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Zeng, X., X. Leng, K. Wei, W. M. Tang, C. H. Tang, K. Tunceli, J. Aggarwal, et al. "FRI0428 RESULTS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS INADEQUATE PAIN RELIEF IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE AND/OR HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS IN CHINA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 812.1–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5813.
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Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly due to the primary symptom of pain in the weight-bearing joints. There is limited data that characterizes patients who experience moderate to severe pain despite analgesic treatment in China.Objectives:This study estimates the real-world prevalence of inadequate pain relief (IPR) among patients with knee and/or hip OA who have been prescribed analgesic therapy and characterizes this patient population. The study was conducted in China, the Philippines, Thailand, Russia, and Mexico. This abstract presents results from China.Methods:This is a multinational, multi-site, cross-sectional, observational study. Physicians managing patients with OA were recruited and asked to enroll patients over 50 years of age with knee and/or hip OA who had been prescribed topical and/or oral pain medication for at least 30 days prior to study visit. Patients completed a one-time assessment of pain, function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using patient reported outcome (PRO) instruments. Physicians abstracted data from patient charts. IPR was defined as an average pain score of >4/10 on Brief Pain Inventory Question #5 (average pain). Statistical tests including chi-square for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test for continuous variables were conducted to assess differences in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as PROs between patients with and without IPR. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between IPR and PROs.Results:571 patients treated at 10 hospital centers in China were enrolled. 73% were female, the mean (SD) age was 62 (8.32) years. The number of years with OA ranged from less than one year to over 37 years, suggesting a broad sample of patients. Most patients were impacted by knee OA only (90%). Almost half (43%) of the study population met the definition of IPR. Patients with IPR tended to be older, have greater prevalence of obesity, have more comorbidities, and had longer disease duration. The majority (98%) of patients were receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), followed by chondroprotective medications (23%). However, more patients with IPR mentioned being dissatisfied with treatment (38% vs. 21%). After adjusting for covariates, patients with IPR reported worse HRQOL, more functional limitations, and reduced work productivity compared to patients without IPR.Conclusion:IPR is highly prevalent among individuals with knee and/or hip OA in China and is associated with decreased HRQOL and work productivity, impaired function, and treatment dissatisfaction. Developing awareness among healthcare professionals about the presence and potential impact of IPR is important for the ultimate improvement of OA patient management.PROmean (SE)No IPR(N=328)IPR(N=243)EQ-5D Index0.72 (0.01)0.49 (0.02)EQ-5D VAS72.3 (0.85)65.5 (1.00)WOMAC Pain Subscale13.1 (0.78)22.7 (1.52)WOMAC Stiffness Subscale4.2 (0.27)7.4(0.51)WOMAC Physical Function Subscale44.8 (2.61)76.9 (5.07)Work Productivity Loss30.0 (4.07)47.5 (10.46)Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, year since OA diagnosis/follow-up, gender, BMI, number of medication classes, insurance, physician specialty/academic responsibilities, number of affected joints, diabetes, CVD, hyperlipidemia/hypertension, and depression. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except work productivity loss (p=0.11)Disclosure of Interests:Xiaofeng Zeng Consultant of: MSD Pharmaceuticals, Xiaomei Leng Consultant of: MSD Pharmaceuticals, Knightley Wei Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Wen Min Tang Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Cai Hua Tang Employee of: Employed by MSD Pharmaceuticals (China), Kaan Tunceli Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Jyoti Aggarwal Consultant of: Merck & Co., Inc., Dena Ramey Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Fidel Lozano Employee of: Merck & Co. salaried employee, Ishita Doshi Shareholder of: Holds company stock at Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Employee of: Employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Cynthia Macahilig Consultant of: Consultant to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Shardul Odak Consultant of: Consultant to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kelly Johnson Employee of: Employed by Merck & Co., Inc.
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Hillenbrand, Margaret. "Remaking Tank Man, in China." Journal of Visual Culture 16, no. 2 (August 2017): 127–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412917703154.
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Tank Man, the image of the lone protestor who faced down the tanks near Tian’anmen Square in 1989, leads a vibrant afterlife in political cartoons, memes, and YouTube remixes. In an era when staying memorable increasingly means being searchable online, these digital remakes have helped to keep his image fresh – outside China anyway. In China itself, though, Tank Man is a famously verboten image, mostly policed out of online sight. The digital artists who have repurposed his image are typically so harried by the censors that their work cannot hope to endow Tank Man with mass viral visibility, let alone the iconic status he possesses abroad. But precisely because of their fugitive character – which produces audiences who are alert, amused, and on the qui vive – these repurposings ensure that Tank Man remains the grit in the clam of public secrecy about 1989.
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Gu, Xiaokun, Lufa Zhang, Siyuan Tao, and Boming Xie. "Spatial Accessibility to Healthcare Services in Metropolitan Suburbs: The Case of Qingpu, Shanghai." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020225.
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Spatial accessibility is an important factor for planning healthcare services to maintain a quality life for the metropolitan area. The metropolitan suburb is a special area for its location and rapidly changing population during urbanization. Taking Qingpu district, a suburb of Shanghai as a case, this study evaluated the spatial accessibility to healthcare services of 203 villages and neighborhoods based on the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method by ArcGIS software. The result shows that the spatial accessibility in the whole district is quite uneven under lower thresholds, and the spatial differences are beyond the traditional zoning of East Qingpu, New City and West Qingpu. The worst accessibility was mainly distributed at the edges of Jinze, Liantang and Zhujiajiao, while the best accessibility was mainly distributed in the New City and the region close around it. The average value of the spatial accessibility in Qingpu is 2.84, with a reach equal under 90 min threshold by bus index of 2.85, or an under 60 min threshold by self-driving index of 2.70. Secondly, the difference shows a new pattern, that is the spatial accessibility could be affected by both the New City and the Central City. Thirdly, the transportation mode, urbanization, the density of road network and bus lines, as well as the number of doctors in each healthcare service would directly affect the spatial accessibility. Lastly, in order to improve the spatial accessibility in metropolitan suburbs, greater effort is needed in increasing the numbers of bus stations and doctors, especially the areas which are farthest from the New City or the Central City, such as Jinze, and Lian Tang town in Qingpu. We acknowledge that the public transportation is vital to the accessibility to healthcare services. We also emphasize that healthcare services should be planned based on the anticipated future trends of population agglomeration. Our results for Shanghai are applicable to other big cities that are experiencing similar rapid urbanization in China, or other developing countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, South America and Africa.
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Liu, Yu, Li Wang, and Pei Liu. "On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Design Elements of Chinese-Style Clothing in China." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.195.
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This paper analyzes the use of Design Elements of Chinese-style Clothing Brand with SWOT analysis in four aspects: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Four brands were selected as Case Study: SHIATZY CHEN, SHANGHAI TANG, TANGY and JINZHIYUYE. The SWOT analysis shows that four main points should be concentrated on. Firstly, constructing a stable market is important. Existing market should be consolidated and potential market need expanding. Secondly, paying attention to design and technology is crucial. We should carry forward traditional elements and also use western draping. Thirdly, seeking balance between market and design is valued. The most valuable design followes the law of market segmentation. Finally, creating unique brand culture that embodies Chinese traditional design philosophy and aesthetics is imperative.
