyanes et d’amidon dans les feuilles, ni celle de phosphate dans les racines. En absence de PSN, et sur un milieu de culture partiellement appauvri en phosphate, les feuilles et les racines de ce mutant accumulent plus de phosphate que celles du type sauvage. Chez les plantes, l’homéostasie du phosphate est soumise à une régulation complexe, la caractérisation approfondie de ce mutant apportera de nouveaux éléments pour sa compréhensionThe Phostin (PSN ; PHOSphate STarvation response INductor) is a small organic synthetic molecule identified in a chemical library by its induction effect on PHT1;4 expression, a gene encoding a phosphate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana. During my PhD, I characterized the effects of PSN in Arabidopsis and shown that this drug induces several phosphate starvation responses: expression of locally or systemically regulated genes, anthocyanin and starch accumulation, acid phosphatase activity, primary root growth inhibition. Moreover, PSN induces inorganic soluble phosphate accumulation in roots.Thanks to PSN’s structural analogues, we identified a common motif (motif #10) necessary to its biological activity. PSN and its analogues are unstable in acidic conditions, leading to the release of #10 motif. We have shown that #10 motif enters the plant mostly by the roots and do not circulate from roots to shoots, and weakly from shoots to roots. The accumulation of #10 motif in the roots explains all the PSN and analogues observed effects. We characterized an Arabidopsis mutant resistant to PSN for its root growth. In this mutant, PSN does not induce anthocyanin or starch accumulation in leaves, neither phosphate in roots. When growing without PSN, on partially phosphate depleted medium, the mutant presents higher phosphate content than the wild type. Phosphate homeostasis is a very complex process in plant, the deep characterization of this mutant will bring new elements for the comprehension of this pathway
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Richard, Andy. "Modèle de satellite à trois couches élastiques : application à la libration en longitude de Titan et Mimas." Observatoire de Paris, 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095288.
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Les librations en longitude d'un satellite naturel en rotation synchrone peuvent être définies comme étant des oscillations autour de sa rotation uniforme. Leurs amplitudes dépendent de la structure interne du stallite et des librations peuvent donc être utilisées pour sonder l'intérieur de ces corps célestes. Récemment, l'analyse des observations de la sonde Cassini a permis de suggérer la présence d'un océan interne sur Titan, la lune la plus massive de Saturne. La mesure de ses librations serait utile pour contraindre les caractéristiques de cet océan. Durant cette thèse, nous avons modélisé les librations en longitude d'un satellite de glace à trois couches élastiques évoluant sur une orbite non-Képlerienne et forcé par un couple atmosphérique. L'objectif était de déterminer l'influence de la structure interne et des déformations élastiques de marée sur l'amplitude des librations. Nous avons déterminé que les déformations élastiques des couches de Titan réduisent la libration à la fréquence orbitale au même ordre de grandeur que celle d'un modèle solide. La signature de l'océan est alors difficile à détecter et nécessite une précision de quelques dizaines de mètres sur les observations du mouvement de la surface. Nous avons également identifié deux librations de longues périodes dont l'amplitude est sensible à la présence de l'océan. Le modèle de libration développé ici est général et a été ensuite appliqué avec succès à Mimas. Les récentes observations des librations en longitude de Mimas ne peuvent être expliquées par un modèle solide du satellite. Nous avons montré que les librations d'un modèle de Mimas contenant un océan interne vérifient les amplitudes observées, ce qui permet de suggérer un nouveau scénario pour la structure interne de Mimas et d'ouvrir le débat sur l'histoire de sa formationThe longitudinal librations of a natural satellite can be defined as the oscillations around its uniform rotation. Their amplitudes depend on the internal structure of the satellite and can be used to probe the interior of these celestial bodies. Recently, the analysis of the Cassini spacecraft observations has suggested the presence of an internal ocean Titan. The measurements of its librational motion could help to characterize the ocean. During the thesis, we modelized the librational motion of a three-layer icy satellite evolving on a non-Keplerian orbit and submitted to an atmospheric torque. The objectives were to determine the influence of the internal structure and the elastic tidal deformations on the longitudinal librations. We determined that the elastic deformations of Titan's layers reduce the orbital frequency libration at the same order as those obtained for a solid model. The signature of the ocean in the libration is thus difficult to delect and require a precision of a few tenth meter on the surface motion to be detacted. The recent observations of Mimas librational motion couldn't be explained by a solid model of the satellite. We showed that the librational motion of Mimas containing an internal ocean match the observed libration amplitude, providing a new scenario in Mimas formation and internal structure
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Martínez, Martínez Marco. "MIMA Museo interactivo del medio ambiente : centro de interpretación medio ambiental." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115795.
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Falk, Marianne-Isabelle, and Thomas Skorpen. "Halvt nedsenkbar tørrtre plattform : Koblingen mellom det hydro-pneumatiske stigerørsstrekk-systemet, stigerørene og kjølen." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19000.
