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Singh, Nirbhay N., Giulio E. Lancioni, Robert G. Wahler, Alan S. W. Winton, and Judy Singh. "Mindfulness Approaches in Cognitive Behavior Therapy." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004827.
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AbstractMindfulness is the latest addition to the armamentarium of cognitive behavioral therapists. Mindfulness methods from the wisdom traditions, as well as from current psychological theories, are beginning to be used as cognitive behavioral strategies for alleviating psychological distress and for personal transformation. The use of mindfulness as a clinical tool is in its infancy, with attendant growing pains in theory, research and practice. We briefly discuss the historical context of the use of mindfulness, recent developments in theory, research and practice, and future developments. We conclude that mindfulness shows a lot of promise as a clinical treatment modality, but there are inherent pitfalls in the developing approaches.
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Michalak, Johannes, Catherine Crane, Christopher K. Germer, Eluned Gold, Thomas Heidenreich, Johannes Mander, Petra Meibert, and Zindel V. Segal. "Principles for a Responsible Integration of Mindfulness in Individual Therapy." Mindfulness 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01142-6.
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AbstractObjectivesMindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) like mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) teach mindfulness in a group-based format. Empirical research has shown that many therapists working in individual therapy integrate mindfulness practices (e.g., body scan, sitting meditation) into their treatments. However, research on this topic is in its infancy. The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations for a responsible use of mindfulness in individual therapy.MethodsInformed by a literature review, an expert group developed guidelines for a responsible use of mindfulness in individual therapy.ResultsRecommendations for the following issues were developed: (a) different types of integration; (b) diagnoses/clinical problems for which integration of mindfulness in individual therapy could be useful; (c) qualification of therapists; (d) case formulation; (e) the inquiry process; (f) types and optimal duration of mindfulness practices in individual therapy; (g) managing difficult experiences; (h) integration of mindfulness into individual therapy training programs. Finally, we formulate important topics for research on the integration of mindfulness into individual therapy.ConclusionsBy formulating recommendations for the most important issues of the integration of mindfulness into individual therapy, we want to stimulate the discussion on a responsible use of mindfulness in this setting. Since research on this topic is scarce, our recommendations can only be tentative.
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Coelho, Helen F., Peter H. Canter, and Edzard Ernst. "Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Evaluating current evidence and informing future research." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 75, no. 6 (2007): 1000–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.75.6.1000.
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Ree, Melissa J., and Mark A. Craigie. "Outcomes Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in a Heterogeneous Sample of Adult Outpatients." Behaviour Change 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.2.70.
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AbstractResearch on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT; Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002a) has supported the effectiveness of this approach for use with preventing relapse in recurrent depression. This study evaluated the use of MBCT in a heterogeneous sample of 26 psychiatric outpatients with mood and/or anxiety disorders. Results from both completer and intent to treat analyses showed that MBCT was associated with statistically significant improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms. Rates of clinically significant improvement were comparable with effectiveness studies of cognitive behaviour therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction in heterogeneous samples. It is concluded that MBCT may be of value for a range of psychological presentations, administered in heterogeneous groups. Future, controlled, research is required to further evaluate this conclusion and to investigate mechanisms of change.
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Lee, Jennifer, Randye J. Semple, Dinelia Rosa, and Lisa Miller. "Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children: Results of a Pilot Study." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 22, no. 1 (March 2008): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889.8391.22.1.15.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and helpfulness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT-C) for the treatment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a sample of nonreferred children. Twenty-five children, ages 9 to 12, participated in the 12-week intervention. Assessments were conducted at baseline and posttreatment. Open trial analyses found preliminary support for MBCT-C as helpful in reducing internalizing and externalizing symptoms within subjects on the parent report measure. The high attendance rate (Intent-to-Treat sample, 78%; Completer sample, 94%), high retention rate (68%), and positive ratings on program evaluations supported treatment feasibility and acceptability. Overall, this pilot study offers feasibility and acceptability data for MBCT-C as a potential treatment for internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. Further research is needed to test the efficacy of the intervention with a larger sample of children who meet diagnostic criteria for clinical disorders.
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Dr. Muhammad Saleem, Aftab Hussain,. "Effect Of Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention Therapy on Uncontrolled Aggression Among Individual with Amphetamine use Disorder: a Systematic Review." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 5675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2990.
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Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an approach that incorporates cognitive behavioral relapse prevention with mindfulness practice. The present research indicates that MBRP can effectively minimize craving in people with substance use disorder (SUD). The purpose of this review was to examine the efficacy Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) strategies to mitigate uncontrolled aggression in individuals with amphetamine use disorder. In the context of a systematic review, this paper proposes a research project to investigate the effect of mindfulness based relapse prevention therapy on uncontrolled aggression among individual with amphetamine use disorder. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out. PRISMA protocol was applied to ensure a standardized review strategy. No ethical approval was required. Review indicated that mindfulness training intervention as MBRP was successful for individuals with amphetamine use disorder. This preventive strategy has helped them improve their ability to deal with temptation and high-risk behaviors, such as uncontrolled aggression
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Cairns, Victoria, and Craig Murray. "How Do the Features of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Contribute to Positive Therapeutic Change? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 342–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000945.
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Background: The exploration of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy through qualitative investigation is a growing area of interest within current literature, providing valuable understanding of the process of change experienced by those engaging in this therapeutic approach. Aims: This meta-synthesis aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the features of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy contribute to positive therapeutic change. Method: Noblit and Hare's (1988) 7-step meta-ethnography method was conducted in order to synthesize the findings of seven qualitative studies. Results: The process of reciprocal translation identified the following five major themes: i) Taking control through understanding, awareness and acceptance; ii) The impact of the group; (iii) Taking skills into everyday life; (iv) Feelings towards the self; (v) The role of expectations. Conclusion: The synthesis of translation identified the higher order concept of “The Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Journey to Change”, which depicts the complex interaction between the five themes in relation to how they contribute to positive therapeutic change. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research, theory and their implications for clinical practice.
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SUN, Xiaosun, Lin XIE, Xue FENG, Xingtao XIA, Yang HE, Li TAN, and Huwei ZHAO. "Evaluation of the Application Effect of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Health Management of Elderly Patients with COPD during the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic." Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2021.1.4.
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"The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 epidemic. From January 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020, one hundred and thirteen elderly patients with stable COPD were selected as participants of the research, and a WeChat group was used for mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy. CAT and mMRC were used to compare the symptoms and health status of patients before and after the epidemic lockdown. After the epidemic lockdown, the cough symptoms, energy status, total score and mMRC score in the CAT questionnaire were lower than before the epidemic lockdown, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). During the epidemic lockdown, the use of WeChat groups to conduct mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can help alleviate panic, improve patients' self-management behavior, and enhance the quality of life and health of patients."