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Mamatova, Mahfuza Bahriddinovna. "THE TEA ROAD: FROM CHINA TO UZBEKISTAN (7-15TH CENTURIES)." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 4913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1710.
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Five thousand years ago, the first tea was made in China. Only from the beginning of the Middle Ages people of neighboring countries of China recognized tea and until the Tang Dynasty, tea drinking was not widespread. Beginning of the 7th century tea brought Central Asia with the Tea Road. From this period he stretched from China to India. At the centre of this path was Central Asia, the ancient cities of Uzbekistan namely after Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent and the Ferghana Valley. It was the northeastern Tea Road that connected China with Central Asia and was much more ancient than other directions of this route.
In the 7-15th centuries The Tea Road developed in different historical periods. During the Tang Dynasty in China, Sogdian merchants brought tea to Central Asia. During the Song Dynasty, it was traded by Central Asian merchants and opened their tea shops in China. The Samanid rulers were the patrons of the tea trade. Under the Ming and Timuridsempire, an intensive ambassadorial-diplomatic relationship between China and Central Asia was strengthened. During this period, among the various goods, the main article of Chinese exports was tea, which was exchanged for thoroughbred horses brought from Central Asia.
Since the time of the Tang Dynasty, bilateral trade has been established with Central Asia, and as part of the Tea Road, there were several main and a number of experimental routes along which tea went to Central Asia. In these paths, there were customs points - cities that played an important role in China's trade and economic ties with Central Asia.
Today, tea is considered a favourite drink of the peoples of Central Asia, including Uzbekistan. Green tea is imported to Uzbekistan from China and it has become a national drink for the people of Uzbekistan.
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Tian. "The Cultural Politics of Old Things in Mid-Tang China." Journal of the American Oriental Society 140, no. 2 (2020): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7817/jameroriesoci.140.2.0317.
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Poceski, Mario. "Lay Models of Engagement with Chan Teachings and Practices among the Literati in Mid-Tang China." Journal of Chinese Religions 35, no. 1 (June 2007): 63–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/073776907803501179.
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Verschuer, Charlotte von. "Ambassadors from the Islands of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period (review)." Monumenta Nipponica 61, no. 2 (2006): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mni.2006.0024.
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Liu, Ya Yun, Zhi Hong Li, Xiao Jian Liang, Yan Peng Lin, Rong Hao Wu, and Guang Ping Ye. "Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.755.
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Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.
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Pankenier, David W. "Parallel Planetary Astrologies in Medieval China and Inner Asia." International Journal of Divination and Prognostication 1, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 157–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25899201-12340008.
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Abstract Portentous clusters of the five visible planets are repeatedly implicated in historical sources in connection with dynastic transitions in early China. In the medieval period, which is the focus of this investigation, the History of the Three Kingdoms records how timely planetary portents during the decline of the Later Han dynasty (184–220 CE) were exploited as the celestial signs justifying usurpation and the founding of the (Cao-)Wei 曹魏 dynasty by Cao Pi 曹丕 (ca. 187–226). Half a millennium later, in mid-Tang 唐 dynasty, the impetus for the devastating rebellion of An Lushan 安祿山 (703–757) that nearly brought down the Tang can likewise be shown to have been strongly influenced by the historical precedents, and more immediately by a conjunction of all five visible planets that occurred in 750. That ominous astral omen, coupled with portentological speculations based on Han dynasty apocryphal texts, together with the parallels between An Lushan’s and Cao Cao’s 曹操 (155–220) careers, played a role in prompting An Lushan to attempt to overthrow the Tang. In Inner Asia, the founding of the Sasanian Empire in 224 CE in parallel with the Cao-Wei, and the emergence of a political astrology based on the periodicity of Jupiter-Saturn conjunctions suggested the possibility of mutual influences in planetary astrology. However, incompatibility between the two astrological traditions may have militated against mutual influence on a theoretical level. In the absence of detailed information concerning the foundations of Sasanian planetary astrology, to all appearances, and notwithstanding extensive cultural contact, the imperial political astrologies of China and Inner Asia in the medieval period remained resistant to infiltration in either direction.
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Chen, Jo-shui, and Anthony DeBlasi. "Reform in the Balance: The Defense of Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China." Journal of the American Oriental Society 123, no. 3 (July 2003): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3217774.
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Feng, Linda Rui. "Spatial Imaginaries in Mid-Tang China: Geography, Cartography and Literature., by Ao Wang.Amherst." Imago Mundi 71, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085694.2019.1607089.
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Waley-Cohen, Joanna. "Commemorating War in Eighteenth-Century China." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 4 (October 1996): 869–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016826.
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Reviewing his long reign in 1792, the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736–1795) hailed his military triumphs as one of its central accomplishments. To underscore the importance he ascribed to these successes, he began to style himself ‘Old Man of the Ten Complete Victories’ (Shi Quan Lao Ren), after an essay in which he boldly declared he had surpassed, in ‘Ten Complete Military Victories’ (Shi Quan Wu Gong), the far-reaching westward expansions of the great Han (206 BCE–220 CE) and Tang (618–907) empires. Such an assertion, together with the program of commemoration discussed below, served to justify the immense expense incurred by frequent long-distance campaigning; to elevate all these wars to an unimpeachable level of splendor even though some were distinctly less glorious than others; and to align the Manchu Qing dynasty (16–191 i) with two of the greatest native dynasties of Chinese history and the Qianlong Emperor personally with some of the great figures of the past.
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Lin, L., W. Yang, E. Chen, Z. Gong, Q. Z. Luo, X. B. Wei, and P. Yu. "MIC gene polymorphism and haplotype diversity in Li nationality of Southern China." Tissue Antigens 85, no. 1 (December 2, 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tan.12449.
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Bozsó, Miklós, Chang-Ti Tang, Zsolt Pénzes, Man-Miao Yang, Péter Bihari, Juli Pujade-Villar, Szabina Schwéger, and George Melika. "A new genus of cynipid inquiline, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozsó (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), with description of four new species from Taiwan and China." Insect Systematics & Evolution 46, no. 1 (January 24, 2015): 79–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-45032116.
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The cynipid inquilines genus Saphonecrus is known to be a polyphyletic group with distinct lineages. One lineage is associated with Synophrus in the Western Palaearctic on section Cerris oaks. Another involves the type species of Saphonecrus, S. connatus, and represents a distinct and probably early-diverging lineage with a Palaearctic distribution on white oaks. The third main lineage is predominantly Asian, and associated with Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis and Quercus section Cerris and the oak-related Fagaceae including Lithocarpus. This third lineage shows large diversity, and includes the genus Ufo, the European lineage of S. undulatus and S. haimi, and the herein described new genus, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozsó, known from Taiwan and China, with four new species: L. formosanus Melika & Tang, L. dakengi Tang & Pujade-Villar, L. huisuni Tang, Bozsó & Melika and L. yunnani Tang, Bozsó & Melika. All the four described species are associated only with Lithocarpus. Descriptions, diagnoses, biology, and host associations for the new genus and species are given, as well as a key to species and cynipid inquilines genera. All taxa are supported by morphological and molecular data.
