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1
Machumele, Nkateko Jones. "A geological, petrological and mineralogical study of the UG3 chromitite seam at Modikwa Platinum Mine : significance to exploration and PGE resources." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013553.
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The UG3 at Modikwa Platinum Mine occurs as a platiniferous, planar chromitite seam. It is stratigraphically located in the Upper Critical Zone of the Eastern Bushveld Complex. Field work study comprise of underground mapping, sampling, surface mapping, borehole core logging, microprobing and microscopic investigations carried out at the Rhodes University. The UG3 at the Modikwa Platinum Mine is about 22cm thick chromitite seam underlain by a white fine grained anorthosite and overlain by a brown medium grained feldspathic pyroxenite. It is an incomplete cyclic unit consisting of chromite and feldspathic pyroxenite. The UG3 reef at the Modikwa Platinum Mine lease area represents a Platinum Group Metal resource of 300 million tons of ore at an in situ grade of 2.5g/t. Under the current market conditions the UG3 reef remains unprofitable to mine in an underground operation due to the operational cost involved. However, it has been illustrated that the UG3 chromitite seam can increase profit margins in an open pit operation provided it is mined together with the economic UG2 chromitite seam. The extraction of the UG3 as ore in the four Modikwa UG2 open pits would result in a combined operating cash profit of R330 million. The UG3 chromitite seam is platiniferous. The platinum-group minerals (PGM) range in size from less than 10μm to about 70μm. The PGMs are associated with sulphides and are both located in the interstitial silicates and are concentrated in the chromitite seam. The PGMs show a strong preference to contact boundaries of the silicate grains, the chromite grains and the sulphide phases. In some instances, they are enclosed within the chromite grains in association with sulphides. The general sulphide assemblage comprises pentlandite and chalcopyrite whereas, the PGMs assemblage comprises cooperite, ferroplatinum, laurite, FeRhS and PtRhS.
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Shika, Matsepane Rebecca. "Radiation safety standards at public hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/859.
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Marx, Carl. "An analytical accident investigation model for the South African mining industry." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25826.
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Cook, Patrick Michael. "A study of safety management in the coal mining industry of South Africa with particular reference to explosions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250656.
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Rampfumedzi, Londolani. "Retention strategy for miners and artisans at Tshikondeni Coal Mine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/986.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The retention of the right skills in any organisation or industry is always a challenge. There are many causes of the skills shortage and it is also difficult to retain skilled people once they have been found. The literature suggests that retention of skills should ideally be considered from the design and expectation of the requirements of the job through to the recruitment process; and not only once the employee has started working. The literature also explores the different retention strategies that can be applied, such as succession planning, employee engagement, work – life balance, remuneration structuring and career advancement path. This research is limited to Tshikondeni coal mine and attempts to establish which of the following are the biggest contributing factors that cause people to leave and resign from the mine: • Known life of the mine left is till 2014; • Remote location away from essential services; • Leadership; and • Remuneration. From the research that was done, it became clear that the limited life of the mine was the biggest contributing factor that would make employees want to leave Tshikondeni coal mine. Further study is recommended for organisations that operate with finite resources, and mostly in remote areas, to develop further specific retention strategies – over and above those challenges that face all other industries and organisations. This should be done so that the reality of finite resources can be addressed in order to keep employees motivated and energised until the last ton is extracted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is altyd ‘n uitdaging in enige organisasie of industrie om die regte vaardighede te behou. Daar is baie redes vir die tekort aan vaardighede en dit is moeilik om bekwame mense te behou wanneer hulle wel gevind word. Die literatuur raai aan dat die retensie van vaardighede reeds in die ontwerp van en vereistes vir ‘n betrekking in ag geneem moet word, sowel as tydens die werwingsproses en nie eers na indiensneming van die werknemer nie. Die literatuur ondersoek ook retensie strategië wat toegepas kan word, soos bv. opvolgbeplanning, werknemerbetrokkenheid, balans tussen werk en vrye tyd, vergoedingstrukture en moontlikhede vir bevordering. Hierdie navorsing is beperk tot Tshikondeni steenkoolmyn en poog om vas te stel watter van die volgende die grootste bydraende faktore is waarom mense bedank en weggaan by die myn: • Lewensduur van die myn slegs tot 2014; • Afgesonderde ligging weg van essensële dienste; • Leierskap; en • Vergoeding. Uit die navorsing wat gedoen is, het dit duidelik geword dat die beperkte lewensduur van die myn die grootste bydraende faktor was waarom werknemers wou weggaan van Tshikondeni steenkoolmyn. Verdere navorsing word aanbeveel vir organisasies wat met beperkte hulpbronne, en hoofsaaklik in afgeleë gebiede, werk om verdere spesifieke retensie strategieë te ontwikkel – bo en behalwe dié wat vir ander industrieë en organisasies geld. Hierdeur kan die realiteit van beperkte hulpbronne aangespreek word om sodoende die motivering en aansporing van werknemers te verseker totdat die laaste ton verwerk is.
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Jordaan, Ilse. "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) associated with a platinum mine in the Limpopo Province, South Africa / Ilse Jordaan." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/995.
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South Africa ratified the Stockholm Convention (SC), which became legally binding on 17
May 2004. This Convention targets 12 particularly toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
for virtual elimination. The Convention also requires parties to reduce the release of
organochlorine pesticides and the intentionally- and unintentionally-produced POPs such as
dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (referred to as dioxin-like chemicals).
Dioxins are a heterogeneous mixture of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
(PCDD/Fs) congeners. These substances were never intentionally produced but are produced
as by-products of industrial processes (such as metallurgical processes and bleaching of paper
pulp). They can also be formed during natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and forest
fires. The largest contributor to releases of PCDD/Fs in the environment is incomplete
combustion from waste incinerators leading to the unintentional production of these
compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are used in transformers and capacitors, but
can also be formed unintentionally during industrial and thermal processes. Dioxin-like
chemicals (PCDD/Fs and/or PCBs) are classified as persistent because of the following
characteristics: lipophilicity and hydrophobicity; resistance to photolytic, chemical and
biological degradation and they are able to travel long distances. As South Africa is a semiarid
region, POPs will be less prone to travel here because these substances favour colder
regions with high soil organic matter.
Fish, predatory birds, mammals (including humans) absorb high concentrations of POPs
through the process of bio-concentration, leading to bio-accumulation of these substances in
the fatty tissue. PCDD/Fs occur as unwanted trace contaminants in air, water, land, in
residues and products (such as consumer goods e.g. paper and textiles). The distribution of
these chemicals into various matrices is problematic since they cause damage to the
environment and human health. These chemicals pose a threat to human health when found
in high concentrations that may lead to acute hepatoxicity and dermal toxicity (chloracne).
Long-term exposure to low concentrations of these substances might lead to chronic effects
such as reproductive problems and carcinogenicity.
Since ferrous and non-ferrous metal production is a source of dioxin-like chemicals, a
platinum mine in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, was selected for this investigation.
The aim of the study was to determine if there are dioxin-like chemicals associated with
platinum mining and processing, and if the H4IIE reporter gene bio-assay could be used to
semi-quantify and assess the potencies of the complex environmental and process samples by
determining their Toxic Equivalency Quotients (TEQ). The implications of the sources to the
formation of dioxin-like chemicals regarding the SC were investigated and recommendations
were made to improve this study.
Samples were collected from tailings dams, woodchips, a dumpsite and slag from the smelter
at Union Section. Samples were extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as
solvent. The percentage total organic carbon (%TOC) was determined for each sample to
normalise the data. The method used was the Walkley-Black method.
In determining the TEQ of each sample, the H4IIE luc cell line was used. The cells of the
H4IIE luc line are genetically modified rat hepatoma cells stably transfected with a luciferase
firefly gene. The luciferase gene is activated by the presence of dioxin-like compounds and
the concentration of the enzyme is measured as relative light units (RLUs). The amount of
RLUs is directly proportional to the dioxin load in the extract. This method is rapid, cost and
time-effective in determining the TEQ when compared to chemical analysis.
The TEQ2o-valuesin the various samples, as determined with the H4IIE luc cell line, ranged
from 0.007 ngTEQ/kg to 54.06 ngTEQ/kg. Thermal processes at the smelter, sorption of
hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) to soil and tailings, and external sources such as
anthropogenic activities contributed to high TEQ2o-values. Climatic conditions, wind,
precipitation, and solubility of HOCs into surfactants lead to low TEQ20. The smelter at
Union Section had a very high TEQ20of 44.62 ngTEQ/kg compared to Impala Platinum mine
(5.15 ngTEQ/kg). This implies that workers at Union Section are possibly exposed to low
and high concentrations of dioxin-like chemicals. Long-term exposure to these compounds
could lead to bio-accumulation in the fatty tissue of the mine workers, leading to chronic
effects such as reproductive problems and cancer. The air emission of the furnace at the
smelter was 0.03 gTEQ/annum and the release of the PCDD/Fs into the slag was 0.60
gTEQ/annum. By effectively managing the smelter it is possible to reduce the TEQ.
The TEQ of each sample increased due to normalising the data. The normalised TEQ20
ranged from 0.94 ng TEQ/kg to 42497.48 ngTEQ/kg.
Dioxin-like chemicals are present on a platinum mine, but at varying quantities and the effects
of these compounds might be detrimental to the environment and the workers at the platinum
mine. Further analyses of the health impacts associated with the platinum mine are needed.
The H4IIE reporter gene bio-assay could be used to effectively determine the TEQ of each
sample. Although this investigation has identified the formation and presence of dioxin-like
chemicals at certain stages of mining and processing, not all of the processes were
investigated. Some of these processes have the potential to add, and even destroy, these
chemicals, affecting potential human exposure and amounts released to the environment.
This, however, requires further investigation.
The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this
research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are
those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF.Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Debusho, T. K. "Safety in semi-urban schools of limpopo Province :A case of Mankweng Circuit." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1963.
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Thesis (M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2017Safety in schools is not only a South African issue, but a global challenge too. The study focused on safety in semi-urban schools of Limpopo Province, Mankweng Circuit. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that affect learners’ safety and to propose ways in which safe schools could be created so that these become centres of learning and where effective teaching takes place. A qualitative approach was used in this study via the use of a purposive sampling method. The sample for this study consisted of 3 learners selected from each 3 different schools. Data was collected through three methods: interviews, observations and written documents. Semi-structured interviews were used to interview learners. The present researcher took five to ten minutes to observe the school before starting the interviews. Substance abuse policy, Minutes for sub-committee for safety and Incidents of violence were used as written documents. The data collected was explicated using step-by-step guide. The study found that some schools in Mankweng Circuit are not safe. Fighting, stabbing, and using drugs and dagga, teenage pregnancy and threats take place on school premises and some of the learners even brought drugs and weapons into school premises. Results also indicated there is a strong partnership between parents and law enforcement agencies for instance polices are working together in the provision of safety measures in schools. As part of the study recommendations, all discarded materials such as broken chairs, tables and blackboards are stored far away from the learners’ classes and gate.
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Tuchten, Gwyneth Myfanwy. "Concept development for facilitating the health and safety efficacy of South African mine workers." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24196.