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Det hydro-pneumatiske strekksystemet til stigerørene virker som en passiv hivkompensator med en olje/gass-akkumulator for a utligne de relative bevegelsene mellom semien og stigerørene. Semiresponsen fører direkte til at stempelet beveger seg i sylinderen, noe som gir kompressjon eller ekspansjon av gassen basert på ideell gasslov. Dette gir en ekstra ikkelineær stivhet, som også er avhengig av gassvolumet i systemet. Effekten av semiresponsen for et strekksystem med variabelt gassvolum har blitt evaluert.Strømmen av hydraulisk væske mellom sylinderen og akkumulatoren i kombinasjon med strømmen av gass mellom akkumulatoren og gassreservoaret, gir viskøs dempning i strekksystemet. Disse friskjonskreftene er bestemt av lengde og diameter i rørsystemet, ventiler og andre komponenter i det hydraulisk-pneumatiske systemet. I denne masteroppgaven er det brukt forenklede beregningsmodeller som gir gode, men ikke eksakte resultat. En numerisk metode har blitt skrevet for å beregne trykktap basert på Bernoullis ligning og konservering av masse og moment i systemet.En numerisk metode har også blitt skrevet for å løse svingeligningen i tidsdomenet med ikkelineær stivhet og dempning fra det hydro-pneumatiske strekksystemet. En sensitivitetsanalyse basert på forskjellige perioder og bølgehøyder ble gjort for å separere de forskjellige bidragene fra stigerør-strekksystemet, og lettere finne trender og sammenhenger som definerer dette. I forprosjektet ble transferfunksjoner regnet ut for noen gitte senarioer. Disse gir viktig og mye brukt informasjon i tidlig designfase for prosjekter. Nye transferfunksjoner er tatt ut ved å plotte maksimum respons i stabil fase, basert på tidsserier fra de forskjellige bølgehøydene og periodene.Det finnes friskjonskrefter i ulike kontaktpunkter mellom bevegelige deler på semien, noe som er spesielt viktig for små sjøtilstander. Semiresponsen blir påvirket av friksjonskreftene mellom stigerørene og kjølguiden, og i pakninger i strekksystem-sylinderene. Når friskjonskreftene blir større enn eksitasjonskreftene fra bølgene, vil semien bli «forankret» til stigerørene. Dette fører til at bølgekreftene blir overført direkte til stigerørene, og denne belastningen kan redusere forventet levetid. Analyser har blitt gjort for hvilke regulærbølger dette vil skje. Det er også sett på hvordan den økte stivheten ved en «forankret» tilstand reduserer egenperioden til systemet.
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Belhadj, Jrad Besma. "IImmunogénicité et antigénicité des peptides mimant les boucles de la glycoprotéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 2 (VIH-2)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22093.
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Notre objectif a ete de comparer les proprietes immunologiques de peptides lineaires (l) et cycliques (c) mimant les 11 boucles potentielles de la glycoproteine d'enveloppe (gp125) du virus vih-2rod. Les peptides synthetiques l et c ont ete utilises comme immunogenes chez le lapin. Nous avons montre que les anticorps anti-peptide l ont dans leur majorite une specificite structurale differente des anticorps anti-peptide c. En effet, la reactivite des anticorps anti-peptides l est frequemment meilleure pour les peptides l que pour les peptides c (appelee specificite structurale lineaire) alors que la reactivite des anticorps anti-peptides c est generalement similaire avec les peptides c ou l (appelee specificite structurale large). Nous avons ensuite compare la reactivite des anticorps anti-peptide avec la gp125 native, deglycosylee ou reduite. Nous avons montre qu'il y a deux fois plus de peptides c que de peptides l capables d'induire des anticorps reagissant avec que la gp125 native. De plus, la capacite des anticorps anti-peptide a reagir avec la gp125 native est correlee avec la specificite structurale large des anticorps anti-peptide c. Bien que nous n'ayons pas mis en evidence d'activite neutralisante des anticorps anti-peptide, nous avons montre que la stabilisation de la structure secondaire des peptides par leur cyclisation favorisait leur structuration, demontre par la plus large specificite structurale et la meilleure avidite pour la proteine native des anticorps anti-peptide cycliques par rapport aux anticorps anti-peptide lineaires. L'influence de la formation du pont disulfure sur l'antigenicite des peptides a ete egalement analysee a l'aide de serums d'individus infectes par vih-2. Nous avons montre que la boucle v3 est immunodominante et antigeniquement independante du pont s-s. En revanche, les boucles v1 et v2 ont une antigenicite plus restreinte mais semblent porter des epitopes conformationnels.
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Tajeddine, Radwan. "Mimas et Encelade : formation et structure interne par contraintes observationnelles des images iss de la sonde spatiale Cassini." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066231.
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L'origine et l'évolution des satellites de Saturne est depuis quelques années très débattue. Longtemps on a pensé qu'ils s'étaient formés dans la sous nébuleuse de Saturne il y a 4. 5 milliards d'années, avant que n'apparaisse récemment un autre modèle dans la communauté formant les satellites de petite et moyenne taille à partir des anneaux. Au même moment, un autre résultat concernant le facteur de dissipation Q dans Saturne était présenté impliquant une expansion rapide des lunes à l'exception de Mimas, pour lequel une accélération séculaire (plutôt qu'une décélération) semblait être observée. Ouvrant un nouveau débat sur la dynamique dans le système de Saturne. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé les images NAC ISS de Cassini pour contraindre, par l'astrométrie et la photogrammétrie, la structure interne et l'origine des satellites Mimas et Encelade. Dans la première partie nous avons effectué la réduction astrométrique des images de ces deux satellites. Un modèle décrivant le comportement de la caméra NAC de Cassini, ainsi qu'une méthode de mesure du centre de figure du satellite ont été développés. Au total, 1790 images de ces deux satellites ont été réduites avec une précision sur les positions observées de quelques kilomètres par comparaison aux éphémérides SAT317 et SAT351. Ces observations ont ensuite été utilisées pour mesurer un décalage du centre de masse du satellite par rapport à son centre de figure. Cette mesure a été faite en comparant les positions mesurées (du centre de figure) du satellite à celles calculées par les éphémérides (de centre de masse) SAT317 et SAT351. Les mesures montrent un décalage du centre de masse de Mimas dirigé dans l'axe orienté vers Saturne, révélant une dissymétrie éventuelle dans son intérieur. Toutefois aucun décalage n'a été observé dans Encelade, suggérant qu'une relaxation isostasique a eu lieu dans ce satellite. Une carte topographique de 260 points choisis à la surface de Mimas a été construite dans la deuxième partie. Une reconstruction photogrammétrique a été appliquée utilisant les équations de colinéarité pour calculer les positions 3-D des points de contrôle, avec une incertitude moyenne de l'ordre de 580 mètres. La forme triaxiale de Mimas a été construite en utilisant ces points, confirmant que ce satellite n'est pas en équilibre hydrostatique. Le réseau de points de contrôle a également été utilisé pour mesurer indirectement les amplitudes des librations physiques en longitudes de Mimas, confirmant ainsi les valeurs calculées théoriquement, à l'exception de celle dépendant de la structure interne du satellite qui a une amplitude double à ce qui était attendu théoriquement, impliquant une valeur de (B-A)/C = 0. 