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Gallo, Fred. "Mindful Energy Psychology: History, Theory, Research, and Practice." Energy Psychology 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9769/epj.2016.8.1.fg.
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Abstract: The dialectic between acceptance and the desire for change reflects a core paradox within psychology. Two clinical methodologies that at first glance appear to be diametrically opposed have been incorporated into an approach that harnesses a reciprocal synergy, seamlessly integrating a focus on acceptance with a focus on change. Mindfulness practices, which involve purposeful, nonjudgmental awareness and acceptance of the present moment, have been shown to promote general well-being as well as to alleviate many psychological and stress-related symptoms. Energy psychology, which utilizes both somatic and cognitive interventions, is believed to rapidly and with precision change the energetic and neurological underpinnings of a range of psychological disorders. Combining the two approaches into a “mindful energy psychology” resolves the acceptance/change paradox with an interplay that yields immediate, potent therapeutic benefits. This paper examines each approach and shows how they may be integrated into clinical practice. Keywords: mindful, mindfulness, mindfulnessbased therapies, energy psychology, mindful energy psychology, tapping, energy tapping, meridian tapping, Thought Field Therapy, TFT, Emotional Freedom Techniques, EFT, Midline Energy Technique, MET, Tonglen, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD
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Almoula, Oroub, Ahmad Almutairi, Abdullah Alozairi, Rudi Coetzer, and Martyn Bracewell. "A-144 Impairment of Attention in Persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder by Neuropsychology Assessments and Rehabilitation Training Course." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.162.
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Abstract Objective Scholars consider Mindfulness to develop a person’s capacity for awareness of self and others. This approach can also be used in Neuropsychological counselling. Recent research studies have shown that mindfulness has a positive impact on cognitive performance, attention and emotion regulation. This study aimed to examining a possible difference in attention trained between twenty PTSD Syrian’s refugees who were using the mindfulness programme for two weeks and those who trained Cognitive behavioural therapy course. This study was also intended to translate some widely used tests in neuropsychological assessments, and determining the potential efficiency of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a rehabilitation course for these clinical populations. Two separate three-way mixed ANOVA models (Within-Within-Between) were performed to assess if the Stroop effect and Stroop R effect differ between the three Stroop scenarios (within-Subjects effect: Control – Practice – Main test) and Conditions (within-Subjects effect: Congruent – Incongruent) when two different separate treatments were applied to twenty Syrian’s refugees participants (Between-Subjects main effect: Mindfulness vs Cognitive behavioural therapy, there were also applied other attention measures such as; Trail Making test, Coding and Symbol search from WIAS-IV. For Stroop R model 2 we identified a significant within-subjects main effect of Stroop (F (2, 36) = 8.248, p = 0.002, partial-eta = 0.295). There was a significant within-subjects main effect of Conditions indicating a significant difference between congruent and incongruent treatment. Also, there was a significant two-way interaction effect of Stroop and Condition. Refugees participants reveal significantly differences for Coding, Trail numbers and Trail Numbers and Letters.
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Rodgers, Sephora H., Robert Schütze, Natalie Gasson, Rebecca A. Anderson, Robert T. Kane, Sergio Starkstein, Katherine Morgan-Lowes, and Sarah J. Egan. "Modified Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: a Pilot Trial." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581800070x.
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Background: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has evidence of efficacy in a range of populations, but few studies to date have reported on MBCT for treatment of anxious and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of modified MBCT in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and improving quality of life in PD. Method: Thirty-six individuals with PD were randomly assigned to either modified MBCT or a waitlist control. Changes in symptoms of anxiety, depression and quality of life were compared at group level using generalized linear mixed models and at individual level using reliable change analysis. Results: At post-treatment, there was a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for people undertaking modified MBCT at both group and individual levels compared with controls. There was no significant effect on anxiety or quality of life at the group level, although significantly more people had reliable improvement in anxiety after modified MBCT than after waitlist. Significantly more waitlist participants had reliable deterioration in symptoms of anxiety and depression than those completing modified MBCT. Most participants stayed engaged in modified MBCT, with only three drop-outs. Discussion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential efficacy of modified MBCT as a treatment for depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease and suggests further research is warranted.
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Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., and John Young. "Process-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Framework for Conceptualization and Treatment." Clinical Case Studies 19, no. 6 (August 26, 2020): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650120951858.
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Process-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (PB-CBT) is the integration of biological, psychological, and social factors into idiographic structural models used to conceptualize patient problems and select transdiagnostic, evidence-based procedures for clinical intervention to improve well-being. Despite the clinical utility and applicability of this transdiagnostic approach to case conceptualization and treatment, little research or formal guidance exists on how to create individualized structural models in clinical practice. Traditional clinical psychology, on the contrary, employs a diagnosis to treatment matching system. While useful, diagnosis to treatment models of intervention neglect contextual factors that contribute to patient problems and have led to a proliferation of treatment manuals for specific diagnoses. The current case study described a college male who coped with emotional difficulties through avoidance, isolation, food restriction, and alcohol use. In addition to psychopathology, the patient also identified as bisexual in a predominantly homophobic social environment, which exacerbated psychological distress. These various factors were integrated into a structural model that aided the selection of transdiagnostic interventions. At the conclusion of treatment, the patient reported meaningful reductions in psychological symptoms, in addition to various functional gains consistent with his values, such as an increased ability to tolerate difficult emotions, increased mindfulness skills, and an openness to discuss emotions with peers. Structural models and transdiagnostic interventions may help conceptualize patients presenting with multiple forms of psychopathology.
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Saxbe, Darby E. "Birth of a New Perspective? A Call for Biopsychosocial Research on Childbirth." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 1 (February 2017): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416677096.
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Childbirth is a major life event with implications for family health, but it has been understudied by psychological scientists. The biopsychosocial model, which posits that health is shaped by biological, social, psychological, and cultural processes, can describe birth. The physiology of birth involves the interplay of hormones such as cortisol and oxytocin that are known to be affected by socioemotional factors. Existing theories on pain, stress, and social support can be applied to birth. Psychologists can adapt and incorporate empirically supported treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction, into childbirth education. Although father presence at birth represents a relatively new phenomenon, research on partner support has been lacking. Birth experiences may mediate associations between prenatal stress and postpartum adjustment, suggesting a need for more integrated, longitudinal research on birth.