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The aim of this research is to inform conceptual approaches to health and safety (H&S) training for mineworkers in South Africa. The study focuses specifically on those mineworkers who have the least formal education or training, termed elementary workers (unskilled) and machinery operators and drivers (semi-skilled). It is an integrative literature review of sources drawn from mine health and safety in South Africa; self-efficacy; adult education and training (AET); education and training in mining; and relevant health promotion studies. The sources selected refer to work in the Southern African mine H&S context, or comparable situations. Compelling ideas and formulations for training are suggested in the literature of the different disciplines reviewed. A core concept considered is self-efficacy and the concept has substantial support in the literature. Both the term and concept of ‘self-efficacy’ have been used in South African and mining studies, but often without proper consideration of the sources of self-efficacy and its task- and context-specificity. The review reveals a lack of evidence of effective advocacy and training around generic mining occupational hazards, such as lung disease. H&S training is most evidently linked to operator training, which is aligned with unit-standards. However, substantial numbers of mineworkers lack adequate formal education for such training programmes, or the informal skills to be included via recognition of prior learning (RPL) processes. The proposed role of H&S representatives appears demanding, but the associated skills training outlined in public unit standards, lacks essential elements. The findings identify key considerations for an underpinning approach to H&S training for elementary mineworkers. These are: new learning required; risk perception and management; existing and associated logics; team ethos; maintaining new learning and practice; and a dialogic aspect to programmes. Additional findings suggest that the convergent effects of different policies result in the training of the least educated mineworkers being marginalised. The study concludes with six propositions that relate to the research and development of H&S training for mineworkers, public evidence of training, policy effects and the predicament of mineworkers who lack formal education.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Education Management and Policy Studies
unrestricted
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Mabasa, Layane Thomas. "A responsive evaluation approach in evaluating the safe schools and the child-friendly schools programmes in the Limpopo province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80061.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the use of a responsive evaluation approach in evaluating programme implementation: Safe Schools and the Child Friendly Schools Programmes. A case study design was adopted for use in the study. That was done by using Robert Stake’s responsive approach but modified to include: Stakeholder audience identification, consultation and issues exploration; Stakeholder concerns and issues analysis; Identification of evaluative standards and criteria; Designing and implementation of evaluation methodology; Data analysis and validation and Reporting. The study was done in two phases. Phase 1 focused on the Safe Schools Programme involving seven schools in the Capricorn district, Limpopo province. Preliminary results from phase 1 revealed that there was no implementation of the Safe Schools Programme. In phase 2 of the study the focus was on the implementation of Child Friendly Schools Programme. It involved three schools in the Capricorn and Waterberg districts, Limpopo province. Data collection was done by using three methods which are Observation, Interview and Documents. The results indicate that there is no implementation of the safe schools programme but there is implementation of the CFS programme. Although there is no implementation of the SSP, schools have initiated strategies to deal with safety issues. On the implementation of CFS programme, schools differed greatly in their approach. The study also documents the strengths, limitations and lessons learnt from the use of responsive evaluation approach as outlined by Robert Stake. The major contribution of the study is that Responsive Evaluation approach has gone through major changes over a period of time to the extent that its latter position seems to be contradicting some of its earlier positions. Further, evaluators should be patient, flexible and have listening, writing and observation skills when using the approach.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op die gebruik van ‘n responsiewe evalueringsbenadering in die evaluering van die programimplementering van die Veilige-skole- en die Kindvriendelike skoleprogramme. ‘n Gevallestudie ontwerp, naamlik Robert Stake se responsiewe benadering, is in die studie gebruik. Die benadering is aangepas om die volgende in te sluit: Identifikasie van die belanghebbende gehoor; konsultasie en eksplorasie van aangeleenthede; Analise van belanghebbended bekommernisse en vrae; identifisering van evalueringstandaarde en –kriteria; Ontwerp en implementering van evalueringsmetodologie; Data-analise en –validering, en verslagdoening. Die studie het in twee fases plaasgevind. Fase 1 het gefokus op die Veiligeskoleprogram wat sewe skole in die Capricorndistrik, Limpopo provinsie, insluit. Voorlopige resultate van Fase 1 het gewys dat daar geen implementering van die Veilige- skoleprogram was nie. In Fase 2 van die studie was die fokus op die implementering van ‘n Kindvriendelike Skoleprogram. Dit het drie skole in die Capricorn- en Waterbergdistrikte, Limpopoprovinsie, betrek. Data-insameling is gedoen deur gebruik te maak van drie metodes, te wete: waarneming, onderhoudvoering en dokumentering. Die resultate dui daarop dat daar geen implimentering van die Veilige -skoleprogram is, maar wel implimentering van die Kindvriendelike-skole-program. Alhoewel daar geen geen implimentering van die Veilige-skoleprogram was nie, het skole strategiee inisieer om veiligheidkwessies te hanteer. Wat die implementering van die Kind-vriendelike program betref, verskil skole grootliks in hul benadering. Die studie dokumenteer ook die sterkpunte, beperkings en lesse geleer uit die gebruik van die responsiewe evalueringsbenadering soos uiteengesit deur Robert Stake. Die hoofbydrae van die studie is dat die Responsiewe Evalueringsbenadering groot veranderings oor ‘n tydperk ondergaan het tot die mate dat die mees onlangse standpunte blyk om sommige van die vorige standpunte te weerspreek. Verder behoort evalueerders geduldig en plooibaar te wees, en oor luister, skryf- en waarnemingvaardighede te beskik by die gebruik van die benadering.
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Collinson, Wendy Jane. "A standardised protocol for roadkill detection and the determinants of roadkill in the greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002056.
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Despite evidence suggesting that road traffic is a major threat to biodiversity loss, very little is known about its actual impact on wildlife populations in South Africa. Globally, road density and traffic volumes are increasing, and although huge budgets are devoted to the construction and upgrading of roads, there is little or no allocation to mitigation measures for protecting fauna in most countries, particularly Africa. Further, no global standardised protocol exists for the rapid assessment of roadkill or the most economical and efficient approach for assessing roadkill rates. Using vehicle field trials, the reliability of detecting artificially deployed roadkill was assessed. Roadkill detection rates decreased significantly at speeds >50 km/h and were also significantly influenced by light conditions (i.e. detection success was greater when the sun was high) and the position of the roadkill on the road (i.e. smaller roadkill on verges were often missed). These results suggest that roadkill sampling was most effective between 1.5 hours after dawn and 1.5 hours before dusk and that driving at slower speeds (<50 km.h⁻ₑ) was required to detect roadkill. This protocol was implemented across three ecological seasons on a 100 km paved road and a 20 km unpaved road in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Driven daily over a 120-day period (three periods consisting each of 40 days), a total of 1,027 roadkill were recorded. These comprised 162 species from all terrestrial vertebrate groups with birds being the most commonly encountered roadkill (50% of all incidents). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic could have potentially unsustainable impacts on wildlife populations and hence the biodiversity of the area. Seventeen variables were identified as possible determinants of roadkill occurrence with season, rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, habitat type, grass height, grass density, fence type and vehicle type significantly influencing roadkill numbers. Significantly more roadkill were detected on the paved road (9.91/100km) than on the unpaved road (1.8/100km) probably because of greater traffic volumes and the increased speed that vehicles travelled on the paved road. Warmer temperatures and increased rainfall in the preceding 24 hours also increased road mortality numbers as animals tended to become more active during these times. Interestingly, more roadkill was detected in open roadside habitats compared to dense roadside habitats on both the paved and unpaved roads and when grass on the roadside verge was of intermediate height. Open habitat possibly may provide a natural corridor for wildlife which ultimately end up on the road. Roadkill numbers increased when certain other physical barriers, such as cattle fences, were present, probably because these barriers were more penetrable than electric fencing. A series of mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impacts of roads on wildlife in South Africa. These mitigation measures highlight the need to address the balance between the development of a country’s transport infrastructure and the conservation of its fauna. It is important that research on the impacts of roads becomes standardised to enable robust statistical comparisons which will provide a greater understanding of the potential threats to vertebrate biodiversity
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Magoro, Flora Madinane. "Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding personal protective equipment amongst Stevens Lumber Mills empolyees in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/773.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012The purpose of this study was to establish whether PPE were used effectively, and to determine the knowledge about, attitude towards and practices of PPE by SLM employees. A quantitative research study was conducted using a questionnaire to gather data from employees who were working in a production area and who were exposed to possible occupational injuries and diseases. Two hundred and six employees responded to the questionnaire. The findings revealed that employees demonstrated inadequate knowledge about PPE and compliance while using PPE was not satisfactory. Conclusion There was an inappropriate response to the majority of the questions which indicated that the respondents had little understanding of PPE. They also demonstrated a negative attitude, and non-use of PPE. Key words: knowledge, attitude, practice, personal protective equipment
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Mashamba, Takalani Joyce. "The knowledge, attitude and perception concerning occupational health and safety among staff in the technical division of the Turfloop campus, University of Limpopo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2646.
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Gana, Shalati. "Evaluation of implementation of food safety legislation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1349.
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Thesis ( MPH.) --University of Limpopo,2014.Introduction: To evaluate the food safety legislation (FSL) implementation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani district in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted. Sampling: A questionnaire was distributed to abattoir managers of various red meat abattoirs. From 16 abattoirs with a population 169, a sample of 22 was selected. Results: The study revealed that 77% managers were male. Majority of managers were aged 40 and 59 years. Work experience was between 20 to 25 years. Educational background: thirty seven percent (37%) of managers hold certificates on various disciplines, mostly not food safety related. Fifty-four percent (54%) managers did not have food safety knowledge. Fifty-nine percent (59%) abattoirs did not comply with food safety practices. Twenty seven percent (27%) of the structures did not comply with R.1072. The pieces of FSL were less implemented by DoH&SD and DTI. Hygiene Management Systems showed slow progress. Sixty-four percent (64%) abattoirs did not receive training on HMS and PRPs. Very few abattoirs had multi-disciplinary skilled personnel to implement FSL. Abattoirs were reluctant to financial commitment to implement FSL. Eighty two percent (82%) of abattoirs did not involve all stakeholder during planning and decision making process. Conclusion: The red meat abattoirs of Mopani district did not comply with all standards and requirements of food safety legislation. Factors such as educational background in basics of food safety principles, involvement of role players during implementation process, prevented successful implementation of food safety legislation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani district. Food safety knowledge and practices of management and malpractice of FSL were determined, results showed that majority lack adequate food safety knowledge and poor food safety practices were identified. One of the recommendation was to establish FSL enforcement forum to develop a FSL strategy.
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Tshehla, Cheledi Evans. "Determination of heavy metal composition of particulate matter in a typical chrome and platinum mine area in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77890.
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The Greater Tubatse Municipality (GTM) is found in the northern part of the Sekhukhune District
Municipality in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is an area plagued by poor air quality resulting
from the activities of chrome and platinum mining, ferrochrome smelters, agricultural and forestry
activities, domestic and waste burning practices, as well as vehicular traffic and road dust. This study
aimed to contribute to current knowledge on the characteristics and sources of ambient particulate matter
(PM) in the area. It also sought to identify the relevant sources, the chemical composition of the pollution
stemming from these sources, the amount that each source contributes to PM and the influence of
meteorological processes on the spatial distribution of PM in the GTM.