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Dong, Mengyu, Haibin Zhou, Xiaomei Jiang, Yun Lu, Weibin Wang, and Yafang Yin. "Wood used in ancient timber architecture in Shanxi Province, China." IAWA Journal 38, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170167.
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We examined fifty main structural components from fifteen historical wood buildings located in the northern, central, southern and south-eastern regions of Shanxi Province, China and dating from the Tang to the Qing Dynasty. Eleven timber-tree genera were identified: Cupressus, Larix, Malus, Picea, Pinus subg. Diploxylon, Populus, Quercus, Sophora, Sorbus, Ulmus and Zizyphus. Furthermore, wood specimens of Larix and Pinus subg. Diploxylon were determined to species level, viz. Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis, according to their original geographical distribution in this region. Natural distribution of the wood species was apparently the leading criterion for timber selection since most identified genera are native to the areas surrounding the buildings investigated.
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Sokolova, Anna. "Master Shanghong (738?-815 CE) and the Formation of Regional Vinaya Traditions in Tang Buddhism." T’oung Pao 105, no. 3-4 (November 8, 2019): 315–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10534p03.
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AbstractAfter the An Lushan Rebellion in 755, southern China witnessed the rise of the Vinaya movement. Essential sources on the local southern Vinaya communities include writings by scholar–officials who held posts in the southern prefectures. This paper focuses on two stele inscriptions for the Vinaya Master Shanghong 上宏 (738?-815) composed by the literatus Bai Juyi 白居易 (772-846) and Liu Ke 劉軻 (?-?) during their journeys to Jiangxi. These inscriptions enable us to identify Shanghong as one of the foremost Vinaya authorities in Jiangxi, to trace the dynamics and course of the development of ordination centers there, and to witness the shaping of a local Vinaya community there as part of a larger development of the Vinaya tradition in southern China during the mid-Tang period.
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Lung, Rachel. "Interpreters and the Writing of History in China." Meta 54, no. 2 (July 16, 2009): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037676ar.
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Abstract This article argues that interpreters are crucial figures in the recording of history. Evidence taken from historical texts in ancient China is used to verify the claim that interpreters’ notes might have been used as a reference in composing historical records. By documenting the Tang dynasty (AD 618-907) policy to have interpreters interview foreign envoys and submit the relevant accounts to the Bureau of Historiography, this article provides background for the link between interpreters’ interview notes and history compilation in China. Evidence is further drawn from the history of the Sui dynasty (AD 581-618), whereby an interpreter’s mediated account of the emperor’s conversation with a Japanese envoy was directly adapted. Most interestingly, pictorial and written documents of foreign peoples made in the mid-6th century during the Liang dynasty (AD 502-557) were found to be very similar to the written accounts about these foreign peoples in Liangshu, the history of the Liang dynasty, completed in the early 7th century. Apparently, there is a solid link between the interview accounts and historical accounts about foreign peoples in China. Thus, there is a strong possibility that interpreters’ notes, in the form of reports, provide important, if not primary, sources for history compilation in China.
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Li, Y., and R. Zhang. "MONITORING OF DEFORMATION OF THE FOGUANG TEMPLE’S EAST MAIN HALL UNDER THE CONCEPT OF PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 23, 2019): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-675-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The East Main Hall of Foguang Temple is an immensely precious Tang Dynasty wooden building in China. Therefore, great caution must be exercised in the timely restoration and disease prevention of the heritage building. High-precision monitoring is carried out for timely detection of abnormalities and analysis of causes, so that reasonable measures are adopted to reduce or eliminate the risks faced by the hall in a timely manner and achieve preventive protection. Based on the description and purpose of preventive protection, this paper introduces in detail the technical route of monitoring of the East Main Hall and the analysis results of some monitoring data under the concept of preventive protection.</p>
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Jay, Jennifer W. "One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China by Anna M. Shields." China Review International 21, no. 3 (2014): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2014.0033.
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Wei, Zhudeng, Xiuqi Fang, Yun Su, Beibei Li, Xueqiong Wei, and Jun Yin. "Comparison of climatic impacts transmission from temperature to grain harvests and economies between the Han (206 BC–AD 220) and Tang (AD 618–907) dynasties." Holocene 28, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618782592.
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The present study aims to compare quantitatively the similarities and differences of transmission processes extending from climate change to grain harvests and economies (macro-economy and fiscal balance) between the Han (206 BC–AD 220) and Tang (AD 618–907) dynasties of China. It is found that both the Han and Tang periods displayed close positive correlations among temperature, grain harvest, macro-economy and fiscal balance and conveyed a positive feedback–oriented transmission pattern with the upgrade of climatic impact level from grain harvest to economic system. Compared with the Han period, the overall linkages among indicators weakened during the Tang period, particularly for the correlation between grain harvest and fiscal balance. The mean temperature during the Tang period was slightly higher but had greater multidecadal variability, coinciding with better performance (and less variations) of macro-economy and fiscal balance (particularly for cold units) and higher variations of grain harvest. It displayed relatively little difference for the main pathways that could be interpreted as climatic impacts during the warm units between the Han and Tang periods, and both approximately 33% of the decades for warm units (100%) ending with fiscal balance/surplus were more likely to be associated with the impacts of temperature change. The difference mainly lies in cold units in the links of ‘cold → poor harvest’ and ‘poor harvest → macro-economic depression’ through the pathway of ‘cold → poor harvest → macro-economic depression/normal economy → fiscal deficiency’. Overall, macro-economy and fiscal system of the Tang period displayed less sensitivity to temperature change and agriculture production in cold period. Those patterns might be related with the unique socio-economic situations such as agricultural fragmentation, southward shift of economic resource and tax system reform during the later Tang Dynasty.
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Liu, Ya Yun, Ying Yi Liu, Li Bing Mo, Chu Shan Zeng, Ming Long Yang, Yuan Hao Li, and Chun Mei Zhong. "Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Water Quality in the Ponds of Lv-Tang-River National Urban Wetland Park, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.141.
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Based on the data collected in January, March,July and October in 2013, the characteristics of water quality in temporally and spatially in the ponds of Lv-Tang-River national urban wetland park were investigated. The results show that the main pollutants of Lv-Tang-River wetland are chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. Their average concentrations are worse than the national quality standards for Class V. The characteristics of water quality in spatially are significantly correlated with the plant configuration in the wetland. The water quality in reed pond is the best. Secondly is in natural pond. The worst is in lotus pond. The average of single parameter pollution index (Sj) of reed pond, natural pond and lotus pond is 1.72, 1.82 and 1.96. The water quality in the three ponds belongs to light pollution area. The water quality in July and October is better than that in January and March. In July and October, the water quality belongs to light pollution area and Sj is 1.12 and 1.35 respectively. In January and March, the water quality belongs to moderate pollution area and Sj is 2.17 and 2.71, respectively. In order to improve the water quality in Lv-Tang-River national urban wetland park and protect the ecological environment of Zhanjiang city, the valid measure is to strengthen the management of artificial ponds in winter and spring.