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Crane, R. S., J. Brewer, C. Feldman, J. Kabat-Zinn, S. Santorelli, J. M. G. Williams, and W. Kuyken. "What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 6 (December 29, 2016): 990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716003317.
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There has been an explosion of interest in mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. This is demonstrated in increased research, implementation of MBPs in healthcare, educational, criminal justice and workplace settings, and in mainstream interest. For the sustainable development of the field there is a need to articulate a definition of what an MBP is and what it is not. This paper provides a framework to define the essential characteristics of the family of MBPs originating from the parent program MBSR, and the processes which inform adaptations of MBPs for different populations or contexts. The framework addresses the essential characteristics of the program and of teacher. MBPs: are informed by theories and practices that draw from a confluence of contemplative traditions, science, and the major disciplines of medicine, psychology and education; underpinned by a model of human experience which addresses the causes of human distress and the pathways to relieving it; develop a new relationship with experience characterized by present moment focus, decentering and an approach orientation; catalyze the development of qualities such as joy, compassion, wisdom, equanimity and greater attentional, emotional and behavioral self-regulation, and engage participants in a sustained intensive training in mindfulness meditation practice, in an experiential inquiry-based learning process and in exercises to develop understanding. The paper's aim is to support clarity, which will in turn support the systematic development of MBP research, and the integrity of the field during the process of implementation in the mainstream.
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Harley, Jane. "The Role of Attention in Therapy for Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Interventions." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 3S (October 19, 2018): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-odc11-17-0196.
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Purpose The aim of the study was to consider the role of attention in therapy for children and adolescents who stutter from the perspective of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). Method This clinical discussion paper will explore two aspects of attention in relation to young people who stutter and their parents: (a) what we attend to as human beings and (b) how we attend. It will draw on research and clinical practice informed by CBT and MBIs. Specifically, information-processing theory in CBT explains psychological well-being partly in terms of what individuals focus their attention on, whereas MBIs focus on the relationship between how individuals attend to their internal experiences and their psychological well-being. Conclusions Although a nascent field, MBIs may be useful as a part of therapy for children and adolescents who stutter. The concepts highlighted by MBIs may also help to resolve some clinical issues.
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Trompetter, Hester R., Ernst T. Bohlmeijer, Bianca van Baalen, Marco Kleen, Albère Köke, Michiel Reneman, and Karlein M. G. Schreurs. "The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000191.
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Psychological flexibility receives increasing attention as the overarching process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS), measuring “avoidance” and “cognitive fusion” with pain, in a heterogeneous clinical sample of 428 chronic pain patients from four rehabilitation centers. Furthermore, the relationship between the PIPS and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ) as a theoretically related measure within ACT is explored. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated acceptable/good model fit and internal consistencies. In a subsample from two rehabilitation centers (n = 237), the PIPS showed moderate to high relationships with aspects of mindfulness, pain interference in daily life, pain disability and mental health, and small relationships with pain intensity and physical functioning. The avoidance subscale explained additional variance in outcome variables beyond the FFMQ, ranging from 4.5 to 15.8%. Outcomes support the psychometric properties of the PIPS in a heterogeneous chronic pain sample. The PIPS and FFMQ measure slightly overlapping, but distinct constructs, and can be used complementary to assess a broad range of processes within ACT. Potential problems with the cognitive fusion subscale are acknowledged for future research.
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Drage, Matthew. "Of mountains, lakes and essences: John Teasdale and the transmission of mindfulness." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 4 (October 2018): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118790429.
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In this article I examine an important episode in the growth of ‘mindfulness’ as a biomedical modality in Britain: the formation and establishment of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) by John Teasdale and his colleagues Mark Williams and Zindel Segal. My study, focusing on Teasdale’s contribution, combines ethnographic, oral historical and archival research to understand how mindfulness was disseminated or, to use a term sometimes used by mindfulness practitioners themselves, ‘transmitted’. Drawing on theoretical support from Max Weber, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, I argue that transmission had a very specific form within the Buddhistic milieu that Teasdale occupied and within which he developed MBCT. To ‘transmit’ mindfulness was to transmit an experiential essence; a type of subjectivity that was seen as perennial, universal and radically distinct from its historical context. In tracing the recurring metaphysical, metaphorical and visual tropes of mindfulness and its transmission, I attempt to understand how Teasdale was embedded in both local and global networks of discourse and practice, and how his life and work contributed and depended upon an assemblage whose elements (institutional, technical, conceptual, textual) straddled empiricist psychology and religious mysticism. I also examine how authority, experience and knowledge were closely interwoven in the birth of British mindfulness, coming together to form an affectively compelling ‘diagram’ that shaped the way mindfulness was practiced and disseminated. In doing so, I aim to open up the possibility of studying the history of the human sciences from a new perspective: one which places an emphasis on the emotional impetus generated by metaphysical assumptions.
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Kumar, Devvarta, and Ganesan Venkatasubramanian. "Metacognition and Mindfulness Integrated Therapy Reduces Severity of Hallucination in a Patient Not Taking Antipsychotic Medication." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 3 (August 2018): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.32.3.192.
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Psychological interventions have proven efficacy in treating psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. However, the efficacy of these interventions has primarily been evaluated in the context of their use as an adjunct to antipsychotics or on patients who do not respond to adequate trials of antipsychotics. There is paucity of research about the effectiveness of psychological interventions in patients who do not take antipsychotics either because they are not willing to take medications or are not able to tolerate antipsychotics due to the side effects. We report here the case of a patient who had distressing auditory hallucinations and was not able to take antipsychotic medications because of severe reactions. She responded to metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy for auditory hallucination. A total of eight sessions of therapy with the major focus on enhancement of metacognitive insight into the mechanisms of genesis and maintenance of hallucinations followed by encouraging the patient to use mindfulness-based strategies and regular self-monitoring of hallucinatory experiences were conducted. The patient was assessed pre–post intervention on the auditory hallucination subscale of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). There was significant improvement as reflected by more than 50% reduction in the PSYRATS score. This case highlights that metacognition and mindfulness integrated therapy has the potential to help patients with hallucination who do not take antipsychotic medications. The insight building helps in developing a detached approach towards hallucinatory experiences which, in turn, reduces distress caused by the hallucinations.
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Day, Melissa A., Beverly E. Thorn, and John W. Burns. "The Continuing Evolution of Biopsychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 2 (2012): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.26.2.114.