085. Une analyse plus approfondie montre que le noyau de Mimas se serait formé dans les anneaux près de la limite de Roche pour s'être éloigné ensuite tout en gardant jusqu'à nos jours sa forme initiale et causant donc la forte amplitude de libration observéeThe origin and the evolution of Saturn's satellite are being debated. For a long time, it has been thought that they were formed in Saturn's sub-nebula 4. 5 billion years ago, when another model has recently appeared, forming the small and mid sized moons in the rings. At the same moment, another result concerning Saturn's dissipation factor Q appeared implying a fast expansion of the moons, except for Mimas, which is having a secular acceleration, starting a new debate about the Saturn's system dynamics. In this work, we used Cassini ISS NAC images to constrain, by astometry and photogrammetry, the internal structure and the origin of the satellites Mimas and Enceladus. In a first part, we performed astrometric reduction of these two satellites. A model describing Cassini NAC's behaviour and a method for the satellite's centre of figure measurement were developed. A total number of 1790 images of Mimas and Enceladus were reduced obtaining position precision of few kilometres, compared to JPL ephemerides SAT317 and SAT351. These observations were then used to measure a shift in the satellite's centre of mass to its centre of figure. These measurements were done comparing the observed positions (as a centre of figure) to the computed ones (as a centre of mass) by SAT317 and SAT351 ephemerides. The measurements show a shift in Mimas' centre of mass in the Saturn facing axis direction, revealing a possible asymmetry in its interior. However, no shift has been observed in Enceladus, suggesting the presence of isostatic relaxation in the satellite. A topographic map of 260 surface chosen points has been built in the second part. A photogrammetric reconstruction method has been applied using colinearity equations to compute 3-D positions of control points, with a mean uncertainty of about 580 metres. A tri-axial shape of Mimas was built with these points, confirming that this satellite is not in the state of hydrostatic equilibrium. The control point network was also used to measure indirectly the amplitudes of the longitudinal physical librations of Mimas, confirming all the computed theoretical values, except the internal structure depending one, which almost doubles the theoretically predicted amplitude, resulting in a value of (B-A)/C = 0. 085. A further analysis shows that Mimas' core was formed in the rings near the Roche limit and moved away keeping its initial shape until today causing the observed strong libration amplitude
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Séguy, Nathalie. "Etude de la sensibilité de Pneumocystis carinii vis-à-vis d'une toxine de Pichia anomala et des anticorps anti-idiotypes mimant son action." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10151.
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Pneumocystis carinii est un microorganisme eucaryote responsable de pneumopathie (PPC) grave chez les patients atteints du sida ou d'autres états d'immunodépression. Cette PPC peut être fatale en absence de traitement. L'habitat du parasite est l'alvéole pulmonaire ou il s'attache étroitement aux pneumocytes de type I. Cet attachement jouerait un rôle clé dans le déclenchement et dans la physiopathologie de la PPC. A l'heure actuelle, les molécules connues qui inhibent cet attachement ne sont pas utilisables en thérapeutique. Une toxine killer synthétisée par la levure Pichia anomala possède des propriétés antimicrobiennes contre une large variété d'espèces pathogènes. Le but de cette étude est de montrer d'une part l'effet de cette toxine sur Pneumocystis carinii et d'autre part de produire des anticorps monoclonaux anti-idiotypes qui miment son activité. La toxine killer de P. Anomala s'avère capable d'interférer dans l'interaction entre Pneumocystis et les cellules cibles en inhibant son attachement in vitro. De plus, dans les deux modèles animaux utilisés dans ce travail (souris scid et le rat nude inoculés respectivement par voie nasale ou trachéale avec P. Carinii traité auparavant avec la toxine), une diminution de l'infectivité du parasite a été induite par la toxine. Toutefois, du fait de la toxicité, de l'immunogénicité de la toxine killer et de ses paramètres d'activité optimale (température de 25° C et Ph4,6), elle ne peut être utilisée directement comme agent thérapeutiqueC'est pourquoi, l'étape suivante de ce travail, a été de produire un anticorps monoclonal anti-idiotype qui possède les mêmes propriétés que la toxine, mais actif à 37° C et à Ph7,2. Un traitement local anti-P. Carinii par nébulisation d'anticorps monoclonal anti-idiotype chez des rats nude qui font une pneumocystose a donc été tenté. Les premiers résultats sont encourageants, puisqu'ils montrent que ce traitement inhibe le développement parasitaire et suggère que l'anticorps monoclonal anti-idiotype a une action directe contre le parasite et non pas simplement sur son attachement. La microscopie électronique à transmission a révélé la localisation des sites de fixation de la toxine sur le parasite qui se trouve dans la couche peu dense aux électrons de la paroi kystique. Des peptides recombinants mimant l'activité de la toxine killer de P. Anomala ont été produits. Des tests préliminaires in vitro, montrent que ces peptides agissent comme la toxine ou les anticorps monoclonaux. L'activité anti-pneumocystis de la toxine killer de P. Anomala et des anticorps anti-idiotypes mimant son action, indique que de nouvelles stratégies de prévention et thérapeutiques fondées sur le phénomène killer méritent d'être explorées. L'identification et la caractérisation des récepteurs transphylétiques pour ces molécules à large spectre antimicrobien sont des objectifs essentiels pour avancer dans ce programme
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Klindworth, Anna [Verfasser]. "RNA based research development, application and analysis within the MIMAS project / Anna Klindworth. Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035269147/34.