PM, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured using inexpensive University of North Carolina gravimetric passive
samplers. Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to characterise the mass
concentrations of the PM. The mean annual concentration values for PM10 for the various measurement
sites in the area were: Site 1 (32.02 μg.cm-3), Site 2 (31.28 μg.cm-3), Site 3 (38.11 μg.cm-3), Site 4 (24.1
μg.cm-3), Site 5(24.65 μg.cm-3), and Site 5 (20.98 μg.cm-3). These values were below the South African
annual NAAQS of 40 μg.cm-3. The PM2.5 mean annual concentrations were as follows: Site 1 (11.8
μg.cm-3), Site 2 (4.7 μg.cm-3), Site 3 (4.8 μg.cm-3), Site 4 (3.0 μg.cm-3), Site 5(3.2 μg.cm-3), and Site 5
(2.5 μg.cm-3). The annual PM2.5 concentration was below the South African annual NAAQS of 20
μg.cm-3.
The spatial interpolation of PM chemical components showed that metal concentrations were highest
closer to the industrial facilities with annual chromium concentrations exceeding the New Zealand
annual limits for both Cr(III) (0.11 μg.cm-3) and Cr(IV) (0.0011 μg.cm-3) in the study area which is
dominated by chromium mining and ferrochrome smelters. The HYSPLIT model was run to determine
the regional and trans-boundary air transport to the receptor locations. The HYSPLIT cluster transport
pathways indicated both regional and trans-boundary transport of air masses from the North-West
Province in South Africa, Zambia (passing over the Limpopo Province in South Africa), Zimbabwe
(passing over Limpopo Province), Mozambique and the Indian Ocean (passing over Northern KwaZulu-
Natal Province and Swaziland).
The TAPM model and GIS software were used to determine the distribution of PM10 from industrial
point sources and to consider their possible impacts on human health using modelled hourly data.
Meteorological parameters such as Monin-Obukhov length, mixing height, ventilation coefficient and
air pollution potential calculated using the TAPM model output data were unable to accurately predict
the spatial variability of PM and its chemical components in a complex terrain. Source contributions were analysed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The average
source contribution in the study area were vehicle (15.1%), chrome smelter (17.3%), industrial coal
combustion (19.7%), wood combustion (24.5%) and crustal material (23.6%). The PM10 spatial
distribution from industrial sources showed the highest concentration of 27.3 μg.cm-3. The seasonal
distribution indicated that PM10 was high during winter (27.3 μg.cm-3) and low in autumn (15.2 μg.cm-
3). The overall PM10 distribution was to the west and south-west of the industrial point sources.
The findings from this study on chemical composition, source profiling and source apportionment, and
the analysis of the possible impacts from industrial point sources described here can inform the
development and implementation of cost-effective strategies to mitigate the scourge of air pollution
encountered in South Africa and many other low- and middle-income countries.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
PhD
Unrestricted
15
Van, der Merwe J. O. "A description of the process followed by Tshikondeni Coal Mine to ensure a competent workforce." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52076.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful organisations keep a well-balanced fit between their strategy, structure, processes, reward system and culture. Any significant change in any of the elements requires management to rethink and probably redesign the rest of the elements. Tshikondeni Coal Mine went through various changes the last few years. These changes were brought about by, amongst other things, a re-engineering project, production expansion and the appointment of new management A significant portion of the employees was newly appointed. Some of the older employees were appointed in other positions, or were required to do different work. Tshikondeni had to make sure that employees were equipped with the needed competency to do their job to the required standard and in a safe manner. The process started by ensuring that employees' medical profile fit that required by their jobs. They were also trained in identifying the hazards associated with their jobs and how to minimise exposure to risks. The gap between the competencies required for each job and that possessed by the job incumbent was identified. Training was designed to fill the identified gaps. Iscor management's annual salary increase is performance driven. The process of designing post profiles, competency documents and personal performance contracts is described. The link between the personal performance contract, the annual salary increase and the personal development plan is discussed. There is still no clear link between the annual salary increase of operational employees and their performance. Plans are in place to eventually reward all employees on a performance driven basis. The training section on Tshikondeni Mine was designed to support business objectives. It is also aligned with the trends experienced in modern training. The section, amongst other things, caters (through the use of an interactive multi media system) for the bulk of mining employees who can't read or write. All training information is kept on a central database. Employees must not only be able to do their job, but also willing or motivated to do it. Management created a work and home environment conducive towards motivated employees. A psychosocial study was done to. determine how employees and their families felt towards their environment. The results helped management to focus energy where problems were identified. Problems and pitfalls encountered during the process to ensure competency are discussed. The process followed by the mine is elucidated with modern trends, statements, remarks and suggestions found in literature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoë prestasie organisasies se strategië, strukture, prosesse, vergoedingstelsels en kultuur is in balans met dit wat sukses voorskryf. Enige wesenlike verandering in enige van die elemente kan veroorsaak dat die res van die elemente herbesoek en moontlik herontwerp moet word. Tshikondeni Steenkoolmyn het groot veranderinge oor die afgelope aantal jare beleef. Hierdie veranderinge was onder andere veroorsaak deur en proses herontwerp, produksie uitbreiding en die aanstelling van nuwe bestuur. en Beduidende hoeveelheid van wernemers was nuut aangestel. Van die ouer werknemers was aangestel in nuwe poste of was verwag om nuwe take te verrig. Tshikondeni moes verseker dat werknemers toegerus was met die nodige bevoegdheid om die werk te kan doen volgens die verlangde standaard en op en veilige manier. Die proses was begin deur te verseker dat werknemers se persoonlike mediese profiel pas by die profiel benodig deur hulle poste. Hulle was opgelei in die identifisering van gevaar in hulle werksomgewing en hoe om die risiko van blootstelling aan die gevaar te minimeer. Die gaping tussen werknemers se bevoegdhede en dié verlang deur hulle poste was geïdentifiseer. Opleiding was ontwikkel om die gapings aan te spreek. Iscor Bestuur ontvang jaarliks enprestasie gebasseerde salaris verhoging. Die proses wat gevolg is met die ontwerp van pos profiele, bevoegdheidsdokumente en persoonlike prestasiekontrakte word beskryf. me verhouding tussen die persoonlike prestasie kontrak, die jaarlikse salaris aanpassing en die persoonlike ontwikkelingsplan word bespreek. Daar is tans nie en duidelike ooreenkoms tussen die jaarlikse salaris aanpassing wat bedryfspersoneel ontvang en hulle prestasievlakke nie. Iscor het wel planne in plek om uiteindelik aan alle werknemers In prestasie gebasseerde vergoeding te betaal. Die opleidingseksie op Tshikondeni is ontwerp om besigheidsdoelwitte te ondersteun. Dit is ook belyn met moderne neigings met betrekking tot opleiding. Die seksie bedien, onder andere die grootste gedeelte van mynbou werknemers wat nie kan lees en skryf nie (met behulp van In interaktiewe multi media stelsel). Alle opleidings inligting word gestoor op In sentrale databasis. Werknemers moet nie net in staat wees om hul werk te kan doen nie, maar moet ook gemotiveerd wees om die werk te wil doen. Bestuur streef daarna om In werk- en huis omgewing te skep wat werknemers motiveer. In Psigososiale studie is gedoen om te bepaal hoe dat wememers en hulle gesinne voel ten opsigte van hulle omgewing. Die resultate het gehelp om bestuur se aandag en energie te fokus om probleme op te los. Probleme en slaggate ondervind tydens die bevoegdheidsproses word bespreek. Die proses gevolg word toegelig met moderne neigings, stellings, opmerkings en voorstelle soos wat gevind word in die literatuur.
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McLeod, Ashley. "The contribution of leadership behaviour in creating a safety conscious organisational culture : a case study of Anglo American mining operations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/973.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 20th century, many employees in the South African mining industry were involved in occupational accidents which either resulted in personal injury or had fatal consequences. Despite the introduction of numerous industrial safety programmes to prevent fatal incidents and minor injuries, the South African mining industry death toll remains consistently high, at approximately 200 employees per annum. The trend of employee injury and death continues unabated into the new millennium. This safety performance has been met with growing dissatisfaction in the ranks of government, worker unions, employees and business stakeholders. This dissatisfaction is directed at chief executives who are being blamed for the occupational accidents on their mines. There is now growing focus on the leadership of mining companies and how it contributes to shaping an organisational culture for improved safety performance. The researcher examines whether leadership is a key component in creating a safety conscious organisational culture, and uses literature studies and the Anglo American mining company as a practical case study to support the investigation. Anglo American, listed on the Johannesburg and London stock exchanges is the largest mining company in South Africa and also one in which many fatal injuries have occurred; providing an abundance of safety information. The researcher reviews previous literature studies and explains the journey Anglo American undertook to improve its safety performance since listing on the London Stock Exchange in 1999. The concepts of organisational culture, safety culture, leadership and organisational performance, are discussed from a theoretical and practical perspective using literature studies. These are then examined with the ultimate view of understanding their practical impact on organisational safety as espoused in the literature. The literature provides a broad framework on which to assess Anglo American's safety journey from 1999 to the end of 2007. This journey details the safety programmes and efforts employed by Anglo American to eliminate fatalities and injuries and also highlights the impact of the organisation's leadership on the safety performance of the company. It is concluded that the contribution of leadership is pivotal to establishing a safety-conscious organisational culture and that specific behaviours from executives, senior managers, middle managers, supervisors and workers are needed to develop an organisations safety culture for improved safety performance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die 20ste eeu was baie werkers in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbedryf betrokke in beroepsverwante ongelukke wat tot persoonlike beserings of lewensverlies gelei het. Ten spyte van die instelling van veelvuldige beroeps-veiligheidsprogramme om noodlottige insidente en ander minder ernstige beserings te voorkom, bly die dodetal in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbedryf konstant hoog, teen ongeveer 200 werkers per jaar. Hierdie tendens van dood en beserings onder werkers gaan ongetem voort tot in die nuwe millennium. Hierdie veiligheidsrekord word met toenemende ontevredenheid deur die regering, werkers-vakbonde, werkers en bedryfsinsethouers beskou. Hierdie ontevredenheid word gemik op uitvoerende bestuur, wie blameer word vir beroepsverwante ongelukke in hul myne. Daar word dus toenemend gefokus op die leierskap van mynmaatskappye en hoe dit bydra tot die skepping van 'n organisasiekultuur van verbeterde veiligheidsuitslae. Die navorser ondersoek die vraag of leierskap 'n kern komponent is in die daarstelling van 'n veiligheids-bewuste organisasiekultuur, en maak gebruik van literatuurstudies sowel as Anglo American mynmaatskappy as 'n praktiese gevallestudie om sy ondersoek te ondersteun. Anglo American is die grootste mynmaatskappy in Suid-Afrika en ook die een waar baie noodlottige ongelukke voorgekom het, en dus 'n groot bron van veiligheidsinligting kan voorsien. Die navorser hersien teoretiese literatuurstudies en verduidelik dan die optrede van Anglo American om sy veiligheidsrekords te verbeter sedert sy noteering op die Londonse Effektebeurs in 1999. Die konsep van organisasiekultuur, veiligheidskultuur, leierskap en organisasieprestasie, word bespreek vanuit 'n teoretiese en praktiese perspektief met behulp van literatuurstudies en hierdie word bestudeer met die uiteindelike doel om die praktiese impak daarvan in industrie te verstaan soos uiteengesit in die literatuur. Die literatuur voorsien 'n breë raamwerk waarteen Anglo American se veiligheidstog gemeet kan word vanaf 1999 tot einde 2007. Hierdie tog verskaf detail van hoe Anglo American veiligheidsprogramme gebruik het om noodlottigge ongelukke en beserings uit te skakel en beklemtoon ook die impak van die organisasie se leierskap op die veiligheidsrekord van die maatskappy. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die bydrae van leierskap kern is tot die daarstelling van 'n veiligheidsbewuste kultuur en dat spesifieke optredes van hoofbestuurders, seniorbestuurders, middelvlakbestuurders, opsieners en werkers nodig is om 'n veiligheidskultuur te bewerkstellig om veiligheid in maatskappye te verbeter.