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In the last several decades, great strides have been made in the treatment of persistent painful conditions. The scope of treatment has shifted from purely biomedical, including approaches built upon cognitive, behavioral, and social psychological principles. This article reports and discusses several key paradigm shifts that fueled this revolutionary change in the management of chronic pain. The progressive development of theoretical metamodels and treatment conceptualizations is presented. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely accepted biopsychosocial treatment for chronic pain and is founded upon a rich theoretical tradition. The CBT rationale, and empirical evidence to support its efficacy, is presented. The emergence and promise of mindfulness-based and acceptance-based interventions is also discussed. The article concludes with the assertion that future treatment outcome research should focus on understanding the treatment-specific and common factors associated with efficacy.
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Sneed, Jenilee, and Tonya Hammer. "Phenomenological Inquiry into Phoenix Rising Yoga Therapy." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 28, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/2018-00002.
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Abstract There is growing recognition within psychology and other disciplines that body experience may be as important as cognitive and emotional experience. However, psychology has few psychotherapeutic interventions to support the integration of mind and body within therapy. Phoenix Rising Yoga Therapy (PRYT) is a form of mind-body therapy that uses yoga posture, touch, and psychotherapeutic dialogue to facilitate growth and healing. The current study explored the phenomenological experience of four women who each received five PRYT sessions. Research questions posed were: (1) What are the clients' experiences of the phenomena of PRYT? and (2) How does receiving PRYT sessions impact the clients' lives? The following themes emerged from the data as the essence of PRYT sessions: mindfulness, self-awareness, mind-body connection, in vivo experience of new behaviors, client-directed, empowerment, and life changes. These themes show significance in the mind-body connection and that it is important to consider alternative modalities such as PRYT for clients. Each participant noted greater insight into mind-body connection. They noticed the effect of cognition and emotion on the body, observed how the body can be used to improve coping through movement and breathing, and experienced different thoughts and emotions associated with different areas of their bodies. Although these results are not necessarily generalizable, they offer interesting theoretical implications for embodied interventions.
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Burke, John, Derek Richards, and Ladislav Timulak. "Helpful and Hindering Events in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Generalized Anxiety." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465818000504.
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Background: Anxiety disorders are a highly prevalent cause of impairment globally with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) sharing many features with other anxiety disorders. Aims: The present study investigated the helpful and hindering events and impacts for individuals with generalized anxiety who engaged with a supported 6-week online intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT). Method: Participants (n = 36) completed the Helpful and Hindering Aspects of Therapy (HAT) for each session. A descriptive-interpretative framework was used to analyse the data. Results: Helpful events were identified by participants as CBT techniques including psychoeducation, monitoring, cognitive restructuring and relaxation, and found supporter interaction, mindfulness and reading personal stories helpful. The associated impacts were identified as support and validation; behavioural change/applying coping strategies; clarification, awareness, and insight; reassurance/relief; and self-efficacy/empowerment. Hindering events were identified as treatment content/form; and amount of work/technical issues, which led to impacts such as frustration/irritation; increased anxiety; and isolation. Conclusion: The implications of the results, potential future directions of research and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Robinson, Paula L., Ailsa Russell, and Leon Dysch. "Third-Wave Therapies for Long-Term Neurological Conditions: A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Status and Quality of Evidence." Brain Impairment 20, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2019.2.
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Background: Adults with long-term neurological conditions can face complex challenges including anxiety and depression. Emerging research suggests the utility of third-wave approaches (the third development of psychotherapies) in working transdiagnostically with these difficulties.Aims: This systematic review sought to summarise and appraise the quality of published empirical studies using third-wave therapies such as Compassion Focused Therapy; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.Method: Review procedures followed PRISMA guidelines, with 437 abstracts screened, 24 full-text articles retrieved and 19 studies found to meet inclusion criteria. Six out of seven randomised studies had unclear or high risk of bias, whilst the majority of non-randomised studies were considered moderate quality.Results: Overall, studies reported a statistically significant reduction in emotional distress. Of the 13 studies that used model-specific process measures, 10 found statistically significant improvements in transdiagnostic factors.Discussion: The findings indicate that third-wave therapies show promise in addressing transdiagnostic difficulties within neurological conditions. A number of methodological and conceptual issues for the included studies were highlighted during the quality appraisal process. Clinical implications include consideration of intervention length and use of outcome measures. Research implications are discussed by considering the progressive stages of development for behavioural treatments.
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López-Pinar, Carlos, Sonia Martínez-Sanchís, Enrique Carbonell-Vayá, Julio Sánchez-Meca, and Javier Fenollar-Cortés. "Efficacy of Nonpharmacological Treatments on Comorbid Internalizing Symptoms of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 456–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054719855685.
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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly comorbid in adulthood. This meta-analysis was aimed at ascertaining the efficacy of different psychotherapies in improving comorbid internalizing symptoms in adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty randomized controlled trials and 12 uncontrolled pretest–posttest studies were included and combined using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias and heterogeneity assessment and moderator analyses were performed. Results: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) improved quality of life (QoL), emotional dysregulation (ED), depression, and anxiety symptoms, particularly at follow-up, which was predicted by core symptoms reduction. A significant between-group effect was obtained only on QoL, ED, and self-esteem for dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs), and neurofeedback, respectively. Conclusion: Results support CBT efficacy for treating comorbid internalizing symptoms. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of DBT, MBT, and neurofeedback. The small number of studies evaluating some therapies and the high risk of bias observed might limit these results.
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Zucchelli, Fabio, Olivia Donnelly, Heidi Williamson, and Nic Hooper. "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People Experiencing Appearance-Related Distress Associated With a Visible Difference: A Rationale and Review of Relevant Research." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 3 (August 2018): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.32.3.171.
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People may have a visibly different appearance due to various causes, such as congenital conditions, injury, disease, or medical treatment. Some individuals with a visible difference experience social anxiety and isolation, body image dissatisfaction, shame and self-stigma, psychological trauma, and challenges managing their condition. In this article, we synthesize the relevant literature and present the theoretical rationale for the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third-wave behavioral therapy combining mindfulness skills and value-driven action, to those experiencing distress relating to an unusual or altered appearance. We also outline how ACT may be tailored to the specific considerations of this population and recommend next steps in researching its acceptability and clinical effectiveness.
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O'Day, Emily B., Amanda S. Morrison, Phillippe R. Goldin, James J. Gross, and Richard G. Heimberg. "Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and the Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 9 (November 2019): 751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.9.751.