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Navickas, Albertas. "Cytoplasmic control of sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066381/document.
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Les récentes études transcriptomiques chez divers organismes ont montré que la transcription des gènes convergents peut produire des ARN messagers (ARNm) chevauchants. Ce phénomène a été analysé dans le contexte de l’interférence par ARN (ARNi) nucléaire, et peu d’information existe quant au destin cytoplasmique des messagers 3’ chevauchants ou leur impact sur l’expression des gènes. Dans ce travail, nous avons abordé les conséquences potentielles de l’interaction entre des paires d’ARNm sens-antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae, un organisme modèle naturellement dépourvu de l’ARNi. Nous avons démontré que les extrémités 3’ complémentaires des ARNm peuvent interagir dans le cytoplasme et moduler la stabilité ainsi que la traduction d’ARNm. Nos résultats sont issus d’une étude détaillée d’une paire d’ARNm convergents, POR1 et OCA2, ensuite généralisée par l’approche de l’ARNi reconstituée chez S. cerevisiae. L’analyse globale a confirmé que dans les cellules sauvages, les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens forment des duplexes d’ARN in vivo et ont un rôle potentiel à moduler l’expression d’ARNm ou de protéines respectifs, dans des différentes conditions de croissance. Nous avons montré que le destin de centaines des messagers convergents est contrôlé par Xrn1, révélant l’importance de cette exoribonucléase 5’-3’ cytoplasmique très conservée dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des gènes convergents. Notre travail ouvre donc la perspective de considérer un nouveau mécanisme de l’interaction entre les paires d’ARNm sens-antisens dans le cytoplasme, chez les organismes contenant ou non la voie de l’interférence par ARNRecent transcriptome analyses have revealed that convergent gene transcription can produce many 3’ overlapping mRNAs in diverse organisms. This phenomenon has been studied in the context of nuclear RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, however little is known about the cytoplasmic fate of 3’ overlapping messengers or their impact on gene expression. In this work, we address the outcomes of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism naturally devoid of RNAi. We demonstrate that the complementary tails of 3’ overlapping mRNAs can interact in the cytoplasm in a sequence-specific manner and promote post-transcriptional remodeling of mRNA stability and translation. Our findings are based on the detailed analysis of a convergent mRNA pair, POR1 and OCA2, subsequently generalized using the reconstituted RNAi approach in S. cerevisiae. Genome-wide experiments confirm that in wild-type cells, sense-antisense mRNA pairs form RNA duplexes in vivo and thus have potential roles in modulating the respective mRNA or protein levels under different growth conditions. We show that the fate of hundreds of messenger-interacting messengers is controlled by Xrn1, revealing the extent to which this conserved 5’-3’ cytoplasmic exoribonuclease plays an unexpected but key role in the post-transcriptional control of convergent gene expression. In sum, our work opens a perspective to consider an additional, cytoplasmic mechanism of interaction between sense-antisense mRNA pairs, in both RNAi-positive and negative organisms
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Jacotot, Etienne. "Etude de l'induction de l'effet cytopathogene du vih ; role de cd4, cd26, et mecanisme d'action de pseudopeptides mimant la boucle v3 de la gp120." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T024.
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Toka, Mualla Şataf Türk Ali. "Tarihi çevrelerin sürdürülebilirliği; Isparta Çayboyu örneği /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01211.pdf.
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Franco, Caroline Siqueira 1988. "Competência vetorial de Ornithodoros mimon KOHLS 1969 (Acari: Argasidae frente à infecção experimental em laboratório com cepa de Rickettsia rickettsii BRUMPT 1922." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314370.
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Orientador: Arício Xavier LinharesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) é uma doença infecciosa aguda transmitida através da picada de carrapatos infectados com Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. O carrapato Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) é um dos principais vetores no Brasil. Contudo, outras espécies de carrapatos podem ser vetores da doença e parasitar humanos. Neste estudo, procurou-se avaliar a competência vetorial de Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) em laboratório após ser infectado experimentalmente com a cepa Taiaçu de Rickettsia rickettsii, utilizando coelhos domésticos como modelo animal. Primeiramente, os carrapatos foram separados em grupos de acordo com seu estágio de desenvolvimento (larva, ninfa 2 e adulto). Na segunda etapa, dois coelhos foram utilizados como grupo tratamento, e foram inoculados com a Rickettsia, e um coelho foi usado como controle. Os carrapatos utilizados foram separados em lotes, de acordo com o coelho e dia em que foram alimentados. Na terceira etapa, novos coelhos sadios foram infestados com os carrapatos usados na segunda etapa, para verificar se houve transmissão. Carrapatos que tiveram contato com a bactéria foram macerados e inoculados em duas cobaias, e uma terceira cobaia foi infestada com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado. PCR com os primers gltA e ompA (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eucarioto) foi realizado, para avaliar se os carrapatos se tornaram infectados. Sequenciamento de amostras foram amplificadas com os primers ompA e 28S. Além da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), que foi realizada com o soro dos coelhos para verificar a presença de infecção. Os dois coelhos que foram inoculados com Rickettsia rickettsii apresentaram picos de febre. Um dos coelhos apresentou resultado positivo na RIFI e o outro morreu no décimo sexto dia após a inoculação. Os coelhos que foram infestados com carrapatos que foram alimentados em coelho infectado não apresentaram febre e nenhum outro sintoma da doença. As cobaias que foram inoculadas com carrapatos e a cobaia que foi infestada com carrapatos não demonstraram nenhum sintoma da doença. Das amostras amplificadas com o primer gltA apenas uma amostra foi positiva. A PCR das amostras de carrapatos usando o primer ompA não apresentou o resultado esperado, provavelmente devido a presença do DNA da bactéria Wolbachia sp. A sequência gerada, com amostras que foram amplificadas com o primer 28S, foi o DNA do carrapato. A PCR com o primer ftsZ não amplificou nenhum DNA. Portanto, conclui-se que O. mimon não se tornou infectado com a Rickettsia rickettsii, e não representa risco para a saúde pública