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Muthelo, Livhuwani. "Factors that contribute to noise-induced hearing loss amongst employees at the Bokoni Platinum Mine in the Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2019.
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Mhlongo, Sphiwe Emmauel. "Development of a modeling framework for design of low-cost and appropriate rehabilitation strategies for Nyala abandoned mine." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/96.
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Mavhunga, Khuthalo. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of coal mineworkers pertaining to Occupational Health and Safety at the Leeuwpan Mine in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1183.
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MPHDepartment of Public of Health
The occupational health and safety of coal mine workers is one of the major occupational challenges in the mining industry. Coal mine workers face the looming perils of potential falls of volatile rocks, the ergonomic challenges caused by bending and lifting heavy objects in their daily work, the challenges caused by inhaling coal mine dust which can cause coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and a plethora of other hazards in both underground and open cast mines on a daily basis. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of coal mineworkers pertaining to occupational health and safety at the Leeuwpan mine in Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design. Self-reported questionnaires with closed-ended questions were administered to the eligible participants. The study targeted the 3200 coal mineworkers who were employed at the Leeuwpan mine in Lephalale. A sample of 356 mineworkers was used as derived from Slovin’s formula and data was collected over a period of 5 days at the Leeuwpan mine. Measures to ensure validity and reliability were ensured and ethical considerations were observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyse the data. Results and recommendations are based on the findings of the study.
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Sigxashe, Sibulele. "Evaluation of strategies for rehabilitation of selected abandoned/historic mine sites in the Giyani Greenstone Belt, Limpopo Province of South Africa." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1547.
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MENVSCDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
Mining has historically been the mainstay of the South African economy and has both shaped its social and environmental fabric. However, it has left the country with a negative legacy of abandoned mines that present environmental problems, and public health and safety concerns. The common physical and environmental problems of most of these abandoned mines are associated with open shafts, unstable slopes of waste dumps and pits, and dilapidated mine infrastructure. Even though the problems of these abandoned mines are known, little has been done to rehabilitate these mines. Some attempts have been made to rehabilitate mine openings but efforts to rehabilitate features such as mine waste dumps and dilapidated infrastructure has been woefully inadequate. The reasons for ineffective rehabilitation measures may include inappropriate measures that are used in rehabilitation of the abandoned mines, lack of financial resources to carry out the rehabilitation and the need to prioritize abandoned mine features and mine sites for rehabilitation in view of the fact that there are many of these abandoned mines that require urgent attention and resources to rehabilitate them are limited. It is therefore important that practicable rehabilitation strategies are developed and used to rehabilitate mine features and sites to provide long-lasting solutions to the physical, environmental, and social problems. This study focused on the evaluation of strategies for rehabilitation of selected abandoned mine sites in the Giyani Greenstone Belt. The approach used in this study involved conducting a detailed field inventory and characterization to establish the nature and seriousness of the physical and environmental conditions of the selected abandoned/historic mining sites in Giyani Greenstone Belt. Field inventory and characterization involved traversing around the mine-site to locate and describe abandoned mine features. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used in capturing the absolute location of the identified major abandoned mine features such as open mine shafts, tailings dump, and dilapidated infrastructure. Each of the identified mine features was critically analyzed by scoring and ranking the associated hazards. The scoring focused on the source of the hazard, exposure pathways, and possible damage that might be caused by the hazard. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pugh Matrix were used to devise a multi-criteria framework for evaluating mine site rehabilitation strategies. AHP method was utilized to evaluate the significance of the deciding factors and the Pugh Matrix to relatively compare the strategies for the selection of the appropriate rehabilitation options. The results of the study showed that the best approach to effectively address the physical and environmental hazards at Louis Moore and Klein Letaba abandoned mines of the Giyani Greenstone Belt was to give priority to extremely hazardous open mine shafts and tailings dumps. Mine shafts present a high risk of falling and drowning in water in the mine workings. Such risks are likely to lead to death with no hope of recovery of the body. The next mine features to be rehabilitated are the tailings dumps since they have relatively less physical hazards but extremely high environmental hazards. Abandoned mine infrastructure was found to be less hazardous and should, therefore, receive the least attention. The preferred rehabilitation strategies for abandoned mines features were evaluated after a comprehensive characterization of the site, this was done to ensure that the selected strategy addresses both physical and environmental problems identified on the site. Based on the results of evaluation, backfilling was selected to be the most suitable rehabilitation strategy for mine shafts as it has a very high potential to eliminate the risks of people falling into the mine shaft and the chances of water contamination by abandoned mine shafts. The most ideal rehabilitation option for tailings dumps was revegetation, since it ensures the safety of the site after implementation and minimizes the future environmental impacts such as the discharge of contaminants to the nearby environment. The most preferred rehabilitation strategy for dilapidated abandoned infrastructure in the study area was the demolition of the infrastructure, this strategy will improve the safety status of the mine sites and make the land they occupy available for other traditional post-mining land uses. It was concluded that the approach of prioritizing the extremely and moderately hazardous abandoned mine features is appropriate for use in developing countries where there are numerous abandoned mines and limited resources to rehabilitate them. This will go a long way in ensuring that characterization and rehabilitation of the abandoned mine features are effectively carried out within the constraints of resources.
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Rembuluwani, Ndivhudzanyi. "Development of an integrated approach of dealing with challenges of selected small-scale rock aggregate mines in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/829.
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Keyser, Karin. "The concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor performance compared to safe working behaviour of machine operations in a platinum mine." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6118.
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The researcher selected a quantitative cross-sectional design to test the concurrent validity of learning
potential and psychomotor ability by evaluating the relationships between mining machine operators’
learning potential and psychomotor ability as well as their work safety behaviour. Work safety behaviour
was considered indicative of their capability to operate a moving machine. The utilization of measuring
instruments capable of measuring their learning potential and psychomotor ability and measuring safety
behaviour by means of their safety score cards provided the required measurement data. The study
involved a quantitative investigation into the relationship between learning potential and psychomotor
ability as independent variables and safety behaviour as dependent variable.
De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport (2002, p.79) defined quantitative research as “based on positivism,
which takes scientific explanation to be nomothetic. Its main aims are to measure the social world
objectively, to test hypotheses and to predict and explain human behaviour. A quantitative study may
therefore be defined as an inquiry into social or human problems based on testing a theory composed of
variables, measured with numbers and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether
the predictive generalization of the theory holds true.”
The aim of the study was to determine the learning potential and psychomotor ability of mining machine
operators as well as compare the following sub-groups (based on the biographical variables): age, years’
experience, educational level and gender. The respondents’ work safety behaviour was measured and
the relationship between the two measures of the independent variables (learning potential and
psychomotor ability) and work safety behaviour determined.Industrial & Organisational Psychology
(M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))
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Keyser, Karin. "The concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor performance compared to safe working behavior of machine operators in a platinum mine." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6118.
Full textAbstract:
The researcher selected a quantitative cross-sectional design to test the concurrent validity of learning
potential and psychomotor ability by evaluating the relationships between mining machine operators’
learning potential and psychomotor ability as well as their work safety behaviour. Work safety behaviour
was considered indicative of their capability to operate a moving machine. The utilization of measuring
instruments capable of measuring their learning potential and psychomotor ability and measuring safety
behaviour by means of their safety score cards provided the required measurement data. The study
involved a quantitative investigation into the relationship between learning potential and psychomotor
ability as independent variables and safety behaviour as dependent variable.
De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport (2002, p.79) defined quantitative research as “based on positivism,
which takes scientific explanation to be nomothetic. Its main aims are to measure the social world
objectively, to test hypotheses and to predict and explain human behaviour. A quantitative study may
therefore be defined as an inquiry into social or human problems based on testing a theory composed of
variables, measured with numbers and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether
the predictive generalization of the theory holds true.”
The aim of the study was to determine the learning potential and psychomotor ability of mining machine
operators as well as compare the following sub-groups (based on the biographical variables): age, years’
experience, educational level and gender. The respondents’ work safety behaviour was measured and
the relationship between the two measures of the independent variables (learning potential and
psychomotor ability) and work safety behaviour determined.Industrial and Organisational Psychology
M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Juma, James Onyango. "African worldviews : their impact on psychopathology and psychological couselling." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5760.
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This study investigates the role that African traditional beliefs and practices play in defining psychological problems, determines how these beliefs and practices manifest in a counselling relationship and explores how Western based forms of counselling manage these manifestations in counselling. This investigation is in the context of the on-going debate on the relevance of Western Psychological counselling in South Africa and the rest of Africa, including my experience during my internship to register as a Counsellor. It explores the impact of conducting counselling with clients whose worldviews are different from those of the counsellor and focuses on the impact of the client’s worldviews on psychological well-being, psychological ill health and the resolution of psychological problems. Psychological well-being, ill health and counselling were discussed from a Western perspective.
The study found that the client participants defined their psychological problems in terms of their African traditional beliefs and practices. They communicated their presenting psychological problems in ways that created possibility of miscommunication between themselves and their counsellors, for example by using figurative language. There was also a clear distinction between how psychological problems are managed from an African traditional perspective (ritualistic) and a Western perspective (talking therapy). The study recommended the creation of specific departments in Universities to embark on research aimed at establishing foundational structures on which to build an African Indigenous Psychology as an alternative to Western Psychology.
More comprehensive research on African people’s attitudes is, suggested, on what traditional Africans think of psychological counselling. Another recommendation accruing from the limitation on sampling in this study is that future studies should be conducted with larger and more diverse samples; moreover, data should be gathered on a wider variety of demographics and cultural belief systems and practices.
To counter prejudice and ignorance, the counsellor ‘to be’ should study African culture and customs during their BA Honours studies. On-going training and workshops on cross-cultural issues from various cultures should be part of the counselling profession. More emphasis should be placed on prevention and therefore more mental health clinics in the rural areas need to be opened and general education on psychological issues and cultural integration be initiated.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Matidza, Murendeni. "Green synthesis of geopolymeric materials using Musina Copper Mine Tailings: a case of beneficial management of mine tailings." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1467.