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Background: Loneliness is a universal experience that is particularly relevant to social anxiety. However, research has not examined loneliness among treatment-seeking individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) or assessed whether mal-adaptive or adaptive emotion regulation strategies moderate the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Methods: We examined the baseline scores of individuals with SAD (n = 121) who sought treatment as part of a waitlist-controlled trial of cognitive behavioral group therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction. Healthy controls (n = 38) were also examined. Results: Individuals with SAD exhibited greater social anxiety (SA), greater loneliness, more frequent expressive suppression (ES), and less frequent cognitive reappraisal (CR) than controls. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that emotion regulation variables moderated the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. At lower CR and higher ES, there was a positive relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. At higher CR and lower ES, there was unexpectedly a stronger positive relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Higher SA was associated with higher loneliness regardless of emotion regulation strategy, whereas lower SA was associated with more moderate and lower levels of loneliness dependent on level of ER strategy. Discussion: Implications for understanding the prevalence and burden of loneliness among individuals with SAD, the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between social anxiety and loneliness, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Chiesa, A., and A. Serretti. "A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (November 27, 2009): 1239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991747.
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BackgroundMindfulness meditation (MM) practices constitute an important group of meditative practices that have received growing attention. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current evidence on the neurobiological changes and clinical benefits related to MM practice in psychiatric disorders, in physical illnesses and in healthy subjects.MethodA literature search was undertaken using Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane collaboration database and references of retrieved articles. Controlled and cross-sectional studies with controls published in English up to November 2008 were included.ResultsElectroencephalographic (EEG) studies have revealed a significant increase in alpha and theta activity during meditation. Neuroimaging studies showed that MM practice activates the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and that long-term meditation practice is associated with an enhancement of cerebral areas related to attention. From a clinical viewpoint, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown efficacy for many psychiatric and physical conditions and also for healthy subjects, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is mainly efficacious in reducing relapses of depression in patients with three or more episodes, Zen meditation significantly reduces blood pressure and Vipassana meditation shows efficacy in reducing alcohol and substance abuse in prisoners. However, given the low-quality designs of current studies it is difficult to establish whether clinical outcomes are due to specific or non-specific effects of MM.DiscussionDespite encouraging findings, several limitations affect current studies. Suggestions are given for future research based on better designed methodology and for future directions of investigation.
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Henwood, Kevin Sammut, Kevin Dominic Browne, and Shihning Chou. "A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Effects of Brief Anger Management on Community-Based Offenders in Malta." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16666338.
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The aim of this article is to examine the effects of a short-term one-to-one anger management program delivered to community-based offenders in Malta. The program delivered was the Individual Managing Anger Program (I-MAP), a Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based anger management intervention developed as an EU project. A randomized control trial (RCT)with waitlist controls was carried out to investigate the effects of I-MAP on the reduction in anger dysfunction among offenders serving a community-based sanction. Participants were 24 male offenders aged between 18 and 57. Eligibility for treatment was based on screening for anger dysfunction and success of interventions was determined through psychometric measures. All the statistical analyses carried out showed significant reduction in psychometric scores on anger symptoms. Results of the interventions show clinical significance. These results are discussed in light of recent research.
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Kögler, Monika, Monika Brandstätter, Gian Domenico Borasio, Veronika Fensterer, Helmut Küchenhoff, and Martin Johannes Fegg. "Mindfulness in informal caregivers of palliative patients." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 1 (June 17, 2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513000400.
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AbstractObjectives:Mindfulness is a concept of growing impact on psychotherapy and has been shown to be effective for stress reduction and to improve psychological well-being. Existential Behavioural Therapy (EBT) was developed to support relatives of palliative care (PC) patients to cope with their situation during caregiving and bereavement. Mindfulness training was a core element of the intervention.We investigated the relationship between mindfulness, mental distress, and psychological well-being in informal caregivers, and evaluated if the effects of the intervention were mediated by mindfulness.Methods:Relatives of PC inpatients took part in a randomized-controlled EBT trial and completed the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, items from the Five Facets of Mindfulness as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the WHOQOL-BREF, a numerical rating scale on quality of life (range 0–10), and the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation at pre- and post-intervention, and a 3- and 12-months follow-up.Results:One-hundred-and-thirty carers were included, most of them (71.6%) recently being bereaved at the beginning of the intervention. High correlations between mindfulness and mental distress (r = −0.51, p < 0.001) as well as life satisfaction (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) were found. Mindfulness was a significant predictor of improvement in psychological distress, meaning in life and quality of life three months after the intervention. The EBT effects were partly mediated by mindfulness.Significance of results:Mindfulness seems to be a promising concept in supporting informal caregivers of PC patients. Further research is needed to identify the required format and intensity of mindfulness practice necessary for improvement.
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McArdle, Siobhain, and Phil Moore. "Applying Evidence-Based Principles From CBT to Sport Psychology." Sport Psychologist 26, no. 2 (June 2012): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.26.2.299.
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This article highlights four key principles of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and proposes situations where these tenets would be relevant from an applied sport psychology perspective. To achieve this aim, a case study of an athlete with a dysfunctional perfectionist mindset is employed. We conclude with possible research directions in applied sport psychology informed by CBT. These recommendations include the need to further develop an evidence based formulation system and the relevance of building a repertoire of “evidence-based” behavioral experiments to improve practice.
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Godfrin, K. A., and C. van Heeringen. "Corrigendum to “The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on recurrence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlled study” [Behaviour Research and Therapy 48 (2010) 738–746]." Behaviour Research and Therapy 49, no. 2 (February 2011): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.001.
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Morley, Stephen. "Cognitive Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Benign Headache: A Review and Critique." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300014932.
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Psychological treatments of headache are becoming increasingly influenced by cognitive therapy. This paper addresses three issues relevant to the development and evaluation of cognitive therapy. 1. It is argued that current assessment measures for evaluating treatment are founded on a theory of pain which is inadequate and as a result they are not sufficient for the evaluation of cognitive therapy. 2. The assumptions on which cognitive therapy for headache is based have not been verified. Recent research indicates a degree of complexity in the relationships between cognition, emotion and pain which has yet to be assimilated. 3. It is noted that cognitive therapy for headache lacks an explicit model of pain which would facilitate the precise formulation and testing of interventions.
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Swalwell, Caitlin, Nancy A. Pachana, and Nadeeka N. Dissanayaka. "Remote delivery of psychological interventions for Parkinson's disease." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 12 (May 11, 2018): 1783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218000340.