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Shen, Hong. "11 YEARS OF BIOSTEREOLOGY IN CHINA." Image Analysis & Stereology 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p157-161.
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Biostereology in China is very active. Here is a brief summary: Organization: The organization of biostereology in China was founded in Nov. 1988. Its name is Chinese Society of Biomedical Stereology (CSBS), and is affiliated to the Chinese Society for Stereology (CSS). The first joint president of CSS/BMC was Prof. Peixuan Tang, the second and now the third, is Prof. Dewen Wang. There are 556 registered members. Academic Congresses: Sessions of the National Biostereological Congress were convened in 1990, 1992, 1996 and 2000. Publications: Four works were written and published in China. One is "Quantitative Histology" (Luji Shi, 1964), another is "Stereological Morphometry For Cell Morphology" (Fusheng Zheng, 1990), the third one is "Practical Biostereological Techniques" (Hong Shen and Yingzhong Shen, 1991) and the fourth one is "Quantitative Cytology and Cytochemistry Techniques" (Genxing Xu, 1994). A Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis has been published since 1996. Courses: More than ten national training courses on biostereology were held. In some medical universities or colleges, a biostereology course has been set up. Theoretical studies: Some new concepts, parameters and methods for stereology and morphometry were put forward, such as: regular form factor, volume concavity, surface concavity, area concavity, boundary concavity, curve profile area density, positive university for immunohistochemistry stain etc. Application: Stereological methods have been widely applied in biomedical studies. The applied field covered most of the morphological domain of biology. The main applications of biostereology are quantitative pathological diagnosis and prognosis of tumor cells and histostructures. Most studies utilize classical stereological methods. New stereological methods should be popularized and applied in the future. Image Analysis System: Image analysis systems are widely used in biostereological studies. About ten kinds of image analysis systems have been manufactured in China. The most popular is HPIAS, which is made by Huahai Electronic CO.LTD.
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Barrett, T. H. "Breaking the Reputation of Female Rule in China: Daoism and the Rewriting of the History of the Reign of Wu Zhao (624-705)." NAN Nü 21, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-00212p01.
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AbstractUsurpation by a woman made the reign of Wu Zhao a problem in the history writing of the restored Tang dynasty (618-907; interregnum 690-705) and thereafter that has often attracted the epithet ‘Confucian’. An examination of the rewriting of history to change the meaning of two miracles reported during her reign – the appearance of a new (though small) mountain and of Laozi, supposed ancestor of the Tang imperial line – shows that among those keen to repurpose these events were later Daoists, who were engaged in a long term struggle with the Buddhists, the main beneficiaries of her rule. This suggests that we need a more nuanced approach than simply designating all retrospective criticism of her as ‘Confucian’, even if the ultimate origins of the attempts at historical revision are as yet hard to discern.
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Fuller, Michael A. "Reviews of Books:Reform in the Balance: The Defense of Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China Anthony DeBlasi." American Historical Review 109, no. 3 (June 2004): 877–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530581.
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Wu, Shan, Shi Wen Tang, Simon Thibault, Xin Zhao, and Li Zhao. "Comparison and Analysis of the Design Calculation Methods of Septic Tank at Home and Aboard." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.712.
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According to the relevant code standards and specifications for the septic tanks at home and aboard, the design and calculation methods of septic tank in USA, Australia, Ireland and China are compared. The results showed that the design volume in China is obviously less than that of the others, and the main reason lies in the difference in the aspects of the application environment and the management and maintenance of septic tank, and the delay update of codes and standards related to the septic tank design. Furthermore, the undersized volume will lead to the malfunction of septic tank.
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Yang, Ling Qiang, and Yan Wang. "Structure Methods and Anti-Seismic Mechanism of Palace Type Timber Frame System Building in Tang and Song Dynasty in China(I)." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2630.
Full textAbstract:
Gold box bucket bottom slot hall-type building is a kind of the highest rank traditional architecture in China. The main structure consist of frontal column layer, tile layer and roof layer, in which, the connection between stigma and cap block, stigma and column base are yaw floating shelves.
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TANG, HONGQU, and PETER S. CRANSTON. "Review of Nilodosis Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species from South China." Zootaxa 4353, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
The male, female and pupa of Nilodosis austrosinensis Tang & Cranston, sp. n., reared from 2 reservoirs of south China, are described. The male can be separated from congeners by the presence of few squamal setae, a relatively long spur on the mid– and hind legs, a characteristic superior volsella and distinctive pattern of all legs. The female can be separated by features of genitalia, namely the absence of a ventrolateral lobe and the dorsomesal lobe with the apex usually curved. The pupa is separable by a bare tergite VIII and by characteristic spinulation of the sternites. The generic diagnosis is emended and some problems alluded to. This is the first formal record of Nilodosis from the Oriental region, indeed the first outside the Afrotropical region.
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Wang, Chunyan, Xudong Tang, and Li Zhang. "Huangqin-Tang and Ingredients in Modulating the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7016468.
Full textAbstract:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. Current therapies in UC cause limitations, and herb medicine provides an important choice for UC treatment. Huangqin-Tang (HQT) is a well-known classical traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been used in China for thousands of years. A large number of pharmacological studies demonstrated HQT and its ingredients to be effective in treating UC. Though the therapeutic effect has been evaluated, comprehensive up-to-date reviews in this field are not yet available. Here we aim to review our current understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and how the agents modulate the main pathogenesis of the disease, including the intestinal environment, immune imbalance, inflammatory pathways, and oxidative stress. The summary on this issue may provide better understanding of HQT and its ingredients in treating UC and possibly help in promoting its clinical application.
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Saber, Mohammed. "Vertical and Lateral Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Euphrates River Sediments between Heet and Fallujah, Western Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 2A (July 31, 2021): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2a.9ms-2021-07-30.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, significant attention has been paid to heavy metal contamination as a dangerous environmental problem because of the toxicity, abundance, persistence and bioaccumulation of these elements (Chen et al., 2016,) (Islam et al., 2017 and ) (Jin et al., 2019). In general, the contamination state of the environment is evaluated by the total concentration of heavy metals (Kanda et al., 2018). The riverine sediments are considered as the main basins for various pollutants following the largely uncontrolled discharge of contamination resulting from human activities and geogenic processes (Liu et al., 2018). The sediment contamination is an important indicator of environmental variation as a result of anthropogenic influence (Gao et al., 2019). River sediments serve as not only a major sink and carrier of heavy metals but also as potential sources of secondary pollution, which can reflect their contamination level (Tang et al., 2014 and ) (Hsu et al., 2016). The heavy metals are released into the aquatic environments from geogenic and anthropogenic sources. The geogenic sources include chemical leaching of bedrock, water drainage basins and runoff from banks (Raj et al., 2017). The anthropogenic sources of heavy metals pollution in aquatic systems include mining activities, industrial wastes disposal and pesticides use, (Chakravarty & Patgiri, 2009). The heavy metals pollution of sediments is an indicator of the aquatic systems water quality (Zhao et al., 2012). The heavy metal distribution in sediments and pollution levels supplies a base for consideration of sediments treatment methods and evaluation of the potential releasing of heavy metals into water and transport downstream (Nawrot et al., 2020). The vertical and spatial distribution of heavy metals and pollution levels have been evaluated in sediments of many world rivers, such as the Yinma River, China (Guan et al., 2018), the Voghji River, Armenia (Gabrielyan et al., 2018), the Barigui River, Brazil (Machado et al., 2017), the Harazdan River, Armenia (Petrosyan et al., 2019), the Thames River, the UK (Vane et al., 2020), the Yang River, China (Tang et al., 2020), and the Lu Lu River, China (Ye et al., 2020). The spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Euphrates River in Iraq has been investigated by many authors (Issa & Qanbar, 2016); (Al-Taher et al., 2020); and (Hussain & Al-Jaberi, 2020). The spatial variation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments of the Euphrates River along the studied area between Heet and Ramadi Cities has been studied by (Al-Bassam & Al-Mukhtar, 2008) and (Salah et al., 2012). The aim of the study is to investigate how heavy metals are laterally and vertically distributed in sediments of the given study area of Euphrates River between Heet and Fallujah Cities. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the vertical distribution of heavy metals in the Euphrates River sediments.