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MENVSCDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
Mine tailings (MT) have been a global problem due to the environmental impacts the waste generates such as air, soil and water pollution. The detrimental impacts include a global problem such as acid mine drainage (AMD) which has been difficult to cleanup. Several studies have been conducted to find alternative measures in reducing or mitigating impacts such as AMD and air pollution. Several studies have revealed how alumino-silicate mineral waste can be used as raw material to produce construction materials. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of synthesizing a geopolymer material from Musina copper mine tailings. Tailings were characterized for their physicochemical and mineralogical compositions using standard laboratory techniques in order to evaluate suitability in geopolymerization. First section of the results presented physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of the Musina copper tailings together with the bioavailability of the chemical species. It was observed that the tailings are mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3 as the major oxides indicating that they are aluminosilicate material. Mineralogical analysis revealed dominance of quartz, epidote and chlorite as the major minerals. The bioavailability assessment showed that largely Cu and Ca are bioavailable and highly soluble in an aqueous solution while Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Cr and Fe have a high proportion in non-labile phase. Second section presented the preliminary results wherein the potential application of Musina copper tailings in geopolymerization was evaluated. The results showed that Musina copper tailings can be used to synthesize a geopolymer material. However, it was recommended that several parameters influencing geopolymerization need to be evaluated. The third section presented the evaluation of optimum parameters that influence the geopolymerization process, which include type of alkali activators, alkali activator concentration, curing temperature, liquid-solid (L/S) ratio and curing regime. It was observed that a mixture of NaOH:Na2SiO3.5H20 at a ratio of 70:30 yields a better geopolymer material. The concentration of 10 M NaOH:Na2SiO3.5H20 at a ratio of 70:30 was observed to be the best that yielded the UCS that is acceptable according to SANS1215 standards. When evaluating curing regime, it was found that the material cured using greenhouse has lower UCS as compared to the material cured using oven. The v effect of temperature showed that the UCS decreases with increasing curing temperature. An admixture of river sand and cement was introduced which resulted in a high UCS of 21.16 MPa when using an admixture of cement. The mineralogical composition of the geopolymer bricks showed formation of secondary minerals such as phlogopite, fluorapatite, diopside and actinolite. Batch leaching conducted on the geopolymer bricks detected high leaching of Na from the bricks. Based on the findings of the study of the raw MT potential to produce geopolymer bricks, it was concluded that the material can be used to produce bricks that are within the SANS 1215 requirements. The study further recommended that the study a focus on using cylindrical moulds, other alkali activators and a mechanical mixer. It was also recommended that the greenhouse be restructured to contain heat within the greenhouse during the evening so as to allow constant temperature within
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Molokela, Mmatshela Dorcus. "Supervision of learners as an aspect of school safety." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10343.
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Ngoetjane, Pitsi Christopher. "Interaction of gold mine taillings leachates with soil and geochemical partitioning of toxic metal species." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/363.
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"Origin of high-grade hematite ores at Thabazimbi Mine, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1965.
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M.Sc.High-grade hematite ores at the Thabazimbi Mine, Limpopo Province, occur as stratabound bodies in the Early Paleoproterozoic Penge Iron Formation of the Transvaal Supergroup. Iron ores occur at three distinct positions in the Penge Iron Formation (i) basal ore bodies located immediately above a thin oxidised shale unit that marks the base of the Penge Iron Formation in the Thabazimbi area and that may be interpreted as a structural contact towards the underlying dolostones of the Malmani Subgroup; (ii) ore bodies developed immediately above a prominent mafic sill in the Penge Iron Formation; (iii) small, lenticular ore bodies developed in the iron-formation without apparent structural control. Ore bodies in all three stratigraphic positions formed on the expense of the Penge Iron Formation protore, they share very similar mineralogical and textural attributes and can be subdivided into three major ore types with respect to their mineralogy and physical characteristics, namely, (a) carbonate-hematite ore; (b) hard hematite ore; (c) supergene modified ore. Further subdivision into subtypes is possible based on textural attributes. The first stage of iron ore formation at the Thabazimbi deposit is marked by oxidation of ferrous minerals (carbonates and grunerite) and their replacement by hematite. Efficient leaching and replacement of chert in the iron-formation to produce high-grade hematite ores characterizes the second stage of alteration. Stable isotope and fluid inclusion evidence point to a hydrothermal origin of the iron ores. Two hydrothermal fluids were identified, namely a highly saline Ca-Mg-rich brine (S = 27 wt% NaClequiv, TH = 160ºC) and a Nadominated fluid of intermediate salinity (S = 10 wt% NaClequiv, TH = 130ºC) that is possibly of meteoric origin. The results obtained in this study are used to propose the following sequence of mineralising events for the Thabazimbi iron ore deposit: (i) Deposition of iron-formation and diagenesis; (ii) contact metamorphic alteration related to the intrusion of the Bushveld igneous complex; (iii) metasomatic oxidation, leaching and residual upgrading that is tentatively linked to structurallycontrolled hydrothermal fluid flow; (iv) supergene modification of existing high-grade ore bodies in post-Gondwana times along the old African land surface.
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Mukwevho, Michael Nngodiseni. "Compliance level of street food vendors regarding food hygiene and safety in Thulamela Local Municipality." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1142.
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MPHDepartment of Public Health
Introduction: Street food vending is a source of income for billions of people around the world. In most developing countries, including South Africa street food is popular. However, most street food has been linked to outbreaks of foodborne illness. The assessment was based on the general hygiene requirement stipulated in R962 of November 2012 framed under Foodstuff cosmetics and Disinfectant Act of 1972 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess compliance of street food vendors with food and safety regulations in Thulamela Municipality. Method: The study used a quantitative, cross- sectional survey, descriptive design. A convenience sampling was used to sample 155 street food vendors. Data was collected using two instruments; namely, a self-administered questionnaire and an observation checklist. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.Validity and Reliability will be ensured and measures to ensure ethical considerations were adhered to. Results: A total of 155 street food vendors participated in the study. Most of the street food vendors were in the age group 25- 30 years. There were more females than males. Furthermore, the majority of street food vendors had experience of 5-10 years. The majority (n=61; 39.4%) of street food vendors were operating in Thohoyandou, while some (n=25.8%)operated in Sibasa and forty others (25.8%) operated in Shayandima. Forty-five (29%) of them were illiterate, fifty (32, 3%) did primary education, thirty two (20.6%) had secondary education, four (2.6%) had a matric certification and twenty- four (15.5%) had vocational training. More than half of the In regard to knowledge items on preventing foodborne vendors (n=100; 64.5%) did not attend food hygiene training while (n=55; 35.5%) did. Lastly about a third most (n=48; 31%) of the street food vendors were selling their food in the transport terminals. The survey results indicate that street food vendors exhibited high levels of knowledge regarding items pertaining to hand hygiene. Therefore street food vendors were highly knowledgeable with regard to how much time should be spent when washing hands with soap, the correct way of stopping bleeding while at work, important measures to keep germs away from the food, hand washing and methods of drying hands. However, the street food vendors displayed poor knowledge with regard to reasons why they should dry their hands. Regarding knowledge items on preventing foodborne illnesses, the street food vendors were knowledgeable about the symptoms that make a street food vendors stay away from the workplace, that the best way to destroy any harmful germs is to cook food to the right temperature, that a combination of washing hands, using gloves and keeping food at the right temperature are ways of preventing food borne illnesses. However, street food vendors displayed some knowledge gaps with regard to the correct detergents for washing vessels and why food handlers require some knowledge on food hygiene. A total of 155 vending stalls were observed. The results from the checklist indicated that three quarters (n=116; 75%) of the stalls were protected from the sun, wind and dust. In addition, about (n=136; 87.7%) of the stalls did not have direct access to potable water. Furthermore, about (115; 74.2 %) did not have adequate hand washing facilities and 141(91%) did not have waste disposal facilities. Animals, flies and insects were indeed evident around the stalls in 124(80%) of the 155 stalls. In addition the majority of street food handlers (136; 87.7%) did not wash their hands before preparing food. Regarding hand washing after using toilet, all of the vendors said that they washed their hands each time after visiting the toilet. This was not confirmed as the researcher did not follow the vendors into the toilets. More than three quarters (120; 77%) of the food handlers operated in clean clothes. However, only 39(25%) used an apron when handling food, while 124(80%) did not use gloves to handle food and only 24(15%) used disposable gloves. Although the street food vendors complied with wearing clean clothes, they did not consistently wear aprons and they also used bare hands to touch food. Conclusion: Although the street food vendors were knowledgeable about food hygiene and safety practices, the majority displayed poor hygienic practice and prepared food on unhygienic sites.
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Bvindi, Abidence. "Assessment of soil erosion hazard around the abandoned mine in formerly Mutale Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1350.
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MENVSC (Geography)Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences
Environmental degradation is a quite familiar factor of the mining industry that has been associated with South African mining industry from the beginning. The decommissioning of abandoned mines before the environment legislation, The National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 and the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act 23 of 2002, was introduced is of great concern as the abandonment of mines without appropriate remediation and pollution monitoring was the result. Soil erosion has been recognised as an environmental hazard that emanates from abandoned mines. This study seeks to assess the soil erosion hazard around Nyala abandoned mine. The modified method of Soil Loss Estimation Model for Southern Africa (SLEMSA), for assessing soil erosion hazard, was used to estimate the spatial variation of erosion to achieve the goal of the study. Parameters that were considered for the model include relief (Slope steepness, S & slope length, L), soil erodibility (Fb), vegetation cover (C) and rainfall erosivity (E). Soil samples were collected from the field and; sieve and hydrometer analysis was conducted to determine the erodibility factor value of the study area. The model was run in a GIS environment (ArcGIS) and the parameters were multiplied to generate a soil erosion hazard map for the abandoned Nyala mine area. Results from the study indicated that 74.3 % of the watershed experiences low to moderate erosion hazard, with an estimated annual soil loss of 2.76 tons/ha/yr. The low rates of soil erosion in most parts of the watershed are associated with the low topographic ratio and low rainfall erosivity. The research demonstrated that the modified SLEMSA model used within GIS is a very useful tool as it enhances the capacity to assess and model the spatial variation of soil erosion hazard in a timeously and affordable manner.
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Thobakgale, Rendani. "Evaluation of the geochemical and mineralogical transformation at an old copper mine tailings dump in Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/931.