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ABSTRACTObjective:Over two-thirds of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms, which adversely impact their quality of life and often require intervention. There is a preference for non-pharmacological, psychological approaches in addressing these symptoms. Given mobility limitations, travel burden, and cost, accessibility to psychological treatment can be problematic in this population. There has been a recent shift toward delivering care via telehealth in PD. Accordingly, this review aimed to examine remotely delivered psychological interventions for PD patients.Results:Most of the telehealth studies for PD involved Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) based anxiety and depression telephone interventions with relatively short (one month) follow-up periods.Conclusion:Although a preliminary work indicates efficacy, future studies should demonstrate the non-inferiority of these telehealth programs compared to face-to-face delivery, and examine the long-term outcomes of remotely delivered therapy. Video-conferencing (VC) appears to be a promising modality to overcome noted limitations of telephone delivery, and has demonstrated efficacy for PD speech programs. Further research should be conducted evaluating telehealth VC modalities for delivery of psychotherapy including CBT, as well as mindfulness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for remote treatment of depression and anxiety in PD.
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Hofmann, Stefan G. "Enhancing exposure-based therapy from a translational research perspective." Behaviour Research and Therapy 45, no. 9 (September 2007): 1987–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.06.006.
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Zigarelli, Julia C., Janine M. Jones, Cinthia I. Palomino, and Reiko Kawamura. "Culturally Responsive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy." Clinical Case Studies 15, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650116664984.
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This case study provides an analysis of culturally responsive cognitive behavioral therapy with a 15-year-old African American female. The focus of this case study is on the course of treatment and how it was influenced by the implementation of the Jones Intentional Multicultural Interview Schedule (JIMIS)—a process that was completed at the beginning of treatment. A total of 20 therapy sessions were recorded and transcribed for the analysis. The research team analyzed the data qualitatively by identifying culturally salient codes that were stated within each session and coding transcripts using Dedoose software version 6.1.18. Results showed that four culturally salient codes were prominent throughout treatment and that these codes were strongly related to African American culture: gender norms, informal kinship, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. The connections between the coded themes, the cultural values of the client, as well as the implications for treatment outcomes are described. This study provides evidence of the value of initiating discussion of cultural factors at the beginning of treatment to shape the direction of evidence-based treatment. The study also suggests that integrating cultural factors with African American clients is important and does not reduce the quality of care or diminish from the fidelity of the evidence-based treatment. Based on these findings, recommendations for researchers and clinicians are also discussed.
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Doorn, Katie Aafjes-van, Céline Kamsteeg, Kathy Portier, and Geetali Chitre. "A Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Group in a Psychoanalytic Community Service: A Pilot Study." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.34.1.21.
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This exploratory study reports on the implementation and effectiveness of a 20-week Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills group provided to 8 outpatients (7 women, average age 33 years old) within a psychoanalytic community clinic. We report on the practical implementation of this DBT skills group, and describe how the theoretical/technical differences between DBT and psychoanalysis were negotiated by the two co-therapists. The effectiveness of the skills group was evaluated on standardized measures of borderline personality symptoms, depression, anxiety, interpersonal problems, quality of life, and mindfulness skills that patients completed before and after treatment. At post-treatment, patients evaluated the DBT skills group on a satisfaction questionnaire and therapists completed a countertransference measure. Pre–post outcome data indicated reduced symptom levels of anxiety, depression, and improved quality of life. Both therapists reported moderate therapist responses typically associated with borderline personality disorder psychopathology. Their therapist responses were not associated with symptom levels or change but were related to patient satisfaction. Accumulative pilot studies like these add to the practice-based evidence of DBT components offered within psychoanalytically-oriented community clinics. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, strong conclusions are precluded until further effectiveness research is conducted.
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Corcoran, R. "The allusive cognitive deficit in paranoia: the case for mental time travel or cognitive self-projection." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (January 5, 2010): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170999211x.
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Delusional beliefs are characteristic of psychosis and, of the delusions, the paranoid delusion is the single most common type associated with psychosis. The many years of research focused on neurocognition in schizophrenia, using standardized neurocognitive tests, have failed to find conclusive cognitive deficits in relation to positive symptoms. However, UK-based psychological research has identified sociocognitive anomalies in relation to paranoid thinking in the form of theory of mind (ToM), causal reasoning and threat-related processing anomalies. Drawing from recent neuroscientific research on the default mode network, this paper asserts that the common theme running through the psychological tests that are sensitive to the cognitive impairment of paranoia is the need to cognitively project the self through time, referred to as mental time travel. Such an understanding of the cognitive roots of paranoid ideation provides a synthesis between psychological and biological accounts of psychosis while also retaining the powerful argument that understanding abnormal thinking must start with models of normal cognition. This is the core theme running through the cognitive psychological literature of psychiatric disorders that enables research from this area to inform psychological therapy.
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Marshall, Jamie M., Debra A. Dunstan, and Warren Bartik. "Apps With Maps—Anxiety and Depression Mobile Apps With Evidence-Based Frameworks: Systematic Search of Major App Stores." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): e16525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16525.
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Background Mobile mental health apps have become ubiquitous tools to assist people in managing symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, due to the lack of research and expert input that has accompanied the development of most apps, concerns have been raised by clinicians, researchers, and government authorities about their efficacy. Objective This review aimed to estimate the proportion of mental health apps offering comprehensive therapeutic treatments for anxiety and/or depression available in the app stores that have been developed using evidence-based frameworks. It also aimed to estimate the proportions of specific frameworks being used in an effort to understand which frameworks are having the most influence on app developers in this area. Methods A systematic review of the Apple App Store and Google Play store was performed to identify apps offering comprehensive therapeutic interventions that targeted anxiety and/or depression. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist was adapted to guide this approach. Results Of the 293 apps shortlisted as offering a therapeutic treatment for anxiety and/or depression, 162 (55.3%) mentioned an evidence-based framework in their app store descriptions. Of the 293 apps, 88 (30.0%) claimed to use cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, 46 (15.7%) claimed to use mindfulness, 27 (9.2%) claimed to use positive psychology, 10 (3.4%) claimed to use dialectical behavior therapy, 5 (1.7%) claimed to use acceptance and commitment therapy, and 20 (6.8%) claimed to use other techniques. Of the 162 apps that claimed to use a theoretical framework, only 10 (6.2%) had published evidence for their efficacy. Conclusions The current proportion of apps developed using evidence-based frameworks is unacceptably low, and those without tested frameworks may be ineffective, or worse, pose a risk of harm to users. Future research should establish what other factors work in conjunction with evidence-based frameworks to produce efficacious mental health apps.
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Cartwright-Hatton, Sam, and James Murray. "Cognitive Therapy with Children and Families: Treating Internalizing Disorders." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004840.