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Zhou, Wei, Junrui Chai, Zengguang Xu, Yixuan Wang, Kewu Wei, and Yungang Dang. "Historical evolution of urban water conservancy projects in Xi'an, China in the past 3,000 years and its revelations." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (February 15, 2021): 2173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.043.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Xi'an has a special historical position in ancient China, and it has made great achievements in water conservancy projects in all dynasties. The water network skeleton formed mainly by the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory, along with the historical changes of Xi'an, has experienced the Lantian ape-man ‘living by the water’, the Western Zhou Fenghao ‘two capitals along the Fenghe River’, and the Qin Xianyang city ‘capital passed by Weihe river’. Developments and changes such as the ‘diversion of water to develop the capital’ in Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty, the ‘capital be ringed by eight rivers’ in Chang'an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, ‘reduced water’ from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and the ‘coordinated supply’ after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After sorting out the system, it is believed that the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory are the original driving force for the flourishing Chang'an in history. From ancient times to the present, with the development of industry, there has been a trend that human settlements and rivers are farther away. Urban water supply has shifted from groundwater sources to surface water sources. This article investigates the evolution of water conservancy projects in Xi'an from the Paleolithic Age to the present, and studies the relationship between human production and life and water resources. The changing law and development trend of the water supply structure in Xi'an urban area in modern times are analyzed. We have summarized the enlightenment left to us by the practice of water conservancy projects for thousands of years. This paper provides references for the development and planning of water resources in similar cities.
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Yupa Pallchisaca, Ana Emperatriz, Katterine Kariuxy Vásquez Bone, and David Leonardo Serdán Ruiz. "LA CONDICIÓN DE LA EMBARAZADA ANTE UNA NUEVA REALIDAD LLAMADA COVID-19." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, no. 105 (October 11, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i105.384.
Full textAbstract:
La investigación acerca del covid-19 centra en la actualidad la actividad de la comunidad científica internacional. En el contexto de la pandemia, adquiere relevancia producir conocimiento sobre la incidencia del SARS-CoV-2 en el proceso gestacional, el embarazo, los efectos en la paciente obstétrica durante el parto, puerperio y el recién nacido. Es sabido que la mujer embarazada, debido a los cambios por los que atraviesa, es propensa a enfermedades respiratorias, y eso la hace particularmente sensible a la COVID-19. Se hace útil conformar un estado de la cuestión a partir de la revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca del tema, tomando como fuente principal los informes emanados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como otras comunicaciones científicas, con el objetivo de describir algunas propuestas para la atención de pacientes embarazadas contagiadas o no. En la mayoría de las fuentes consultadas, se manifestó un acuerdo en la necesidad de estudiar y establecer un protocolo de atención a la mujer en estado de gestación y al feto, incluso al neonato.
Palabras Clave: proceso gestacional, parto, puerperio, COVID-19, embarazo.
Referencias
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Yishan, Feng. "Historical, Cultural and Ethno-psychological Connotations of the Image of the Homeland in Chinese Literature." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 1 (February 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-1-56-64.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in the study of conceptual images of national literatures formed by the basic universals of ethnic consciousness. The novelty lies in the appeal to the image of homeland in Chinese literature through the prism of the historical-etymological and historical-literary reconstruction of the concept that reflects the ethno-psychological foundations of Chinese consciousness. The problem of the study is comparing a number of lexemes, concepts, artistic images that have formed over the centuries the modern idea of the homeland in the Chinese picture of the world. The purpose of the work is to an alyze the evolution of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese ethnic and national consciousness on the basis of dictionaries and works of Chinese literature from the Tang era to the 20th century. The methodology is based on the etymological, lexical and semantic reconstruction of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese picture of the world, based on the historical and cultural context. The main research methods are comparative-historical and structural-semantic ones. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of the homeland in the ethnic picture of the world of the Chinese was formed as the statehood and national identity of the peoples inhabiting China. In ancient China, the concept of homeland was associated with the place of birth of ancestors, native places, and the country of exodus of alien peoples. These connotations are most clearly found in the lyrics of the Tang era. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of the national movement, the image of the Motherland, drawn from European culture, appeared in the Chinese ethnic consciousness. The Xinhai Revolution allowed the Chinese to discover the world and foreign lands. The image of the motherland-fatherland in this context appears as a correlate of the concept of a foreign land (Japan, England, America). The image of the Motherland, the Father land is used most actively in new Chinese literature during the period of anti-Japanese resistance. After the formation of the PRC and the formation of the national consciousness of a united China, which united many nationalities, among the connotative meanings of ideas about the homeland, the concept of the homeland as a home state is of primary importance. Keywords: the Chinese, ethnic consciousness, land of ancestors, Motherland, foreign land
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Zhang, Fengyu, Lin Li, Mingliang Sun, Cuiting Hu, Zhiguo Zhang, Zijun Liu, Hongfei Shao, Guanglan Xi, and Jiao Pan. "Fungal Community Analyses of a Pirogue from the Tang Dynasty in the National Maritime Museum of China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 2, 2019): 4129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194129.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this research was to analyze the fungal community responsible for the biodeterioration of a pirogue in the National Maritime Museum of China and to make recommendations for the protection of this artifact. Molecular identification of fungal strains isolated from the surface of the pirogue and the air of the storage room that were most closely related to Cladosporium, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Trichoderma spp. DNA extracted from the samples was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that the predominant fungal genera present were Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. and Exophiala sp. Thereafter, cellulose degradation experiments were carried out on the predominant fungi screened by pure culturing. Finally, we tested the sensitivity of the predominant fungal isolates to four biocides. This work suggests that we should pay more attention to Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. in the protection of wooden artifacts, and environmental control is recommended as the main means of protecting the pirogue.
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Wang, X. F., C. Y. Zhou, K. Z. Tang, and Z. A. Li. "Occurrence of Four Citrus Viroids in Chongqing, China." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0978b.