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MENVSCDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
Historically, mining activities have generated vast quantities of abandoned tailings dumps in several regions of South Africa and throughout the world. The management and disposal of huge volumes of tailings dumps has constituted a major challenge to the environment. The current study aims to establish the physicochemical properties and mineralogical characterization of the old copper tailings dump in Musina, to reveal the mobility patterns and attenuation dynamics of potentially toxic or heavy metal species as a function of depth, with a view of assessing their potential environmental impact with respect to surface and ground water systems. This information is crucial in the beneficial utilization of copper tailings in the development of sustainable construction materials as part of reuse approach management system. About twelve tailings samples were collected into polyethylene plastic bags from three established tailings profiles drilled by a hand auger. The collected tailings samples were characterized using standard analytical procedures i.e., X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The transfer of potentially toxic or heavy metal species from tailings to water was evaluated using the standardized batch leaching test (EN 12457) and speciation-equilibrium calculations on the aqueous extracts performed by MINTEQA2. The leachate concentration of cations in the collected tailings samples was determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the leachate concentration of anions was determined by ion chromatography (IC). A modified sequential extraction scheme was applied on the selected tailings samples of the drilled tailings profiles to further understand the mode of occurrence, the geochemical partitioning and distribution, real mobility, and environmental bioavailability of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the tailings and tailings-soil interface. The extracted fractions or phases from sequential scheme were as follows: (F1) water-soluble fraction, (F2) exchangeable fraction, (F3) carbonate fraction, (F4) iron and manganese hydroxide associated fraction, (F5) organic matter and secondary sulphide associated fraction, (F6) primary sulphide bound fraction, and (F7) residual or silicate fraction. The results obtained from the seven steps sequential extraction scheme were validated by the determination vi of percentage recoveries from pseudo-total digestion or total metal content of the original sample. The distribution of major elements and potentially toxic or heavy metal species in different leachate fractions obtained after each step of sequential extraction of the selected tailings samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The appraised data was used to reveal the impact of atmospheric oxygen and infiltrating rain-water on the chemistry of copper tailings dump by depth profiles. Macroscopic properties revealed that the abandoned Musina copper tailings are fine to medium coarse grained, and range in color from light/dark gray at the upper or shallow depth of the tailings, to dark reddish-brown at the deeper zone where the tailings are mixed with the underlying soil or soil-interface. The drilled respective tailings profiles were uniform and slightly varied in both mineralogical and bulk chemical compositions with tailings depth. Mineralogical analysis showed the following order of mineralogical composition within the respective tailings profiles: quartz> epidote> chlorite> muscovite> calcite> hematite. Chalcopyrite was the only sulphide mineral observed by optical microscopy, although not identified or quantified by XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. The observed discrete chalcopyrite grains were attributed to the primary mined ore (i.e., chalcopyrite, chalcocite and bornite) during past copper mining activities in Musina. The tailings profiles were characterized by a medium alkaline pH (7.97-8.37) that corresponds very well with the tailings leachates or pore-water pH (8.36-8.46). This pH was constant and slightly varied with tailings depth in the respective tailings profiles. The high abundance of alumino-silicate minerals and traces of carbonates as calcite coupled with low sulphide mineral content, suggested a high neutralization capacity of the tailings which was in common agreement with an alkaline nature of the copper tailings dump. The chemical composition of major elements within the respective tailings profiles followed the order: Si>Al>Fe>Ca>Mg>K>Na, and corresponds very well with the mineralogical composition of the tailings, whereby alumino-silicates were the most abundant minerals in the tailings samples. Nevertheless, the solid-phase concentration of metals decreases with increasing tailings depth as Cu>Sr>Zr>Ni>Zn and was incongruent with the mineralogical composition within the respective tailings profiles. The main secondary minerals were calcite and hematite, and their proportion increased with increasing tailings vii depth. In addition, hematite formed coatings on the rims and corners of chlorite as observed from optical microscopy, and retained relatively high amounts of potentially toxic or heavy metals (up to 862 ppm of Cu, up to 36 ppm of Ni, and up to 25 ppm of Zn) at the upper and shallow depth of the respective tailings profiles, where bulk density was high and low porosity. Based on batch leaching tests, the amounts of potentially toxic or heavy metal species released into solution were low (0.27-0.34 μg/L Pb, 0.54-0.72 μg/L Ni, 0.88-1.80 μg/L Zn, and 20.21-47.9 μg/L Cu) and decreases with increasing tailings depth, indicating that, presently, the tailings have a minor impact on heavy metals load transported to the receiving surface and groundwater systems. The low concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in solution is primarily due to their retention by secondary Fe oxide phases (i.e., hematite) and the prevailing medium alkaline pH condition of the tailings leachate or pore-water. The observations are consistent with MINTEQA2 speciation calculations, which predicted the precipitation of secondary phase cuprite (Cu2O) as the main solubility-controlling mineral phase for Cu, Zn, and Ni. Primary factors influencing aqueous chemistry at the site are neutralization and dissolution reactions as a function of pH, precipitation, and sorption into hydrous oxides (hematite and cuprite). Based on sequential extraction results, the leachable concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions of the respective tailings profiles was relatively low, except for Cu and Mn. For instance, the leachable concentration of Cu and Mn reached 10.84 mg/kg and 321.7 mg/kg at the tailings-soil interface (3 m) in tailings profile C, respectively. The low concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in these fractions could be due to the low solubility of minerals bearing these trace elements caused by variations in pore-water pH in the respective tailings profiles. The high concentration of Cu and Mn in these fractions suggests their high mobility and therefore most available for uptake in the environment. Except for Cu>Mn>Cr, the contents of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the Fe and Mn oxides and organic matter or sulphides bound fractions was low, due to the low viii quantity of these fractions in the tailings, despite their high affinity and sorption capacity for potentially toxic or heavy metal species. Likewise, the residual fraction of the respective tailings profiles contained the highest proportion of potentially toxic or heavy metal species. Although the highest potentially toxic or heavy metal species content was in fractions with limited mobility, care must be taken since any geochemical change or shift in the tailings pH or acidic conditions may cause them to be displaced to more mobile fractions, thereby increasing their mobility and environmental bioavailability. Therefore, physicochemical properties of the tailings including pH and mineralogical composition of the tailings samples were the main substrate controlling the geochemical partitioning and distribution, potential mobility, and environmental bioavailability of potentially toxic or heavy metal species by tailings depth. The knowledge of mobility and eco-toxicological significance of tailings is needed when considering tailings dump disposal or reuse in the environment. The addition of copper tailings at 3 and 28 days successfully improved the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures incorporating tailings at C5 (5%) and C10 (10%) respectively, although with small margin relative to the control mixture (C0). The maximum strength was 31.15 Mpa attained after 28 curing days, and slightly varied when compared with other compressive strength on copper blended cement mortars mixtures in other countries, used for the development of sustainable construction materials. The chemical composition, physical properties and improved compressive strength on cement mortars mixtures incorporating copper tailings, implies that copper tailings are suitable for the development of sustainable construction materials, thereby ensuring job creation, availability of land for development usage, and the reduction of environmental pollution induced by the abandoned copper tailings dumps.
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Mukhawa, Cecilia. "Assessment of the use of personal protective clothing among health workers in selected hospitals of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1487.
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Department of Advanced Nursing ScienceMCur
This study was carried out to assess the use of protective clothing among health care workers in selected hospitals of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Protective clothing is the corner stone of health care facilities and it remains the most cost effective measure which is currently available in public health intervention. Although personal protective clothing is one of the best lines of protection against hazardous exposures, many healthcare workers either shun this protective apparel or do not wear it in an appropriate manner at the appropriate time. The purpose of the study was to assess the use of protective clothing of health care workers in selected hospitals of the Vhembe District, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The study followed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. The population comprised of all health care workers in purposefully selected hospitals and the sample was 205 health care workers who were 21 years and older. A questionnaire was selfdesigned in English, translated into Tshi-Venda, Se-Sotho and Xi-Tsonga languages. Data was collected by the researcher in selected hospitals of Vhembe District. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 25) was used to analyse the collected data. Validity and reliability were ensured. Permission to conduct research was obtained from the University of Venda Higher Degree Committee, Department of Health in Limpopo Province for Ethical Clearance, and the institutions where the study was conducted. The use of protective clothing among health care workers was found to be relatively low (8, 3%) probably due to unavailability of protective clothing in the hospitals, allergic reactions and ignorance. Lack of knowledge regarding the use of protective clothing could also explain the low yield of the detected cases for not using protective clothing while on duty in this study. Based on the findings, the study conclusions and recommendations were that all health care workers should follow the stipulated policy on protective clothing and periodic awareness campaigns to be held to conscientise workers on the importance of wearing personal protective clothing.
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Ngobeni, Takalani. "Health and safety risks among the Thulamela Municipality waste handlers in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1329.
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MPHDepartment of Public Health
Health and safety issues pertaining to workers are global concerns and a major priority to the employers and government respectively. Employees in general across industries are faced with various health and safety risks. Epidemiological research has shown consistently that waste handlers are mostly exposed to various risks and hazards during their work as compared to other professions globally. This study focused on waste handlers employed by the Thulamela Municipality in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study employed qualitative explorative design and targeted all municipal waste handlers. Municipal waste handlers were sampled using non probability purposive sampling. In-depth interviews, using an interview guide, were conducted by the researcher and a voice recorder was used to record data from the participants after obtaining permission from them. The sample size comprised of 18 participants and was determined by data saturation. A thematically analysis technique was used to analyse data. Data from the participants were clustered into main theme, categories and sub-categories. The following themes emerged from data analysis: physical hazards, psychological hazard, biological hazards and chemical hazard. The study revealed that the municipal waste handlers are exposed to various occupational risks and are experiencing shortage of personal protective equipment, ranging from hand gloves, safety helmets, rain coats, overall uniforms, safety jackets and boots, to keep themselves safe from health problems and occupational injury when collecting waste. It is recommended that the Thulamela municipality should prioritise the working conditions for municipal waste handlers, by distributing suitable personal protective equipment such as hands gloves, safety helmet, rain coats, safety jackets and boots) and overalls
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Mathaulula, Mushaisano Agnes. "Pillars of a safety management system for small-scale vended foods in a rural-based municipality of South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1537.
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PhDRDVInstitute for Rural Development
Throughout the world, small-scale food vending forms an integral part of society, serving as a poverty buffer and a local based economy generation strategy to optimize livelihoods. However, untrustworthiness and safety concerns have been raised regarding the food handling practices and hygiene that tend to compromise the quality of the food sold in this sector. Thus, this study was conducted in order to propose the pillars of a safety management system for small-scale vended foods in Thulamela Municipality in South Africa. The pillars were proposed after assessing the level of small-scale food vendors’ knowledge, attitude and handling practices. Complementary, the microbiological quality of the commonly consumed small-scale vended foods was determined. A survey-underpinned exploratory sequentially integrated mixed methods research design was adopted. Fifty-four respondents participated in a qualitative study via administering a semistructured interview guide to key informants and focus groups. Correspondingly, quantitative data were collected through a 5-point Likert questionnaire, administered to 136 small-scale food vendors and 272 customers. An observation checklist was used to collect data on 124 food stalls focusing on food handling practices. Microbial loads were determined through analysing 28 food samples collected from seven informal food markets. Qualitative data were analysed using ATLAS. ti version 8.0. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 was used to analyse quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate frequencies and mean scores. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the degree of correlation among variables. Principal Component Analysis was used to isolate and deepen understanding of the main factors determining the knowledge and attitude towards food safety. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was used to identify two cluster solutions for food handling practices. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine the relative stability of the generated two cluster solutions. Ordinal Least Square regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables which were critical in defining the state of food handling practices dynamics in the study area and their relationship with other variables. Data on the microbial counts were subjected to the Analysis of Variance. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate means while T-test was conducted to establish if there was any difference between organisms isolated for each food type from Thohoyandou and Sibasa markets. In general, food vendors were knowledgeable about personal (x̄ = 1.77) and food (x̄ = 1.75) hygiene respectively. However, they rarely considered knowledge of foodborne diseases and rules and regulations as crucial in defining the quality and safety of small-scale vended foods. Respondents reflected positive attitude towards personal hygiene (x̄ = 3.21), food hygiene (x̄ = 3.55) and utensils management (x̄ = 3.43). The highest correlation relations between variables of roadside vendors’ knowledge of food safety were observed to be between “Staphylococcus as a germ that causes foodborne diseases” and “Hepatitis A virus that can cause foodborne disease” (P < 0.01). From thirty-six factors that determined the knowledge and attitude towards food safety, the Principal Component Analysis isolated eight components that accounted for 50 % of the variability. Similarly, customers were knowledgeable about food hygiene (x̄ = 1.88) personal hygiene (x̄ = 1.86). They also showed positive attitude towards personal (x̄ = 3.66) hygiene, food (x̄ = 3.72) hygiene and utensils management (x̄ = 3.56). From thirty-six factors that determined the knowledge and attitude towards food safety, the Principal Component Analysis isolated ten components that accounted for 60. % of the variability. The results revealed the six major determinants of the state of handling practices in Thulamela Municipality. These were stalls conditions, personal hygiene, environmental and waste management, hygiene-related behaviour, food storage and utensils management. The most significant variables defining the state of food handling practices were protective clothing (P < 0.05) and stalls conditions (P < 0.05). The microbial counts (log10 cfu/g) of food samples ranged from 2.0 ± 2.08 to numerous to count for total plate count, 2.0 ± 1.00 to 6.6 ± 7.57 for Salmonella spp, 2.0 ± 2.64 to 3.9 ± 6.03 for S. aureus, 2.1 ± 1.73 to numerous to count for yeast, 2.0 ± 0.00 to 3.8 ± 10.00 for coliform bacteria and 2.0 ± 1.15 to 4.9 ± 21.66 for B. aureus. Coliform bacteria and B. cereus were not found in foods sold at Thohoyandou markets while mould was not detected in foods collected at both locations. Total plate count differed significantly (P < 0.05) between salads and chicken stews. Salmonella spp, significantly differed (P < 0.05) between salads and beef stews. For S. aureus, a significant difference was found in salads (P < 0.05). For yeast, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between salads and beef stews. The main objective of this study was to propose the pillars of a safety management for small-scale vended foods. Thus, the major components of pillars proposed were encored on hygiene (personal, food and handling practices), training programme, environmental management, infrastructure development and law enforcement. The training programme was scored as number one by the majority of food vendors (x̄ = 4.7) whilst personal hygiene was ranked first by the customers (x̄ = 4.8). The results of the study revealed the urgent need for basic training in food and personal hygiene throughout the value chain. Infrastructure development such as a decent food stalls with adequate working space, proper washing and storage facilities to improve food safety and hygienic practices was highlighted. Adequate access to waste-water and food disposal facilities aligned to vending spaces was also considered crucial. Thus, it is recommended that Thulamela Municipality should provide extensive training programme to ensure that proper hygiene practices are in place. Suitable regulations must be crafted to ensure that safe and secure foods are sold. Lastly, Thulamela Municipality should consider providing all vending stalls with basic infrastructure to close the gap between knowledge and practices of safe small-scale food vending.