Abstract: The Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an acute infectious disease transmitted by the bite of ticks infected with Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt 1922. The tick Amblyomma cajennense Fabricius 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) is one of the main vectors in Brazil. However, other species of ticks can be vectors of this disease and parasitize humans. This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of Ornithodoros mimon Kohls 1969 (Acari: Argasidae) in the laboratory after being experimentally infected with the Taiaçu strain of Rickettsia rickettsii, using domestic rabbits as the animal models. Firstly, the ticks were separated into groups according to their developmental stage (larva, nymph 2 and adult). Secondly, two rabbits were used as treatment group, and were inoculated with the Rickettsia, and one rabbit was used as control. The ticks were separated into batches according to the rabbit and the day they were fed. New healthy rabbits were infested with the ticks used in the second experiment, to verify the occurrence of transmission. Ticks that had contact with the bacteria were macerated and inoculated into two guinea pigs, and a third guinea pig was infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits. PCR with gltA e ompA primers (R. rickettsii), ftsZ (Wolbachia sp.), 28S (eukaryotic) was performed, to assess if the ticks become infected. Sequencing of the samples was amplified with the primers ompA and 28S. In addition, the Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was performed with serum of rabbits to verify the presence of infection. The two rabbits that were inoculated with Rickettsia rickettsii presented peaks of fever. One rabbit presented a positive result in the IFA and the other died on the sixteenth day after inoculation. The rabbits that were infested with ticks that were fed on infected rabbits, showed no fever and no other symptoms of the disease. The guinea pigs that were inoculated with ticks and the guinea pig that was infested with ticks showed no symptoms of the disease. Of the samples only one of all samples amplified with the primer gltA was positive. The PCR samples of ticks using the primer ompA did not yield the expected result, probably due to the presence of the DNA of the bacteria Wolbachia sp. The sequence generated, with samples that were amplified with the primer 28S, it was the DNA of the tick. PCR performed with the primer ftsZ did not amplify any DNA. Therefore, we concluded that O. mimon did not become infected with R. rickettsii, and do not represent risk to public health
Mestrado
Relações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e Parasitologia
Mestra em Biologia Animal
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Alves, Rivanaldo Adriano Holanda. "Triagem fitoqu?mica e a??o antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato de Spondias MIMBIN L. frente ?s bact?rias staphylococcus aureus, a pseudomonas aeruginosa e a escherichia coli." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM SA?DE COLETIVA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23619.
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A utiliza??o de recursos naturais bot?nicos atrav?s da aplica??o da fitoterapia nos Programas de Aten??o B?sica, visando melhorar a assist?ncia ? sa?de, sobretudo em Odontologia, por meio da utiliza??o de uma tecnologia pr?tica e acess?vel a popula??o, com um custo reduzido, ? algo oportuno e inspirador. Assim sendo, demtre as esp?cies de plantas com propriedades medicinais, especialmente atividade antimicrobiana, o presente estudo se prop?s a estudar a Spondias mombin L., popularmente conhecida como caj?. Somando-se a isso o fato dos micro-organismos Staphylococcus aureus, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa e a Escherichia coli, serem citados na literatura como pat?genos oportunistas e de grande relev?ncia cl?nica para para o meio bucal. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a triagem fitoquimica do extrato retirado das folhas da Spondias mombin L. e avaliar, in vitro, sua a??o antimicrobiana frente ?s referidas bact?rias. A triagem fitoqu?mica dos extratos foi investigada por meio de rea??es qu?micas e pela t?cnica da cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Atrav?s das rea??es qu?micas foram detectados: compostos fen?licos, flavonoides, taninos e saponinas. J? o potencial do referido extrato frente a tais bact?rias foram testados atrav?s dos testes de Concentra??o Inibit?ria m?nima (CIM), Concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima de ader?ncia (CIMA) e cin?tica bactericida. Tendo nisto sido observado que o extrato S. mombin L. apresentou atividade sobre os microrganismos testados, apresentou efeito antiaderente sobre todas as bact?rias testadas, revelou que o extrato bruto foi not?vel j? nas primeiras duas horas de contato com as amostras testadas.
The use of Natural botanical resources through Phytotherapy in Basic Care Programs is able to improve the quality of healthcare in a inspiring and timely manner, especially in areas such as Dentistry, by providing low cost accessible technology to the patients. Thus, among the numerous species of plants with medicinal properties, especially antimicrobial activity, the present study proposed to study Spondias mombin L., popularly known as caj?. In addition to the fact that the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, are mentioned in the literature as opportunistic pathogens and of great clinical relevance for the oral environment.The goal of this study was to carry out the phytochemical screening of the extract from the leaves of Spondias mombin L. and to evaluate, in vitro, its antimicrobial action against such bacteria. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was investigated through chemical reactions and through the thin-layer chromatography (CCD) technique. The detected compounds were: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The potential of this extract against such bacteria were tested through the tests of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Inhibitory Adhesion Concentration (CIMA) and bactericidal kinetics. It was observed that the extract S. mombin L. showed activity on the tested microorganisms, and a non-sticky effect on all the bacteria tested. It also revealed that the crude extract was remarkable mature within the first two hours of contact with the samples tested.
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Gologlu, Sabiha. "Analyzing The Mimarlik Journal: A Study On Architecture In Turkey In The 1980s." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613764/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims to examine the transformations that took place in architectural theory and practice in Turkey in the 1980s, and the role of architectural publications in this context, by analyzing the framework that was drawn by the Mimarlik journal.