Full textAbstract:
Chongqing Municipality, located in the superior citrus belt of the upper-middle Yangtze River, is one of the most important citrus-producing areas in China. A survey was performed to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of citrus viroids in this area, where Poncirus trifoliata is the main rootstock. From 2002 to 2006, 72 samples of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), lemons (C. jambhiri), mandarins (C. reticulata), and mandarin hybrids, which showed stunting, bark scaling, and cracking symptoms on the rootstock, were collected and graft inoculated into Arizona 861-S1 Etrog citron (C. medica) on rough lemon rootstock and maintained in a greenhouse at 28 to 32°C. Fifty-one of the seventy-two samples were cultivars imported from abroad, and the remaining samples were all local cultivars. Sixty samples induced symptoms typical of citrus viroids on the Etrog indicator plants. To identify the causal agent(s), a one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR protocol, using five primer pairs (1) targeting the complete genome sequences, was used to detect Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) (2). All 72 samples were infected by citrus viroids. Sixty-five and thirty-five of the seventy-two samples were positive for HSVd and CVd-III, respectively. CEVd and CBLVd were found, respectively, in 20 and 11 of 72 samples, whereas CVd-IV was not detected. Of 72 samples, 12 without typical symptoms on Etrog citrons were infected by HSVd and CBLVd. Nearly all (70 of 72) infected citrus plants harbored more than one viroid species, and two plants were both infected by CEVd, CBLVd, HSVd, and CVd-III. RT-PCR products were purified and ligated into pGEM T-Easy Vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and three clones for each of the four viroid species were sequenced and deposited in GenBank: CEVd (Accession Nos. EU382202, U382203, and EU382204); CBLVd (Accession Nos. EU382211, EU382212, and EU382213); HSVd (Accession Nos. EU382208, EU382209, and EU382210); and CVd-III (Accession Nos. EU382205, EU382206, and EU382207). BLAST analysis showed that these nucleotide sequences had greater than 94% nucleotide identity to the most similar genome sequences in GenBank. Sweet orange was more frequently infected by viroids than the other citrus cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CBLVd, HSVd, and CVd-III in Chongqing and the first report of CBLVd in China. The high incidence of citrus viroids in Chongqing necessitates rapid development of a system of propagation and testing to reduce the incidence of viroids and the associated loss of citrus production. References: (1) L. Bernard and N. Duran-Vila. Mol. Cell. Probes 20:105, 2006. (2) K. Z. Tang et al. Acta Hortic. Sin. 32:408, 2005.
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Sheng, Lixia, Shu Zang, Jianwen Wang, Tiantian Wei, Yong Xu, and Liguo Feng. "Overexpression of a Rosa rugosa Thunb. NUDX gene enhances biosynthesis of scent volatiles in petunia." PeerJ 9 (April 2, 2021): e11098. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11098.
Full textAbstract:
Rosa rugosa is an important natural perfume plant in China. Rose essential oil is known as ‘liquid gold’ and has high economic and health values. Monoterpenes are the main fragrant components of R. rugosa flower and essential oil. In this study, a member of the hydrolase gene family RrNUDX1 was cloned from Chinese traditional R. rugosa ‘Tang Hong’. Combined analysis of RrNUDX1 gene expression and the aroma components in different development stages and different parts of flower organ, we found that the main aroma component content was consistent with the gene expression pattern. The RrNUDX1 overexpressed Petunia hybrida was acquired via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation systems. The blades of the transgenic petunias became wider and its growth vigor became strong with stronger fragrance. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis showed that the contents of the main aroma components of the transgenic petunias including methyl benzoate significantly increased. These findings indicate that the RrNUDX1 gene plays a role in enhancing the fragrance of petunia flowers, and they could lay an important foundation for the homeotic transformation of RrNUDX1 in R. rugosa for cultivating new R. rugosa varieties of high-yield and -quality essential oil.
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Lepekhova, Elena. "Two Asian Empresses and Their Influence on the History and Religion in Tang China and Nara Japan (VII-VIII cc.)." Studies in Asian Social Science 4, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/sass.v4n2p20.
Full textAbstract:
The main issue of this paper is the role of two empresses: Chinese Wu Zhao (624-705) and Japanese Koken (Shotoku,718-770) in the history and religion in China and Japan. Both female rulers took Buddhist percepts and patronized theBuddhist Sangha in order to legitimate their power. As the female rulers in the mostly patriarchal society, both WuZhao and Koken had numerous enemies among the formidable court officials and influential families who opposedtheir rule. Therefore, they both used various auspicious signs and omens as the calculated political tools to secure theirposition. In various documents (edicts, manuals etc.) both Wu Zhao and Koken used the examples, mostly fromBuddhism, to show their legitimate status. However, despite of their contribution in the state government and religioussystem, both empresses Wu Zhao and Koken were reviled as bad rulers by the later Confucian historians who resentedtheir patronage of Buddhism and the fact that they were female rulers.
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Li, Huiping, Hope S. Rugo, Jin Zhang, Zhimin Shao, Zhenzhou Shen, Binhe Xu, Jiong Wu, et al. "Interpreting Advanced Breast Cancer Consensus Guidelines for Use in China." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 36s—37s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.004028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract 58 Background: In 2011, an international panel of breast cancer experts developed the first Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) Consensus Guidelines to provide standards and improved care for the multidisciplinary care of patients with this common disease. We sought to adapt the ABC guidelines for China, incorporating cultural standards and available Chinese resource, and identifying suitable formed guideline. Methods: We organized the Chinese Consensus Guidelines Conference for ABC (CABC) yearly from 2013 through 2015 in Beijing as a joint effort between the China Medical Women's Association, the Organization of Beijing Sunshine Great Wall Oncology Program, Peking University, The panel included 50 breast oncology and surgery experts from 20 provinces, as well as two external consultant oncologists from the U.S. and Singapore. Permission was obtained from the ABC Chair to use the guidelines as a basis for our discussion. All questions were presented and discussed in detail, including a review of current applicable data, and panel members voted on each question. Results: The main issues discussed included; 1. In China the patient treatment decision making generally by family members. 2. Use of sequential single agent chemotherapy for standard risk in China most experts still prefer combination therapy. 3. The trastuzumab are not covered by health insurance in China and/or pertuzumab is not yet available. 5. For hormone receptor positive ABC, some physicians in China prefer to start with chemotherapy . 7. Not well accepted by Chinese patients. Details of final voting and Chinese consensus will be presented. Conclusions: Standard guidelines are critical, but must be tailored to be used effectively in specific countries. The CABC has effectively discussed, modified and distributed guidelines for the treatment of ABC in China. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Huiping Li No relationship to disclose Hope S. Rugo Honoraria: Genomic Health Speakers' Bureau: Genomic Health Research Funding: Plexxikon, Macrogenics, OBI Pharma, Eisai, Pfizer, Novartis, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Celsion, Nektar, Merck, Amgen Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Novartis, Nektar, Roche/Genentech, OBI Pharma, Mylan Jin Zhang No relationship to disclose Zhimin Shao No relationship to disclose Zhenzhou Shen No relationship to disclose Binhe Xu No relationship to disclose Jiong Wu No relationship to disclose Zefei Jiang No relationship to disclose Erwei Song No relationship to disclose Yinhua Liu No relationship to disclose Xichun Hu No relationship to disclose Cuizhi Geng No relationship to disclose Bo Li No relationship to disclose Jinhai Tang No relationship to disclose Jifeng Feng No relationship to disclose Pin Zhang No relationship to disclose Junlan Yang No relationship to disclose Qingyuan Zhang No relationship to disclose Jian Liu No relationship to disclose Yuee Teng No relationship to disclose Yongsheng Wang No relationship to disclose Zhongsheng Tong No relationship to disclose Guohong Song No relationship to disclose Peng Yuan No relationship to disclose Hongmei Zhao No relationship to disclose Wuyun Su No relationship to disclose Tao Sun No relationship to disclose Seng-Weng Wong Consulting or Advisory Role: MSD Oncology, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer Speakers' Bureau: MSD Oncology, Bayer, Novartis Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Bayer, Roche, Merck Serono, Boehringer Ingelheim Yanshen Lu No relationship to disclose Yongchang Zhou No relationship to disclose
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Varenov, Andrey V. "Book Publications and Research of Petrogyphs of Northern Regions of China in the Last Quarter of the 20th Century." Oriental Studies 20, no. 4 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-4-37-52.