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Mapaya, Mabotseke Dina. "Management of safety concerns in rural primary schools of Maleboho West Circuit in Limpopo Province." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1454.
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MEd (Educational Management)Department of Educational Management
The aim of the study was to investigate management of safety concerns in rural primary schools of Maleboho West circuit in Capricorn District. In rural areas, management of safety at primary school level is not adequate. Safety issues such as the carrying of sharp objects to classrooms, lack of scholar patrols and security guards, vandalizing of school property, poor condition of school buildings do not receive special attention in order to secure quality teaching and learning. To achieve the above aim, the study employed the interpretive paradigm to understand safety concerns from participants’ perspectives. The study was guided by a comprehensive approach theory to school safety. The study population comprised principals, teachers, governance official, chairpersons of School Governing Bodies and security personnel in Maleboho West circuit. In line with the interpretive research paradigm, purposive sampling was used to choose 11 participants that formed the study sample. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. Data was analysed thematically. The results show that poor management of safety concerns is real and compromises the quality of teaching and learning. Amongst other measures, the study recommends enforcing discipline amongst learners and teachers; abolishment of pit toilets; availability of scholar patrols and security guards and ensuring the general monitoring of the safety of learners and school property.
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Sinthumule, Dzivhonele Albert. "Creating a safe and secure teaching and learning environment: a successful school leadership imperative." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/887.
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DEd (Educational Management)Department of Educational Management
This study focuses on safety and security in public schools. School violence is a sad reality encountered by whoever takes up the responsibility for the safety of learners and teachers. Both teachers and learners have the right to feel safe and secure at school. The aim of the study was to investigate how school management teams and school governing bodies take reasonable measures to ensure the safety and security of learners at schools. A mixed-methods research design was used in this study. The quantitative data, collected through questionnaires, were analysed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23, while the qualitative data, gathered through semi-structured interviews, were thematically analysed. The study revealed that successful school leaders have the potential to tremendously reduce safety and security challenges when necessary support is provided. Establishing partnerships with other sectors not only manage and improve the learners' behaviour and lessen learning difficulties but also create a more supportive climate within the school, home and society. Unavailability of school psychologists and/or social workers who would join forces with teachers, parents, and other professionals to create safe and supportive learning environments increase the manifestations of school safety and security challenges.
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Mphephu, Avhapfani Gladys. "Effects of nursing work loads on patients safety in the selected public hospitals in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1458.
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MCurDepartment of Advanced Nursing Science
Background: The heavy workload of hospital nurses is a major problem globally. Nurses are experiencing higher workloads than ever before due to four main reasons, increased demand for nurses, inadequate appointment of new nurses, reduced staffing and increased overtime and reduction in patient length of stay. It is necessary for South Africa to find ways to reduce nursing workload and improve patient safety particularly in rural areas, to understand these effects of nursing workload on patient safety, the study was conducted with professional nurses from selected hospitals in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine and to assess the effects of nurses‘ workloads on patient safety in the selected public hospitals, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methodology: Quantitative, exploratory descriptive design was adopted. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection from the sampled hospitals in Vhembe district. Hospitals were sampled based on the statistics of admitted patients in medical and surgical wards. Target population were professional nurses with at least two years working in the sampled wards. Ethical considerations were maintained. Results: There are several important consequences of high nursing workload. Findings show that a heavy nursing workload adversely affects patient safety. The study also shows that majority 80 (79.0%) of the respondents were overloaded by nursing responsibilities and this negatively affects nursing job satisfaction. As many as 55 (54.4%) indicated that such v workload contributes to high turnover and the nursing shortage. In addition to the higher patient acuity, work system factors and expectations also contribute to the nurses‘ workload: nurses are expected to perform non-professional tasks such as delivering and retrieving food trays; housekeeping duties; transporting patients; and ordering, coordinating, or performing ancillary services Conclusion: Nursing workload is affected by staffing levels and the patients‘ conditions, but also by the design of the nurses‘ work system. The study showed that a work situation above the assumed optimal level increases the risk for adverse events and patient mortality. However, the resources for nursing staff are limited in all public hospitals where the study focused. Professional nurses, therefore, must use available resources in the most optimal way. The study also recommended that there should be a creation of the nursing posts and the filling of all vacant positions in South Africa. Continuity of in-service training to empower professional nurses on patient safety was emphasised.
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Petja, Brilliant Mareme. "Satellite-derived monitoring of asbestos mine rehabilitation in the post mining environments of Mafefe and Mathabatha, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/557.
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Thesis (Ph.D. (Geography)(GIS and remote sensing)) --University of Limpopo, 2009Mining of the environment leaves scars of environmental damage and associated health consequences resulting from exploration, extraction and processing of minerals. These impacts tend to get worse during the post closure period on the abandoned derelict mines. The South African government is conducting environmental remediation on the mines which were abandoned by colonial mining companies. In this situation, monitoring and evaluation of such projects becomes a necessity to ensure sustainability of the mine rehabilitation process. However, the government did not have any plan and/or capacity to monitor the rehabilitation process. This study therefore utilizes remote sensing techniques to monitor the asbestos mine rehabilitation process at Mafefe and Mathabatha and to assess its effectiveness as short and long term strategies of environmental management. This research used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images (1989 - 2004) to assess and monitor mine degradation and rehabilitation efforts in the study area. Two scenes were acquired for each year, representing both low peak and high peak growing periods. An image differencing method (NDVI) was used to assess the condition of vegetation in the study area.Results showed both positive and negative trends in vegetation growth. In order to understand the dynamics depicted from satellite images in the post mining phase, a field campaign was conducted to understand the reflective properties of the variables (vegetation species) used for mine rehabilitation. Results using leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) provides a proper reasoning for the type of positive environmental change reflected from satellite images. This therefore makes remote sensing an important tool for the limited field monitoring capacity for observing the dynamics of mining environments in the post closure phase. The image differencing method also helped in identifying areas that needs further rehabilitation.Despite the rehabilitation efforts, field evidence shows that traces of different asbestos minerals appear scattered even after the rehabilitation process has been conducted. This has not been properly reported since there was no effectively coordinated monitoring procedure in place to assess the progress of mine rehabilitation in mitigating asbestos pollution. This study therefore used in situ remote sensing techniques to spectrally differentiate various types of asbestos minerals with the aim of determining its potential in assessing asbestos pollution.Data generated from an X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy were also utilized for the identification and characterization of asbestos minerals in soil and water of the rehabilitated environments which were also examined using in situ remote sensing. An Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Field Spectrometer was used to collect spectra of asbestos minerals and that of soil and water samples for comparative analysis with laboratory results. Results showed that in situ remote sensing can play a significant role in monitoring the distribution of the asbestos minerals over rehabilitated surface areas. However, the spectral characteristics of asbestos minerals in the water bodies were not conclusive enough when compared to laboratory methods.Within the context of South Africa as a developing country, remote sensing is recommended as an important tool for periodic assessment and monitoring of mine rehabilitation. This will fill the gap created from the limited capacity within the government for monitoring and evaluation of asbestos mine rehabilitation. It is also the most cost effective method of conducting natural resource monitoring.
Department of Science and Technology, the CSIR SAC, University of Stellenbosch, and the Agricultural Research Council-Institute for soil, climate and water
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Mtengwa, G. R. "Factors influencing occupational health and safety practices among farm workers at the University of Venda Farm." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/847.
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Lekganyane, John Kgatla. "An exploratory study on students' safety at the Universities of Limpopo and Venda." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3472.
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Thesis (M.A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Campus safety is an important part of a student’s overall university experience. However, safety and security are an issue that institutions of higher learning have to deal with and address within their campuses. The focus of this study was to explore students’ safety at the Universities of Limpopo (UL) and Venda (UNIVEN). This study adopted an exploratory triangulation approach. A triangulation design was implemented to allow the researcher the opportunity to collect qualitative and quantitative data and thereafter, integrate the results in the interpretation stage. For triangulation purposes, data was collected using interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. For the qualitative phase of the research (phase I), twenty face to face interviews were conducted and for the quantitative phase (phase II), eight hundred and nineteen respondents responded to the questionnaire. This study employed Routine Activities Theory (RAT) to discuss the findings. Some of the findings were that the majority of female students who reside off-campus were fearful of being victimised. More female students than males were more concerned of sexual harassment and rape. These criminal incidents were statistically significant. The study further reveals that a lack of sufficient lighting, alcohol and illicit drugs, campus camera surveillance, crime reporting, and the visibility of emergency phones are some of the contributing factors associated with students victimisations. There are no visible police patrolling around the campuses of UL and UNIVEN. The majority of the students do not report their victimisation to the police or campus authorities. Furthermore, this study reveals that there is no relationship between gender and the perception of safety. However, age and level of study have a relationship to the perception of safety and were statistically significant. Based on these findings, crime awareness campaigns, visibility of police patrolling around the campus, and the police should work closely with the University authority.
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Mokoena, Mothemba Cecilia. "A constructive analysis of safety control mechanisms and production costs at a coal mine." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/315.