The analysis of Mimarlik is undertaken in relation to architectural developments in the world and in Turkey, and foreign and local counterparts of the journal. The shifting stances of the journal, as the publication of the Chamber of Architects of Turkey, are studied with reference to the distribution of theoretical and practical content included in it and its changing editors and committees.
Architects, buildings, architectural activities, and publications of the decade are scrutinized in order to evaluate the journal&lsquos approach towards architectural theory and practice. The thesis attempts to situate Mimarlik in the context of contemporary architectural developments of the 1980s. It argues the journal&lsquo
s role in
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Lamuà, Estañol Marc. "Ecquid iis videretur mimun vitae commode transegisse? El foro de Augusto en Roma: la creación de la simbología del poder y el culto imperial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77526.
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El Fòrum d’August de Roma va ser una gran plaça pública inaugurada l’any 2 a.C. que es va bastir al voltant del temple de Mart Venjador amb llargs pòrtics revestits de marbres i farcit de cicles icònics escultòrics que resumien la història mítica de la fundació de Roma, els fets dels seus grans homes i la història de la casa d’August, el PaterPatriae.
Ens hem centrat en la relació dels diferents espais arquitectònics amb la seva decoració, proposant una lectura dels seus diversos conjunts iconogràfics gràcies al establiment de vincles visuals i simbòlics entre els diferents elements icònics. Aquesta tasca ens ha permès revelar la complexa trama de relacions que s’establiren entre les escultures i relleus que formaven el programa iconogràfic del fòrum.The Forum of Augustus in Rome was a great public square opened in 2 BC built around the Avenger Mars temple with long marble porticoes and filled with sculpture series that resumed all the history of Rome from its very foundation, the deeds of all its great men and of the house of Augustus, Pater Patriae. We focused on the relationship of the different architectural spaces with the decoration, offering a reading of the multiple iconographic sets using the symbolic and visual links between the iconic elements. This work has allowed us to reveal the complex web of relationships between the sculptures and reliefs that were the iconographic program of the forum.
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Ridderlind, Inger. "Elevperspektiv på bedömning för lärande." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94068.
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Denna studie handlar om bedömning för lärande. Studien utgår från elevernas perspektiv och hur de uppfattar en formativ kontext där de under sin högstadietid har arbetat med målstyrning och värderingsscheman, elevbok, elevmedverkan i bedömningsprocessen och olika typer av reflekterande frågor. Verktygen i klassrummet har utformats av PRIM-gruppen och lärarna från MiMa-projektet, Min egen Matematik, en undervisningskontext med tydliga inslag av formativ bedömning. Elevernas uppfattningar sätts också i relation till visade prestationer. Jag har intervjuat tolv elever och för att analysera elevernas prestationer har elevarbeten och resultat från ämnesprovet i årskurs 9 samlats in samt resultat från ämnesprovet årskurs 5, betyg från årskurs 9 och gymnasieskolans kurs A. De analysverktyg som har använts är ett teoretiskt ramverk för formativ bedömning som kompletterats med en modell för självreglerat lärande. Tydliga mål och värderingsscheman, elevbok och vilka uppgifter som arbetet ska inriktas på uppfattas av samtliga elever som betydelsefulla. Kamraternas betydelse, klassrumsdiskussioner och innebörden av kvalitativ nivå uppfattas olika av eleverna. Den formativa kontexten har uppfattats som gynnsam för i stort sett samtliga intervjuade elever. Vid intervjuerna framträder olika elevprofiler, där eleverna uttrycker mer eller mindre av självreglerande processer. Det finns samband mellan de elever som uttrycker hög grad av självreglering och visar höga prestationer på ämnesprovet i årskurs 9. Studien visar att arbete i formativt syfte är långsamma processer, men ger möjlighet för förbättrade prestationer. Resultaten visar också på möjligheter för utveckling där återkoppling mot den egna lärandeprocessen är central.The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how students perceive assessment for learning. The students have been working in a formative assessment practice with self-assessment, learning goals and intensions, apply criteria by assessing their work, use write to learn and reflective questions to activate them as owner of their own learning. The students’ teachers have been participating in a project called MiMa with focus on formative assessment. The data is generated by individual interviews with 12 students grade 9 (aged 15 – 16) during their last days of secondary school. The aim is also to search for connections between students’ perceptions and their performance. The data collected are tasks and solutions from the national test grade 9, the result from the national test grade 5, the grading from last year secondary and first year of upper secondary school. The analysis is based on Black and Wiliam’s theory of formative assessment and models of self-regulated learning. The findings indicate that all students perceive the learning goals, write to learn and impact on classroom work as meaningful for learning. The students perceived the classroom discussions, the peers and the criteria for success in different ways. The perception of formative assessment is prosperous for almost all pupils. The students express more or less of self-regulated processes. There is a connection between self-regulated learners and high performance. The research shows that work with formative assessment takes time but empowers learning. The findings open up for potentials where students generate feedback to themselves.
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Kattani, Narimane Al. "Effet de la combinaison de l'hypertension et de l'infarctus du myocarde sur la physiopathologie du choc septique : mise au point d'un modèle animal expérimental mimant le phénotype des patients septiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0176.