Full textAbstract:
In China, rock art is spread mainly in the border regions – carvings and engravings in the north of the country and paintings in the south. Before the beginning of the 21st century, research books and albums of petroglyphs were published in four administrative units at provincial level in the north-west of the county: Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Petroglyphs of Inner Mongolia were studied and published by Gai Shanlin, Liang Zhenhua and N. Dalengurib. The earliest and the latest books by Gai Shanlin available to us (published in 1985 and 2002 respectively) were entirely devoted to the interpretation of rock carvings and searches for their analogies. All four monographs on Ningxia rock art – by Zhou Xinghua, Li Xiangshi and Zhu Cunshi, Xu Cheng and Wei Zhong were published almost simultaneously, at the beginning of the 1990s. Ancient rock art of Xinjiang was published in albums by Zhao Yangfeng, Wang Linshan and Wang Bo and in books by Wang Binghua and Su Beihai. The monograph by Tang Huisheng and Zhang Wenhua was devoted to the description of Qinghai petroglyphs and the problems of their interpretation. The album of photos “The Rock Arts of China” is a kind of a guide to the main rock art sites known by 1993 in all the Chinese provinces. Generally, it can be stated that modern Chinese scientific rock art research was born in the first half of the 1980s, when the first articles on rock carvings started to appear in Chinese archaeological periodicals and flourished in the second half of the 1980s and the 1990s, when quite a number of monographs were published.
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Hargett, James M. "Spatial Imaginaries in Mid-Tang China: Geography, Cartography, and Literature. By Ao Wang. Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2018. ix, 359 pp. ISBN: 9781604979411 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 4 (November 2019): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181900144x.
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Su, Y., L. Liu, X. Q. Fang, and Y. N. Ma. "Relationship between climate change and wars between nomadic and farming groups from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 3567–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3567-2015.
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Abstract. In ancient China, the change in regional agriculture and animal husbandry productivity caused by climate change led to either wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty there were 367 wars between the two groups. The nomadic people initiated 69 % of the wars, but 62.4 % were won by the farmers. On a 30 year-period timescale, warm climates corresponded to a high incidence of wars. The conflicts between the nomadic and farming groups took place in some areas which are sensitive to climate change. During the cold periods, the battlefields were mostly in the southern regions. The main causes which leading to the above results are following: (1) warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and farming groups, especially contributed to improve the productivity of nomadic group; meanwhile, the excessive desire for essential means of subsistence in nomadic group could led to wars. (2) During the cold periods, people of farming group moved to the south and construct the south, meanwhile, nomadic group occupied the central plains, thus the battlefields also changed. As the background, climate change plays an indirect role in wars between groups.
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Zhao, Xiaohuan. "From Story to Script: towards a Morphology of The Peony Pavilion––a Dream/ Ghost Drama from Ming China." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 7, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2006.3762.
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University of Otago, Donghua University
This article is an attempt to analyze the dramatic structure of the Mudan ting 牡丹 亭 (Peony Pavilion) as a piece of fantasy which Tang Xianzu 湯顯祖 (1550–1616) created through the utilisation of structural devices and techniques of magic tales. The particular model adopted for the textual analysis is that formulated by Vladimir Propp in Morphology of Russian Folktale.This paper starts with a comparison of Russian magic tales Propp investigated for his morphological study and Chinese zhiguai 志怪 tales which provide the prototype for the Mudan ting with a view of justifying the application of the Proppian model. The second part of this paper is devoted to a critical review of the Proppian model and method in terms of function versus non-function, tale versus move, and character versus tale / theatrical role. Further information is also given in this part as a response to challenges and criticisms this article may incur as regards the applicability of the Proppian model in inter-cultural and inter-generic studies.Part Three is a morphological analysis of the dramatic text with a focus on the main storyline revolving around the hero and heroine. In the course of textual analysis, the particular form and sequence of functions is identified, the functional scheme of each move presented, and the distribution of dramatis personae in accordance with the sphere(s) of action of characters delineated. Finally this paper concludes with a presentation of the overall dramatic structure and strategy of this play.
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Choi, Jung-Bum. "A reassessment of so-called Hwangyongsa-style metal belt." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 82 (September 30, 2018): 125–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.82.125.
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Discoveries of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts, usually brackets and belts as well as round and edge ornaments, excavated from the lower part of the pillar built in the center of this wooden pagoda in Gyeongju led the existence of this site to become known. Subsequent excavations have intermittently targeted local burial tombs but few cases have so far been found; it is nevertheless important to carefully consider the appearance, development, and extinction of these tombs as occurrences are only known from a limited time period between the late sixth century and early seventh century. One characteristic feature of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts is that the ornament and the pattern are raised together; this means that when a belt is worn it buckled by inserting a bracket needle into a round ornament. This is different from the inverted leap-like shape of a metal belt and somewhat similar to the way that these items are depicted as being buckled in Chinese burial mound and mural figures. Most of the patterns seen on these metal belts are also shared with decorative designs seen on reliefs and murals from North dynasty and Sui dynasty ancient tombs; on this basis, these artifacts can be viewed as Chinese-influenced Silla metal belts. Hwangnyongsa-style and Tang-style metal belts have also not been differentiated from one another in conventional interpretations and it has been considered reasonable to assume that the method of ornament making innovatively changed from the use of patterns to none. Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts can therefore be included within the same category as their Tang-style counterparts, as part of the evolution of these items in China. It is known that the Silla dynasty formed political ties with the Chinese dynasty at some point during the middle of the sixth century via the tributary appointment system. This led to a transformation of cultures and products inside China to fit the situation within the Silla dynasty which was then utilized for regional control; the Silla dynasty ruled rural areas by providing Oewie to local forces newly incorporated into the area and by including numerous local owners into the Gyeongwie system subsequent to unification. The time between the mid-sixth century and the early seventh century when the Oewie system was functioning within the Silla dynasty therefore functioned as a tool for regional control and is consistent with the timing of the appearance of Hwangnyongsa-style metal belts in rural areas and changes in their form.