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M. Tech. (Cost and Management Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of TechnologyStatistics in South Africa show that the fatality and injury rates within the mining industry have dropped since the end of the apartheid era. Regardless of the drop the fact remains that the mine workers, who are often the breadwinners, are still dying in the country’s mines leaving their families behind without any source of income. If they do not die they may suffer crippling injuries due to mine accidents making it impossible for them to perform their daily duties at work which results in the loss of income, loss of quality of life and this produces a humanitarian and a socio-economic problem. Mining companies incur enormous costs due to fatalities and injuries. Hence a target for zero fatalities was set in the mining industry for 2013. However, the industry has failed to reach this target that it set for itself and it is therefore of the utmost importance to encourage mining companies to invest more than they do currently in safety in order to prevent these fatal and crippling injuries due to mine accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the requirements of safety legislation are observed and complied with by a single Colliery in South Africa that was selected for this study. The study also sought to investigate whether or not the employees of this mine observe the safety regulations to ensure safety and to maintain an accident free working environment. An analysis of organizational safety control mechanisms and production cost was conducted through the use of a structured questionnaire, completed by 151 participants. Descriptive statistics, frequency tables, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were utilized to analyse the data. The results indicate that the Colliery was compliant with the safety legislations, a positive employee safety attitude had been cultivated and there was provision of adequate safety facilities through safety investments. Cost reduction due to the application of safety controls was also established, yet it was found necessary for the Colliery to enforce and encourage the application of safety measures to reduce the costs that are still incurred as it is evident that the application of safety controls results in reduced costs. Although the Colliery was considered compliant, with its employees showing a positive attitude towards safety controls, and with safety investments made and cost reduction achieved due to safety measures, ANOVA revealed different perceptions based on the departments in which the employees work, years of experience, English proficiency and qualifications. However, no differences were found in relation to gender and designation.
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"The safe mindset of managers, shiftbosses and miners on a platinum mine in South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3451.
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M.Phil.The mining industry in South Africa is in a process of transformation, which can be ascribed to various influences. First and foremost is the process of the conversion of mineral rights, employment equity and black economic empowerment. The ethnic distribution of mining employees at the time of the study reflected that Managers were predominantly white, the majority of Shift bosses were white and Miners were predominantly black. Central to the transformation process is maintaining and improving production output in a safe manner. Leadership in addition also impacts on health and safety in the workplace and the process to transform the organisation to world- class status commences with leadership. Transforming health and safety in the organisation to world-class status is a leadership imperative. The fatality rates in South African mines are continuously being addressed not only through initiatives from the Chamber of Mines of South Africa, but also through the various mining houses. The introduction of the Mine Health and Safety Act and Regulations 29 of 1996 made a profound impact on health and safety management on South African Mines. The introduction of blasting certificate holders replaced the scheduled person (contract miner). Various mining houses grasped the opportunity and trained their own miners from previously disadvantaged communities. This also assisted in achieving transformation objectives. The fatalities on platinum mines in South Africa since 1995 have remained constant up to 2007 although a slight decrease is reported. Nevertheless, injuries and fatalities in South African mines are attracting negative attention from society and the investment community. This is not in the interest of the mining industry. Research indicates that unsafe behaviour contributes 87% and more to incidents and injuries (including fatalities) on mines. The study of behaviour as a contributing factor in organisational safety is a relatively young science since the first reported studies in the 1980's. Research in this domain strives to develop an understanding of behaviour as a contributing factor in organisational safety.
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Shibambu, Ophrey Ntsuxeko. "Implementation and enforcement of safety standards in the mining industry in South Africa: challenges and prospects." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1900.
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Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017.In South Africa, during the then apartheid era, the mining sector had records of extremely high fatalities, injuries and occupational diseases that led to massive death of miners predominantly the Blacks. In the post-apartheid era, numerous laws have been enacted to address the problem. One of the laws that was introduced is the Mine Health and Safety Act 29 of 1996 which provides for radical enforcement of health and safety standards using various mechanisms, such as monitoring systems and inspections, investigations, and employers' and employees' duties to identify hazards and eliminate, control and minimise the risk to health and safety of mine workers. This study examines the extent, efficient and efficacy of the implementation and enforcements of these laws and points out the challenges being encountered and prospects made thus far. The study used Australia and Chile for comparative study and showcased how the government and the laws they have passed are being effectively used to contain and curtail health hazards, accidents and fatalities in the mining environment.
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Landman, Gysbert van Rooyen. "Ignition and initiation of coal mine explosions." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17313.
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Ravele, Rembuluwani Solly. "Economic potential of gold mine waste: a case study of Consolidated Murchison Mine Waste." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1445.
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MESMEGDepartment of Mining and Environmental Geology
The increase in the demand and market price of gold has led to reprocessing of gold tailings in many parts of the world. Mines are recently closing down due to depletion of resources and increasing mining costs leading to the reprocessing of old tailings dams. The cost of rehabilitation is high, and therefore a more convenient way of rehabilitation is required. The most convenient strategy identified here was to reprocess tailings for gold and use waste rocks as construction materials. The tailings residues (waste remaining after reprocessing) will be relocated to a more convenient place to avoid pollution. Gold reprocessing from tailings dams has gained momentum in South Africa especially in the Witwatersrand Basin where there are large volumes of tailings. Gold is being reprocessed from tailings in this area using hydraulic monitors. This study focused on the evaluation of gold and heavy metals within the tailings at Consolidated Murchison Mine tailings in Gravelotte, Limpopo province. Augering was conducted over the tailings up to a depth of 8 m along four sampling Profiles. The first profile had two sampling points, the second profile with three sampling points, the third and fourth profiles consisted of four and five sampling points respectively. Samples were collected at 1 m interval, therefore a total of 112 samples were collected and analysed for heavy metals using X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and 84 samples were analysed for gold using fire assaying. Tailings sampling was accompanied with tailings logging, taking note of colour, texture and moisture content. Based on this, the oxidation status of the tailings dam was determined. Oxidation zone of this tailings dam was mainly from top down to a depth of 3 m. The transitional zone was not identified, hence after the oxidation zone, the rest was unoxidized zone. This study established that gold was erratically distributed within the tailings dam with the lowest and highest values of 200 mg/kg and 1880 mg/kg respectively and the average was 670 mg/kg. The tonnage of tailings within the dam was found to be 13 280 310 tons with a total gold amount of 8 897. 81 kg. At the current world market, this interprets to US$ 306 932 396.00 (R 4 281 706 924.20). It was concluded that this tailings dam is economically viable for reprocessing, although previous studies have indicated that it is not possible to extract gold from tailings dams completely. The heavy metal content of Pb, Ni and Cr were found to be high with average values of (ppm); 5631.5, 2062.6 and 1345 v respectively. The metals with the lowest values were Cd, Co and Cu, averaging (ppm); 0.01 ppm, 19.8 ppm and 42.1 ppm respectively. Heavy metal content in soil around the tailings dam was gradually decreasing with distance from the tailings dam. Waste rocks have been used in some parts of the world as sub-base material for engineering construction, hence in this study, a total of 6 waste rock samples were collected using grab sampling method for geostatistical investigation. Such samples were subjected to various geotechnical tests which included particle size distribution analysis (sieve analysis), Atterberg limit tests and laboratory compaction test to determine their suitability for construction. The waste rock material was found to be suitable for road construction as it was classified under Group A-1-a using the AASHTO classification system. The material consisted mainly of rock fragments, gravel and sand material with minor silt/clay. In general, Consolidated Murchison mine waste was found to be suitable for road construction.
NRF
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Nkuna, Thoko. "An evaluation of the level of awareness about occupational health and safety practices among workers at University of Venda." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/80.
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Lourens, Philippus Jacobus. "The design of a disaster prevention centre for Modikwa Platinum Mine in Burgersfort." Thesis, 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000504.
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Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture: Professional)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012.The aim of this thesis is to design a Disaster Prevention Centre for the platinum mining sector which will save lives and aid in the South African Department of Mineral and Resources' campaign towards "zero fatalities" within the mining industry. The facility is intended to be a prototype for the preventative training of platinum miners around the world by examining past, present and predicted future mining incidents and using this information to create a safe simulated learning environment or mock-up scenario of possible mining hazards.
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Mashuba, Dorcus Mmaphefo. "Knowledge and practices of food service staff regarding food safety and food hygiene in the Capricorn District Hospitals in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1487.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of food service staff regarding food safety and food hygiene in Capricorn District hospitals, Limpopo Province. Quantitative, cross-sectional research was conducted to determine the knowledge and practices of food service staff. A convenient sampling technique was employed to select 84 food service staff members (11 food service supervisor and 73 food service aids). Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Food service staff members consisting of food service aids and food service supervisors participated in the study. The data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences version 23. Of the respondents 50 (60%) are female whereas 34 (40%) are males. The largest group of them, 34 (40%) had secondary education, 23 (27%) had matric whereas 16 (19%) had post matric qualifications. 80 (95%) of them answered correctly that they use an air dryer or paper towel for drying hands after washing whereas 65 (77%) answered incorrectly when asked the difference between washing and sanitizing. Seventy eight of the respondents answered correctly on practice questionnaire that they only reheat leftovers once whereas 69 (82%) answered incorrectly about the temperature one should maintain for potentially hazardous food that has been cooked and needs to be reheated. In this study a significant correlation was observed between level of education and knowledge, with p-value 0.016 and again between level of education and practices (p-value 0.024), also between work activity and practice (p-value 0.021). There was significant difference between knowledge level and practice with p-value 0.045. The result of the study suggest that although most food service staff are knowledgeable regarding some aspects of food hygiene and food safety significant gaps remains in food safety practices, posing risk to hospitalised patients who are already vulnerable. There is a need for training in areas were food service staff are lacking knowledge.
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Masindi, Vhahangwele. "Remediation of acid mine drainage using magnesite and its bentonite clay composite." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/755.
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Teffo, Lesiba Augustine. "Food safety knowledge and attitudes of food handlers in hospitals in the Capricorn District Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24840.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the level of food safety knowledge, attitudes
and food handling practices of employees in hospitals in the Capricorn District Municipality
(CDM), Limpopo Province, South Africa. Purposeful sampling was followed to sample 210
respondents from nine hospitals in CDM. Respondents were individuals who are 18 years or
more, employed in these hospitals and are involved in the food handling duties. Data collection
was done by means of questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that 99% and 70% of
the food handlers are black females and are health care staffs. Up to 71% have not attended
any food safety-training course. Many food handlers are not knowledgeable about HACCP and
the correct temperature and duration for receiving and storing temperature controlled for safety
(TCS) foods respectively. The vast majority of food handlers are not knowledgeable on
minimum internal cooking temperature for poultry, seafood, egg and the best way of thawing
of frozen meat. The majority of food handlers do not know that Salmonella is the main
foodborne bacteria pathogen mostly associated with poultry products and that food borne
bacteria will grow quickly in food at a temperature of 37 ˚C. The majority of food handlers
possess adequate food safety knowledge regarding the safe food handling practices and the
prevention of contamination. Respondents with higher academic qualifications do not possess
more food safety knowledge than those with lower academic qualifications. Food handlers who
are health care staff have less food safety knowledge when compared to food service managers,
food service supervisors and chefs.Business Management
M.A. (Consumer Science)