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Le choc septique est une pathologie fréquente associée à un taux de mortalité dépassant les 50%. Il s’agit de la première cause de mortalité en réanimation. Malgré les avancées des connaissances physiopathologiques sur le sepsis, le taux de mortalité reste très élevé. La majorité des recherches pré-cliniques sont réalisées sur des animaux jeunes et sains et sans antécédents cardiovasculaires, alors qu’il est bien établi que l’incidence et le taux de mortalité du sepsis augmente sévèrement avec l’âge. L’objectif de cette étude est la mise au point d’un modèle animal de sepsis ayant plusieurs antécédents cardiovasculaires, et l’évaluation des effets de la combinaison de deux maladies (hypertension et infarctus du myocarde (IDM)) chez des rats septiques sur la fonction cardiovasculaire et sur les voies de signalisation responsables de la réponse inflammatoire et apoptotique. L’étude a été réalisée sur des rats normotendus Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) et des rats Hypertendus Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) qui ont subi l’induction d’un IDM par ligature de l’artère coronaire gauche suivie ou non par l’induction d’un sepsis par ligature et perforation du caecum. Nous avons montré que les rats polypathologiques SHR, ayant subi un IDM préalable au choc septique, présentent une diminution drastique des paramètres cardiaques et hémodynamiques par rapport aux rats WKY ayant subi seulement un choc septique. En effet, le débit cardiaque, la pression artérielle moyenne et la fraction d’éjection sont diminuées respectivement de 70 %, 60 % et 67 % chez les rats SHR polypathologiques par rapport aux rats WKY ayant seulement un sepsis. On a observé également une hypo-réactivité vasculaire aux vasopresseurs plus importante chez les rats SHR-IDM-CLP comparée à celle des rats WKY-CLP. L’expression génique des récepteurs adrénergiques alpha-1 est fortement diminuée chez les rats SHR-IDM-CLP par rapport aux rats WKY-CLP. L’étude du taux d’expression des protéines impliquées dans l’apoptose révèle une surexpression des protéines caspase 3, caspase 8 et Pp38 chez les rats SHR polypathologiques des rats SHR-IDM-CLP par rapport aux rats WKY-CLP ayant seulement un sepsis. De plus, on remarque une forte diminution de l’expression des protéines eNOS et Akt chez les rats SHR-IDM-CLP comparés aux rats WKY-CLP. L’hypertension artérielle associée à l’insuffisance cardiaque a conduit à une plus grande sensibilité des rats au sepsis. Les rats SHR polypathologiques ont développé une insuffisance cardiaque aggravée par rapport aux rats WKY ayant seulement un sepsis. Le modèle de rats SHR ayant subi un IDM préalable au sepsis se rapproche d’avantage des situations cliniques observées quotidiennement dans les services de réanimation. Ce modèle pourrait servir de bon candidat pour les études pré-cliniquesSeptic shock is considered as the most common cause of death among patients admitted in medical intensive care units. Mortality remains very high (50%) despite advances in physiopathological knowledge of this disease. In fact, most experimental studies are often conducted on young and healthy animals, whereas it is well established that the incidence and mortality rates dramatically increase with age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of two diseases (hypertension and myocardial infarction) in a septic rat model, on cardiovascular function, cell survival and the inflammatory response. Therefore, we used normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) in which myocardial infarction was induced by left coronary descending artery ligation, followed or not by cecal ligation and perforation-induced sepsis. Our results showed that the polypathological SHR rats in which a myocardial infarction and sepsis were induced, exhibited a significant decrease in cardiac and hemodynamic parameters compared to WKY rats that have sepsis (CLP) only. Indeed, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and ejection fraction were reduced by 70%, 60% and 67% respectively in the polypathological SHR rats versus the WKY rats with sepsis. We observed also that the vascular hyporeactivity in the polypathological SHR rats was higher than for the WKY CLP rats. A mesure of gene expression level of alpha1 adrenergic receptor shows a relatively low expression level in the rats from SHR IDM CLP rats compared to WKY CLP that could explain the observed vasodilation. The protein level of caspase3 and 8, Pp38 and proteins involved in apoptosis, is upregulated in SHR IDM CLP rats compared to WKY CLP rats. However, the polypathological SHR rats show a significant decrease in the expression of eNOS and Akt protein compared to WKY CLP rats. The combination of hypertension with myocardial infarct is associated with higher sensitivity of the rats to sepsis. The polypathological SHR rats developed a severe heart failure compared to WKY rats having sepsis only. Our animal model, the polypathological SHR rats is very close to observed clinical situations in intensive care units. This model could serve as a good candidate for pre-clinical studies
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Dias, Juliana Vieira. "Effet d’un peptide mimant le domaine N-terminal de la thrombospondine-1 sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des progéniteurs endothéliaux in vitro et in vivo : proposition d’un produit de thérapie cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les progéniteurs endothéliaux circulants (EPC) sont recrutées par des sites de néovascularisation active chez l’adulte et contribuent à la réparation endothéliale et à la biologie vasculaire, dans un processus appelé vasculogenèse post-natale. Ainsi, les EPC représentent une source importante pour la thérapie de néovascularisation dans la maladie artérielle périphérique, l’ischémie du myocarde et l’accident vasculaire cérébral. Considérant que les EPC potentiellement fonctionnels sont limités dans la circulation périphérique, plusieurs molécules pro-angiogènes ont été étudiées comme agents pharmacologiques dans le but d'améliorer le recrutement des progéniteurs dans la moelle osseuse vers la circulation et la capacité d'adhérence à l'endothélium afin d’obtenir une transplantation plus efficace. La thrombospondine-1 (TSP-1) est une glycoprotéine sécrétée lors de situations ischémiques qui