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Xiong, Victor Cunrui. "Ao Wang: Spatial Imaginaries in Mid-Tang China: Geography, Cartography, and Literature. ix, 365 pp. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2019. ISBN 978 0 60497 941 1." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 82, no. 3 (October 2019): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x19001034.
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Li, Z. Y., Y. Gu, and R. Zhang. "TOWARD A WIDER AUDIENCE, SYSTEMATIC APPROACH OF REINTERPRETATION AND REPRESENTATION OF THE EAST MAIN HALL OF FOGUANG TEMPLE BASED ON DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION AND 3D VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-395-2021.
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Abstract. Rebuilt in 857 AD, the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple is the highest ranking wooden architecture to survive from the Tang Dynasty, and is regarded as a rare cultural and architectural gem of China and of the world at large1. Since its rediscovery in 1937, extensive research on the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple has been conducted, mostly about its high values and methods applicable to its conservation and management, while less attention is given to its interpretation and representation, especially to the public audiences.Based on continued digital documentation and study of the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple by Tsinghua Univeristy and Beijing Guowenyan Cultural Heritage Conservation Center over the past 16 years, this paper is a comprehensive overview of the ongoing systematic attempt to leverage digital documentation and acquired research results as content and tool for heritage interpretation and presentation. The works involved include translation of digital survey and documentation of the wooden structure, colored statues and murals of Foguang Temple as content in three approaches: the first approach is the development of an on-site digital display system for Foguang Temple; the second approach involves the planning and designing of a large-scale interactive museum exhibition; the third approach, which wraps up the whole system into a public-centered storytelling experience, involves an ongoing animation series on air at multiple social media platforms that tells unknown stories about Foguang Temple. All three approaches are intended at developing emotional connections between the public and the cultural heritage through reinterpretation and representation, with the aim of making heritage dissemination more dialogical and sustainable by bringing history to life.
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Liu, Guang Yu, Fen Xu, Guo Qiang Shen, and Ren Quan Lu. "Extreme Seeking for the Optimal Design of the Thermal Energy Storage Tank in a Trough Solar Collector System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1525.
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An extreme seeking (ES) method is given for the optimal design of the thermal energy storage (TES) tank in a trough solar collector system. The energy storage tank in such a solar energy collector performs a filter which regulates the heat transfer in some applications. It is desirable that the volume of the TES tank is optimized in terms of the best performance of heat regulation. The main idea is to construct a simulation scheme that emulates repeatedly the dynamical process and varies the key parameter of the tank at all iterations. The governing algorithm is a convex optimization. A case study that incorporates the above method is examined in the city of a province in China. It is shown in the numerical results that the volume of the TES tank is key variable that influences the performance of heat transfer; the proposed ES method is effective to seek the optimal volume.
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Lázaro, Carlos. "Mamoru Kawaguchi: Master of motion and lightness of structures." International Journal of Space Structures 35, no. 1-2 (March 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956059920931316.
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Mamoru Kawaguchi (1932–2019) was one of the great structural engineers of the late 20th century. He developed his career mostly in Japan and he has also superb works in China, Singapore and Spain. The spectrum of his structures is manifold: he designed shells, space frames, inflatable structures, tension structures, timber–steel hybrid systems and so on. With them, he conceived and provided the bones and muscles of sports halls, exhibition halls, museums, railway stations, towers, bridges and sculptures. Kawaguchi collaborated with some of the best architects of his time: Kenzo Tange, Arata Isozaki and Kazuyo Sejima just to cite some of the internationally most renowned. For his works, he was awarded many times in Japan, as well as internationally (the Architectural Institute of Japan award, the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures Torroja Medal, the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering International Award and many others). In this article, I review Mamoru Kawaguchi’s main professional and academic achievements, and discuss his design philosophy, sources of inspiration and means to develop his ideas from my own personal experience.
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Su, Y., L. Liu, X. Q. Fang, and Y. N. Ma. "The relationship between climate change and wars waged between nomadic and farming groups from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period." Climate of the Past 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-137-2016.
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Abstract. In ancient China, shifts in regional productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry, caused by climate change, either led to wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. During the period spanning the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, 367 wars were waged between these groups. While 69 % of the wars were initiated by nomads, 62.4 % were won by the farming groups. On a centennial timescale, the battlegrounds were mostly in northern areas (at an average latitude of 38.92° N) during warm periods, moving southward (at an average latitude of 34.66° N) during cold periods. On a decadal timescale, warm climates corresponded to a high incidence of wars (a correlation coefficient of 0.293). While farming groups were inclined to initiate wars during dry and cold periods, their chances of achieving victory were reduced at such times. The main reasons for this are, first, that a warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and farming groups, contributing especially to enhanced productivity among the former. However, the overriding desire of nomadic groups to expand essential subsistence means led to wars. Second, during cold periods, farming groups moved to and settled in the south, while nomadic groups occupied the Central Plain. Thus, the locations of the battlefields also changed. While other factors also influenced these wars, climate change served as a backdrop, playing an indirect role in wars between these groups.
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de Pee, Christian. "One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China. By Anna M. Shields . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 2015. ix, 363 pp. ISBN: 9780674504370 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 2 (May 2017): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000213.
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Tang, Wenjun, Kun Yang, Jun Qin, Xin Li, and Xiaolei Niu. "A 16-year dataset (2000–2015) of high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global surface solar radiation." Earth System Science Data 11, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 1905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1905-2019.
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Abstract. The recent release of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) HXG cloud products and new ERA5 reanalysis data enabled us to produce a global surface solar radiation (SSR) dataset: a 16-year (2000–2015) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global SSR dataset using an improved physical parameterization scheme. The main inputs were cloud optical depth from ISCCP-HXG cloud products; the water vapor, surface pressure and ozone from ERA5 reanalysis data; and albedo and aerosol from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The estimated SSR data were evaluated against surface observations measured at 42 stations of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and 90 radiation stations of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Validation against the BSRN data indicated that the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) for the instantaneous SSR estimates at 10 km scale were −11.5 W m−2, 113.5 W m−2 and 0.92, respectively. When the estimated instantaneous SSR data were upscaled to 90 km, its error was clearly reduced, with RMSE decreasing to 93.4 W m−2 and R increasing to 0.95. For daily SSR estimates at 90 km scale, the MBE, RMSE and R at the BSRN were −5.8 W m−2, 33.1 W m−2 and 0.95, respectively. These error metrics at the CMA radiation stations were 2.1 W m−2, 26.9 W m−2 and 0.95, respectively. Comparisons with other global satellite radiation products indicated that our SSR estimates were generally better than those of the ISCCP flux dataset (ISCCP-FD), the global energy and water cycle experiment surface radiation budget (GEWEX-SRB), and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). Our SSR dataset will contribute to the land-surface process simulations and the photovoltaic applications in the future. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270112 (Tang, 2019).