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AbstractInternalizing disorders of childhood and adolescence are common conditions, but until the past decade, had received little scientific scrutiny. This paper overviews the new knowledge that the past decade of research has given us. The early research began by adopting adult models of disorders, and adult-based modes of treatment. This met with moderate success, but the focus now is on testing whether these models are appropriate for younger clients. The good news is that, for adolescents at least, the adult models do seem to be appropriate. The bad news is that, even in well-resourced treatment trials, barely half of all cases remit. In very recent years, there has been a focus on generating developmentally appropriate models of childhood internalizing disorders, and correspondingly, an increasing interest in developing treatment approaches that are appropriate for young people and their families. The paper concludes with our thoughts on the most important questions for research in the next decade.
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Aksnes, Hallgjerd, and Even Ruud. "Body-based schemata in receptive music therapy." Musicae Scientiae 12, no. 1 (March 2008): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490801200104.
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In the receptive music-therapeutical method BMGIM (The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music) the client listens to a specifically selected program of classical music in a deeply relaxed state, whilst reporting his/her concomitant musical imagery to the music therapist. The imagery (or travel) reported by the client (traveler) serves as point of departure for the therapeutic process, as mediated by the therapist (guide). The purpose of this study is to investigate possible relations between structural features of the musical selections, and the imagery that may arise during a BMGIM session. It was assumed that such an investigation might also contribute to our general understanding of musical meaning −1 more precisely, how meaning is produced through our interaction with specific musical structures. Furthermore, if it is possible to trace any relations between structural features and concomitant images, a deeper understanding of these relations might also be helpful in the programming (selection) of musical pieces for the BMGIM session. In the research project to which we refer in this article, a new program, Soundscapes, was designed. The program has several aims: Firstly, we wished to create a BMGIM program based upon more local traditions within the European classical canon; in this case, Norwegian music with a distinctly “national” flavor (see Aksnes and Ruud, 2006). Secondly, we wished to investigate whether it was possible to demonstrate a link between musical structures and the musical images resulting from the embodied perceptions of these structures. Here we will focus upon the first piece of the program, which was analyzed in cognitive semantic terms, the analysis being subsequently compared with the transcriptions of nine BMGIM sessions. In the analysis the well-balanced and “floating” character of the music was understood in terms of amodal, body-based schemata that are operative within music cognition. In the subsequent comparison with the reported travels, it was concluded that the schemata evoked by the music afforded a sensation of being held and carried by the music.
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Agras, W. Stewart, and Cara Bohon. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Eating Disorders." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-110907.
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Research findings strongly suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy for the eating disorders (CBT-ED) is more effective than other treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and for binge eating disorder (BED), although interpersonal psychotherapy appears to be equally effective for BED. Evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-ED for the persistent (adult) form of anorexia nervosa (AN) is insufficient at present and is essentially absent for AN in adolescents except for some evidence from uncontrolled trials. This article begins with an overview of the early studies in the development of CBT-ED that showed a similar effectiveness of other symptom-focused psychotherapies—a finding that was neglected at the time. Later developments are then considered, including comparisons of CBT-ED with other psychotherapies, efforts to develop Internet-based training and treatment, and electronic applications for treatment. Finally, implications of the findings for future short- and long-term research and for clinical practice are considered.
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Pettersson, Richard, Staffan Söderström, Kerstin Edlund-Söderström, and Kent W. Nilsson. "Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD in Outpatient Psychiatric Care." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054714539998.
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Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program targeting difficulties and impairments associated with adult ADHD. Method: Forty-five adults diagnosed with ADHD were randomized to either self-help (iCBT self-help format [iCBT-S]), self-help with weekly group sessions (iCBT group-therapy format [iCBT-G]), or a waiting-list control group. Treatment efficacy was measured at pre- and posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms for the iCBT-S group in comparison with the waiting-list controls at posttreatment, with a between-group effect size of d = 1.07. The result was maintained at 6-month follow-up. No significant difference was found at posttreatment or 6-month follow-up between the iCBT-S and iCBT-G groups. Conclusion: The findings show that a CBT treatment program administered through the Internet can be a promising treatment for adult ADHD. Limitations of the study design and directions for future research are discussed.
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Barrington, Julie. "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Standards for Training and Clinical Practice." Behaviour Change 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.23.4.227.
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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to open discussion on the appropriate standards for training and practice in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for clinical psychologists. CBT has in recent years become increasingly popular as a brief and effective psychological treatment for mental health problems. Public funding has become available for the provision of CBT for a prescribed number of sessions to people diagnosed with specific psychiatric disorders, and there has been an increasing shift in public mental health services toward more short-term and structured episodic care interventions, many of which are CBT-based. There has also been a corresponding increase in health professionals seeking CBT training and offering psychological services described as CBT. However, there is a lack of formal nationally agreed standards for clinical psychologists in relation to training and practice in CBT, and ethical concerns have been raised about the provision of ‘stand-alone’ brief training to professionals who do not have an undergraduate psychology degree and hence may not have an understanding of the theory and research that underlies CBT. Issues raised in this article include training and practice considerations such as levels of competence, diversity and complexity of CBT, treatment length, ethical considerations and barriers to best practice.
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Starker, Steven, and Loren Pankratz. "Soundness of Treatment: A Survey of Psychologists' Opinions." Psychological Reports 78, no. 1 (February 1996): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.288.
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A random sample of 300 psychologists listed in the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology were surveyed about the soundness of forms of mental health treatment and use of these treatments in practice. The 139 psychologists responding expressed greatest confidence in cognitive-behavioral therapy and antipsychotic medications. Approaches most in question as to soundness were primal therapy, neurolinguistic programming, bioenergetics, and aversive therapy. Factor analysis indicated widespread endorsement and use of multiple techniques within two broad camps of research-based “hard-edged” versus clinical wisdom/philosophy-based “soft-edged.”
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Clark, David A. "Is Cognitive Therapy Ill-Founded? A Commentary on Lyddon and Weill." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 11, no. 2 (January 1997): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.11.2.91.
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Lyddon and Weill (in this issue) have concluded that constructivism is preferred over standard cognitive theory and therapy because the latter is based on postmodern assumptions about knowledge, reality and the self. They argue that the postmodern basis of constructivism enables it to address criticisms that social constructivism, feminism and multiculturalism have raised with cognitive psychotherapy. In this commentary I have argued that Lyddon and Weill’s evaluation of standard cognitive therapy (CT) is based on a misrepresentation of the basic assumptions of CT concerning knowledge, the social context and the nature of the therapeutic relationship. I conclude that the relative merits of constructivism over standard cognitive therapy cannot be settled by philosophical debate but only by a consideration of the research and treatment innovations offered by each perspective.