joue un double rôle : elle est capable d’inhiber et de stimuler l'angiogenèse. Cette double activité biologique est attribuée aux interactions de ses multiples fragments avec différents récepteurs de la surface cellulaire ainsi qu’avec des molécules solubles ou protéines ancrées à la matrice extracellulaire. L'effet pro-angiogène de la TSP-1 est assigné au domaine N-terminal qui a une forte affinité à l'héparine et aux protéoglycanes. Les recherches antérieures de notre laboratoire ont indiqué deux séquences peptidiques situées dans le domaine N-terminal de la TSP-1 (TSP-HepI, acides aminés 17-35 et TSP-HepII, acides aminés 78-94), capables d'induire la différenciation des cellules endothéliales matures (HUVEC) dans les structures vasculaires in vitro en interagissant avec le syndécanne-4, un protéoglycane héparin-sulfate membranaire impliqué dans l'adhésion focale. L’objectif de ce travail était d'étudier le potentiel de la TSP-1 comme molécule stratégique pour promouvoir une augmentation de la néovascularisation dans les tissus ischémiés, induite par des EPC en essais in vitro et in vivo. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que les EPC du sang périphérique, isolées et accrues avec un milieu de culture modifié dans notre laboratoire (EGM-2/ENR), présentaient les caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des cellules formant des colonies endothéliales (ECFC) avec un haut potentiel prolifératif. Par ailleurs, ces progéniteurs endothéliaux nommées PB-ECFC ont sécrèté trois fois plus la quantité de fibronectine que les HUVEC et ont montré un réarrangement des filaments d'actine compatible avec un phénotype migratoire. Ensuite, nous avons démontré que les peptides TSP-HepI et TSP-HepII stimulaient les étapes-clés de l'angiogenèse in vitro (le chimiotactisme, l'adhésion cellulaire et la différenciation en structures capillary-like), induites par des PB-ECFC et des ECFC isolées du sang de cordon ombilical. En plus de cela, le TSP-HepI potentialise la néovascularisation in vivo induit par le FGF-2 dans les essais de matrigel plug chez la souris. Le pré-conditionnement ex vivo d’ECFC isolées du sang de cordon ombilical avec la TSP-HepI a stimulé leur migration, l'augmentation de l'expression de l'intégrine-α6 et a augmenté leur adhésion à l'endothélium activé sous condition physiologique de flux. Ce dernier effet semble être influé par le syndécanne-4, on constate que l'adhésion des ECFC est considérablement réduite en présence d’un anticorps anti-syndécan-4. La migration et la tubulogénèse ont été réduites en utilisant un peptide TSP-HepI modifié dans les sites de liaison à l’héparine (S/TSP-HepI), ou lorsque HSPG a subi une dégradation enzymatique. Ces résultats suggèrent ainsi que le domaine N-terminal de la TSP-1 pourrait être utilisé comme molécule pharmacologique pour augmenter le potentiel biologique des ECFC dans la thérapie cellulaire de néovascularisationPas de résumé anglais
As células progenitoras endotreliais (EPCs) são recrutadas para sítios de ativa neovascularização no adulto contribuindo para a biologia vascular e o reparo endotelial, processo denominado vasculogêsene pós-natal. Dessa forma, as EPCs representam uma importante fonte de terapia de neovascularização para a doença arterial periférica, a isquemia do miocárdio e o acidente vascular cerebral. Considerando que as EPCs potencialmente funcionais são limitadas na circulação, diversas moléculas pró-angiogênicas tem sido estudadas como agentes farmacológicos com o objetivo de melhorar o recrutamento das células progenitoras da medula óssea para a circulação, a capacidade de retenção no endotélio e portanto a eficiência do transplante. A trombospondina-1 (TSP-1) é uma glicoproteína secretada em situações isquêmicas que exerce um papel de destaque, sendo capaz tanto de inibir quanto de estimular a angiogênese. A dupla atividade biológica da TSP-1 é atribuída às interações de seus domínios com diferentes receptores de superfície celular assim como à proteínas solúveis ou ancoradas à matriz extracelular. O efeito pró-angiogênico da TSP-1 é atribuído ao domínio N-terminal que possui alta afinidade à heparina e a proteoglicanos. Dados obtidos em nosso laboratório apontaram duas sequências peptídicas localizadas dentro do domínio N-terminal da TSP-1 (TSP-HepI, aminoácidos 17-35 e TSP-HepII, aminoácidos 78-94), capazes de induzir a diferenciação de células endoteliais maduras (HUVECs) em estruturas vasculares in vitro, interagindo o sindecan-4, um proteoglicano de heparan sulfato membranar, envolvido na adesão focal. Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho foi investigar o potencial da TSP-1 como molécula estratégica para promover o aumento da neovascularização nos tecidos isquêmicos induzida por EPCs em ensaios in vitro e in vivo. Nós demonstramos inicialmente que as EPCs do sangue períférico isoladas e expandidas com o meio de cultura produzido no nosso laboratório, EGM-2/ENR, exibem caracaterísticas fenotípicas e funcionais de células endoteliais formadoras de colônias ou ECFCs e alto potencial proliferativo. Além disso, esses progenitores que vamos denominar PB-ECFCs, secretam 3 vezes mais fibronectina que as HUVECs e possuem um rearranjo do filamentos de actina compatível com o fenótipo migratório. Nós demonstramos em seguida que os peptídeos TSP-HepI e TSP-HepII, estimulam etapas-chave da angiogênese in vitro (quimiotaxia, adesão estática e diferenciação em estruturas tipo-capilares) induzida por PB-ECFCs e ECFCs isoladas do sangue de cordão umbilical. Além disso TSP-HepI potencializou a neovascularização in vivo, induzida pelo FGF-2 no ensaio de matrigel plug em camundongos. O pré-condicionamento ex vivo das ECFCs isoladas do sangue de cordão umbilical com TSP-HepI estimulou a migração, aumentou a expressão da integrina-α6 e aumentoua adesão ao endotélio ativado em condições fisiológicas de fluxo. Este último efeito foi mediado pelo sindecan-4, visto que a adesão foi inibida pelo anticorpo anti-sindecan-4. Além disso a migração e a tubulogênese foram efeitos reduzidos pelo uso do TSP-HepI modificado no sítio de ligação à heparina (S/TSP-HepI), ou quando o HSPG foram removidos enzimaticamente, respectivamente. Esses achados reunidos sugerem que o domínio N-terminal da TSP-1 poderia ser aplicado como uma molécula farmacológica para aumentar o potencial biológico das ECFCs na terapia celular de neovascularização