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Steel, Craig. "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis: Current Evidence and Future Directions." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004785.
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AbstractThe past decade has seen considerable growth in the evidence base of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Consistent reports of moderate effect sizes have led to such interventions being recommended as part of routine clinical practice. Most of this evidence is based on a generic form of CBT for psychosis applied to a heterogeneous group. An increase in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions may require new protocols. Such therapeutic developments should be based on the theoretical understanding of the psychological processes associated with specific forms of psychotic presentation. The current evidence base of CBT for psychosis is reviewed, and barriers that have held back the development of this research are discussed.
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Steenbarger, Brett N. "Toward Science-Practice Integration in Brief Counseling and Therapy." Counseling Psychologist 20, no. 3 (July 1992): 403–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000092203001.
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Increased interest in the practice of brief counseling and therapy has been accompanied by an expansion of research activity. Nevertheless, signs abound of a schism between science- and practice-based understandings. This article outlines major approaches to brief counseling practice, including psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and strategic; summarizes recent research on brief therapeutic outcomes and processes; and identifies overlapping themes in the science and practice literatures. An integrative model of brief intervention, capable of being flexibly modified for a variety of client populations, is offered as a framework for future practice, research, and training activities.
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Halstead, Mailae, Sara Reed, Robert Krause, and Monnica T. Williams. "Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD Related to Racial Discrimination." Clinical Case Studies 20, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 310–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650121990894.
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Current research suggests that ketamine-assisted psychotherapy has benefit for the treatment of mental disorders. We report on the results of ketamine-assisted intensive outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment of a client with treatment-resistant, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of experiences of racism and childhood sexual abuse. The client’s presenting symptoms included hypervigilance, social avoidance, feelings of hopelessness, and intense recollections. These symptoms impacted all areas of daily functioning. Psychoeducation was provided on how untreated intergenerational trauma, compounded by additional traumatic experiences, potentiated the client’s experience of PTSD and subsequent maladaptive coping mechanisms. Ketamine was administered four times over a 13-day span as an off-label, adjunct to psychotherapy. Therapeutic interventions and orientations utilized were mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP). New skills were obtained in helping the client respond effectively to negative self-talk, catastrophic thinking, and feelings of helplessness. Treatment led to a significant reduction in symptoms after completion of the program, with gains maintained 4 months post-treatment. This case study demonstrates the effective use of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD.
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Allen, Rebecca, and Keisha Carden. "Bridging the Past and the Future: Why Age Matters in Behavioral Health Training." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3052.
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Abstract This symposium presents data from three applied clinical research projects that involve intergenerational interaction as one component of effective treatment. The first paper describes learner outcomes in an intergenerational art therapy and reminiscence program provided in an adult day service facility. Results show that, in comparison with students in a didactic psychology of aging course or an introductory psychology course, learners in the experiential learning course demonstrated increased empathy, as well as better attitudes toward and increased interest in working with persons with dementia (PWD). The second paper focuses on observed outcomes for older PWD participants in this art therapy and reminiscence program, showing that intergenerational communication engagements exceed engagements with art. Mixed method data across time indicated that PWD benefitted from the treatment, facilitated by undergraduate student learners. The third paper focuses on cultural humility and the importance of racial diversity in providers conducting behavioral health screening in an integrated geriatric primary care clinic. Training issues and behavioral health outcomes regarding assessment of cognitive status, cultural mistrust, and test validity are considered. The fourth and final paper considers how intergenerational dynamics facilitated group cohesion and allowed for increased normalization of common challenges in mindfulness practice. Training issues for graduate student therapists are described. Consideration of level of behavioral health integration in each site, treatment efficacy, and the impact of intergenerational relationships are the foci of discussion. This symposium will show why age matters in behavioral health training.
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Driscoll, Mary A., Robert R. Edwards, William C. Becker, Ted J. Kaptchuk, and Robert D. Kerns. "Psychological Interventions for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Adults." Psychological Science in the Public Interest 22, no. 2 (September 2021): 52–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15291006211008157.
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The high prevalence and societal burden of chronic pain, its undertreatment, and disparities in its management have contributed to the acknowledgment of chronic pain as a serious public-health concern. The concurrent opioid epidemic, and increasing concern about overreliance on opioid therapy despite evidence of limited benefit and serious harms, has heightened attention to this problem. The biopsychosocial model has emerged as the primary conceptual framework for understanding the complex experience of chronic pain and for informing models of care. The prominence of psychological processes as risk and resilience factors in this model has prompted extensive study of psychological treatments designed to alter processes that underlie or significantly contribute to pain, distress, or disability among adults with chronic pain. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is acknowledged to have strong evidence of effectiveness; other psychological approaches, including acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, biofeedback, hypnosis, and emotional-awareness and expression therapy, have also garnered varying degrees of evidence across multiple pain conditions. Mechanistic studies have identified multiple pathways by which these treatments may reduce the intensity and impact of pain. Despite the growing evidence for and appreciation of these approaches, several barriers limit their uptake at the level of organizations, providers, and patients. Innovative methods for delivering psychological interventions and other research, practice, and policy initiatives hold promise for overcoming these barriers. Additional scientific knowledge and practice gaps remain to be addressed to optimize the reach and effectiveness of these interventions, including tailoring to address individual differences, concurrently addressing co-occurring disorders, and incorporating other optimization strategies.
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Gumley, Andrew I., and Kevin G. Power. "IS TARGETING COGNITIVE THERAPY DURING RELAPSE IN PSYCHOSIS FEASIBLE?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 2 (April 2000): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800001077.
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This paper seeks to examine the feasibility of targeting cognitive therapy during early relapse, using a single case design. Gumley, White and Power (1999) offer a theoretical conceptualization of psychotic relapse based on Teasdale and Barnard's (1993) ICS model of depression. This conceptualization aims to provide a means for clinicians and patients to formulate the key psychological factors, which may be responsible for the initiation, acceleration and maintenance of relapse, thereby enabling these factors to be targeted should a relapse be indicated. The intervention received by a case illustrated in this paper is derived from the ICS conceptualization of relapse. The intervention has two stages: an initial engagement and formulation phase and, if required, a targeted cognitive therapy phase. All of the characteristics of traditional cognitive therapy are adhered to, including the use of structure, problem focus, agenda, a socratic style, and collaboration. The paper concludes that there is a need for further research to provide further evidence of the feasibility and efficacy of this approach.